Article(id=1295064930114363653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1295064874678252123, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19666/j.rlfd.202507120, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1752681600000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-17, revisedDate=1753804800000, revisedDateStr=2025-07-30, acceptedDate=1754496000000, acceptedDateStr=2025-08-07, onlineDate=1786697140481, onlineDateStr=2026-08-14, pubDate=1774368000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1786697140481, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-08-14, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1786697140481, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1786697140481, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1295064874678252123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, year='2026', volume='55', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='184', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1774368000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1786697127264, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1786698874628, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1295072203708592834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1295064874678252123, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1295072203708592835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1295064874678252123, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=165, endPage=175, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1295064930319884550, articleId=1295064930114363653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=EN, title=A new solar-coal hybrid power generation system based on low-temperature solar-driven waste heat recovery, columnId=1295064897772086250, journalTitle=Thermal Power Generation, columnName=New power generation technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
[Objective]

To solve the two core problems of solar-coal hybrid power generation, namely the high cost of solar collectors and the low solar conversion efficiency, a novel low-cost and efficient solar-coal hybrid power generation system was proposed.

[Methods]

In this new system, by using low-temperature evacuated tube solar energy to drive the waste heat recovery, the cost of solar collectors can be reduced significantly and solar amplified utilization is achieved. The performance of the new system was revealed by simulation, thermodynamic analysis, and economic analysis.

[Results]

Based on a typical 600 MW unit, the new system exhibited a solar-to-electricity efficiency of 32.68% via the novel mode of evacuated tube solar-driven waste heat recovery. The cost of solar collecting devices in the proposed system was reduced to 34.9% of that in the conventional system. The cost of solar-generated electricity was kept at 0.440 yuan/(kW·h). [Conclusions] The thermal and economic performance of the proposed system was significantly improved compared with that of the conventional one, and the key problems in the field of solar-coal hybrid power generation have been solved.

, authors=Yu HAN1, 2, Xue YAN1, 2, Yingying SUN1, 2, Junjie WU1, 2, authorsList=Yu HAN, Xue YAN, Yingying SUN, Junjie WU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1295064932295401755, articleId=1295064930114363653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=CN, title=基于低温光热驱动余热利用的新型光煤互补发电系统, columnId=1295064897931469804, journalTitle=热力发电, columnName=新型发电技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
【目的】

为解决光煤互补发电领域集热成本偏高、太阳能转换效率偏低的2个核心问题,提出新型低成本高效光煤互补发电系统。

【方法】

新系统采用低温真空管太阳能驱动余热利用的模式,大幅降低集热成本,并实现太阳能的放大利用。通过仿真模拟、热力学分析以及经济性分析,揭示了新系统的性能。

【结果】

基于典型600 MW机组,新系统通过创新的真空管太阳能驱动余热利用模式,能够实现32.68%的光电转换效率,大幅降低太阳能集热设备成本至常规系统的34.9%,将太阳能发电成本控制在0.440元/(kW·h)。【结论】与常规系统相比,新系统的热力性能与经济性能有了大幅提升,解决了光煤互补发电领域的核心问题。

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韩宇(1990),男,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为太阳能耦合燃煤发电技术,

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Applied Thermal Engineering, 2021, 183:116140., articleTitle=Performance analysis of 200 MW solar coal hybrid power generation system for transitioning to a low carbon energy future, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1295064937433424235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064930114363653, awardId=null, language=EN, fundingSource=“Qinglan Project” of Jiangsu Universities, fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1295064937496338796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064930114363653, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=江苏高校“青蓝工程”项目, fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1295064932530282780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064930114363653, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1295064932538671389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064930114363653, companyId=1295064932530282780, language=EN, 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new systems, figureFileSmall=98cRQqZ/NsOYiEYmP8W4eg==, figureFileBig=IJQC2pCdX3FgEk5XCOQngA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295064935822811477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064930114363653, language=CN, label=图10, caption=常规系统与新系统年度太阳能发电量, figureFileSmall=98cRQqZ/NsOYiEYmP8W4eg==, figureFileBig=IJQC2pCdX3FgEk5XCOQngA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295064935889920342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064930114363653, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Parameters of the boiler in case unit

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数数值参数数值
煤发热量/(MJ·kg–121.41主蒸汽/再热蒸汽压力/MPa24.20/3.23
煤消耗量/(kg·s–163.0过量空气系数1.2
煤含碳量/%56.26空气预热器入口/出口烟气温度/℃360.0/128.0
主蒸汽/再热蒸汽温度/℃566.0/566.0空气预热器入口/出口空气温度/℃25.0/332.0
), ArticleFig(id=1295064935973806423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064930114363653, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

