Article(id=1295068243102822964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1295068190569164906, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19666/j.rlfd.202510010, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1760025600000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-10, revisedDate=1762617600000, revisedDateStr=2025-11-09, acceptedDate=1763395200000, acceptedDateStr=2025-11-18, onlineDate=1786697930359, onlineDateStr=2026-08-14, pubDate=1782316800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1786697930359, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-08-14, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1786697930359, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1786697930359, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1295068190569164906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, year='2026', volume='55', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='192', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1782316800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1786697917835, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1786698816898, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1295071961596584952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1295068190569164906, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1295071961596584953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1295068190569164906, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=125, endPage=134, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1295068243320926773, articleId=1295068243102822964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=EN, title=Exergy analysis of a supercritical carbon dioxide cogeneration system with vacuum temperature swing adsorption for carbon capture coupling split-flow low-temperature heat recovery, columnId=1211002405299294959, journalTitle=Thermal Power Generation, columnName=Thermal energy science research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
[Objective]

In the context of achieving the “dual-carbon” goals in the new era, coal-fired cogeneration systems are required to be highly efficient, flexible, and low in pollution and carbon emissions.

[Methods]

To tackle these challenges, this study proposes a novel system that integrates a supercritical CO2 cycle with split-flow heating and low-temperature regeneration (SR-SCO2-CHP), an ultra-low emission (ULE) flue gas control module, and a vacuum temperature swing adsorption (VTSA) carbon capture module (denoted as the SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-VTSA system). A system using monoethanolamine (MEA) for carbon capture (SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-MEA) serves as the benchmark for comparison. A comparative exergy analysis is conducted.

[Results]

The results demonstrate that the proposed system achieves superior exergy efficiency across all electrical loads, because the exergy loss of the VTSA carbon capture submodule is less than one-third of that of the MEA. The exergy losses of MEA mainly occur in the absorption tower and desorption tower, which account for 80% of the total exergy losses of the carbon capture submodule. However, the exergy losses of VTSA adsorption & desorption tower and the pressure machine are relatively large, accounting for more than 60% of the total exergy losses of the carbon capture submodule. At full load, its exergy efficiency reaches 39.84%, significantly outperforming the benchmark system’s 35.16%. Furthermore, the proposed system enables effective thermo-electric decoupling through adjustments in the heat split ratio (x1) and the split ratio of CO2 turbine driving vacuum pump (x2). The exergy efficiency of the system decreases as the split ratio x1 and x2 increase under any electrical load, and the optimal split ratios of x1 and x2 increase as the electrical load decreases. At 100% electrical load, the optimal values for x1 and x2 are 0.52 and 0.14, respectively. The carbon reduction capability of the proposed system is also remarkable. Across the electrical load range from 100% to 30%, the carbon reduction increases from 11.9 g/(kW·h) to as high as 85.3 g/(kW·h), demonstrating a significant advantage over the benchmark system.

[Conclusion]

This work confirms the SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-VTSA system as a promising solution for highly efficient and low-carbon coal-fired cogeneration. It should be noted that in terms of economic performance, the initial investment of the carbon capture module of the SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-VTSA system is closely related to the performance of the adsorbent material, and further optimization of the adsorbent is required to reduce equipment size and cost. Additionally, in terms of operation, its carbon capture module has a complex structure and high requirements for multi-tower operation switching, so its technical maturity needs to be further improved to promote its industrial application.

, authors=Tong ZHOU1, 2, Mingxing HAO3, Lifeng LI4, Yanhong HAO5, authorsList=Tong ZHOU, Mingxing HAO, Lifeng LI, Yanhong HAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yanhong HAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1295068244835070534, articleId=1295068243102822964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=CN, title=真空变温吸附捕碳耦合分流低温回热超临界二氧化碳热电联产系统㶲分析, columnId=1211002405437706993, journalTitle=热力发电, columnName=热能科学研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
【目的】

为实现“双碳”目标,燃煤热电联产系统需满足高效、灵活、减污降碳的要求。

【方法】

提出了一种耦合真空变温吸附捕碳的超低排放分流供热与低温回热超临界二氧化碳(S-CO2)燃煤热电联产(SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-VTSA)系统,并以单乙醇胺捕碳的SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-MEA系统为对照,进行了㶲性能对比分析。

