Article(id=1295064995893629169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1295064874678252123, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19666/j.rlfd.202506113, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1750953600000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-27, revisedDate=1753459200000, revisedDateStr=2025-07-26, acceptedDate=1753718400000, acceptedDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineDate=1786697156165, onlineDateStr=2026-08-14, pubDate=1774368000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1786697156165, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-08-14, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1786697156165, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1786697156165, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1295064874678252123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, year='2026', volume='55', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='184', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1774368000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1786697127264, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1786698874628, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1295072203708592834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1295064874678252123, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1295072203708592835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1295064874678252123, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=44, endPage=52, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1295064999622365427, articleId=1295064995893629169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=EN, title=Numerical simulation on primary air exhaust gas temperature elevation technology of coal-fired boilers under low-load conditions, columnId=1211002405299294959, journalTitle=Thermal Power Generation, columnName=Thermal Energy Science Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Driven by the large-scale integration of renewable energy and the national “dual-carbon” strategic goals, the construction of a new power system imposes higher requirements on the flexible operation of coal-fired units. However, coal-fired units face challenges such as reduced combustion instability and steam parameters deviating from design values during low-load operation. Therefore, in-depth research on coordinated control characteristics of low-load stable combustion and flue gas temperature in boilers is of significant importance for deep and flexible peak regulation. Taking a 600 MW subcritical tangentially fired boiler in a power plant as the object, the effects of injecting primary air exhaust gas from the pulverized coal conveying system into different locations of the furnace (main combustion zone, reduction zone, burnout zone) on the velocity, temperature and component concentration field, and the flue gas temperature at the platen zone are systematically studied under 50% load condition. The analysis specifically focuses on the synergistic influence mechanism of combustion organization on the combustion stability of the boiler and the regulation of flue gas temperature. The results indicate that injecting primary air exhaust gas into various furnace locations can form a stable tangential flow pattern and high-temperature zone, without significantly affecting the boiler’s low-load combustion stability. Injecting the primary air exhaust gas into the reduction zone elevates the high-temperature flame region to some extent, which is beneficial for maintaining steam parameters during deep flexible peak regulation, yielding superior coordinated performance for both low-load stable combustion and flue gas temperature regulation. Through numerical analysis, the coordinated control strategy for achieving stable combustion at low loads and regulating flue gas temperature through the reuse of primary air exhaust gas is determined. The study results can provide a basis for the low-load operation of this type of coal-fired boiler during deep peak shaving.

, authors=Pengfei LIU1, Yanrong FAN1, Yuewei LI1, Mingjun PANG1, Xiujun YANG1, Chong ZHANG1, Chenglong LI2, Sheng SU2, authorsList=Pengfei LIU, Yanrong FAN, Yuewei LI, Mingjun PANG, Xiujun YANG, Chong ZHANG, Chenglong LI, Sheng SU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yanrong FAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1295065008015167765, articleId=1295064995893629169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=CN, title=燃煤锅炉低负荷工况下乏气提温技术数值模拟研究, columnId=1211002405437706993, journalTitle=热力发电, columnName=热能科学研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

在新能源大规模消纳及国家“双碳”战略目标驱动下,新型电力系统的构建对煤电机组灵活运行提出了更高要求。然而,煤电机组在低负荷运行时面临燃烧稳定性下降、蒸汽参数偏离设计值等挑战。以某电厂600 MW亚临界切圆燃烧锅炉为研究对象,基于数值模拟方法,系统研究了锅炉在50%负荷下,将小粉仓乏气分别通入炉膛主燃区、还原区、燃尽区不同位置对炉内流场、温度场、组分浓度场以及屏区烟气温度的影响规律,重点分析了乏气通入炉膛不同位置对锅炉低负荷稳燃特性与烟温调控的协同作用策略。研究结果表明:将小粉仓乏气通入炉膛不同位置,炉内均能维持稳定的切圆流场组织及高温区域分布,其对锅炉低负荷稳燃性能未产生明显不利影响;将乏气通入还原区,可促使火焰高温区域适度上移,该特性有利于提升深度灵活调峰工况下蒸汽参数稳定性,烟温协同调控效果更优。研究通过数值计算分析获得了通过小粉仓乏气再利用实现锅炉低负荷稳燃与提升烟温协同调控策略,结果可为同类型火电机组宽负荷灵活调峰运行提供基础与依据。