案例机组锅炉参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数数值参数数值
煤发热量/(MJ·kg–121.41主蒸汽/再热蒸汽压力/MPa24.20/3.23
煤消耗量/(kg·s–163.0过量空气系数1.2
煤含碳量/%56.26空气预热器入口/出口烟气温度/℃360.0/128.0
主蒸汽/再热蒸汽温度/℃566.0/566.0空气预热器入口/出口空气温度/℃25.0/332.0
), ArticleFig(id=1295064936045109592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064930114363653, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Parameters of the regenerative system in case unit

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
回热加热器(1号—8号)1号2号3号4号5号6号7号8号
汽轮机抽汽温度/℃349.8290.7500.7397.2282.8150.791.462.1
汽轮机抽汽压力/MPa6.013.782.151.060.430.120.060.02
汽轮机抽汽量/(kg·s–133.129.218.921.924.010.813.212.3
出口水温度/℃275.4247.1214.5185.2141.6100.581.858.2
出口水压力/MPa30.6530.6630.6730.680.991.001.011.02
出口水流量/(kg·s–1459.0459.0459.0459.0355.9355.9355.9355.9
疏水温度/℃273.7245.2214.5144.4103.384.661.0
), ArticleFig(id=1295064936124801369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064930114363653, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

案例机组回热系统参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
回热加热器(1号—8号)1号2号3号4号5号6号7号8号
汽轮机抽汽温度/℃349.8290.7500.7397.2282.8150.791.462.1
汽轮机抽汽压力/MPa6.013.782.151.060.430.120.060.02
汽轮机抽汽量/(kg·s–133.129.218.921.924.010.813.212.3
出口水温度/℃275.4247.1214.5185.2141.6100.581.858.2
出口水压力/MPa30.6530.6630.6730.680.991.001.011.02
出口水流量/(kg·s–1459.0459.0459.0459.0355.9355.9355.9355.9
疏水温度/℃273.7245.2214.5144.4103.384.661.0
), ArticleFig(id=1295064936204493146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064930114363653, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Design parameters of the core devices of two systems

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系统参数数值
新系统真空管集热器进/出口工质温度/℃100/150
吸收式热泵进/出口媒介水温度/℃50/80
吸收式热泵系数[15]1.7
真空管集热器面积/m230 000
常规系统槽式集热器进/出口工质温度/℃210/300
槽式集热器面积/m230 000
), ArticleFig(id=1295064936288379227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064930114363653, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

系统核心设备设计参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
系统参数数值
新系统真空管集热器进/出口工质温度/℃100/150
吸收式热泵进/出口媒介水温度/℃50/80
吸收式热泵系数[15]1.7
真空管集热器面积/m230 000
常规系统槽式集热器进/出口工质温度/℃210/300
槽式集热器面积/m230 000
), ArticleFig(id=1295064936359682396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064930114363653, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Model and parameters of the devices

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
设备模型
锅炉采用带有再热循环的锅炉模型,输入参数来自案例机组锅炉参数(表1
汽轮机采用透平模型,抽汽参数来自案例机组回热系统参数(表2),排汽压力为5.8 kPa
回热加热器采用给水加热器模型,端差为–1.7~2.8 ℃,抽汽压降为3%~ 5%
凝汽器采用凝汽器模型,端差6 ℃,循环冷却水入口温度25 ℃,压力0.1 MPa
真空管集热器采用能量输入模型,具体能量输入参数由3.2章节公式计算得出
槽式集热器采用能量输入模型,模拟为图7给水加热器的能量输入,具体能量输入参数由3.2章节公式计算得出
吸收式热泵采用能量输入模型,模拟为低温空气预热器的能量输入,具体能量输入参数由3.2章节公式计算得出
给水加热器采用换热器模型,水与烟气参数来自案例机组参数,导热油参数基于合理设计
空气预热器采用空气预热器模型,工质参数来自案例机组参数及合理设计
), ArticleFig(id=1295064936422596957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064930114363653, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