【结果】

任一电负荷下,SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-VTSA系统的㶲效率均高于SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-MEA系统,原因在于VTSA捕碳子模块的㶲损仅为MEA的不足1/3,100%电负荷时,其㶲效率为39.84%,高于对照系统的35.16%;不同电负荷下,SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-VTSA系统可通过供热分流比x1与驱动真空泵的CO2涡轮机分流比x2的匹配实现热电解耦,任一电负荷下随着分流比x1x2的增大系统㶲效率均减小,x1x2的最佳值随着电负荷的减小而增大,100%电负荷时,x1x2的最佳分流比分别为0.52与0.14;SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-VTSA系统的减碳量显著,与SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-MEA系统相比,100%~30%电负荷下减碳量从11.9 g/(kW·h)提高到85.3 g/(kW·h)。

【结论】

SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-VTSA系统可作为高效低碳燃煤热电联产的可行解决方案,在实现“双碳”目标中发挥重要作用。

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周彤(2000),女,硕士,主要研究方向为超临界CO2热电联产系统的评价优化,

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郝艳红(1973),女,博士,教授,主要研究方向为先进能源系统的评价优化,
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articleId=1295068243102822964, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Parameters of the VTSA carbon capture submodule

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数取值参数取值
吸附剂装填高度Hb/m30.0吸附剂堆积密度/(kg·m–3756.0
床层壁厚Wt/m1.0CO2传质系数/s–10.1
吸附塔内径Db/m20.0N2传质系数/s–10.5
), ArticleFig(id=1295068248706413190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068243102822964, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

真空变温吸附捕碳子模块相关参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数取值参数取值
吸附剂装填高度Hb/m30.0吸附剂堆积密度/(kg·m–3756.0
床层壁厚Wt/m1.0CO2传质系数/s–10.1
吸附塔内径Db/m20.0N2传质系数/s–10.5
), ArticleFig(id=1295068248773522055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068243102822964, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Proximate analysis for the used coal

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参数取值参数取值
war(M)/%8.88war(V)/%10.06
war(A)/%38.05war(FC)/%43.01
war(O)/%3.32war(C)/%44.69
war(N)/%0.67war(H)/%2.38
war(S)/%2.01低位发热量Qar,net/(kJ·kg–117 190
), ArticleFig(id=1295068248840630920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068243102822964, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

煤质分析

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参数取值参数取值
war(M)/%8.88war(V)/%10.06
war(A)/%38.05war(FC)/%43.01
war(O)/%3.32war(C)/%44.69
war(N)/%0.67war(H)/%2.38
war(S)/%2.01低位发热量Qar,net/(kJ·kg–117 190
), ArticleFig(id=1295068248907739785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068243102822964, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Thermal parameters of the unit under design conditions

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参数数值参数数值
高压透平入口温度/℃600预冷器出口温度/℃32
高压透平入口压力/MPa30.0预冷器出口压力/MPa7.6
低压透平入口温度/℃620再压缩分流比0.66
低压透平入口压力/MPa15.1省煤器分流比0.09
主压缩机入口温度/℃32换热器最小换热温差/℃5
主压缩机入口压力/MPa7.6透平等熵效率/%93
再压缩机入口温度/℃68压缩机等熵效率/%89
再压缩机入口压力/MPa7.65透平与压缩机机械效率/%99
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机组设计工况下的热力参数

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参数数值参数数值
高压透平入口温度/℃600预冷器出口温度/℃32
高压透平入口压力/MPa30.0预冷器出口压力/MPa7.6
低压透平入口温度/℃620再压缩分流比0.66
低压透平入口压力/MPa15.1省煤器分流比0.09
主压缩机入口温度/℃32换热器最小换热温差/℃5
主压缩机入口压力/MPa7.6透平等熵效率/%93
再压缩机入口温度/℃68压缩机等熵效率/%89
再压缩机入口压力/MPa7.65透平与压缩机机械效率/%99
), ArticleFig(id=1295068249041957515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068243102822964, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Thermal parameters of the unit under different electrical loads

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
电负荷总工质流量/(kg·s–1高压透平入口温度/℃高压透平入口压力/MPa低压透平入口温度/℃低压透平入口压力/MPa再压缩机入口温度/℃再压缩机入口压力/MPa供热分流比x1
100%2 87960030.0062015.10687.650.52
75%2 37460026.4062013.10647.650.63
50%1 76160021.4062011.80577.650.85
30%1 51560015.2062011.45537.650.99
), ArticleFig(id=1295068249121649292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068243102822964, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同电负荷下机组的热力参数

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电负荷总工质流量/(kg·s–1高压透平入口温度/℃高压透平入口压力/MPa低压透平入口温度/℃低压透平入口压力/MPa再压缩机入口温度/℃再压缩机入口压力/MPa供热分流比x1
100%2 87960030.0062015.10687.650.52
75%2 37460026.4062013.10647.650.63
50%1 76160021.4062011.80577.650.85
30%1 51560015.2062011.45537.650.99
), ArticleFig(id=1295068249197146765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068243102822964, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