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刘鹏飞(1984),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为煤粉高效清洁燃烧及火电机组灵活性运行,

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范燕荣(1989),女,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为火电清洁灵活高效运行,
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刘鹏飞(1984),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为煤粉高效清洁燃烧及火电机组灵活性运行,

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Method and system for controlling powder feeding of small powder bin: ZL202311340146.6[P]. 2024-11-22[2025-05-20]., articleTitle=Method and system for controlling powder feeding of small powder bin, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295065030295310758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064995893629169, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=53, issue=11, pageStart=79, pageEnd=88, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=20, authorNames=丁思变, 谭亲雄, 丁宏宇, journalName=热力发电, refType=null, unstructuredReference=丁思变,谭亲雄,丁宏宇,. 基于增设小粉仓的新型制粉系统方案设计及控制策略研究[J]. 热力发电202453(11):79-88., articleTitle=基于增设小粉仓的新型制粉系统方案设计及控制策略研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295065031083839911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064995893629169, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=53, issue=11, pageStart=79, pageEnd=88, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=21, authorNames=DING Sibian, TAN Qinxiong, DING Hongyu, journalName=Thermal Power Generation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DING Sibian, TAN Qinxiong, DING Hongyu, et al. Scheme design and control strategy of a novel coal pulverizing system based on addition of small pulverized coal silos[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2024, 53(11): 79-88., articleTitle=Scheme design and control strategy of a novel coal pulverizing system based on addition of small pulverized coal silos, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295065031515853224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064995893629169, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=27, issue=10, pageStart=5831, pageEnd=5840, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=22, authorNames=LIU H, LIU Y H, YI G Z, journalName=Energy & Fuels, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU H, LIU Y H, YI G Z, et al. Effects of air staging conditions on the combustion and NOx emission characteristics in a 600 MW wall fired utility boiler using lean coal[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2013, 27(10): 5831-5840., articleTitle=Effects of air staging conditions on the combustion and NOx emission characteristics in a 600 MW wall fired utility boiler using lean coal, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295065031914312105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064995893629169, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=237, issue=2, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=23, authorNames=LU K, WANG K, WANG S, journalName=IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LU K, WANG K, WANG S, et al. Numerical study on combustion characteristics of wall-type tangential boiler[J]. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2019, 237(2): 022043., articleTitle=Numerical study on combustion characteristics of wall-type tangential boiler, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295065031998198186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064995893629169, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=24, authorNames=WU Y, ZHONG Y L, YIN G M, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WU Y, ZHONG Y L, YIN G M. Study on test of coal cofiring for 600 MW ultra supercritical boiler with four walls tangential burning[C]. 2018 4th International Conference on Energy Materials and Environment Engineering. Malaysia: EDP Sciences, 2018., articleTitle=Study on test of coal cofiring for 600 MW ultra supercritical boiler with four walls tangential burning, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295065032396657068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064995893629169, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=52, issue=9, pageStart=1881, pageEnd=1890, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=25, authorNames=KHALDI N, CHOUARI Y, MHIRI H, journalName=Heat & Mass Transfer, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KHALDI N, CHOUARI Y, MHIRI H, et al. CFD investigation on the flow and combustion in a 300 MWe tangentially fired pulverized-coal furnace[J]. 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language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Distribution of wall heat flux in the furnace under working condition 1~4, figureFileSmall=WIZsLrPKpUkd7nZChhbA/Q==, figureFileBig=IBBm3DXS/xlOaOkF8REQbg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295065018911969647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064995893629169, language=CN, label=图11, caption=工况1—4炉膛壁面热通量分布, figureFileSmall=WIZsLrPKpUkd7nZChhbA/Q==, figureFileBig=IBBm3DXS/xlOaOkF8REQbg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295065019037798768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064995893629169, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Quality analysis for the actual used coal

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项目数值
工业分析全水分war(M)/%16.50
空干基水分wad(M)/%5.40
收到基灰分war(A)/%12.24
干燥无灰基挥发分wdaf(V)/%36.19
元素分析收到基碳war(C)/%58.10
收到基氢war(H)/%3.81
收到基氧war(O)/%8.36
收到基硫war(S)/%0.36
收到基氮war(N)/%0.63
收到基低位发热量Qnet.ar/(MJ·kg–122.09
), ArticleFig(id=1295065019318817137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064995893629169, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

