Article(id=1295068074152055534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1295068001842262748, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19666/j.rlfd.202507004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1751299200000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-01, revisedDate=1762185600000, revisedDateStr=2025-11-04, acceptedDate=1763395200000, acceptedDateStr=2025-11-18, onlineDate=1786697890078, onlineDateStr=2026-08-14, pubDate=1777046400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1786697890078, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-08-14, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1786697890078, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1786697890078, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1295068001842262748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, year='2026', volume='55', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='190', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1777046400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1786697872839, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1786698854295, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1295072118417416228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1295068001842262748, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1295072118417416229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1295068001842262748, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=104, endPage=115, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1295068074361770735, articleId=1295068074152055534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=EN, title=Research on the influence of different pulverized coal particle radiation models on radiative heat transfer in a 600 MW supercritical opposed-fired boiler, columnId=1295068056598900878, journalTitle=Thermal Power Generation, columnName=Power generation techonology forum, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In pulverized coal-fired furnaces, the heat transfer process is dominated by radiation. With the increase in furnace size, the radiative contribution of pulverized coal particles becomes increasingly prominent. Notably, the burnout ratio of pulverized coal particles exerts a critical influence on their radiative properties. However, most existing numerical simulation studies tend to overlook this effect and set the particle emissivity and scattering coefficient as constants. To address this issue, this study takes a 600 MW supercritical opposed-fired boiler as the research object and employs computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to analyze the effects of three types of radiative property models on the prediction results of radiative heat transfer. These models include the constant model (emissivity and scattering coefficient remain constant), the linear model (radiative properties vary linearly with particle burnout ratio), and the Planck mean coefficient model (based on Planck mean emissivity and scattering coefficient). The results indicate that compared with the scenario where both gas and particle radiation are considered, neglecting particle radiation leads to an overestimation of the furnace peak temperature by approximately 300 K. When particle radiation is taken into account, compared with the Planck mean coefficient model, the constant model underestimates the heat transfer rate of the spiral membrane wall in the burner region by about 9% and the peak value of the average wall heat flux by 12.5%, while the linear model results in an overestimation of the peak value. These findings can provide a reference for the reasonable selection of radiative property models in the numerical simulation of pulverized coal combustion.

, authors=Dongyang ZHOU1, 2, 3, Xiaogang ZHENG2, 3, Xiao ZHANG2, 3, Bei TANG2, 3, Shengshan BI1, authorsList=Dongyang ZHOU, Xiaogang ZHENG, Xiao ZHANG, Bei TANG, Shengshan BI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiaogang ZHENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1295068078728041226, articleId=1295068074152055534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=CN, title=不同煤粉颗粒辐射模型对600 MW超临界对冲燃烧锅炉辐射传热的影响研究, columnId=1211002409581679375, journalTitle=热力发电, columnName=发电技术论坛, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

在煤粉炉中,传热过程主要以辐射为主导,且随着炉膛尺寸的增大,煤粉颗粒的辐射贡献更为显著。值得注意的是,煤粉颗粒的燃尽率对其辐射特性具有重要影响,但现有多数数值模拟研究往往忽略此效应,将颗粒发射率与散射系数设为常数。为此,以600 MW超临界对冲燃烧锅炉为研究对象,采用计算流体动力学(CFD)方法对比了三类辐射特性模型对辐射传热预测结果的影响,具体包括常数模型(发射率和散射系数恒定)、线性模型(辐射特性随颗粒燃尽率呈线性变化)、普朗克平均系数模型(基于普朗克平均发射率和散射系数)。研究结果表明:相较于同时计入气体与颗粒辐射的情况,忽略颗粒辐射会使炉膛峰值温度高估约300 K。在计入颗粒辐射的前提下,与普朗克平均系数模型相比,常数模型对燃烧器区域螺旋膜式壁传热量的估算偏低约9%,对壁面平均热流密度峰值的估算也偏低约12.5%;而线性模型则会高估该峰值。上述发现可为煤粉燃烧数值模拟中辐射特性模型的合理选取提供参考。

, authors=周东阳1, 2, 3, 郑小刚2, 3, 张骁2, 3, 唐贝2, 3, 毕胜山1, authorsList=周东阳, 郑小刚, 张骁, 唐贝, 毕胜山, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=郑小刚, authorNote=

