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Article(id=1295064900968149737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1295064874678252123, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19666/j.rlfd.202504078, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1744905600000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-18, revisedDate=1749916800000, revisedDateStr=2025-06-15, acceptedDate=1750089600000, acceptedDateStr=2025-06-17, onlineDate=1786697133533, onlineDateStr=2026-08-14, pubDate=1774368000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1786697133533, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-08-14, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1786697133533, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1786697133533, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1295064874678252123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, year='2026', volume='55', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='184', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1774368000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1786697127264, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1786698874628, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1295072203708592834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1295064874678252123, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1295072203708592835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1295064874678252123, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=72, endPage=81, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1295064901765067499, articleId=1295064900968149737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=EN, title=Experimental study on enhancing smoldering propagation behavior via biomass conditioning in high-moisture sludge smoldering disposal, columnId=1295064901374997226, journalTitle=Thermal Power Generation, columnName=Biomass co-firing technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

As an emerging high-moisture solid waste treatment method, smoldering disposal technology shows unique advantages in the disposal of high-moisture and low-calorific sludge. However, its self-sustaining propagation process is easily affected by material characteristics and operating parameters, and there is a risk of propagation instability caused by the attenuation of reaction intensity. Taking high-moisture sludge (moisture content >65%) as the disposal object, this study systematically investigates the effects of the mixing ratio of quartz sand to sludge (2:1~5:1) and air Darcy velocities (5~8 cm/s) on smoldering propagation under biomass conditioning, and explores the boundary of biomass conditioning ratio for complete smoldering propagation. The results show that under the condition of a fixed Darcy flow rate of 5 cm/s, the critical biomass conditioning ratio linearly increases from 4% to 10% and the critical unit calorific value of the smoldering system remains stable at approximately 0.339 MJ/kg when the sand-sludge mixing ratio is increased from 2:1 to 5:1. When the sand-sludge mixing ratio is fixed at 3:1, the critical biomass conditioning ratio linearly decreases from 6% to 2% when the air Darcy velocity increases from 5 cm/s to 8 cm/s, corresponding to a linear decrease in critical unit calorific value from 0.339 MJ/kg to 0.172 MJ/kg. The material exhibits collapse characteristics after smoldering disposal, and the biomass conditioning ratio has no significant effect on the top collapse height when it exceeds the critical value. These results can provide reliable scientific references for solving the efficient smoldering disposal of high-moisture sludge.

, authors=Yubo CHEN1, Lun MA1, Kaiyuan LI1, Yu QIAO2, Ji YE3, authorsList=Yubo CHEN, Lun MA, Kaiyuan LI, Yu QIAO, Ji YE, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Lun MA, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1295064906399773443, articleId=1295064900968149737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=CN, title=高湿污泥阴燃处置中生物质调质强化阴燃传播行为实验研究, columnId=1295064901886702316, journalTitle=热力发电, columnName=生物质掺烧技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

阴燃处置技术作为新兴的高湿固体废物处理手段，在处置高湿低热值污泥方面展现出独特优势，然而其自持传播过程易受物料特性与运行参数影响，存在反应强度衰减导致的传播失稳风险。故以含水率大于65%的高湿污泥为处置对象，系统考察石英砂与污泥掺混质量比（2：1~5：1）、空气达西流速（5~8 cm/s）对生物质调质原料污泥的阴燃传播特性影响，探究阴燃完全传播的生物质调质比例边界。结果表明：在固定达西流速为5 cm/s条件下，石英砂与污泥掺混比从2：1增加到5：1时，维持阴燃完全传播的临界生物质调质比例从4%呈线性增长至10%，阴燃系统临界单位热值稳定于0.339 MJ/kg；当石英砂与污泥掺混比例固定为3：1时，达西流速由5 cm/s提升至8 cm/s，临界生物质调质比例从6%也基本呈现线性递减至2%，对应临界单位热值由0.339 MJ/kg线性降至0.172 MJ/kg；阴燃处置后物料存在塌陷特征，且当生物质调质比例超过临界值后，其含量变化对顶部塌陷高度无显著影响。该研究结果可为解决高湿污泥高效阴燃处置提供参考。

, authors=陈禹博1, 马仑1, 李开源1, 乔瑜2, 叶骥3, authorsList=陈禹博, 马仑, 李开源, 乔瑜, 叶骥, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=马仑, authorNote=

陈禹博（2002），男，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为有机固废安全处置与利用，。

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马仑（1990），男，工学博士，特设研究员，主要研究方向为有机固废热处置与资源化，。
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陈禹博（2002），男，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为有机固废安全处置与利用，。