实际燃用煤质分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目数值
工业分析全水分war(M)/%16.50
空干基水分wad(M)/%5.40
收到基灰分war(A)/%12.24
干燥无灰基挥发分wdaf(V)/%36.19
元素分析收到基碳war(C)/%58.10
收到基氢war(H)/%3.81
收到基氧war(O)/%8.36
收到基硫war(S)/%0.36
收到基氮war(N)/%0.63
收到基低位发热量Qnet.ar/(MJ·kg–122.09
), ArticleFig(id=1295065020879098226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064995893629169, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Operation parameters of the power plant under basic condition

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项目100%负荷50%负荷
负荷/MW560311
总煤量/(t·h–1240.00126.72
总风量/(t·h–12 023.01 425.4
过量空气系数1.1351.450
燃烧器运行层A、B、C、D、FC、D、E
), ArticleFig(id=1295065020962984307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064995893629169, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

电厂基本工况运行参数

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项目100%负荷50%负荷
负荷/MW560311
总煤量/(t·h–1240.00126.72
总风量/(t·h–12 023.01 425.4
过量空气系数1.1351.450
燃烧器运行层A、B、C、D、FC、D、E
), ArticleFig(id=1295065021051064693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064995893629169, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Comparison between the measurement and simulation results at 100% and 50% loads

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工况炉膛出口O2体积分数/%屏下温度/℃
试验值/%模拟值/%相对误差试验值/℃模拟值/℃相对误差
100%负荷2.312.243.0%1 182.01 203.01.9%
50%负荷6.506.244.0%1 012.0984.52.7%
), ArticleFig(id=1295065021134950776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064995893629169, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

100%负荷与50%负荷测量与模拟结果对比

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工况炉膛出口O2体积分数/%屏下温度/℃
试验值/%模拟值/%相对误差试验值/℃模拟值/℃相对误差
100%负荷2.312.243.0%1 182.01 203.01.9%
50%负荷6.506.244.0%1 012.0984.52.7%
), ArticleFig(id=1295065021210448249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064995893629169, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Parameters of the simulation condition at 50% load for a 600 MW class boiler

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项目数值
锅炉负荷/MW300
总煤量/(t·h–1126.72
总风量/(t·h–11 425.40
过量空气系数1.45
风煤比2.25
周界风比例/%17.93
燃尽风比例/%26.59
一次风粉温度/℃77.0
二次风温度/℃283.5
一、二次风摆角/(°)10、15
投运燃烧器层C、D、E
投运燃尽风层E、F
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600 MW等级锅炉50%负荷下模拟工况参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目数值
锅炉负荷/MW300
总煤量/(t·h–1126.72
总风量/(t·h–11 425.40
过量空气系数1.45
风煤比2.25
周界风比例/%17.93
燃尽风比例/%26.59
一次风粉温度/℃77.0
二次风温度/℃283.5
一、二次风摆角/(°)10、15
投运燃烧器层C、D、E
投运燃尽风层E、F
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Location and characteristic parameters of primary air exhaust gas

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项目数值
乏气喷口尺寸/(mm×mm)380×380
单个喷口风量/(t·h–123.81
单个喷口粉量/(t·h–11.06
风煤比22.46
喷口温度/℃77
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乏气位置及特性参数

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项目数值
乏气喷口尺寸/(mm×mm)380×380
单个喷口风量/(t·h–123.81
单个喷口粉量/(t·h–11.06
风煤比22.46
喷口温度/℃77
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Setting of operation conditions for injecting exhaust gas into different positions of the furnace

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工况1工况2工况3工况4
乏气通入位置OFAWA底层SOFA
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乏气通入炉膛不同位置工况设置

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工况1工况2工况3工况4
乏气通入位置OFAWA底层SOFA
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Temperatures below and behind the platen zone at 50% load under condition 1~4

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工况1工况2工况3工况4
屏下温度984.55933.051 011.25935.38
屏后温度779.08736.56759.32760.97
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50%负荷下工况1—4炉膛屏下和屏后温度