周东阳(1979),男,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为电厂仿真技术,

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郑小刚(1979),男,高级工程师,主要研究方向为电厂仿真技术,
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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068074152055534, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Velocity and particle trajectory diagram of the furnace central cross-section, figureFileSmall=QlEjNmx11am1Ld4RdvlO/Q==, figureFileBig=ftYMPovCwo/PKWwrfLa6uQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068086227456831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068074152055534, language=CN, label=图3, caption=炉膛中心截面速度与颗粒迹线, figureFileSmall=QlEjNmx11am1Ld4RdvlO/Q==, figureFileBig=ftYMPovCwo/PKWwrfLa6uQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068086298760000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068074152055534, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Temperature distribution in the furnace central cross-section, figureFileSmall=cqqdXl20jmViimBNSEQRAQ==, figureFileBig=ek+BoXAaJStgLAbk3L2U7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068086361674561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068074152055534, language=CN, label=图4, caption=炉膛中心截面温度分布, figureFileSmall=cqqdXl20jmViimBNSEQRAQ==, figureFileBig=ek+BoXAaJStgLAbk3L2U7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068086432977730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068074152055534, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Temperature distributions in the overfire air cross-section (left) and the middle-layer burner cross-section (right), figureFileSmall=dO7d/rMx0PSemuLjR/XgTA==, figureFileBig=WOfMHLRmZofmN0/7Y3+XDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068086504280899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068074152055534, language=CN, label=图5, caption=燃尽风截面(左)和中层燃烧器截面(右)温度分布, figureFileSmall=dO7d/rMx0PSemuLjR/XgTA==, figureFileBig=WOfMHLRmZofmN0/7Y3+XDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068086592361284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068074152055534, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Temperature distributions inside the furnace under the individual or combined action of gas/particles, figureFileSmall=wIScPJoQzi5H6CUQIR3ucQ==, figureFileBig=XZQsIIm7wX4YoQXCDIPWgg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068086667858757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068074152055534, language=CN, label=图6, caption=气体/颗粒单独作用或共同作用下的炉内温度分布, figureFileSmall=wIScPJoQzi5H6CUQIR3ucQ==, figureFileBig=XZQsIIm7wX4YoQXCDIPWgg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068086734967622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068074152055534, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Distribution of the absorption coefficient of particles and gas, figureFileSmall=fiZgfI8NjpkwVgO8YT2xbg==, figureFileBig=X4SJI7qiCGhQaADeRIHhTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068086827242311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068074152055534, language=CN, label=图7, caption=颗粒与气体的吸收系数空间分布, figureFileSmall=fiZgfI8NjpkwVgO8YT2xbg==, figureFileBig=X4SJI7qiCGhQaADeRIHhTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068086906934088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068074152055534, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Temperature distributions in the central cross-section of the middle-layer burner predicted by different particle radiation characteristic models, figureFileSmall=tcNInJ/BcUDj/i0Sl+9OGQ==, figureFileBig=t8pZcL5YukzysgXXDbD3bg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068087015985993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068074152055534, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同颗粒辐射特性模型预测的中层燃烧器中心截面温度分布, figureFileSmall=tcNInJ/BcUDj/i0Sl+9OGQ==, figureFileBig=t8pZcL5YukzysgXXDbD3bg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068087099872074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068074152055534, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Flue gas temperature distributions on the furnace central cross-section and mass-averaged flue gas temperature profiles along the furnace height predicted by three models, figureFileSmall=ZuIPtR1iSsivogp+T33Brg==, figureFileBig=LTOgWQg0zjURinFYKhYUAA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068087192146763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068074152055534, language=CN, label=图9, caption=3种颗粒辐射特性模型预测的炉膛中心截面烟气温度分布以及沿炉膛高度方向的烟气质量平均温度分布曲线, figureFileSmall=ZuIPtR1iSsivogp+T33Brg==, figureFileBig=LTOgWQg0zjURinFYKhYUAA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068087267644236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068074152055534, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Distribution of the averaged heat flux on the wall along the furnace height, figureFileSmall=Ec+41tHW+OofI3K7X8l/pA==, figureFileBig=0Wp0dN0k/Y68wGtx4l6ROQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068087338947405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068074152055534, language=CN, label=图10, caption=沿炉膛高度方向的炉壁平均热流密度分布, figureFileSmall=Ec+41tHW+OofI3K7X8l/pA==, figureFileBig=0Wp0dN0k/Y68wGtx4l6ROQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068087410250574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068074152055534, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Distributions of heat flux on the furnace walls predicted by different particle radiative property models, figureFileSmall=ynXCxuQeyi7eNEWTOCOUbw==, figureFileBig=F1K2NbrZZ3LJtYEHas7Jrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068087494136655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068074152055534, language=CN, label=图11, caption=不同颗粒辐射特性模型预测的炉膛炉壁热流密度分布, figureFileSmall=ynXCxuQeyi7eNEWTOCOUbw==, figureFileBig=F1K2NbrZZ3LJtYEHas7Jrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068087578022736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068074152055534, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Distributions of particle absorption coefficients predicted by different particle radiative property models, figureFileSmall=dJPAsDfDjPn7whvekODJBg==, figureFileBig=hgOs+Oa31HQgzdVJWwf6GQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068087657714513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068074152055534, language=CN, label=图12, caption=3种颗粒辐射特性模型预测的颗粒群吸收系数空间分布, figureFileSmall=dJPAsDfDjPn7whvekODJBg==, figureFileBig=hgOs+Oa31HQgzdVJWwf6GQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068087720629074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068074152055534, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Distributions of particle scattering coefficients predicted by different particle radiative property models, figureFileSmall=xHzZogzr6DqBSMKbYEPJAA==, figureFileBig=/0Antpo90wSbKcb7lrtQZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068087804515155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068074152055534, language=CN, label=图13, caption=3种颗粒辐射特性模型预报的颗粒群散射系数空间分布, figureFileSmall=xHzZogzr6DqBSMKbYEPJAA==, figureFileBig=/0Antpo90wSbKcb7lrtQZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295068087863235412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068074152055534, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Parameters of the CPD model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目数值
侧链分子量/(g·mol–129.5
簇分子量/(g·mol–1330.6
煤晶格中桥键的初始分数0.531
晶格配位数4.89
炭桥键的初始分数0
), ArticleFig(id=1295068087921955669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068074152055534, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

CPD模型参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目数值
侧链分子量/(g·mol–129.5
簇分子量/(g·mol–1330.6
煤晶格中桥键的初始分数0.531
晶格配位数4.89
炭桥键的初始分数0
), ArticleFig(id=1295068087984870230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068074152055534, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Kinetic data of the WD reaction mechanism

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
反应式反应方向频率因子/(kmol∙(m3∙s)–1温度指数活化能/(J∙kmol–1反应级数
CH2.2O0.21 + 0.95O2 → CO + 1.10H2Of1.59×101002×108[CH2.2O0.21]0.7 [O2]0.8
CO + 0.5O2 → CO2f2.24×10604.19×107[CO][O2]0.25[H2O]0.5
CO2 → CO + 0.5O2r6.16×1010–0.973.29×108[CO][O2]–0.25[H2O]0.5
H2 + 0.5O2 ↔ H2Of5.69×101101.46×108[H2][O2]0.5
r2.83×101303.90×108[H2O]
), ArticleFig(id=1295068088085533527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068074152055534, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