CO2 emissions under different electrical loads

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电负荷CO2排放量/(g·(kW·h)–1
A系统B系统C系统A-BA-C
100%68.980.8822.4–11.9–753.5
75%79.296.4979.2–17.2–900.0
50%98.2126.61 284.9–28.4–1 186.7
30%151.9237.22 402.3–85.3–2 250.4
), ArticleFig(id=1295068249268449934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068243102822964, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同电负荷下的CO2排放量

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电负荷CO2排放量/(g·(kW·h)–1
A系统B系统C系统A-BA-C
100%68.980.8822.4–11.9–753.5
75%79.296.4979.2–17.2–900.0
50%98.2126.61 284.9–28.4–1 186.7
30%151.9237.22 402.3–85.3–2 250.4
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真空变温吸附捕碳耦合分流低温回热超临界二氧化碳热电联产系统㶲分析
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周彤 1, 2 , 郝铭星 3 , 李丽锋 4 , 郝艳红 5
热力发电 | 热能科学研究 2026,55(6): 125-134
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热力发电 |热能科学研究 2026 , 55 (6) : 125 -134
真空变温吸附捕碳耦合分流低温回热超临界二氧化碳热电联产系统㶲分析
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2.中煤华晋集团有限公司王家岭选煤厂,山西 运城 043300, bio={"content":"

周彤(2000),女,硕士,主要研究方向为超临界CO2热电联产系统的评价优化,

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周彤1, 2 , 郝铭星3, 李丽锋4, 郝艳红5
作者信息
  • 1.山西大学资源与环境工程研究所,山西 太原 030006
  • 2.中煤华晋集团有限公司王家岭选煤厂,山西 运城 043300
  • 3.山西河坡发电有限责任公司,山西 阳泉 045011
  • 4.山西国际能源裕光煤电有限责任公司,山西 阳泉 045011
  • 5.山西大学环境与资源学院,山西 太原 030006
通讯作者:
郝艳红(1973),女,博士,教授,主要研究方向为先进能源系统的评价优化,
作者简介:

周彤(2000),女,硕士,主要研究方向为超临界CO2热电联产系统的评价优化,

Exergy analysis of a supercritical carbon dioxide cogeneration system with vacuum temperature swing adsorption for carbon capture coupling split-flow low-temperature heat recovery
Tong ZHOU1, 2 , Mingxing HAO3, Lifeng LI4, Yanhong HAO5
Affiliations
  • 1.Institute of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
  • 2.Wangjialing Coal Preparation Plant, China Coal Huajin Group Co., Ltd., Yuncheng 043300, China
  • 3.Shanxi Hepo Power Generation Co., Ltd., Yangquan 045011, China
  • 4.Shanxi International Energy Yuguang Coal Power Co., Ltd., Yangquan 045011, China
  • 5.School of Environmental & Resource Sciences of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
出版时间: 2026-06-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202510010
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【目的】

为实现“双碳”目标,燃煤热电联产系统需满足高效、灵活、减污降碳的要求。

【方法】

提出了一种耦合真空变温吸附捕碳的超低排放分流供热与低温回热超临界二氧化碳(S-CO2)燃煤热电联产(SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-VTSA)系统,并以单乙醇胺捕碳的SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-MEA系统为对照,进行了㶲性能对比分析。

【结果】

任一电负荷下,SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-VTSA系统的㶲效率均高于SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-MEA系统,原因在于VTSA捕碳子模块的㶲损仅为MEA的不足1/3,100%电负荷时,其㶲效率为39.84%,高于对照系统的35.16%;不同电负荷下,SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-VTSA系统可通过供热分流比x1与驱动真空泵的CO2涡轮机分流比x2的匹配实现热电解耦,任一电负荷下随着分流比x1x2的增大系统㶲效率均减小,x1x2的最佳值随着电负荷的减小而增大,100%电负荷时,x1x2的最佳分流比分别为0.52与0.14;SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-VTSA系统的减碳量显著,与SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-MEA系统相比,100%~30%电负荷下减碳量从11.9 g/(kW·h)提高到85.3 g/(kW·h)。

【结论】

SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-VTSA系统可作为高效低碳燃煤热电联产的可行解决方案,在实现“双碳”目标中发挥重要作用。

S-CO2燃煤热电联产  /  高效灵活  /  减碳  /  SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-VTSA系统  /  㶲分析
[Objective]

In the context of achieving the “dual-carbon” goals in the new era, coal-fired cogeneration systems are required to be highly efficient, flexible, and low in pollution and carbon emissions.