设备模型与参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
设备模型
锅炉采用带有再热循环的锅炉模型,输入参数来自案例机组锅炉参数(表1
汽轮机采用透平模型,抽汽参数来自案例机组回热系统参数(表2),排汽压力为5.8 kPa
回热加热器采用给水加热器模型,端差为–1.7~2.8 ℃,抽汽压降为3%~ 5%
凝汽器采用凝汽器模型,端差6 ℃,循环冷却水入口温度25 ℃,压力0.1 MPa
真空管集热器采用能量输入模型,具体能量输入参数由3.2章节公式计算得出
槽式集热器采用能量输入模型,模拟为图7给水加热器的能量输入,具体能量输入参数由3.2章节公式计算得出
吸收式热泵采用能量输入模型,模拟为低温空气预热器的能量输入,具体能量输入参数由3.2章节公式计算得出
给水加热器采用换热器模型,水与烟气参数来自案例机组参数,导热油参数基于合理设计
空气预热器采用空气预热器模型,工质参数来自案例机组参数及合理设计
), ArticleFig(id=1295064936498094430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064930114363653, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Parameters of the reference devices

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参考设备设备投资/万元设备规模参数缩放因子
真空管集热器[18]5 694集热面积70 000 m20.90
槽式集热器[22]38 717集热面积183 000 m20.90
吸收式热泵[15]3 816产出能量62.0 MW0.90
常规空气预热器[24]4 247换热面积339 454 m20.68
低温空气预热器[25]576换热面积8 372 m20.68
给水加热器[22]461换热面积13 149 m20.68
), ArticleFig(id=1295064936561008991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064930114363653, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

参考设备参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参考设备设备投资/万元设备规模参数缩放因子
真空管集热器[18]5 694集热面积70 000 m20.90
槽式集热器[22]38 717集热面积183 000 m20.90
吸收式热泵[15]3 816产出能量62.0 MW0.90
常规空气预热器[24]4 247换热面积339 454 m20.68
低温空气预热器[25]576换热面积8 372 m20.68
给水加热器[22]461换热面积13 149 m20.68
), ArticleFig(id=1295064936636506464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064930114363653, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

Thermal parameters of the core devices

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
设备热源进/出口温度/℃冷源进/出口温度/℃热源/冷源工质流量/(kg·s–1换热量/MW换热面积/m2
高温空气预热器360.0/210.0168.3/332.0509.6/519.079.58204 288
中温空气预热器210.0/128.058.9/168.3623.1/519.053.1988 190
低温空气预热器80.0/50.025.0/58.9141.1/519.017.7212 950
给水加热器(新系统)360.0/210.0185.2/275.4113.5/43.617.7212 423
给水加热器(常规系统)300.0/210.0185.2/275.445.1/22.49.111 687
), ArticleFig(id=1295064936712003937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064930114363653, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

核心设备热力参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
设备热源进/出口温度/℃冷源进/出口温度/℃热源/冷源工质流量/(kg·s–1换热量/MW换热面积/m2
高温空气预热器360.0/210.0168.3/332.0509.6/519.079.58204 288
中温空气预热器210.0/128.058.9/168.3623.1/519.053.1988 190
低温空气预热器80.0/50.025.0/58.9141.1/519.017.7212 950
给水加热器(新系统)360.0/210.0185.2/275.4113.5/43.617.7212 423
给水加热器(常规系统)300.0/210.0185.2/275.445.1/22.49.111 687
), ArticleFig(id=1295064936804278626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064930114363653, language=EN, label=Tab.7, caption=

Thermal performance of the two systems under designed condition

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参数原机组常规系统新系统
集热器面积/m230 00030 000
太阳辐射/集热量/MW15.18/9.1120.44/10.42
热泵回收乏汽流量/(kg·s–13.3
热泵回收余热量/MW7.30
热泵产出热量/MW17.72
系统总发电量/MW600.00603.44606.68
系统太阳能发电量/MW3.446.68
系统煤基热效率/%44.4744.7244.96
), ArticleFig(id=1295064936896553315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064930114363653, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

2个系统设计工况热力性能

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数原机组常规系统新系统
集热器面积/m230 00030 000
太阳辐射/集热量/MW15.18/9.1120.44/10.42
热泵回收乏汽流量/(kg·s–13.3
热泵回收余热量/MW7.30
热泵产出热量/MW17.72
系统总发电量/MW600.00603.44606.68
系统太阳能发电量/MW3.446.68
系统煤基热效率/%44.4744.7244.96
), ArticleFig(id=1295064936976245092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064930114363653, language=EN, label=Tab.8, caption=

Annual thermal performance

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参数原机组常规系统新系统
太阳辐射/集热量/(GW·h)39.79/23.8354.15/27.44
太阳能发电量/(GW·h)8.9917.59
煤基热效率/%44.4744.7244.96
光电转换效率/%22.5832.48
单位电量CO2排放/(t·(GW·h)–1780.0775.70771.60
), ArticleFig(id=1295064937043353957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064930114363653, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