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工况1工况2工况3工况4
屏下温度984.55933.051 011.25935.38
屏后温度779.08736.56759.32760.97
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燃煤锅炉低负荷工况下乏气提温技术数值模拟研究
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刘鹏飞 1 , 范燕荣 1 , 李跃伟 1 , 庞明军 1 , 杨秀军 1 , 张冲 1 , 李成隆 2 , 苏胜 2
热力发电 | 热能科学研究 2026,55(3): 44-52
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热力发电 |热能科学研究 2026 , 55 (3) : 44 -52
燃煤锅炉低负荷工况下乏气提温技术数值模拟研究
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刘鹏飞1 , 范燕荣1 , 李跃伟1, 庞明军1, 杨秀军1, 张冲1, 李成隆2, 苏胜2
作者信息
  • 1.烟台龙源电力技术股份有限公司,山东 烟台 264006
  • 2.华中科技大学煤燃烧与低碳利用全国重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430074
通讯作者:
范燕荣(1989),女,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为火电清洁灵活高效运行,
作者简介:

刘鹏飞(1984),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为煤粉高效清洁燃烧及火电机组灵活性运行,

Numerical simulation on primary air exhaust gas temperature elevation technology of coal-fired boilers under low-load conditions
Pengfei LIU1 , Yanrong FAN1 , Yuewei LI1, Mingjun PANG1, Xiujun YANG1, Chong ZHANG1, Chenglong LI2, Sheng SU2
Affiliations
  • 1.Yantai Longyuan Power Technology Co., Ltd., Yantai 264006, China
  • 2.State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion and Low Carbon Utilization, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
出版时间: 2026-03-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202506113
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在新能源大规模消纳及国家“双碳”战略目标驱动下,新型电力系统的构建对煤电机组灵活运行提出了更高要求。然而,煤电机组在低负荷运行时面临燃烧稳定性下降、蒸汽参数偏离设计值等挑战。以某电厂600 MW亚临界切圆燃烧锅炉为研究对象,基于数值模拟方法,系统研究了锅炉在50%负荷下,将小粉仓乏气分别通入炉膛主燃区、还原区、燃尽区不同位置对炉内流场、温度场、组分浓度场以及屏区烟气温度的影响规律,重点分析了乏气通入炉膛不同位置对锅炉低负荷稳燃特性与烟温调控的协同作用策略。研究结果表明:将小粉仓乏气通入炉膛不同位置,炉内均能维持稳定的切圆流场组织及高温区域分布,其对锅炉低负荷稳燃性能未产生明显不利影响;将乏气通入还原区,可促使火焰高温区域适度上移,该特性有利于提升深度灵活调峰工况下蒸汽参数稳定性,烟温协同调控效果更优。研究通过数值计算分析获得了通过小粉仓乏气再利用实现锅炉低负荷稳燃与提升烟温协同调控策略,结果可为同类型火电机组宽负荷灵活调峰运行提供基础与依据。

深度调峰  /  低负荷稳燃  /  乏气提温技术  /  数值模拟

Driven by the large-scale integration of renewable energy and the national “dual-carbon” strategic goals, the construction of a new power system imposes higher requirements on the flexible operation of coal-fired units. However, coal-fired units face challenges such as reduced combustion instability and steam parameters deviating from design values during low-load operation. Therefore, in-depth research on coordinated control characteristics of low-load stable combustion and flue gas temperature in boilers is of significant importance for deep and flexible peak regulation. Taking a 600 MW subcritical tangentially fired boiler in a power plant as the object, the effects of injecting primary air exhaust gas from the pulverized coal conveying system into different locations of the furnace (main combustion zone, reduction zone, burnout zone) on the velocity, temperature and component concentration field, and the flue gas temperature at the platen zone are systematically studied under 50% load condition. The analysis specifically focuses on the synergistic influence mechanism of combustion organization on the combustion stability of the boiler and the regulation of flue gas temperature. The results indicate that injecting primary air exhaust gas into various furnace locations can form a stable tangential flow pattern and high-temperature zone, without significantly affecting the boiler’s low-load combustion stability. Injecting the primary air exhaust gas into the reduction zone elevates the high-temperature flame region to some extent, which is beneficial for maintaining steam parameters during deep flexible peak regulation, yielding superior coordinated performance for both low-load stable combustion and flue gas temperature regulation. Through numerical analysis, the coordinated control strategy for achieving stable combustion at low loads and regulating flue gas temperature through the reuse of primary air exhaust gas is determined. The study results can provide a basis for the low-load operation of this type of coal-fired boiler during deep peak shaving.