[Methods]

To tackle these challenges, this study proposes a novel system that integrates a supercritical CO2 cycle with split-flow heating and low-temperature regeneration (SR-SCO2-CHP), an ultra-low emission (ULE) flue gas control module, and a vacuum temperature swing adsorption (VTSA) carbon capture module (denoted as the SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-VTSA system). A system using monoethanolamine (MEA) for carbon capture (SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-MEA) serves as the benchmark for comparison. A comparative exergy analysis is conducted.

[Results]

The results demonstrate that the proposed system achieves superior exergy efficiency across all electrical loads, because the exergy loss of the VTSA carbon capture submodule is less than one-third of that of the MEA. The exergy losses of MEA mainly occur in the absorption tower and desorption tower, which account for 80% of the total exergy losses of the carbon capture submodule. However, the exergy losses of VTSA adsorption & desorption tower and the pressure machine are relatively large, accounting for more than 60% of the total exergy losses of the carbon capture submodule. At full load, its exergy efficiency reaches 39.84%, significantly outperforming the benchmark system’s 35.16%. Furthermore, the proposed system enables effective thermo-electric decoupling through adjustments in the heat split ratio (x1) and the split ratio of CO2 turbine driving vacuum pump (x2). The exergy efficiency of the system decreases as the split ratio x1 and x2 increase under any electrical load, and the optimal split ratios of x1 and x2 increase as the electrical load decreases. At 100% electrical load, the optimal values for x1 and x2 are 0.52 and 0.14, respectively. The carbon reduction capability of the proposed system is also remarkable. Across the electrical load range from 100% to 30%, the carbon reduction increases from 11.9 g/(kW·h) to as high as 85.3 g/(kW·h), demonstrating a significant advantage over the benchmark system.

[Conclusion]

This work confirms the SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-VTSA system as a promising solution for highly efficient and low-carbon coal-fired cogeneration. It should be noted that in terms of economic performance, the initial investment of the carbon capture module of the SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-VTSA system is closely related to the performance of the adsorbent material, and further optimization of the adsorbent is required to reduce equipment size and cost. Additionally, in terms of operation, its carbon capture module has a complex structure and high requirements for multi-tower operation switching, so its technical maturity needs to be further improved to promote its industrial application.