年度热力性能

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参数原机组常规系统新系统
太阳辐射/集热量/(GW·h)39.79/23.8354.15/27.44
太阳能发电量/(GW·h)8.9917.59
煤基热效率/%44.4744.7244.96
光电转换效率/%22.5832.48
单位电量CO2排放/(t·(GW·h)–1780.0775.70771.60
), ArticleFig(id=1295064937123045734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064930114363653, language=EN, label=Tab.9, caption=

Investments of the devices

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设备常规系统新系统
太阳能集热设备7 6052 656
空气预热新增投资2 275
吸收式热泵1 236
给水加热器114444
总设备投资7 7196 611
), ArticleFig(id=1295064937194348903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064930114363653, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

设备投资

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设备常规系统新系统
太阳能集热设备7 6052 656
空气预热新增投资2 275
吸收式热泵1 236
给水加热器114444
总设备投资7 7196 611
), ArticleFig(id=1295064937257263464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064930114363653, language=EN, label=Tab.10, caption=

Economic indicators of the systems

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参数常规系统新系统
系统总投资/万元7 7196 611
安装建造费用/万元1 158992
年运行维护费用/万元11699
年化总成本/万元904774
年太阳能发电量/(GW·h)8.9917.59
年太阳能发电收益/万元1 0332 023
太阳能发电成本/(元·(kW·h)–11.0060.440
年净收益/万元1291 248
投资回收期/a9.74.0
), ArticleFig(id=1295064937345343850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064930114363653, language=CN, label=表10, caption=

系统经济指标

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参数常规系统新系统
系统总投资/万元7 7196 611
安装建造费用/万元1 158992
年运行维护费用/万元11699
年化总成本/万元904774
年太阳能发电量/(GW·h)8.9917.59
年太阳能发电收益/万元1 0332 023
太阳能发电成本/(元·(kW·h)–11.0060.440
年净收益/万元1291 248
投资回收期/a9.74.0
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基于低温光热驱动余热利用的新型光煤互补发电系统
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韩宇 1, 2 , 严雪 1, 2 , 孙颖颖 1, 2 , 吴俊杰 1, 2
热力发电 | 新型发电技术 2026,55(3): 165-175
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热力发电 |新型发电技术 2026 , 55 (3) : 165 -175
基于低温光热驱动余热利用的新型光煤互补发电系统
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韩宇1, 2 , 严雪1, 2, 孙颖颖1, 2, 吴俊杰1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.南京工程学院能源与动力工程学院,江苏 南京 211167
  • 2.南京工程学院江苏省多能融合与灵活性发电技术重点实验室,江苏 南京 211167
作者简介:

韩宇(1990),男,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为太阳能耦合燃煤发电技术,

A new solar-coal hybrid power generation system based on low-temperature solar-driven waste heat recovery
Yu HAN1, 2 , Xue YAN1, 2, Yingying SUN1, 2, Junjie WU1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, China
  • 2.Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Multi-energy Integration and Flexible Power Generation Technology, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, China
出版时间: 2026-03-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202507120
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【目的】

为解决光煤互补发电领域集热成本偏高、太阳能转换效率偏低的2个核心问题,提出新型低成本高效光煤互补发电系统。

【方法】

新系统采用低温真空管太阳能驱动余热利用的模式,大幅降低集热成本,并实现太阳能的放大利用。通过仿真模拟、热力学分析以及经济性分析,揭示了新系统的性能。

【结果】

基于典型600 MW机组,新系统通过创新的真空管太阳能驱动余热利用模式,能够实现32.68%的光电转换效率,大幅降低太阳能集热设备成本至常规系统的34.9%,将太阳能发电成本控制在0.440元/(kW·h)。【结论】与常规系统相比,新系统的热力性能与经济性能有了大幅提升,解决了光煤互补发电领域的核心问题。

光煤互补发电  /  太阳能驱动余热利用  /  真空管太阳能  /  集热成本
[Objective]

To solve the two core problems of solar-coal hybrid power generation, namely the high cost of solar collectors and the low solar conversion efficiency, a novel low-cost and efficient solar-coal hybrid power generation system was proposed.

[Methods]

In this new system, by using low-temperature evacuated tube solar energy to drive the waste heat recovery, the cost of solar collectors can be reduced significantly and solar amplified utilization is achieved. The performance of the new system was revealed by simulation, thermodynamic analysis, and economic analysis.