改进JL机理反应机理动力学数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
反应式反应方向频率因子/(kmol∙(m3∙s)–1温度指数活化能/(J∙kmol–1反应级数
CH2.2O0.21 + 0.95O2 → CO + 1.10H2Of1.59×101002×108[CH2.2O0.21]0.7 [O2]0.8
CO + 0.5O2 → CO2f2.24×10604.19×107[CO][O2]0.25[H2O]0.5
CO2 → CO + 0.5O2r6.16×1010–0.973.29×108[CO][O2]–0.25[H2O]0.5
H2 + 0.5O2 ↔ H2Of5.69×101101.46×108[H2][O2]0.5
r2.83×101303.90×108[H2O]
), ArticleFig(id=1295068088165225304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068074152055534, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Parameters of the surface reaction mechanism

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
反应式频率因子/(kmol·(m3∙s)–1)温度指数活化能/(J·kmol–1)反应级数反应速率常数/(s·K–0.75)
C + 0.5O2→ CO5.00×10–307.40×107[O2]4.13×10–12
C + CO2→ 2CO6.35×10–301.62×108[CO2]4.12×10–12
C + H2O → CO + H21.92×10–301.47×108[H2O]1.69×10–12
), ArticleFig(id=1295068088270082905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068074152055534, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

表面反应机理参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
反应式频率因子/(kmol·(m3∙s)–1)温度指数活化能/(J·kmol–1)反应级数反应速率常数/(s·K–0.75)
C + 0.5O2→ CO5.00×10–307.40×107[O2]4.13×10–12
C + CO2→ 2CO6.35×10–301.62×108[CO2]4.12×10–12
C + H2O → CO + H21.92×10–301.47×108[H2O]1.69×10–12
), ArticleFig(id=1295068088362357594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068074152055534, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Constants of the RNG k-ε model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Cμσkσε C1ε C2εη0β
0.084 50.719 40.719 41.421.684.380.012
), ArticleFig(id=1295068088450437979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068074152055534, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

RNG k-ε模型常数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Cμσkσε C1ε C2εη0β
0.084 50.719 40.719 41.421.684.380.012
), ArticleFig(id=1295068088525935452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068074152055534, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Proximate and ultimate analysis of the pulverized coal

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目数值
war(C)/%60.27
war(H)/%3.82
war(O)/%5.82
war(N)/%0.91
燃料特性war(S)/%1.00
war(M)/%8.50
war(A)/%19.68
wdaf(V)/%37.49
低位发热量Qnet.ar/(kJ·kg–123 360
变形温度TDT/℃1 240
灰熔点软化温度TST/℃1 250
流动温度TFT/℃1 280
), ArticleFig(id=1295068088622404445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068074152055534, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

煤粉工业分析与元素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目数值
war(C)/%60.27
war(H)/%3.82
war(O)/%5.82
war(N)/%0.91
燃料特性war(S)/%1.00
war(M)/%8.50
war(A)/%19.68
wdaf(V)/%37.49
低位发热量Qnet.ar/(kJ·kg–123 360
变形温度TDT/℃1 240
灰熔点软化温度TST/℃1 250
流动温度TFT/℃1 280
), ArticleFig(id=1295068088769205086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068074152055534, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

Relationship between mass fraction and particle size of the pulverized coal

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目粒径/μm
>5>10>20>50>90>30>160>200>250
质量分数/%93.8780.3061.7042.3018.707.803.201.200.50
), ArticleFig(id=1295068088848896863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068074152055534, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

煤粉质量分数与煤粉粒径关系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目粒径/μm
>5>10>20>50>90>30>160>200>250
质量分数/%93.8780.3061.7042.3018.707.803.201.200.50
), ArticleFig(id=1295068090530812768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068074152055534, language=EN, label=Tab.7, caption=

External input parameters of the model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目风温/K质量流量/(kg·s–1旋流角度/(°)给煤量/(kg·s–1
燃烧器内一次风3481.7991.138
燃烧器外一次风3481.7990.654
燃烧器内二次风6071.508
燃烧器外二次风6076.56430.0
燃尽风内二次风6077.33433.0
燃尽风外二次风6075.12315.0
燃尽风中心风6070.319
侧燃尽风二次风6073.688
侧燃尽风中心风6072.080
), ArticleFig(id=1295068090635670369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068074152055534, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

模型外部输入参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目风温/K质量流量/(kg·s–1旋流角度/(°)给煤量/(kg·s–1
燃烧器内一次风3481.7991.138
燃烧器外一次风3481.7990.654
燃烧器内二次风6071.508
燃烧器外二次风6076.56430.0
燃尽风内二次风6077.33433.0
燃尽风外二次风6075.12315.0
燃尽风中心风6070.319
侧燃尽风二次风6073.688
侧燃尽风中心风6072.080
), ArticleFig(id=1295068090706973538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068074152055534, language=EN, label=Tab.8, caption=

The simulated and measured values of the target boiler parameters under typical working conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
机组负荷运行参数模拟值实测值相对误差
600 MW低压过热器出口温度/K1 048.561 033.151.49%
低压再热器出口温度/K1 056.381 053.150.31%
省煤器出口温度/K698.03693.150.27%
炉膛出口O2体积分数/%1.921.983.03%
399 MW低压过热器出口温度/K957.49953.150.46%
低压再热器出口温度/K953.55943.151.10%
省煤器出口温度/K642.82653.151.58%
炉膛出口O2体积分数/%3.273.301.51%
250 MW低压过热器出口温度/K864.96843.152.59%
低压再热器出口温度/K843.19853.152.35%
省煤器出口温度/K593.00573.153.46%
炉膛出口O2体积分数/%3.843.963.03%
), ArticleFig(id=1295068090795053923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068074152055534, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

目标锅炉典型工况参数模拟值与实测值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
机组负荷运行参数模拟值实测值相对误差
600 MW低压过热器出口温度/K1 048.561 033.151.49%
低压再热器出口温度/K1 056.381 053.150.31%
省煤器出口温度/K698.03693.150.27%
炉膛出口O2体积分数/%1.921.983.03%
399 MW低压过热器出口温度/K957.49953.150.46%
低压再热器出口温度/K953.55943.151.10%
省煤器出口温度/K642.82653.151.58%
炉膛出口O2体积分数/%3.273.301.51%
250 MW低压过热器出口温度/K864.96843.152.59%
低压再热器出口温度/K843.19853.152.35%
省煤器出口温度/K593.00573.153.46%
炉膛出口O2体积分数/%3.843.963.03%
), ArticleFig(id=1295068090887328612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068074152055534, language=EN, label=Tab.9, caption=