S-CO2 coal-fired cogeneration  /  high efficiency and flexibility  /  carbon reduction  /  SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-VTSA system  /  exergy analysis
周彤, 郝铭星, 李丽锋, 郝艳红. 真空变温吸附捕碳耦合分流低温回热超临界二氧化碳热电联产系统㶲分析. 热力发电, 2026 , 55 (6) : 125 -134 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202510010
Tong ZHOU, Mingxing HAO, Lifeng LI, Yanhong HAO. Exergy analysis of a supercritical carbon dioxide cogeneration system with vacuum temperature swing adsorption for carbon capture coupling split-flow low-temperature heat recovery[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2026 , 55 (6) : 125 -134 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202510010
我国是世界最大的煤炭生产及消费国,近年来60%的煤炭用于燃煤发电,截至2024年底全国火电装机容量占比43.14%[1],燃煤发电在一段时期内仍占据我国发电行业的主导地位。2021年,国家发展改革委、国家能源局发布的《关于开展全国煤电机组改造升级的通知》中提出了“三改联动”[2],其中供热改造体现了热电联产的节能环保等优势[3]。但该系统存在“以热定电”的问题,不满足“双碳”目标下不稳定的可再生能源装机大量并网带来的煤电机组需具备热电解耦及灵活运行能力的要求。
传统燃煤电厂采用蒸汽朗肯循环,受高温耐热材料等因素制约[4],进一步提升循环效率面临极大困难。超临界二氧化碳(S-CO2)动力循环以处于超临界状态的CO2作为循环工质,其在550 ℃以上的循环效率高于蒸汽循环效率[5],并且具有灵活、紧凑、低成本等优势[6]。众多研究者从多角度探索了S-CO2循环布局,其中一次再热分流再压缩构型因具有高效率[7]等优点成为首选。Sun等人[8]比较了有、无预冷器的S-CO2燃煤热电联产系统,提出了由再压缩-间冷、高压抽汽加热和再热集成的高效系统构型,其能量效率和㶲效率分别达到73.9%和40.8%;Chen等人[9]基于再压缩、回热布局将S-CO2循环用于燃煤热电联产系统,以㶲效率最大为目标优化设计参数,优化后系统㶲效率达到46.24%。研究证明将S-CO2循环用于燃煤热电联产系统具有良好的应用前景[10]
燃煤电厂是最大的CO2集中排放源[11],因而S-CO2燃煤热电联产系统在满足烟气污染物超低排放要求[12]的同时,也应满足大规模降碳要求。燃烧后碳捕集技术是一种高效碳减排方法,主要包括吸收法和吸附法[13]。当前,吸收法以工业示范最广的单乙醇胺为代表,捕集率在90%以上[14],存在解吸能耗(3.5~4.5 MJ/(kg CO2[15])较高、溶剂有腐蚀性会对设备造成损耗的问题[16],而吸附法具有流程简单、吸附再生程度高的优势[17],根据吸附剂再生驱动力的不同[18]主要分为变压吸附和变温吸附两大类。两类吸附工艺均存在一定缺陷:变压吸附技术吸附容量低、所需吸附剂量大;变温吸附技术循环周期较长,能耗偏高。将变压与变温耦合的吸附方法具有吸附剂再生条件温和、吸附床再生程度高、能耗低的优点[19]。江南、王璐等[20-22]研究了变压吸附与变温吸附结合形成的真空变温吸附工艺。江南等[20-21]以沸石13X为吸附剂,发现其捕集率高且能耗低;王璐等[22]对采用沸石13X-APG的变压吸附、变温吸附和真空变温吸附捕碳工艺进行了对比,结果表明真空变温吸附工艺CO2捕集率为93.6%,与变压吸附、变温吸附相比,真空变温吸附工艺的再生条件更温和,同时能耗显著降低。由此可见,真空变温吸附技术用于捕碳性能优良。
基于以上分析,本文针对S-CO2燃煤热电联产系统存在的热电解耦困难以及动力循环与捕碳子模块的系统集成问题,以团队前期提出的一种分流供热与低温回热S-CO2燃煤热电联产(SR-SCO2-CHP)系统[23]为循环子系统,与超低排放(ultra-low emission,ULE)和真空变温吸附(vacuum temperature swing adsorption,VTSA)捕碳耦合,集成带真空变温吸附捕碳的超低排放分流供热与低温回热S-CO2燃煤热电联产(SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-VTSA)系统,并以带单乙醇胺捕碳的超低排放分流供热与低温回热S-CO2燃煤热电联产(SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-MEA)系统为对照,进行㶲性能的对比分析,以期对捕碳超低排放S-CO2燃煤热电联产技术的发展提供参考。
SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-VTSA系统包含SR-SCO2-CHP子系统和烟气污染控制子系统,其中:SR-SCO2-CHP子系统又包含锅炉子模块和S-CO2循环子模块两部分;烟气污染控制子系统由选择性催化还原(selective catalytic reduction,SCR)脱硝装置、静电除尘(electrostatic precipitator,ESP)装置和石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫(wet flue gas desulfurization,WFGD)装置组成的超低排放子模块与VTSA捕碳子模块构成,如图1所示。该热电联产系统的供热体现在流股6-1流入热网加热器,对热网回水进行加热,定义流股6-1流量与流股6流量之比为供热分流比,记作x1