[Results]

Based on a typical 600 MW unit, the new system exhibited a solar-to-electricity efficiency of 32.68% via the novel mode of evacuated tube solar-driven waste heat recovery. The cost of solar collecting devices in the proposed system was reduced to 34.9% of that in the conventional system. The cost of solar-generated electricity was kept at 0.440 yuan/(kW·h). [Conclusions] The thermal and economic performance of the proposed system was significantly improved compared with that of the conventional one, and the key problems in the field of solar-coal hybrid power generation have been solved.

solar-coal hybrid power generation  /  solar-driven waste heat utilization  /  evacuated tube solar energy  /  cost of solar collectors
韩宇, 严雪, 孙颖颖, 吴俊杰. 基于低温光热驱动余热利用的新型光煤互补发电系统. 热力发电, 2026 , 55 (3) : 165 -175 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202507120
Yu HAN, Xue YAN, Yingying SUN, Junjie WU. A new solar-coal hybrid power generation system based on low-temperature solar-driven waste heat recovery[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2026 , 55 (3) : 165 -175 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202507120
清洁低碳发电一直是能源领域的重要研究方向。我国总体呈现以煤为主的能源格局,作为发电行业的主体,我国燃煤机组发电量占比约60%[1]。然而,燃煤机组的污染物以及CO2排放偏高。太阳能的清洁低碳与燃煤机组的稳定能够形成良好互补,综合考虑太阳能行业的迅猛发展与我国以煤为主的能源格局,光煤互补发电成为了学术界与产业界的主流发展方向之一。目前,太阳能耦合燃煤发电系统已在我国电厂实现了工程示范[2],众多学者对其进行了深入研究。严卉等[3]对系统的核心耦合参数进行了规律性分析,获得了太阳能辐射强度、光煤热量比例、机组负荷等变量对系统可用能损失与效率的影响规律。Mofidipour等人[4]将槽式太阳能与脱碳燃煤机组进行耦合集成,在热力学第一定律与第二定律方面分别提升系统效率0.74和1.35百分点。Ding等人[5]在300 MW热电联产机组中引入槽式太阳能,在供热季与非供热季燃料消耗分别降低80.23与98.59 t/d,实现了机组良好的供热发电性能。杨晖等[6]提出采用塔槽结合的光煤互补发电模式实现高温太阳能充分利用,可将燃料消耗降低8.83 g/(kW·h)。肖艳红等[7]对空冷光煤互补发电系统进行热力学分析,获得了空冷温度对于系统背压、光电转换效率、循环热效率等核心指标的影响规律。此外,还有众多学者对光煤互补发电系统的最优方案匹配[8]、储热调峰改造[9]、太阳能梯级利用[10]、热力耦合优化[11]等方面进行了研究。
然而,常规高温太阳能耦合燃煤发电系统并未在发电领域实现大规模工程应用,主要问题为集热成本过高,经济收益偏低。值得注意的是,在建筑领域,光热技术已经实现了广泛应用,如真空管太阳能集热器,由于其低廉的价格,已占据家用热水器的极大市场份额。因此,采用技术成熟的低成本真空管集热器(约2 000元/kW[12])替代高成本槽式集热器(约6 000元/kW[13]),有望解决太阳能耦合燃煤发电领域的核心问题。