Polynomial coefficients of the Planck-mean model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
iqabs,i,1qabs,i,2qabs,i,3qabs,i,4
D=1~5 μm
1–0.032 150.345 9–1.142–0.146 4
2–0.171 32.381–4.2534.982
30.032 62–0.358 41.2190.122 4
D=5~250 μm
11.7×10–7–7.84×10–50.011 72–1.208
22.47×10–5–0.020 319.236–27.31
3–1.67×10–77.6×10–5–0.010 401.270
iqsca,i,1qsca,i,2qsca,i,3qsca,i,4
D=1~10 μm
16.544×10–4–0.029 100.362 9–0.733 5
2–0.010 32–0.481 314.84–12.53
3–3.151×10–48.981×10–3–0.100 80.596 7
iqsca,i,1qsca,i,2qsca,i,3qsca,i,4
D=10~250 μm
1–2.761×10–82.358×10–5–6.887×10–30.691 1
21.541×10–4–0.087 5812.62–66.94
3–5.681×10–82.728×10–5–4.009×10–30.199 8
), ArticleFig(id=1295068090962826085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295068074152055534, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

普朗克平均系数模型的多项式系数

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iqabs,i,1qabs,i,2qabs,i,3qabs,i,4
D=1~5 μm
1–0.032 150.345 9–1.142–0.146 4
2–0.171 32.381–4.2534.982
30.032 62–0.358 41.2190.122 4
D=5~250 μm
11.7×10–7–7.84×10–50.011 72–1.208
22.47×10–5–0.020 319.236–27.31
3–1.67×10–77.6×10–5–0.010 401.270
iqsca,i,1qsca,i,2qsca,i,3qsca,i,4
D=1~10 μm
16.544×10–4–0.029 100.362 9–0.733 5
2–0.010 32–0.481 314.84–12.53
3–3.151×10–48.981×10–3–0.100 80.596 7
iqsca,i,1qsca,i,2qsca,i,3qsca,i,4
D=10~250 μm
1–2.761×10–82.358×10–5–6.887×10–30.691 1
21.541×10–4–0.087 5812.62–66.94
3–5.681×10–82.728×10–5–4.009×10–30.199 8
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不同煤粉颗粒辐射模型对600 MW超临界对冲燃烧锅炉辐射传热的影响研究
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周东阳 1, 2, 3 , 郑小刚 2, 3 , 张骁 2, 3 , 唐贝 2, 3 , 毕胜山 1
热力发电 | 发电技术论坛 2026,55(4): 104-115
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热力发电 |发电技术论坛 2026 , 55 (4) : 104 -115
不同煤粉颗粒辐射模型对600 MW超临界对冲燃烧锅炉辐射传热的影响研究
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周东阳1, 2, 3 , 郑小刚2, 3 , 张骁2, 3, 唐贝2, 3, 毕胜山1
作者信息
  • 1.西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院热流科学与工程教育部重点实验室,陕西 西安 710049
  • 2.西安热工研究院有限公司,陕西 西安 710054
  • 3.高效灵活煤电及碳捕集利用封存全国重点实验室,北京 102209
通讯作者:
郑小刚(1979),男,高级工程师,主要研究方向为电厂仿真技术,
作者简介:

周东阳(1979),男,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为电厂仿真技术,

Research on the influence of different pulverized coal particle radiation models on radiative heat transfer in a 600 MW supercritical opposed-fired boiler
Dongyang ZHOU1, 2, 3 , Xiaogang ZHENG2, 3 , Xiao ZHANG2, 3, Bei TANG2, 3, Shengshan BI1
Affiliations
  • 1.MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
  • 2.Xi’an Thermal Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710054, China
  • 3.National Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Flexible Coal Power Generation and Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage, Beijing 102209, China
出版时间: 2026-04-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202507004
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在煤粉炉中,传热过程主要以辐射为主导,且随着炉膛尺寸的增大,煤粉颗粒的辐射贡献更为显著。值得注意的是,煤粉颗粒的燃尽率对其辐射特性具有重要影响,但现有多数数值模拟研究往往忽略此效应,将颗粒发射率与散射系数设为常数。为此,以600 MW超临界对冲燃烧锅炉为研究对象,采用计算流体动力学(CFD)方法对比了三类辐射特性模型对辐射传热预测结果的影响,具体包括常数模型(发射率和散射系数恒定)、线性模型(辐射特性随颗粒燃尽率呈线性变化)、普朗克平均系数模型(基于普朗克平均发射率和散射系数)。研究结果表明:相较于同时计入气体与颗粒辐射的情况,忽略颗粒辐射会使炉膛峰值温度高估约300 K。在计入颗粒辐射的前提下,与普朗克平均系数模型相比,常数模型对燃烧器区域螺旋膜式壁传热量的估算偏低约9%,对壁面平均热流密度峰值的估算也偏低约12.5%;而线性模型则会高估该峰值。上述发现可为煤粉燃烧数值模拟中辐射特性模型的合理选取提供参考。

煤粉燃烧  /  燃烧数值模拟  /  辐射传热  /  颗粒辐射特性

In pulverized coal-fired furnaces, the heat transfer process is dominated by radiation. With the increase in furnace size, the radiative contribution of pulverized coal particles becomes increasingly prominent. Notably, the burnout ratio of pulverized coal particles exerts a critical influence on their radiative properties. However, most existing numerical simulation studies tend to overlook this effect and set the particle emissivity and scattering coefficient as constants. To address this issue, this study takes a 600 MW supercritical opposed-fired boiler as the research object and employs computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to analyze the effects of three types of radiative property models on the prediction results of radiative heat transfer. These models include the constant model (emissivity and scattering coefficient remain constant), the linear model (radiative properties vary linearly with particle burnout ratio), and the Planck mean coefficient model (based on Planck mean emissivity and scattering coefficient). The results indicate that compared with the scenario where both gas and particle radiation are considered, neglecting particle radiation leads to an overestimation of the furnace peak temperature by approximately 300 K. When particle radiation is taken into account, compared with the Planck mean coefficient model, the constant model underestimates the heat transfer rate of the spiral membrane wall in the burner region by about 9% and the peak value of the average wall heat flux by 12.5%, while the linear model results in an overestimation of the peak value. These findings can provide a reference for the reasonable selection of radiative property models in the numerical simulation of pulverized coal combustion.

