热力发电

垃圾焚烧炉内强力波清灰器的清灰过程模拟与性能分析

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垃圾焚烧炉内强力波清灰器的清灰过程模拟与性能分析

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Simulation and performance analysis of ash cleaning using a powerful wave ash cleaner in a waste incineration boiler

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doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202604079

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【目的】针对垃圾焚烧炉受热面积灰导致换热恶化、排烟温度升高及运行效率下降等问题，研究了强力波清灰过程及其压力参数对清灰效果的影响。

【方法】采用内聚力模型与耦合欧拉-拉格朗日分析方法，建立强力波清灰过程数值模型，以内聚力单元损伤比例表征积灰层破坏程度，分析不同出口工作压力下积灰破碎过程及清灰性能，并结合垃圾焚烧炉多工况现场试验，对模拟结果进行验证。

【结果】强力波作用下积灰破坏程度随清灰器出口工作压力增大而提高，而积灰开始发生破坏的时间基本不受工作压力影响；现场试验表明，启用强力波清灰器后，工作压力由30 MPa提高至35 MPa，增幅为16.67%，温度降幅在24.20 ℃基础上提高11%，归一化换热恢复指标在0.53 ℃·h/t基础上提高3.8%，验证了数值模拟所得规律。

【结论】所建强力波清灰器模型能够较好反映强力波清灰过程中积灰层损伤演化特征；该强力波清灰器具有良好的清灰效果，且清灰效果与出口工作压力之间呈正相关。研究结果可为垃圾焚烧炉强力波清灰器的参数优化与工程推广提供参考。

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[Objective] Ash deposition on the heating surfaces of waste incineration boilers increases thermal resistance, weakens heat transfer, raises flue gas temperature, and reduces boiler operating efficiency. Powerful wave ash cleaning can generate high-intensity pressure waves and gas disturbance through rapid combustion of a combustible gas-air mixture, showing potential advantages over conventional acoustic soot blowing, steam soot blowing, and mechanical rapping. However, the ash fragmentation process under powerful wave action and the influence of outlet working pressure on cleaning performance remain insufficiently understood. This study investigates the dynamic ash removal process and pressure-dependent cleaning effect of a powerful wave ash cleaner in a waste incineration boiler, aiming to provide a basis for engineering application and parameter optimization.

[Methods] A numerical model of the powerful wave ash cleaning process was established by combining the cohesive zone model with the coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian method. The gas domain was described using the Eulerian formulation, while the water-wall tube and ash deposit layer were described using the Lagrangian formulation, so as to simulate the transient fluid-solid interaction between the cleaning gas and the ash layer. Cohesive elements were embedded in the ash deposit, and the damage ratio of cohesive elements was used to characterize ash fragmentation. Four outlet working pressures, 25, 30, 35, and 40 MPa, were selected to compare the evolution of ash damage. Field tests were also conducted on a waste incineration boiler, in which the flue gas temperature at the inlet of the three-pass superheater and the main steam flow rate were collected. A normalized heat-transfer recovery index was introduced to reduce the influence of load fluctuation.

[Results] The simulation results show that the damage degree of the ash deposit layer increases with increasing outlet working pressure, whereas the initial time of ash damage is only slightly affected by pressure. The field test results further verified this trend. When the outlet working pressure increased from 30 MPa to 35 MPa, corresponding to a pressure increase of 16.67%, the flue gas temperature drop at the left inlet of the three-pass superheater increased from 24.20℃ to 26.85℃, improving by about 11%. Meanwhile, the normalized heat-transfer recovery index increased from 0.53℃·h/t to 0.55℃·h/t, with a relative increase of about 3.8%.

[Conclusions] The proposed model can reasonably describe the damage evolution of ash deposits during powerful wave ash cleaning. Both simulation and field test results indicate that the powerful wave ash cleaner has favorable cleaning performance, and its ash removal effect is positively correlated with outlet working pressure.

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. 垃圾焚烧炉内强力波清灰器的清灰过程模拟与性能分析. 热力发电, : - . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202604079

. Simulation and performance analysis of ash cleaning using a powerful wave ash cleaner in a waste incineration boiler[J]. Thermal Power Generation, : - . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202604079

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doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202604079

首发时间：2026-10-20

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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