deep peak regulation  /  low-load stable combustion  /  primary air exhaust gas temperature raising technology  /  numerical simulation
刘鹏飞, 范燕荣, 李跃伟, 庞明军, 杨秀军, 张冲, 李成隆, 苏胜. 燃煤锅炉低负荷工况下乏气提温技术数值模拟研究. 热力发电, 2026 , 55 (3) : 44 -52 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202506113
Pengfei LIU, Yanrong FAN, Yuewei LI, Mingjun PANG, Xiujun YANG, Chong ZHANG, Chenglong LI, Sheng SU. Numerical simulation on primary air exhaust gas temperature elevation technology of coal-fired boilers under low-load conditions[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2026 , 55 (3) : 44 -52 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202506113
持续提高新能源并网比例、推进新型电力系统建设,是实现二氧化碳减排的主要途径。截至2025年一季度,我国风电、光伏发电累计装机容量到14.82亿千瓦,其中风电5.36亿千瓦,光伏发电9.46亿千瓦,风电光伏装机规模首次超过火电装机(14.51亿千瓦)[1-2]
然而风能、光伏等新能源发电具有波动性、随机性与间歇性,在其大规模并网后显著增加了电力系统维持供需平衡的调节难度,对灵活性调节资源的需求大幅增加,这要求煤电在发挥电力保供基础上,进一步向支撑性与调节性电源转型。
相关研究及锅炉实际运行工况表明,锅炉低负荷运行时,炉膛出口烟气温度易下降,会影响炉内传热,导致主蒸汽或再热蒸汽温度下降、锅炉效率降低等问题[1-6]。因此,低负荷下锅炉稳定燃烧与烟温实现协同调控,以保证锅炉稳定高效运行,是锅炉深度灵活调峰面临的关键问题。王乐甘等[7]研究了某1 000 MW超超临界切圆燃烧锅炉30%负荷运行特性,提出了锅炉低负荷运行的参数优化方案提升超低负荷运行稳定性。尤默等[8]则通过数值模拟和试验,探究了660 MW超临界锅炉的低负荷燃烧特性,提出了一种运行控制策略,该策略能确保墙式切圆锅炉在30%低负荷下稳定燃烧,并使主蒸汽参数满足运行要求。然而,上述相关研究主要集中于燃烧组织对锅炉燃烧稳定性影响策略,对于低负荷下锅炉燃烧稳定性与烟气温度协同调控以保证锅炉低负荷稳定高效燃烧的相关研究较少。因此,系统研究燃烧组织方式对低负荷燃烧稳定性及烟温调控的影响,对于实现深度灵活调峰锅炉稳定高效运行具有重要的理论和实际意义。
煤粉供给与需求变化的迟滞难以匹配快速燃烧过程是制约机组灵活性的核心问题,基于此,华中科技大学提出高质储能小粉仓灵活燃料燃烧技术[9-10],构建煤粉快速选、存、供、燃灵活燃料燃烧系统,提升锅炉燃料与燃烧过程的灵活性。但小粉仓储粉过程中产生的乏气多采用送至磨煤机进口作为再循环风,可导致磨煤机干燥出力降低,或进入一次风粉管作为送粉介质,对燃烧器性能产生负面影响[11],亟需提出一种小粉仓乏气利用方式,进一步将小粉仓系统与锅炉有机结合。因此,提出将乏气通入炉膛燃烧方式,通过合理布置乏气通入位置,并结合炉膛整体的燃烧优化状况,实现深度灵活调峰锅炉低负荷稳定燃烧并保证锅炉效率(蒸汽参数),形成深度灵活调峰锅炉低负荷稳燃提效技术。
本文针对某600 MW等级亚临界机组锅炉,系统研究了锅炉50%负荷条件下乏气通入不同位置对锅炉低负荷稳燃特性以及蒸汽参数的影响策略,提出了锅炉低负荷稳燃协同烟温调控策略。