pulverized coal combustion  /  numerical simulation of coal combustion  /  radiative heat transfer  /  particle radiation characteristics
周东阳, 郑小刚, 张骁, 唐贝, 毕胜山. 不同煤粉颗粒辐射模型对600 MW超临界对冲燃烧锅炉辐射传热的影响研究. 热力发电, 2026 , 55 (4) : 104 -115 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202507004
Dongyang ZHOU, Xiaogang ZHENG, Xiao ZHANG, Bei TANG, Shengshan BI. Research on the influence of different pulverized coal particle radiation models on radiative heat transfer in a 600 MW supercritical opposed-fired boiler[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2026 , 55 (4) : 104 -115 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202507004
过去十年,能源结构持续优化,新能源占比稳步提升,但燃煤发电凭借高可靠性与稳定性,在未来仍将是能源供应的重要组成部分。对于大型煤粉燃烧锅炉,辐射传热占火焰与炉膛壁面总传热量的90%以上[1],且随着炉膛尺寸增大,煤粉、飞灰等固体颗粒的辐射贡献显著高于CO2、H2O等气态组分[2]。因此选择合适的颗粒辐射模型对准确预测大型锅炉辐射传热至关重要。
Mie理论[3]虽能精确求解球形颗粒的辐射特性,但其计算成本极高,因此,Buckius、Hwang[4]以及Johansson[5]等学者基于Mie理论提出了近似计算煤粉颗粒光谱特性的经验公式,然而,大多煤粉燃烧数值模拟基于颗粒辐射的光谱依赖性远低于气体这一假设,仍采用经验常数来表征煤粉颗粒的辐射特性[6]
近年来,煤粉颗粒的燃尽率对辐射特性的影响受到广泛关注。吸收指数的测量表明,未燃尽碳的存在会显著提高颗粒的吸收[7],为此有研究采用线性模型对煤粉颗粒的辐射特性进行表征[8],即假设颗粒的发射率和散射率随燃尽率线性变化。Mie理论同样揭示了燃尽率对煤粉颗粒辐射特性的影响,不同的是,小颗粒(直径<5 μm)的发射率随燃尽率增加而降低,较大颗粒的发射率在接近完全燃烧时先略有上升,然后迅速下降[9]。目前已有多种基于普朗克平均近似或灰气体加权和概念的颗粒辐射特性模型[10-11]被提出,旨在综合考虑颗粒辐射随颗粒燃尽率、粒径以及非均匀分布的非线性变化。
现有相关研究已取得一定进展:Singh等人[12]发现,飞灰体积分数小于2%时气体辐射占主导,超过3%时颗粒吸收与散射效应显著增强,其辐射贡献超越气体;Zhang等人[13]通过实验证实,忽略发射率与吸收率的独立性会导致辐射热通量计算误差超60%;Yin等人[14]指出,考虑燃尽率线性影响的模型比经验常数更能准确预测炉膛温度场;Guo等人[15]在2.5 MW煤粉炉模拟中发现,线性模型低估燃烧区颗粒吸收率,忽略燃尽率影响会使燃尽后颗粒吸收系数被高估一个数量级。
上述研究证实了颗粒辐射的重要作用。然而,研究多局限于小规模工况,实际大型炉膛中各类辐射特性模型的差异尚未得到充分理解。因此,本研究旨在比较600 MW超临界对冲燃烧炉模拟中不同颗粒辐射特性模型,并详细分析其对温度预测和辐射传热的影响。
本文的研究对象是一台600 MW超临界直流煤粉锅炉,具体如图1所示。该锅炉采用前后墙对冲燃烧、一次再热、单炉膛、尾部双烟道、挡板调节、平衡通风、固态排渣、全悬吊结构∏型配置。
锅炉前后墙分别装有3层旋流燃烧器,每层6个。最上层燃烧器上方配有一层燃尽风(OFA)以及侧燃尽风。炉膛宽22.16 m、深15.46 m、高62.00 m。炉膛由全焊接膜式水冷壁包围,包括下部螺旋膜式水冷壁以及上部垂直膜式水冷壁。
锅炉制粉系统采用ZGM113N型中速辊式磨煤机,每层6个燃烧器共用1台磨煤机,一共6台磨煤机,其中1台作为备用。
炉内煤粉燃烧涉及复杂的物理和化学过程,包括煤粉热解和燃烧、湍流动力学以及传热传质等。
本文采用欧拉-拉格朗日方法模拟气粒两相流。即在拉格朗日框架下,使用随机轨迹模型追踪流场中分散相的运动。煤颗粒随机轨迹模型的控制方程表示为:
mpdμipdt=CDρg(Ap2)(μigμip)|μigμip|+mpgk
式中:Ap为颗粒表面积;mp为颗粒质量;ρg为密度;gk为重力加速度;CD为阻力系数;uipuig分别为离散相和气相的速度分量。
采用化学渗透脱挥发分(CPD)模型模拟燃料受热并发生脱挥发分过程。模型的5个官能团参数基于煤的氧碳(O/C)和氢碳(H/C)摩尔比,采用二维插值法确定,具体见表1
在模拟过程中,挥发分以CH2.2O0.21表示,该化学式是在工业分析与元素分析的基础上确定的,同时确保了元素守恒与能量守恒。挥发分的燃烧过程采用改进的JL机理进行模拟,该机理包含6种物质组分与4个全局反应,具体见表2
本研究同时考虑了煤焦气化和氧化过程。非均相反应速率由动力学反应速率和扩散速率共同决定,其中前者以阿伦尼乌斯形式表示。采用三步表面反应机理来模拟煤焦气化和氧化过程。在燃烧过程中,煤焦表面首先被加热并发生氧化反应,具体模型参数见表3