SR-SCO2-CHP子系统流程如下。吸收锅炉各受热面热量后,S-CO2流入高压透平膨胀做功,之后返回锅炉再热,再热后流入低压透平膨胀做功,驱动发电机发电。低压透平出口的S-CO2流经高温回热器,出口S-CO2分流:流股5-1流入CO2涡轮机做功驱动真空泵,定义流股5-1流量与流股5流量之比为CO2涡轮机分流比,记作x2;流股5-2流入中温回热器加热冷侧S-CO2。随后流股5-1和5-2混合再分流:流股6-1流入热网加热器,加热热网回水;流股6-2流入低温回热器,加热主压缩机出口工质。放热后的两部分S-CO2混合,然后再分流:流股8通过预冷器放热经主压缩机加压,之后S-CO2依次流入低温回热器和中温回热器吸收热量;流股9直接流入再压缩机进行压缩处理。再压缩机出口与中温回热器冷侧出口S-CO2混合后再分流:流股17流入高温回热器吸热;流股16流入锅炉尾部省煤器中吸收烟气余热。之后两者混合为流股20再次通过锅炉各受热面,完成整个热力循环过程。
烟气污染控制子系统流程为:烟气经过SCR装置进行脱硝处理后进入第一空气预热器(空预器),降温后分流,一路烟气进入真空变温吸附捕碳子模块中升温解吸CO2,另一路烟气进入第二空预器预热空气;两股烟气汇合后,再依次进入静电除尘器除尘、湿法脱硫装置脱硫、脱水装置以及加压装置,最后进入真空变温吸附捕碳子模块进行碳捕集。真空变温吸附捕碳子模块依次进行如下6个步骤:
1)加压 吸附压力为200 kPa;
2)吸附 N2/CO2混合物进入吸附塔,CO2被吸附剂13X沸石分子筛吸附;
3)升温 来自APH1出口的烟气加热吸附塔至80~140 ℃;
4)抽真空 CO2涡轮机PGT膨胀做功驱动真空泵VP抽真空至解吸压力10 kPa;
5)吹扫 N2逆流吹扫吸附塔;
6)冷却 冷却至吸附温度,开始新的循环。
采用Aspen Adsorption软件对真空变温吸附捕碳子模块进行仿真模拟,相关参数如表1所示。设置吸附剂为13X沸石分子筛,其捕集率为90%。CO2涡轮机使用Compr模块,真空变温吸附捕碳装置物流参数采用User2用户模型将其输入Aspen Plus模拟流程中,物性方法选择PR-BM计算模型。
将耦合单乙醇胺捕碳子模块形成的SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-MEA系统作为对照,如图2所示。该系统与SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-VTSA系统的不同之处在于,集成后S-CO2循环子模块流程为:高温回热器出口S-CO2分流,流股5-1流入单乙醇胺捕碳子模块解吸塔再沸器作为解吸热源;烟气污染控制子系统流程中烟气顺次流经一系列超低排放处理装置后,由脱水装置进行脱水处理后进入单乙醇胺捕碳子模块进行CO2捕集。两系统关键参数标识于图1图2中。
本研究参考环境参数为25 ℃和0.1 MPa。㶲分析过程中,所计算的㶲值由物理㶲Exph和化学㶲Exch组成,具体计算方法参考文献[24]。
煤的化学㶲表达式为:
ecoal=ΔHμ,l(1.0064+0.1519×w(H)w(C)+0.0616×w(O)w(C)+0.0429×w(N)w(C))
式中:ΔHμ,l为原煤低位发热量,kJ/kg;w(C)、w(H)、w(O)、w(N)分别为煤种收到基C、H、O、N元素的质量分数,%。
热电联产系统㶲效率表达式为:
ηex=3600(Wg+Qh(1T0T¯))1000Becoal
式中:Wg为供电负荷,kW;Qh为供热负荷,kJ/s;T0为环境温度,K;T¯为平均供热温度,K;B为煤耗量,t/h;ecoal为煤的化学㶲,kJ/kg。
设备㶲损的表达式为:
Ek,loss=Ein,kEout,k+EQ,kEW,k
式中:Ein,kEout,k分别为设备k入口、出口工质的㶲值,MW;EQ,k为设备k输入的热流㶲,MW;EW,k为设备k输出的功流㶲,MW。
其中,透平与压缩机㶲损的表达式为:
ETC,loss=Ein,TCEout,TCWTC
式中:Ein,TCEout,TC分别为膨胀机/压缩机入口、出口工质的㶲值,MW;WTC为膨胀机/压缩机的功流㶲,MW,输出为+,输入为–,其数值上等于做功量。
换热器㶲损的表达式为:
ERC,loss=(Ein,h+Ein,c)(Eout,h+Eout,c)
式中:下标h和c表示回热器热端和冷端流体。
烟气污染控制子系统㶲损的表达式为:
EFGC,loss=Ein,FGCEout,FGCWFGC+QFGC(1T0T)
以㶲效率为优化目标,建立优化模型为:
maxηex=f(x1,x2,Wg,Qh)
约束条件:
{0<x1<10.14<x2<0.37Qh=300 MW
式(8)中x2取值范围根据供热负荷保证300 MW来确定。优化时所调节的参数为分流比x1x2,利用Aspen Plus软件中的敏感性分析工具进行计算,获得最佳分流比取值。
采用山西某热电厂设计煤种,煤质分析如表2所示。采用Aspen Plus软件进行系统变工况仿真模拟。系统设计工况下的热力参数见表3[25-26],保证供热负荷为300 MW不变,设计工况即100%电负荷下系统净功(指透平总做功减去压缩机总耗功的值)为350 MW。
由于缺乏同等负荷下变工况文献数据,本文保持高低压透平入口温度、再压缩机入口压力不变,高低压透平入口压力、再压缩机入口温度与工质质量流量等参数参考文献[27]进行模拟调整,得到不同电负荷下的热力参数,见表4
由于S-CO2燃煤热电联产系统尚未实现工业化应用,所以获取其实际运行参数不可行。为了验证所搭建的系统模拟流程是否准确,选取文献[25]中S-CO2再热再压缩燃煤发电系统的循环参数进行仿真模拟,结果显示,模拟系统的循环效率为49.96%,与文献报道的50.82%相比,误差为1.69%。锅炉(Boiler)换热量、预冷器(PC)放热量、主压缩机(MC)耗功等各部件能量参数的模拟结果与文献数据对比如图3所示,可见误差均在2%以内,从而证实了所构建模型的可靠性。
图4为SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE、SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-VTSA、SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-MEA三类系统在变电负荷条件下的锅炉、S-CO2循环、烟气污染控制各子模块/系统与整体系统㶲效率。由图4可见:带捕碳的两类系统SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-VTSA与SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-MEA在变电负荷条件下的系统㶲效率均小于SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE系统;在100%电负荷时,三类系统的㶲效率分别为43.70%、39.84%、35.16%;相比于SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE系统,SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-VTSA系统㶲效率仅降低了3.86百分点,而SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-MEA系统㶲效率则降低了8.54百分点。SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-VTSA系统㶲效率高于SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-MEA系统的原因在于,尽管其S-CO2循环子模块的效率偏低,但其锅炉子模块与烟气污染控制子系统的效率均高于对照系统。SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-VTSA系统S-CO2循环子模块效率偏低的原因为S-CO2循环子模块与捕碳子模块集成中进入VTSA捕碳模块驱动真空泵的CO2涡轮PGT的工质流量远低于进入MEA捕碳模块中解吸塔再沸器的工质流量,使得相同电热输出下,SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-VTSA系统S-CO2循环子模块的热耗偏大。锅炉与烟气污染控制子模块的㶲效率均为SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE系统最高,SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-VTSA系统次之,SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-MEA系统最低,增设捕碳模块后烟气污染控制子系统的㶲效率下降明显。对于S-CO2循环子模块,电负荷低于50%时,SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-MEA系统的S-CO2循环子模块效率下降缓慢,高于SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE系统。
为分析三类子模块㶲效率结果产生的原因,图5给出了锅炉、S-CO2循环、烟气污染控制各子模块/系统的㶲损。由图5可见,任一电负荷下均为SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE系统的总㶲损最小,SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-MEA系统的总㶲损最大。在100%电负荷时,SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE、SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-MEA和SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-VTSA三类系统的总㶲损分别为493.42、663.72、548.79 MW,且三类系统中均为锅炉子模块的㶲损最大,占比最高。烟气污染控制子系统的㶲损占比在三类系统中分别为1%~2%、16%~20%和7%~9%,可见增设捕碳模块MEA和VTSA对系统能耗均有影响,且VTSA产生的㶲损占比小于MEA。
为分析50%电负荷及以下,SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-MEA系统中S-CO2循环子模块㶲效率高于SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE系统的原因,图6给出了三类系统中S-CO2循环子模块各部件㶲损。由图6可见,50%及以下电负荷时,SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-MEA系统高温和中温回热器㶲损明显小于SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE系统,带来循环子模块总㶲损较小,如30%电负荷时SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-MEA系统S-CO2循环子模块总㶲损比无捕碳SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE系统小63 MW。
为了重点对两类捕碳子模块进行比较,图7给出了VTSA和MEA捕碳子模块各部件的㶲损。由图7可见:任一电负荷下VTSA子模块的㶲损仅为MEA子模块的不足1/3;MEA㶲损主要发生在吸收塔和解吸塔中,这两部分㶲损占捕碳子模块总㶲损的80%,其中解吸塔的㶲损主要是由再沸器热交换产生;VTSA吸附/解吸塔、加压机中的㶲损较大,两者占捕碳子模块总㶲损的60%以上。需要说明的是,本文VTSA捕碳子模块在满足碳捕集率为90%的条件下,由于采用了部分分流烟气作为其升温解吸的热源,其单位CO2解吸能耗仅为0.48 MJ/kg,显著低于目前研究中报道的3.71 MJ/kg[28]
对SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-VTSA系统中分流比x1x2进行㶲效率的影响分析,结果如图8所示。由图8可见,任一电负荷下,随着分流比增大系统㶲效率均减小。在100%电负荷条件下,x2增大时SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-VTSA系统的㶲效率降低了0.51%。这是因为在额定热负荷与同一电负荷下烟气量一定,捕碳子模块所需能耗一定,系统中CO2涡轮机做功一定,x2增大意味着CO2涡轮机出口工质温度升高,焓值增加,因而预冷器入口温度升高,换热温差增大,㶲损增加,致使S-CO2循环子模块㶲效率减小,系统总㶲效率随之降低。
图8还可见,100%、75%、50%与30%电负荷条件下,x1x2的最佳值分别为0.52与0.14、0.63与0.15、0.85与0.16、0.99与0.17。当电负荷从100%降到30%时,x1从0.52升高到0.99,这是因为电负荷降低S-CO2工质总流量减小,为保证供热负荷,分流进入热网加热器的工质比例需增大。x2最佳值随着电负荷的减小而增大,这是因为保证供热负荷一定的情况下,随着电负荷的减小,烟气量减小,捕碳子模块所需能耗降低,因而驱动捕碳装置CO2涡轮机的S-CO2流量也减小,系统总的S-CO2流量随着电负荷的减小也减小,但烟气量减小的幅度为41.68%,小于系统总的S-CO2流量减小幅度47.38%,因此最佳分流比增大。