研究对象为上海锅炉厂生产的600 MW等级亚临界锅炉,型号为SG-2028/17.5-M907,切向燃烧,摆动调温,固态排渣、全钢架结构、平衡通风。整体尺寸为19.56 m(宽)×17.45 m(深)×64.98 m(高),露天布置。实际燃用煤质分析见表1
锅炉燃烧器呈四角布置,切向燃烧。每角燃烧器风箱分为14层,其中A、B、C、D、E、F6层(由上向下)为煤粉燃烧器,其余8层为二次风喷嘴。
在AB、CD、EF 3层二次风室内设有启动及助燃用油枪,在燃尽区,布置有7层分离燃尽风(SOFA)喷口,实现炉膛空气分级,降低NOx排放。锅炉受热面布置如图1所示。
模拟选取的计算区域为锅炉冷灰斗到省煤器出口区域,基于实际尺寸进行了三维建模,并对计算区域进行网格划分。锅炉中对流受热面通常由大量管屏组成,在建模时很难将所有管屏及管子的几何模型都详细表示出来,故在模型中将其等效为多孔介质体,孔隙率、渗透率等关键参数根据现场实测及DCS数据进行调整,模拟计算中保持压差一致。对于布置在炉膛上方的屏式过热器、后屏过热器和屏式再热器,由于其所处位置的原因仍会接受来自周围烟气及下炉膛高温火焰的大量辐射热,属于半辐射受热面,如果也将其建模为一个体,则无法体现火焰-受热面间的辐射换热,因此在建模时需将这些换热器的管屏以平面的形式建模,并在模型中定义为吸热壁面。炉膛网格划分如图2所示。研究过程中进行网格无关性检查,确定的网格总数约370万。
煤粉燃烧是一个复杂的物理、化学反应过程,包括气固两相流动等物理过程和燃烧、传热传质等化学过程。针对炉膛燃烧模拟,湍流流动采用Realizable k-ε模型进行模拟[12],Turbulent Intensity和Turbulent Viscosity Rati保持默认值5%、10。煤粉颗粒的运动采用随机轨道法模拟,其中气相流场与颗粒相之间的质量、动量和能量交换,通过将颗粒源项耦合到气相守恒方程中实现,采用PSIC(particle-source-in-cell)方法[13],每计算100个气相方程耦合一次颗粒源项。模拟中假定煤粉颗粒粒径分布遵循Rosin-Rammler分布,据此将其离散化为9个粒径组(5.8~230.0 μm),其平均粒径和分布均匀性指数基于煤粉细度实测数据确定。烟气发射率采用灰色气体加权和模型计算。在燃烧反应模型方面,挥发分燃烧采用两步总包反应模型,其湍流反应速率由涡耗散模型计算;焦炭燃烧反应速率则采用动力学/扩散控制模型计算[14]。数值求解采用压力基(Pressure-Based)求解器,其中压力-速度耦合求解采用SIMPLE算法[15]
为验证模型准确性,采用与电厂锅炉实际运行相同的负荷与配风方式进行了模拟,并将得到的模拟结果与实际运行数据进行对比。本文针对100%负荷和50%负荷下锅炉的基本运行工况进行模拟,锅炉的相关运行参数见表2,100%负荷与50%负荷测量与模拟结果见表3
表3可以看出,炉膛出口O2体积分数和温度的模拟值与锅炉实际运行数据的相对误差均在5%以内,表明研究过程中采用的网格划分和数值模型可较为准确模拟该锅炉的炉内燃烧、流动等过程,并可用于后续的锅炉低负荷下燃烧特性研究。
采用数值模拟方法研究600 MW等级亚临界锅炉乏气通入炉膛不同位置燃烧对锅炉燃烧稳定性以及蒸汽参数的影响,600 MW等级锅炉50%负荷下模拟工况具体参数见表4
50%负荷工况下,燃烧器运行层数为C、D、E,B层燃烧器对应磨煤机运行产生煤粉进入小粉仓,经细粉分离器分离出来的乏气通入锅炉。乏气风量与B磨煤机一次风粉管风量相当,乏气粉量约为B煤机磨煤粉量的10%,且以粒径小于21.8 µm煤粉为主。乏气位置及特性参数见表5。乏气通入炉膛不同位置的工况设置见表6
首先建立各型式燃烧器及各层二次风喷嘴的物理模型,进行仿真计算,将获得的模型出口处的速度、温度、湍流动能、湍流耗散率及组分分布数据作为锅炉模型中燃烧器与二次风入口的边界条件。A—E层煤粉燃烧器为垂直浓淡煤粉燃烧器,其中A、B、D层为“下浓上淡”燃烧器,C、E层为“上浓下淡”燃烧器,F层燃烧器(最下层)为微油点火燃烧器。此次针对投运C、D、E层燃烧器、E与F层燃尽风、二次风(AA、AB、BC、CD、DE、EF、FF)进行模拟。