本文在雷诺平均纳维-斯托克斯(RANS)框架下,采用RNG k-ε模型结合标准壁面函数来模拟湍流。湍流动能k和耗散率ε的控制方程如下:
t(ρk)+xi(ρkui)=xi[(μ+μtσk)kxj]+Pkρε
t(ρε)+xi(ρεui)=xi[(μ+μtσε)εxj]+C1εεkPkC2ε*ρε2k
C2ε*=C2ε+Cμη3(1ηη0)1+βη3
η=Skε
S=(2SijSij)1/2
上式中,常数项的具体取值见表4
化学-湍流相互作用采用涡流耗散概念(EDC)模型进行建模,EDC模型中的体积分数常数和时间尺度常数分别设置为2.137 7和0.408 2。为了提高计算效率,采用了原位自适应制表(ISAT)模型。
在煤粉燃烧中,辐射是炉膛内主要的传热机制。考虑到辐射介质的吸收、发射和散射,辐射传递方程(RTE)可表示为:
dIds+(kg+kp+σp)I=kgn2σT4π+Ep+σp4π4πΦp(s^,s^)I(s^)dΩ
式中:kg为气体吸收系数;kp为颗粒吸收系数;σp为颗粒散射系数;Ep为等效颗粒排放量;Φp为散射相函数。
采用灰气体加权和(WSGG)模型,并更新模型参数以考虑H2O与CO2的不同摩尔比(MR),从而确定气体混合物(CO2和H2O)的辐射特性。然后,气体吸收系数计算如下:
kg=ln(1εmix)/L
式中:εmix为气体混合物的总气体发射率,由WSGG模型确定;L为整个炉子的光程长度。
粒子的辐射特性包括吸收系数、散射系数和发射率,计算方法如下:
kp=limV0n=1N(εpnApnV)
σp=limV0n=1N[(1fpn)(1εpn)ApnV]
Ep=limV0n=1NεpnApnσTpn4πV
式中:fpn为颗粒物散射因子;εpn为颗粒物发射率;Apn为颗粒物的投影面积。
在炉膛网格划分的过程中,将炉膛不同区域进行拆分,分别进行独立的结构化六面体网格绘制,并在ANSYS Fluent软件中使用交界面(INTERFACE)的方法将不同区域的网格拼接在一起(图2)。通过该方法,可以在保证燃烧器区域网格密度符合计算要求的情况下,将冷灰斗区域和垂直水冷壁区域的网格密度大幅度降低,从而大幅度降低炉膛网格数量。随后对网格进行无关性验证,当网格数量超过550万时,炉膛内流场速度不再随网格数量发生变化。为了兼顾计算精度与计算效率,确定炉膛网格总数为551万;网格质量0.55~0.70区间占比17.4%,0.70以上占比达82.6%,0.90以上占比35.2%。
本节在最大连续运行(BMCR)工况下开展锅炉燃烧数值模拟研究,各燃烧器入口参数保持一致,风量、给煤量按总风量与总给煤量进行平均分配。
模型采用设计煤种,煤粉元素分析见表5。其中,煤粉颗粒直径采用R-R公式进行定义。R-R分布定义的颗粒直径d与大于此直径的颗粒的质量占比Yd关系如下:
Yd=e(d/d¯)n
式中:n为分布指数;d-为平均直径。分布指数为1.13,粒径范围为3~250 μm,平均粒径为57 μm,煤粉质量分数与煤粉直径大小的关系见表6
模型边界条件设置如下:
1)燃烧器及燃尽风的内一次风、外一次风、内二次风、外二次风及侧燃尽风均采用质量流量入口边界条件,燃烧器旋流角度通过局部柱坐标系定义;
2)入口质量流量与风温依据设计说明书及一次风模型模拟结果设定,具体参数见表7
3)出口采用outflow边界条件,允许流体自由流出计算域,不对出口压力与流速施加特定约束;
4)炉膛壁面采用标准壁面函数,以模拟流体在壁面处的无滑移边界(即壁面接触处流体速度为零),壁面热交换采用对流边界条件,且设定均匀壁面水蒸气温度为635 K,定辐射发射率为0.6。
炉膛中心截面速度云图与颗粒运动轨迹如图3所示。模拟结果显示,在燃烧器区域中心,对冲燃烧器出口气流在炉膛中心形成上升气流,其速度随炉膛高度增加逐步提升,至燃尽风平面区域时,因与燃尽风气流的交互作用其速度显著增大,与实际情况下上升气流运行规律一致。此外,旋流燃烧器出口附近普遍存在回流区,这是由于入口气流的旋流角度引发的回流效应,与实际旋流燃烧器工作原理吻合,验证了模型对旋流流动特征的精准捕捉。
图4为炉膛中心截面的温度分布云图。由图4可知:自冷灰斗区域起,沿炉膛高度向上烟气温度逐步升高,峰值出现在上层燃烧器与燃尽风之间的区域;在燃尽风与屏式过热器之间的区域仍存在高温区,这是未燃尽煤粉及CO与燃尽风补充的氧气发生二次燃烧所致;当烟气流经屏式过热器后,因与水冷壁、过热器、再热器等受热面换热,烟气温度逐步下降。
图5呈现了燃尽风截面与中层燃烧器截面的温度分布特征。由图5可知,在BMCR工况下,因各燃烧器入口边界条件一致,燃烧器截面温度分布呈现沿横纵轴的镜像对称特征,炉膛中心区域燃烧反应最剧烈,最高温度达1 888 K,与该类型锅炉设计的火焰中心温度区间相符。
上述现象与实际情况一致,充分表明本数值模拟模型的验证结果良好,能够准确反映炉膛内的温度分布特性。
通过对比所建立目标锅炉的数值模型计算结果与实际锅炉运行测量结果,对数值模型的准确性进行验证。表8为典型工况条件下目标锅炉关键参数数值模拟结果与实际测量结果。
表8可知,数值模型对目标锅炉不同区域烟气温度与组分含量等关键参数的计算结果与实际测量值偏差较小,相对误差均保持在4%以下,具有良好的吻合度。
在大多数煤炭燃烧模拟中,燃尽率的影响往往被忽略,而炭粒的发射率则被视为一个常数。常用的发射率值包括0.70、0.80、0.85、0.90。在本研究中,将发射率和散射因子分别设定为0.90和0.60。
未燃煤和飞灰的辐射特性不同。在本模型中,假设颗粒的辐射特性随燃尽比呈线性变化。颗粒的发射率和散射系数计算如下:
εpn=0.4UC+0.6