低温真空管太阳能集热器能够高效生产100~150 ℃的工质[10];吸收式热泵是成熟技术,能够被真空管太阳能产生的100~150 ℃热量驱动,通过余热回收将少量太阳能转换为大量的50~90 ℃低温热能[14];燃煤机组凝汽器中存在大量余热,可被太阳能热泵回收;热泵产出的50~90 ℃低温热能与燃煤机组的助燃空气(25 ℃空气)温区匹配,能够实现良好的换热效果。综合上述分析,采用真空管太阳能驱动余热利用的新型太阳能耦合燃煤发电模式,一方面有望解决集热器高成本的核心问题;另一方面实现了太阳能的“放大利用”,有望解决太阳能光电转换效率偏低的问题。
本文提出基于低温光热驱动余热利用的新型太阳能耦合燃煤发电系统,能够实现太阳能的“放大利用”与低成本发电,并对新系统进行了仿真模拟,且在此基础上进行了热力学与经济性分析,揭示了新系统的优势,旨在解决光煤互补发电中成本过高与转换效率偏低的核心问题。
常规太阳能耦合燃煤发电系统的特征如图1所示。常规系统采用高温槽式集热器产出300~400 ℃导热油,通过加热高温锅炉给水的方式与燃煤机组热力循环耦合集成。从图1可以看出,常规系统的2个核心问题,限制了其在工程中的大规模应用。首先,高温槽式集热器的成本约为6 000元/kW[13],高昂的集热成本使得常规系统的经济效益不足;其次,常规系统也存在太阳能转换效率偏低的工程限制,其光电转换效率为15%~25%[5],远低于燃煤机组的效率。
采用低温真空管太阳能驱动余热利用有望解决常规系统上述2个核心问题,其思路如图2所示。从图2可以看出:低温真空管集热器成本仅约为2 000元/kW[12],采用真空管集热器替代高温槽式集热器能够显著降低太阳能耦合燃煤发电系统的成本;此外,真空管集热器能够产生100~150 ℃热量来驱动吸收式热泵,通过高效回收余热的形式,将太阳能转换为大量50~90 ℃低品位热能,实现太阳能的“放大利用”,有效提升太阳能转换效率。然而,真空管太阳能驱动余热利用的新模式存在如何实现大量低品位热能与燃煤机组高效耦合集成的问题。
通过上述分析,低温真空管太阳能驱动余热利用的新模式能够同时降低集热成本并实现高效光热转换。然而,太阳能虽能够通过驱动余热利用的形式高效转换成为大量热能,但其产出的热能品位较低。将热泵与燃煤机组空气预热过程进行耦合集成,可实现低品位能量的能级提升与高效利用。图3为某典型燃煤机组空气预热过程,其中烟气放热温区为360~128 ℃,空气吸热温区为25~332 ℃。图4给出了真空管太阳能热泵与空气预热耦合的设计思路。从图4可以看出:1)真空管太阳能的应用能够显著降低系统的集热成本;2)吸收式热泵显著提升了太阳能的能量利用效率,将少量太阳能转换为大量低品位热能;3)低品位热能通过预热空气节省出原高温烟气热源,所节省的360 ℃烟气与常规系统中槽式太阳能温度相近,同样可通过加热高温锅炉给水的方式与燃煤机组耦合集成。
综合来看,新型耦合模式与常规系统在节能原理相同(加热高温锅炉给水)的基础上,一方面用低温真空管太阳能替代了高成本的槽式太阳能;另一方面通过太阳能“放大利用”,显著提升了所加热的高温给水量,有效解决了常规系统中集热成本过高和太阳能转换效率偏低2个核心问题。
综合上述分析,真空管太阳能、吸收式热泵、空气预热过程的耦合集成形成了新型光煤互补发电系统,其设计思路如图5所示。从图5可以看出:真空管太阳能被用来驱动吸收式热泵,回收燃煤机组凝汽器余热,产出大量低品位热能;所产出的低温热能通过预热冷空气节省了原始高温烟气;节省的高温烟气用来加热锅炉给水,节省汽轮机抽汽,增加汽轮机发电功率,提升系统性能。
选用典型600 MW机组作为案例,对新系统进行研究,案例机组锅炉参数与回热系统参数见表1表2
为了实现光煤互补发电,新系统在案例燃煤机组的基础上,新增真空管太阳能集热器、吸收式热泵,以及若干换热器,其工作原理如图6所示。新系统布置真空管太阳能集热器生成150 ℃媒介工质,送入吸收式热泵作为驱动热源;凝汽器汽侧入口的部分乏汽(35.5 ℃蒸汽)被抽取出来,送入热泵进行余热回收,放热后凝结为疏水(35.5 ℃饱和水),返回至凝汽器疏水入口;热泵产出的80 ℃媒介水用以预热冷空气。为了实现太阳能热泵低品位能量的能级提升利用,新系统将空气预热分为3段,引入的太阳能热泵能量在低温空气预热器中放热,节省部分原360 ℃高温烟气,加热高压回热加热器中的锅炉给水,节省的烟气加热锅炉给水后返回空气预热流程,与主流烟气汇合,在中温空气预热器中放热。选取常规太阳能耦合燃煤发电系统为参比系统,流程如图7所示。2个系统在汽水热力循环处的集成方式相同,均采用热源加热高压回热加热器中的锅炉给水。