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陈禹博（2002），男，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为有机固废安全处置与利用，。

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for smoldering complete propagation at different Darcy velocities, figureFileSmall=SRjUELrVjwHMTNkEW50rLQ==, figureFileBig=u2ofVm0VDZlhybxQ8G66dw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295064915291697990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064900968149737, language=CN, label=图11, caption=不同达西流速下阴燃完全传播系统单位热值, figureFileSmall=SRjUELrVjwHMTNkEW50rLQ==, figureFileBig=u2ofVm0VDZlhybxQ8G66dw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295064915375584071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064900968149737, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Proximate analysis and calorific value of sludge and biomass

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项目工业分析war/%Qnet，ar/（MJ·kg–1）
水分灰分固定碳挥发分
污泥66.9516.951.5914.510.33
生物质9.241.6112.4276.7318.01
), ArticleFig(id=1295064915442692936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064900968149737, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

污泥及生物质工业分析及低位发热量

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项目工业分析war/%Qnet，ar/（MJ·kg–1）
水分灰分固定碳挥发分
污泥66.9516.951.5914.510.33
生物质9.241.6112.4276.7318.01
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高湿污泥阴燃处置中生物质调质强化阴燃传播行为实验研究
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陈禹博 1 , 马仑 1 , 李开源 1 , 乔瑜 2 , 叶骥 3
热力发电 | 生物质掺烧技术 2026,55(3): 72-81
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热力发电 |生物质掺烧技术 2026 , 55 (3) : 72 -81
高湿污泥阴燃处置中生物质调质强化阴燃传播行为实验研究
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陈禹博1 , 马仑1 , 李开源1, 乔瑜2, 叶骥3
作者信息
  • 1.武汉理工大学安全科学与应急管理学院，湖北 武汉 430070
  • 2.华中科技大学煤燃烧与低碳利用全国重点实验室，湖北 武汉 430074
  • 3.广东能源集团科学技术研究院有限公司，广东 广州 511400
通讯作者:
马仑（1990），男，工学博士，特设研究员，主要研究方向为有机固废热处置与资源化，。
作者简介:

陈禹博（2002），男，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为有机固废安全处置与利用，。

Experimental study on enhancing smoldering propagation behavior via biomass conditioning in high-moisture sludge smoldering disposal
Yubo CHEN1 , Lun MA1 , Kaiyuan LI1, Yu QIAO2, Ji YE3
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
  • 2.State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion and Low Carbon Utilization, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
  • 3.Guangdong Energy Group Science and Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 511400, China
出版时间: 2026-03-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202504078
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阴燃处置技术作为新兴的高湿固体废物处理手段，在处置高湿低热值污泥方面展现出独特优势，然而其自持传播过程易受物料特性与运行参数影响，存在反应强度衰减导致的传播失稳风险。故以含水率大于65%的高湿污泥为处置对象，系统考察石英砂与污泥掺混质量比（2：1~5：1）、空气达西流速（5~8 cm/s）对生物质调质原料污泥的阴燃传播特性影响，探究阴燃完全传播的生物质调质比例边界。结果表明：在固定达西流速为5 cm/s条件下，石英砂与污泥掺混比从2：1增加到5：1时，维持阴燃完全传播的临界生物质调质比例从4%呈线性增长至10%，阴燃系统临界单位热值稳定于0.339 MJ/kg；当石英砂与污泥掺混比例固定为3：1时，达西流速由5 cm/s提升至8 cm/s，临界生物质调质比例从6%也基本呈现线性递减至2%，对应临界单位热值由0.339 MJ/kg线性降至0.172 MJ/kg；阴燃处置后物料存在塌陷特征，且当生物质调质比例超过临界值后，其含量变化对顶部塌陷高度无显著影响。该研究结果可为解决高湿污泥高效阴燃处置提供参考。