50%负荷时投运层燃烧器、二次风及燃尽风,其速度分布如图3所示。FF层托底风、E与F层燃尽风喷口风速较高,中间层二次风喷口风速较低,与现场运行一致。
50%负荷时工况1—4的炉膛对角截面速度分布如图4所示。由图4可知:工况2乏气通入主燃区OFA位置,工况3乏气通入还原区WA位置,工况4乏气通入燃尽区底层SOFA位置均可看到明显乏气气流,喷口流速约49 m/s;FF层、SOFA层速度较高,主燃区其他层二次风速度较低,工况1—4炉膛整体速度场分布合理,确保气流与煤粉的充分混合。图5为工况1—4燃烧器D层、二次风DE层水平截面速度分布。可知不同工况下炉内均能形成完整的切圆流场,且切圆大小和射流刚性未发生明显变化。总体来说,乏气通入炉膛不同位置均未对炉膛整体流动状态产生明显影响,炉膛内气流流动合理,可保证煤粉与空气充分混合和燃烧。
50%负荷时工况1—4的炉膛对角截面温度分布如图6所示。炉内整体温度分布受燃烧放热及壁面传热综合影响,温度分布沿炉膛高度呈现先升高后降低的趋势。随着煤粉由一次风携带喷入燃烧,燃烧放热持续增加,烟气温度迅速升高,并在还原区达到峰值。后由于燃尽风的喷入冷却高温烟气,同时燃烧过程趋于结束,烟气温度逐渐降低。由图6可知,工况1、工况3、工况4最高温度分布在顶层煤粉燃烧器与燃尽风喷口之间区域,最高温度约1 620 ℃,工况2由于乏气通入OFA,最高温度分布在顶层燃烧器位置,最高温度约1 590 ℃,工况1—4燃烧器区域温度分布未发生明显变化,炉膛整体温度场分布合理,可保证煤粉稳定燃烧。
图7为工况1—4二次风DE层、燃烧器D层水平截面温度分布,可知不同工况下炉内温度场与速度场分布一致,高温气流稳定旋转燃烧。因乏气为含有少量煤粉的空气,可迅速与可燃气体和焦炭混合燃烧释放热量,可一定程度提升乏气通入位置处烟气温度,但由于乏气本身温度低,燃烧过程中会吸收周围热量提高自身温度,因此烟气温度并未大幅度升高。总体来说,乏气通入炉膛不同位置均未对炉膛整体温度分布、燃烧器区域温度分布产生明显影响,锅炉燃烧状态稳定,保证煤粉与空气着火及燃尽。
50%负荷时工况1—4炉膛中心位置烟气温度沿炉膛高度分布如图8所示。由图8可知,工况1—4在主燃烧、还原区、燃尽区温度分布基本一致,进一步验证了乏气通入炉膛不同位置不会对锅炉低负荷稳燃产生不利影响。到达屏区位置后,工况3温度分布明显高于其他工况,分析主要原因为在还原区通入乏气,相当于缩短了还原距离,及时补入燃烧所需空气促使未燃尽物质和自带煤粉燃烧,待到达燃尽风位置后进一步充分燃烧。乏气通入锅炉还原区,有效提升了空气与燃烧物质的混合程度,强化燃烧,释放更多热量,使得燃尽风后烟气温度及屏区烟气温度升高。
50%负荷时工况1—4的炉膛对角截面氧气体积分数分布如图9所示。模拟结果表明:在燃烧中心附近,因煤粉剧烈燃烧消耗大量氧气,氧气体积分数迅速降低;在SOFA喷口附近,因燃尽风的补充,氧气体积分数又有所升高,由于托底风FF的作用,煤粉随气流旋转上升燃烧,未落入冷灰斗,冷灰斗处氧气体积分数增加;由于乏气通入WA,工况3还原区氧气体积分数增加。
图10为工况1—4燃烧器D层、二次风DE层水平截面氧气体积分数分布。可知不同工况下煤粉气流喷出燃烧器后剧烈燃烧,氧气迅速消耗。煤粉气流运动过程中,剧烈燃烧产生的高速高温区与低氧区保持一致。
总体来说,乏气通入炉膛不同位置均未对炉膛整体氧气体积分数分布、燃烧器区域氧气体积分数分布产生明显影响,主燃区与燃尽区提供充足氧气保证煤粉快速燃烧及燃尽,不会对炉膛低负荷稳燃产生影响。