fpn=0.9UC+0.6(1UC)
式中:UC为颗粒中未燃烧碳的比例,范围从煤颗粒的1到飞灰的0。
本研究采用一种普朗克平均模型考虑颗粒辐射特性随燃尽比的非线性变化,采用米氏散射理论计算了不同粒径和不同燃尽比下颗粒的光谱吸收和散射效率。然后,利用这些效率来确定普朗克平均吸收和散射效率。将普朗克平均值拟合到颗粒粒径和燃尽比的多项式函数中,拟合公式如下:
Qabs(B,D)=aabs,1×Baabs,2+aabs,3
Qsca(B,D)=asca,1×Basca,2+asca,3
aabs,i=qabs,i,1D3+qabs,i,2D2+qabs,i,3D+qabs,i,4
asca,i=qsca,i,1D3+qsca,i,2D2+qsca,i,3D+qsca,i,4
式中:a为拟合系数,量化了粒径对吸收和散射效率的影响;BD分别为燃尽比和颗粒直径;系数q表9
为评估气体和粒子辐射对温度预测的影响,本节对比了3种不同模拟工况:1)同时考虑气体和颗粒辐射;2)仅考虑气体辐射;3)仅考虑颗粒辐射,同时采用普朗克平均模型计算颗粒的辐射特性。图6展示了3种不同情形下炉膛横截面的温度分布。预测的峰值火焰温度分别为2 191、2 491、2 231 K,与同时考虑气体和粒子辐射的情况相比,仅考虑气体辐射时峰值火焰温度被高估了300 K,仅考虑粒子辐射时峰值火焰温度仅被高估了40 K。这些结果表明,对于所研究的600 MW煤粉炉,颗粒辐射对温度分布的影响明显大于气体辐射。此外,同时考虑气体与颗粒辐射时,来自不同燃烧器的火焰在燃烧器区域能够融合成连续的火焰结构。相比之下,忽略颗粒辐射会大幅提高煤粉的加热速率,从而改变燃烧过程并影响炉膛内的整体火焰结构。以上结果凸显了颗粒辐射的关键作用:它不仅直接决定着燃烧器区域内煤粉的加热速率,还对炉膛内燃烧场预测结果的准确性有着重要影响。
图7为颗粒与气体吸收系数的空间分布,以及它们沿炉膛高度的均值分布。从图7可明显看到,气体吸收系数比颗粒吸收系数低一个数量级,这表明颗粒辐射在炉膛中起关键主导作用。
在燃烧器出口附近,颗粒浓度相对较高且燃烧不完全,颗粒燃尽程度较低,导致颗粒吸收系数相对较大,高达7.000 m–1;在灰斗区域(0~10 m),颗粒吸收系数的平均值为1.800 m–1,而气体吸收系数的平均值为0.052 m–1;在燃烧器区域(10~25 m),颗粒吸收系数的平均值显著增加至3.130 m–1,而气体吸收系数的平均值则降至0.041 m–1;在过热空气(OFA)区域上方,颗粒吸收系数的平均值降至约0.540 m–1,而气体吸收系数的平均值保持在0.053 m–1左右。
图8展示了分别采用常数模型、线性模型、普朗克平均模型时,中层燃烧器沿锅炉宽度与深度方向的中心截面温度分布。从结果可见:1)3个模型计算得到的峰值火焰温度基本相当;2)与线性模型、普朗克平均模型相比,常数模型预测的炉膛中心温度略低,这意味着其模拟的火焰长度更短。该差异的根源在于:常数模型采用固定的颗粒发射率,未考虑煤粉燃尽率对颗粒辐射特性的动态影响,这直接导致模型高估了飞灰颗粒的发射率,进而造成炉膛内辐射热损失偏大,最终使火焰区域后部的温度降低;线性模型与普朗克平均模型预测的温度分布较为接近,核心原因是它们均纳入了“颗粒辐射特性随煤粉燃尽率变化”的关键影响因素,更贴合实际燃烧过程中的辐射规律。
图9为沿锅炉高度与深度方向上炉膛中心截面烟气温度分布,以及沿炉膛高度方向的质量平均温度分布曲线。从3个模型的预测结果来看,高温区域均集中在燃烧器周边,且最高温度的位置一致,均在最上层燃烧器区域与过热空气(OFA)区域的交界处。此外,各模型预测的峰值火焰温度也较为接近。在温度分布细节上,模型间的差异显著:1)普朗克平均系数模型的火焰分布最对称,而常数模型与线性模型则表现出明显差异,在炉膛前后墙附近均出现了温度不对称现象;2)常数模型预测的最高质量平均温度为1 480 K,线性模型为1 450 K,普朗克平均系数模型为1 420 K。在主要换热区域,普朗克模型和线性模型得出的结果相似,最高质量平均温度均为1 150 K,常数模型模拟结果为1 050K。线性模型和普朗克平均模型预测的温度相当,这可能是由于煤粉在高温条件下快速燃烧,从而弱化了燃尽过程中辐射特性变化的影响。
图10展示了不同颗粒辐射特性模型计算得出的沿炉膛高度方向热流密度分布。各模型预测结果的核心差异体现在关键区域的热流密度数值与衰减规律上:在线性模型的预测中,热流密度峰值达到105 kW/m2,显著高于普朗克模型(95 kW/m2)和常数模型(100 kW/m2),这表明线性模型高估了高温区域的辐射热流强度;进入炉膛上方换热器区域后,各模型的热流密度均呈衰减趋势,但线性模型衰减较缓慢,最终降至55 kW/m2,而普朗克模型衰减速率更快,预测值为40 kW/m2,这种差异源于线性模型无法充分考虑颗粒辐射的非线性特性;而普朗克模型的热流密度分布曲线无论在炉膛主体区域还是换热器区域,均表现出更合理的衰减趋势,尤其在换热器区域,预测值更贴近实际燃烧过程中辐射热流的衰减规律;常数模型对热流密度的整体预测值显著偏低,核心问题在于其假设颗粒吸收系数是固定不变的,这与实际燃烧中吸收系数随工况动态变化的规律不符,最终导致辐射传热计算出现较大偏差。