高湿污泥  /  阴燃处置  /  生物质调质  /  传播行为  /  临界比例

As an emerging high-moisture solid waste treatment method, smoldering disposal technology shows unique advantages in the disposal of high-moisture and low-calorific sludge. However, its self-sustaining propagation process is easily affected by material characteristics and operating parameters, and there is a risk of propagation instability caused by the attenuation of reaction intensity. Taking high-moisture sludge (moisture content >65%) as the disposal object, this study systematically investigates the effects of the mixing ratio of quartz sand to sludge (2:1~5:1) and air Darcy velocities (5~8 cm/s) on smoldering propagation under biomass conditioning, and explores the boundary of biomass conditioning ratio for complete smoldering propagation. The results show that under the condition of a fixed Darcy flow rate of 5 cm/s, the critical biomass conditioning ratio linearly increases from 4% to 10% and the critical unit calorific value of the smoldering system remains stable at approximately 0.339 MJ/kg when the sand-sludge mixing ratio is increased from 2:1 to 5:1. When the sand-sludge mixing ratio is fixed at 3:1, the critical biomass conditioning ratio linearly decreases from 6% to 2% when the air Darcy velocity increases from 5 cm/s to 8 cm/s, corresponding to a linear decrease in critical unit calorific value from 0.339 MJ/kg to 0.172 MJ/kg. The material exhibits collapse characteristics after smoldering disposal, and the biomass conditioning ratio has no significant effect on the top collapse height when it exceeds the critical value. These results can provide reliable scientific references for solving the efficient smoldering disposal of high-moisture sludge.