不同电负荷下SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE、SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-VTSA、SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-MEA系统的CO2排放量如表5所示。由表5可见,增设捕碳子模块后CO2排放量显著减少,其中,100%电负荷下SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-VTSA系统的CO2排放量减少了753.5 g/(kW·h)。任一电负荷下,SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-VTSA系统的CO2排放量最低,与SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-MEA系统相比,100%电负荷下减碳量为11.9 g/(kW·h),30%电负荷下减碳量高达85.3 g/(kW·h)。随着电负荷降低,SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-VTSA系统相较于SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-MEA系统减碳量增加是因为两类系统㶲效率随着负荷减小差值增大,100%负荷下,SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-VTSA系统㶲效率比SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-MEA系统高4.68百分点,30%负荷下则高出5.25百分点。
为实现燃煤热电联产系统高效、灵活、减污降碳的需求,本文提出了一种SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-VTSA系统,并以SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-MEA系统为对照进行了㶲分析,得出如下结论。
1)任一电负荷下,SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-VTSA系统的㶲效率均高于SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-MEA系统。100%电负荷时,SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-VTSA系统的㶲效率为39.84%,高于对照系统的35.16%,原因在于任一电负荷下VTSA捕碳子模块的㶲损仅为MEA的不足1/3。MEA㶲损主要发生在吸收塔和解吸塔中,这两部分㶲损占捕碳子模块总㶲损的80%;VTSA吸附/解吸塔、加压机中的㶲损较大,两者占捕碳子模块总㶲损的60%以上。
2)SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-VTSA系统可通过供热分流比x1与CO2涡轮机分流比x2的匹配实现热电解耦。任一电负荷下,随着分流比x1x2的增大,系统㶲效率减小。x1x2的最佳值随着电负荷的减小而增大,100%、75%、50%与30%电负荷条件下,其值分别为0.52与0.14、0.63与0.15、0.85与0.16、0.99与0.17。
3)SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-VTSA系统的减碳量显著,与SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-MEA系统相比,100%电负荷下减碳量为11.9 g/(kW·h),30%电负荷下高达85.3 g/(kW·h)。
4)尽管SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-VTSA系统的能源利用、减碳性能均优于SR-SCO2-CHP-ULE-MEA系统,但是:在经济性能方面,其捕碳模块初投资与吸附材料的性能密切相关,有待通过进一步优化吸附剂降低设备尺寸与成本[29];在运行方面,其捕碳采用变温变压相结合,且与S-CO2循环相集成,系统灵活性很高,但捕碳模块结构复杂、多塔运行切换要求高,因此需进一步提高其技术成熟度,以推动工业化应用。
  • 山西省基础研究计划资助项目(202303021221077)
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2026年第55卷第6期
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doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202510010
  • 接收时间:2025-10-10
  • 首发时间:2026-08-14
  • 出版时间:2026-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-10-10
  • 修回日期:2025-11-09
  • 录用日期:2025-11-18
基金
Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(202303021221077)
山西省基础研究计划资助项目(202303021221077)
作者信息
    1.山西大学资源与环境工程研究所,山西 太原 030006
    2.中煤华晋集团有限公司王家岭选煤厂,山西 运城 043300
    3.山西河坡发电有限责任公司,山西 阳泉 045011
    4.山西国际能源裕光煤电有限责任公司,山西 阳泉 045011
    5.山西大学环境与资源学院,山西 太原 030006

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郝艳红(1973),女,博士,教授,主要研究方向为先进能源系统的评价优化,
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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