表7为炉膛屏下(折焰角)和屏后(屏式再热器)截面温度数据。工况3中乏气通入炉膛还原区使得该区域炉膛热负荷较基准工况略微上移,屏下烟气温度升高约26.7 ℃;同时烟气流速增加,屏区换热量增加,使得屏后烟气温度较基准工况降低约19.8 ℃。工况3屏过烟气温差增加约46.5 ℃,蒸汽吸热量增加,有利于低负荷下保证主蒸汽和再热蒸汽温度参数。工况2中乏气通入炉膛主燃区上部使得炉膛热负荷较基准工况略微下移,分析主要原因为乏气气流无摆角,一二次风摆角分别为10°、15°,乏气气流抑制了火焰中心上移,主燃区吸热量增加,导致屏下烟气温度较基准工况降低约51.5 ℃,不利于低负荷下保证主蒸汽和再热蒸汽温度参数。工况4中乏气通入炉膛燃尽区下部使得炉膛热负荷较基准工况略微上移,火焰中心移至燃尽风区域,燃尽风区域壁面吸热量增加,导致屏下烟气温度较基准工况降低约49.2 ℃,不利于低负荷下保证主蒸汽和再热蒸汽温度参数。
50%负荷时工况1—4炉膛壁面热通量分布的如图11所示。壁面热通量峰值区域与烟气温度峰值区相对应,这主要源于炉膛以辐射换热为主,而辐射换热量对温度变化极为敏感,因此壁面热通量的分布本质上由炉内温度分布决定,两者沿高度方向变化趋势一致。对比工况1—4的模拟计算结果,验证了乏气通入还原区可使炉膛火焰高温区域上移,有利于提高屏区烟气温度,强化屏区传热,提升低负荷主蒸汽及再热蒸汽参数。
针对某电厂600 MW等级亚临界锅炉,通过数值模拟手段系统研究了锅炉50%负荷下小粉仓乏气通入炉膛不同位置对锅炉低负荷稳燃特性及炉膛热负荷和烟温协同调控的影响策略,主要结论如下
1)在50%负荷下,小粉仓乏气通入炉膛OFA、WA、SOFA燃烧,对炉膛整体温度场、流场、浓度场的影响不大,均可形成稳定切圆及高温区域,对锅炉低负荷稳燃性能未产生明显影响。
2)乏气通入WA位置,即炉膛还原区,能够使得火焰高温区域一定程度上移,这有利于保证深度灵活调峰锅炉低负荷运行主蒸汽和再热蒸汽参数,低负荷稳燃与烟温协同调控效果明显。
3)本文提出一种小粉仓乏气利用方式,与现有通入磨煤机或燃烧器方式相比,通入炉膛还原区系统改造成本低,现场操作风险低,不会对磨煤机、燃烧器性能产生不利影响。
4)通过数值模拟方法,获得了50%负荷下通过小粉仓乏气再利用实现锅炉低负荷稳燃协同烟温调控策略,未来需扩展至更低负荷研究,以期为火电机组宽负荷灵活调峰运行提供全面参考。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFB4102902)
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2026年第55卷第3期
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doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202506113
  • 接收时间:2025-06-27
  • 首发时间:2026-08-14
  • 出版时间:2026-03-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-27
  • 修回日期:2025-07-26
  • 录用日期:2025-07-29
基金
National Key Research and Development Program(2023YFB4102902)
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFB4102902)
作者信息
    1.烟台龙源电力技术股份有限公司,山东 烟台 264006
    2.华中科技大学煤燃烧与低碳利用全国重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430074

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范燕荣(1989),女,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为火电清洁灵活高效运行,
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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