high-moisture sludge  /  smoldering disposal  /  biomass conditioning  /  propagation behavior  /  critical ratio
陈禹博, 马仑, 李开源, 乔瑜, 叶骥. 高湿污泥阴燃处置中生物质调质强化阴燃传播行为实验研究. 热力发电, 2026 , 55 (3) : 72 -81 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202504078
Yubo CHEN, Lun MA, Kaiyuan LI, Yu QIAO, Ji YE. Experimental study on enhancing smoldering propagation behavior via biomass conditioning in high-moisture sludge smoldering disposal[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2026 , 55 (3) : 72 -81 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202504078
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截至2022年末，我国县级以上城镇地区全年污水处理总量达626.8亿m3，共计产生污泥约为8 000万吨（以80%含水率为计）。高湿污泥中往往含有镉、铅等重金属，这些重金属在高含水率条件下更容易发生迁移，并在食物链中累积，进而对人体健康产生危害[1]；同时也含有大肠杆菌、寄生虫卵等病原体，这些病原体容易通过蚊蝇、水体传播疾病，产生公共卫生安全隐患[2]。国家发展改革委和住房城乡建设部印发的《“十四五”城镇污水处理及资源化利用发展规划》中指出，到2025年，城市和县城污泥无害化、资源化利用水平进一步提升，城市污泥无害化处置率达95%以上。
高湿污泥处理是固废处置领域的难题之一。当前针对高湿污泥的传统处理方法主要有填埋处理和热化学处理[3-4]。污泥填埋在中国被广泛使用，约占总污泥处置量的65%[5]，然而随着土地资源紧缺问题加剧和环境风险管控要求提升，该技术因存在土壤污染隐患，正逐步被新型环保处理技术所取代[6]。热化学处理方法，如燃烧[7-8]、热解[9-10]、气化[11-12]等，能够使废弃物体积缩减达70%以上，并且通过热化学反应高效降解有机物并灭活病原体等微生物[13]。但是热化学处理需通过预干燥工序控制含水率，同时在燃烧阶段需持续投入辅助燃料来维持热值平衡，双重能耗投入导致运营成本较高。因此，实现高湿污泥的无害化、低成本高效处置，亟需创新优势技术的研发与投入。
阴燃研究主要起源于火灾传播与控制领域，2009年加拿大学者Switzer等人[14]率先提出阴燃可以作为一种低能耗的土壤去污技术。阴燃是一种缓慢、低温、无火焰的燃烧形式，通常发生在多孔介质中固体燃料表面[15]。在高湿污泥阴燃处理过程中，借助多孔介质辅助传质和蓄热，通过物料氧化反应释放的热量可满足干化和点燃所需热量，同时补偿系统热损失，继而促使整个过程无需外界能量即可实现阴燃反应持续传递[16]。因此，理论上阴燃处置技术可极大地降低高湿污泥的处置难度、能耗和运行成本，具备广阔的发展前景。近年来，阴燃处置技术作为一种新型的污泥热处理方法受到广泛关注。国内外学者已充分验证了阴燃用于处置高湿固废的技术可行性，陆续将阴燃技术推广到污泥[17]、粪便[18]、油泥[19]、沼渣[20]等高含水有机固废的处置领域。Fabris等人[21]探究了空气流速对高湿粪便（75.6%含水率）阴燃反应特性的影响，发现空气流速从0.11 cm/s提高到7.00 cm/s，粪便阴燃处置速率从12 g/h提高到了93 g/h。Rashwan等人[22]研究了含水量对于自持阴燃传播的影响，结果表明含水量高达80%的污泥（污泥低位发热值大于1.6 kJ/g）可实现自持阴燃反应。Serrano等人[23]以85%含水率的污泥为研究对象，探讨了物料配比（沙子/污泥比例）对污泥自持阴燃传播特性的影响，发现当沙子与污泥质量比为1：1时，污泥能实现稳定的自持燃烧。严超等[24]探究了60%含水率厨余垃圾阴燃工况，发现大米与石英砂质量比为4：1，达西流速为4 cm/s，点火温度为350 ℃时处置效果最好。成明锴等[25]研究50%含水率污泥阴燃处置后的残渣特性，发现残渣中主要无机矿物元素为Si，主要痕量重金属元素为Zn、Pb、Cr。综上，国内外学者已开展了较多阴燃关键工艺参数对阴燃过程温度分布、反应特性的影响研究。如今，大部分研究集中在实验室研究和关键参数对阴燃行为的影响[26]。
尽管阴燃在能耗、运行成本和处置效率方面具有诸多优点，但仍需要对工程应用中出现的问题进行深入研究。从处置连续性角度可以把阴燃处置分为间歇式和连续式2种工艺模式[27]。前者适用于小规模、多批次或物料性质波动大的应用场景，后者适用于规模化工业化生产的应用场景。然而，受制于物料本身属性及热量损失的影响，在阴燃反应传播过程中能量从反应区损失的速度比放热化学反应的放热量快[28]，导致阴燃自持传播（阴燃反应氧化阶段释放的能量足以维持反应传播）性能减弱甚至熄灭，最终影响污泥处置效率。这种现象针对间歇式处置工艺应用场景尤为显著。因有必要开展相关研究，改善阴燃传播行为，为工程化应用提供技术参考。在此背景下，本文以含水率67%的污泥（PDS）作为处置对象，通过添加适量生物质补偿阴燃反应区的热量损失，增强阴燃传播强度，并探究污泥与生物质掺混比例、石英砂与污泥掺混比例、空气达西流速对阴燃传播过程的影响；同时，明确阴燃完全传播条件下临界生物质调质边界，以期为高湿污泥阴燃处置过程中改善阴燃传播特性和处置效果、制定工程优化策略提供参考。
1　实验材料