在太阳能工况方面,选取西宁地区全年太阳能直射辐射与水平面总辐射数据作为系统全年运行工况(图8)。选取10月1日14:00这一典型时刻的太阳能数据(直射辐射606 W/m2,水平面总辐射564 W/m2)作为系统的设计工况。系统核心设备设计参数见表3
采用Ebsilon软件模拟是光煤互补发电系统的主流研究方法之一[16]。采用Ebsilon软件对系统进行模拟,系统各设备模型[17]及其参数如表4所示。
新系统中真空管集热器接收的太阳辐射能量Izkg由倾斜面直射Iz辐射、散射Is辐射、反射If辐射3部分构成,分别由下列公式计算[18]
Iz=WDNI(sinδsinφcosβsinδcosφsinβ+cosδcosφcosβcosω+cosδsinφsinβcosω)
Is=1+cosβ2(WGHIWDNIcosθz)
If=ρ1cosβ2WGHI
式中:WDNIWGHI为直射辐射和水平面总辐射;φβ分别为当地纬度36.6°和集热器倾斜角41.6°;δωθz分别为赤纬角、时角以及天顶角,具体计算方法可由文献[12]获得。
常规系统中,槽式集热器接收太阳能辐射量Ics等于直射辐射WDNI与入射角θ的乘积,槽式集热器的入射角θ可表示为[19]
cosθ=cos2θz+cos2δsin2ω
真空管[20]与槽式[21]太阳能的光热转换效率可由相应典型集热器的工程测试公式计算:
ηzkg=[0.77191.3047(ΔTIzkg)0.0048(ΔT2Izkg)]100%
ηcs=[0.6550.15(ΔTIcs)]100%
式中:ηzkg为真空管太阳能光热转换效率;ηcs为槽式太阳能光热转换效率;ΔT为集热器与环境的温差。
新系统中,真空管太阳能用于驱动吸收式热泵,其输出热量Q与真空管太阳能和热泵系数ηCOP有关,可通过如下公式计算:
Q=IzkgAηzkgηCOP
式中:A为集热器面积。
太阳能发电成本 CCOEs[11]与年增加净收益NNAR[22]是评价发电系统的主要经济性指标,可通过下列公式计算:
CCOEs=(cz+ca)CCRF+cyGs
NNAR=Gsp(cz+ca)CCRFcy
式中:CCRF为回收因子;cz为系统设备总投资,可由规模因子法[23]计算获得,其中参考设备参数如表5所示;cacy分别为安装建造(总设备投资的15%[18])与运行维护投资(总设备投资的1.5%[26]);Gs为太阳能发电量;p为太阳能热发电电价(1.15元/(kW·h)[12])。
回收因子CCRF可表示为[27]
CCRF=(1+i)ni(1+i)n1
式中:in分别为折现率8%[8]与系统运行年限30年[13]
投资回收期PPP可通过下列公式获得[18]
PPP=(cz+ca)/(pGscy)
表6给出了2个系统中核心换热器的热力参数。从表6可以看出:1)新系统通过太阳能驱动热泵的形式,产出大量热量(17.72 MW)进入低温空气预热器,将冷空气从25.0℃预热至58.9 ℃;2)由于新系统空气预热过程的额外能量输入,相同能量的原始热源(360 ℃高温烟气,17.72 MW热量)被节省出来,用于加热43.6 kg/s的锅炉给水,实现系统性能提升;3)常规系统中的太阳能并未驱动热泵,仅能够提供少量热量(9.11 MW)来加热22.4 kg/s的锅炉给水。总体来看,新系统通过太阳能驱动热泵耦合空气预热的创新模式,实现了太阳能的放大利用,显著提升了给水加热器的换热量。
表7对比了2个系统设计工况下的热力性能。首先,在相同的集热面积下,新系统的非聚光集热模式能够利用散射和反射辐射接收的太阳辐射(20.44 MW)远高于常规系统(15.18 MW);新系统所收集的太阳能热量用于驱动热泵,回收3.3 kg/s的汽轮机乏汽,有效回收蒸汽余热7.30 MW;新系统太阳能发电量达到6.68 MW,比常规系统(3.44 MW)高出94%。总体来看,新系统优秀的热力性能来源于:1)非聚光真空管集热器带来的太阳辐射高效收集;2)创新耦合集成模式带来的太阳能放大利用。
2个系统的太阳能转换过程如图9所示。常规系统通过槽式集热器收集太阳直射辐射,将生成热能直接以加热锅炉给水形式输入热力循环发电,能够实现60.02%的光热转换效率与22.63%的光电转换效率。新系统采用真空管集热器收集太阳总辐射,将1 MW太阳辐射转换为0.509 9 MW的热泵驱动热能,通过耦合余热利用与空气预热产出0.866 9 MW的热量输入热力循环发电。从热力循环作为热量接收终端的角度来看,新系统通过创新的太阳能放大利用模式,实现了86.69%的光热转换效率,大幅突破了现有集热技术的效率瓶颈。新系统总体上能够实现32.68%的光电转换效率,达到常规系统的1.4倍。新系统的太阳能放大利用模式能够在光煤互补发电领域中,为光热转换效率(以热力循环作为热量接收终端)的大幅突破提供创新思路。