图11呈现了不同颗粒辐射特性模型计算得出的锅炉壁面热流密度分布。从图11可看出,3类模型的热流密度峰值区域均集中在燃烧器区域,但模型间的分布差异十分明显。普朗克模型与线性模型的热流密度在锅炉壁面整体分布相对均匀,而常数模型的表现截然不同,其预测的侧墙热流密度低于另外2种模型,且热流密度峰值仅集中在前后墙的中心区域。这种分布差异的核心原因在于常数模型将颗粒辐射发射率设定为恒定值,这一设定一方面导致炉膛壁面在火焰区域的辐射热流预测值偏高,另一方面使炉内火焰形态更贴近前后墙而非均匀扩散,最终使得常数模型计算的燃烧器区域热流密度呈现前后墙分布略高于普朗克模型、线性模型,侧墙分布略低于后两者的特点,本质上,这仍是常数模型过高估计煤粉颗粒发射率导致的。
图12展示了不同颗粒辐射特性模型计算得出的颗粒吸收系数空间分布特性。结合空间位置的变化,可清晰观察到模型预测结果的共性与差异:具体来看,在燃烧器出口区域,因该区域煤粉颗粒浓度较高且燃尽度较低,颗粒吸收系数整体相对较大,此时3种模型预测的吸收系数数值差异不大;但随着燃烧过程推进至炉膛中心火焰区及其下游区域,伴随颗粒性质从焦炭逐步向飞灰转变、颗粒燃尽度不断增加,3种模型的预测差异开始显著显现,常数模型、线性模型、普朗克模型对炉膛中心火焰区的平均颗粒吸收系数的预测值分别为2.34、1.33、1.13,对比数据可直接发现,常数模型的预测值远高于另外2种模型,即其严重高估了该区域颗粒群的吸收系数。
图13进一步展示了3种颗粒辐射模型预报的颗粒群散射系数空间分布特性对比结果。从关键区域的预测数据来看,在燃烧器区域,三者的平均颗粒散射系数差异显著,常数模型为0.15,线性模型为0.55,普朗克平均系数模型则高达1.11,明显可看出普朗克平均系数模型计算的散射系数结果远大于常数模型与线性模型。这种差异的根源在于各模型对燃尽度影响的处理方式不同,常数模型的颗粒散射系数始终固定,完全不随颗粒燃尽度变化,线性模型虽考虑了燃尽度对散射系数的影响,但采用的模型形式较为简化,未能充分反映实际变化规律,因此常数模型、线性模型的模拟结果均与更贴合实际的普朗克平均系数模型存在明显偏差。
本文针对600 MW大型煤粉燃烧炉进行数值模拟,探究不同颗粒辐射特性模型对火焰温度和辐射传热预测的影响,采用3种模型计算颗粒的发射率和散射因子,包括恒定发射率和散射因子模型(常数模型)、随颗粒燃尽比线性变化的模型(线性模型)以及基于普朗克平均发射率和散射因子的模型(普朗克模型),得出以下结论。
1)在燃烧器区域(对应炉膛高度10~25 m),颗粒与气体的吸收系数差异显著:平均颗粒吸收系数达3.130 m-1,而气体吸收系数仅为0.041 m–1,这一差异直接导致温度预测结果的偏差,仅考虑气体辐射时,预测的峰值火焰温度为2 491 K,较实际情况高估300 K;而采用气体-颗粒联合辐射的计算方式时,峰值火焰温度降至2 191 K,更贴近实际燃烧工况。上述结果表明,在该燃烧器区域的火焰温度预测过程中不可忽略颗粒辐射的作用。
2)3类模型对质量平均烟气温度的预测呈现明显差异:在质量平均烟气温度最大值方面,常数模型、线性模型、普朗克模型的预测值分别为1 480、1 450、1 420 K;而进入换热器区域后,模型预测结果出现分化,普朗克模型与线性模型的预测值趋于一致,均为1 150 K,常数模型的预测值则更低,仅为1 050 K。
3)以普朗克模型的预测结果为基准,常数模型与线性模型对辐射传热的预测均存在高估现象:常数模型预测的壁面峰值热流密度为100 kW/m2,比普朗克模型的95 kW/m2高出5.3%;线性模型则对壁面峰值热流密度高估更明显,其预测值达105 kW/m2,比普朗克模型的预测值高出10.5%。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFB4100703)
  • 中国华能集团有限公司总部科技项目(HNKJ22-H19)
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2026年第55卷第4期
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doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202507004
  • 接收时间:2025-07-01
  • 首发时间:2026-08-14
  • 出版时间:2026-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-01
  • 修回日期:2025-11-04
  • 录用日期:2025-11-18
基金
National Key Research and Development Program Project(2022YFB4100703)
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFB4100703)
Science and Technology Project of China Huaneng Group Co., Ltd.(HNKJ22-H19)
中国华能集团有限公司总部科技项目(HNKJ22-H19)
作者信息
    1.西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院热流科学与工程教育部重点实验室,陕西 西安 710049
    2.西安热工研究院有限公司,陕西 西安 710054
    3.高效灵活煤电及碳捕集利用封存全国重点实验室,北京 102209

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郑小刚(1979),男,高级工程师,主要研究方向为电厂仿真技术,
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