表8给出了系统的年度热力性能,年度太阳能发电量如图10所示。新系统基于非聚光集热技术,能够高效接收太阳散射与反射辐射,全年接收54.15 GW·h的太阳辐射,显著优于常规系统(39.79 GW·h);通过太阳能的高效利用与转换,新系统将接收的太阳辐射转换为17.59 GW·h的太阳能发电量,接近常规系统(8.99 GW·h)的2倍。新系统实现了32.48%的年光电转换效率,大幅领先于常规系统(22.58%)。在碳排放方面,新系统CO2排放为771.6 t/(GW·h),与常规系统相比有所降低。综合来看,新系统中创新的真空管太阳能驱动吸收式热泵模式,有望在光煤互补发电领域,解决太阳能转换效率偏低这一核心问题。
表9给出了系统的设备投资。可见,新系统采用了低成本真空管集热器,将太阳能集热设备投资控制在2 656万元,仅为常规系统的34.9%。结合增设热泵与空气预热改造,新系统总设备投资为6 611万元,与常规系统相比下降了14.4%。综合来看,采用低温真空管集热器替代常规槽式集热器,有效降低了集热设备与总设备投资,能够解决光煤互补发电系统中集热成本偏高的核心问题。
系统经济指标见表10。新系统一方面通过采用低成本集热设备,将系统的年化总成本控制在774万元,显著低于常规系统(904万元);另一方面通过太阳能放大利用模式,大幅提升太阳能发电量,实现每年2 023万元的太阳能发电收益,比常规系统高出95.8%。综合来看,新系统将太阳能发电成本控制在0.440元/(kW·h),仅为常规系统的43.7%,同时获得1 248万元的年净收益,达到常规系统的9.7倍。新系统的投资回收期仅为4.0年,比常规系统缩短了近60%,展现出良好的投资前景。新系统具有杰出的经济性能,主要来源于两方面:低成本低温太阳能集热设备的应用;基于太阳能放大利用的高效能量转换模式。
新系统将真空管太阳能热泵与空气预热过程进行耦合集成,展现出良好的热力性能与经济收益,但受到空气加热过程温度制约,系统总集热量受限,难以大规模扩展镜场。此外,新系统尚未考虑储能,基于新系统的特性,在未来的研究中可通过布置低成本储热装置,即低温热水罐,进一步扩大新系统的优势。
为了解决光煤互补发电领域中集热成本偏高、太阳能转换效率偏低的2个核心问题,提出应用低温真空管太阳能驱动热泵的能量利用模式,实现太阳能的低成本协同高效利用,形成新型光煤互补发电系统。对新系统进行了仿真模拟、热力学分析与经济性分析,具体结论如下。
1)应用低温真空管太阳能替代常规槽式太阳能能够显著降低集热成本,通过真空管太阳能驱动热泵耦合空气预热的创新能量利用模式,能够实现太阳能的放大与能级提升利用,为光煤互补领域集热成本偏高、太阳能转换效率偏低2个核心问题提供了解决方案。
2)在热力性能方面,新系统基于典型600 MW机组,其太阳能发电量达到6.68 MW,比常规系统高出94%,同时实现32.68%的光电转换效率,达到常规系统的1.4倍,体现出良好的热力性能。
3)在经济性能方面,低温真空管集热器的应用显著降低了新系统的集热设备投资,仅为常规系统的34.9%。基于低集热成本与高太阳能转换效率,新系统将太阳能发电成本控制在0.440元/(kW·h),仅为常规系统的43.7%,同时获得1 248万元的年净收益,达到常规系统的9.7倍,展现出杰出的经济性能。
  • 江苏高校“青蓝工程”项目
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2026年第55卷第3期
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doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202507120
  • 接收时间:2025-07-17
  • 首发时间:2026-08-14
  • 出版时间:2026-03-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-17
  • 修回日期:2025-07-30
  • 录用日期:2025-08-07
基金
“Qinglan Project” of Jiangsu Universities
江苏高校“青蓝工程”项目
作者信息
    1.南京工程学院能源与动力工程学院,江苏 南京 211167
    2.南京工程学院江苏省多能融合与灵活性发电技术重点实验室,江苏 南京 211167
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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