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研究对象高湿污泥来源于某工业废水处理厂，污泥及用于调质污泥原料的生物质工业分析及热值如表1所示。污泥经过板框压滤后其含水率约66.95%，灰分为16.95%，低位发热量为0.33 MJ/kg；生物质采用粉末状锯末，粒径范围在0.5～1.6 mm，灰分相对较低，热值为18.01 MJ/kg。床料介质选取粒径为2～4 mm的石英砂。实验过程中，先将块状污泥通过机械破碎为小颗粒，破碎后的污泥按一定质量比例与生物质混合为待处理的原料物，然后再按一定质量比例与床料介质充分混合为多孔混合物料。
2　实验装置与方法
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高湿污泥阴燃处置实验装置示意如图1a）所示。实验装置主要由阴燃炉、供风装置、电加热装置、温度采集热电偶和温度巡检仪构成。阴燃炉为内径8 cm的特制不锈钢圆桶，外壁用5 cm厚石棉包裹，以达到保温隔热的目的。阴燃炉底部安装电加热盘和布风板。沿反应器垂直方向自底端开始，按3 cm等间距布设TC1—TC10 10支K型热电偶，最下层热电偶TC1距离电加热盘1 cm。热电偶与温度采集装置相连，每隔10 s记录1次物料内阴燃温度。阴燃炉底部的布风板与气体质量流量计（范围为0～100 L/min，精度为±1%）相连。结合反应过程中各热电偶峰值温度曲线、反应后顶层区域物料外观以及塌陷高度，可以分为2种典型情况：1）阴燃不完全传播，阴燃反应在向上传播过程中，因系统热值不足或热量损失过大而熄灭，致使无法有效处理热电偶TC10区域的物料；2）阴燃完全传播，阴燃反应可自持传播至热电偶TC10区域，并充分处理全部物料（图1b））。
实验过程中，首先在布风板上填充2～4 mm的粗颗粒石英砂层，确保气流在横截面上均匀分布通入反应容器中；然后添加细石英砂刚好覆盖加热盘，将湿物料与加热盘隔开，防止含水湿物料中水分渗入加热盘内部，导致加热盘短路失效；随后将多孔混合物料填入阴燃炉反应器。每次实验混合物料高度控制在完全覆盖TC10，然后在物料上方覆盖2 cm厚的纯石英砂以增强系统蓄热能力。然后，打开电加热装置对底部物料进行加热，当TC1温度达到点火温度时关闭电加热装置，启动供气系统，完成阴燃点火，直至物料消耗完毕。为确保实验结果的准确性与一致性，对临界生物质含量及其两侧生物质含量（即低于临界生物质含量和高于临界生物质含量）的工况进行3次重复实验，取3次重复实验的平均值作为实验结果。
石英砂、污泥、生物质混合物的系统单位热值QHHV（MJ/kg）采用以下公式计算：
QHHV=QHV1×M1+QHV2×M2M3+M1+M2
式中：QHV1为污泥的热值，MJ/kg；M1为污泥质量占比，%；QHV2为生物质热值，MJ/kg；M2为生物质质量占比，%；M3为石英砂质量占比，%。
3　结果与分析
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3.1　不同石英砂与污泥掺比下生物质调质阴燃反应传播行为
图2为在石英砂与污泥质量比x=2：1，达西流速为5 cm/s条件下，添加不同生物质质量分数调质污泥原料的阴燃温度演变曲线。可以看出，在点火前预热阶段，由于最下层热电偶TC1靠近加热装置，温度最先上升到100 ℃，底部混合物料中水分开始蒸发，并逐渐被干燥。当热电偶TC1温度达到点火温度280 ℃时，关闭电加热装置，开启供风装置，此时底层干燥物料被引燃并发生剧烈氧化反应，温度快速上升到600 ℃以上。随着底部物料的燃烧消耗，热电偶TC1温度开始逐渐下降，同时，阴燃烟气向上流动，干化并引燃相邻的上层混合物料，最终实现阴燃反应由下而上的持续传播。在阴燃向上传播的过程中，热电偶测得的峰值温度逐渐降低，可能主要原因如下：一方面，下层物料干化过程中产生的水蒸气大部分会在烟气携带作用下快速排出阴燃炉，同时，剩余水蒸气会吸附在上层新鲜物料内，导致上层新鲜物料区含水率有所增加，这部分水蒸气会在后期阴燃反应干化过程中消耗更多热量；另一方面，随着阴燃向上传播，高温反应区越接近物料顶部，上部物料区蓄热能力减弱，系统热量越容易损失。
在不添加生物质情况下，热电偶TC1—TC4可以维持较高的温度水平（400 ℃以上），而阴燃传播到热电偶TC5位置时，其温度显著下降到300 ℃以下，阴燃自持传播性能显著减弱，热电偶TC5以上区域的混合物料自持阴燃失败。在添加2%、3%生物质条件下，热电偶TC5区域温度得到了显著提升，这是由于生物质燃烧释放的热量补充了一部分系统损失的热量，热电偶TC5区域附近的阴燃自持传播性能得到有效改善，可进一步向上传播；然而，添加2%生物质工况下热电偶TC6区域以及3%生物质工况下热电偶TC7区域的温度均显著下降至200 ℃以下，阴燃自持传播性能显著减弱，致使阴燃反应无法维持持续传播过程。进一步，添加4%、5%生物质后，TC1—TC7位置的燃料层温度始终稳定维持在较高温度水平（400 ℃以上）；TC8—TC10测点温度较低主要是由于在阴燃向上传播过程中，随着底层物料持续消耗，上层物料在重力作用下向下移动坍塌至热电偶TC8区域，导致TC8—TC10区域因混合物料缺失而呈现较低温度。在添加4%生物质工况条件下，成功实现阴燃反应从TC1—TC7区域的稳定自持传播，且阴燃峰值温度维持在较高水平。因此，x=2：1条件下，污泥与生物质混合物中生物质的添加质量比4%为维持阴燃完全自持传播的临界阈值。
图3—图5为x为3：1、4：1、5：1添加不同质量分数生物质的阴燃温度演变曲线。总体而言，温度演变趋势与x等于2：1相似。生物质掺混后各热电偶测点温度均呈现显著升高趋势，阴燃自持传播性能都得到了一定改善；但不同x下生物质添加质量分数临界值存在一定差异，x越高，维持阴燃传播至顶层所需的临界生物质量越高。综合阴燃温度曲线以及反应后表层物料外观图分析，x分别为3：1、4：1、5：1条件下，维持阴燃完全传播至顶层所需的临界生物质质量分数分别为6%、8%、10%。
图6展示了不同x下物料顶部塌陷高度。生物质掺量低于临界值时，物料顶部塌陷高度相对较小，且随着生物质掺量增加，塌陷高度逐渐增加；当生物质掺量高于临界值时，物料顶部塌陷高度随生物质增加变化相对较小。这进一步说明了x分别为3：1、4：1、5：1条件下，维持阴燃完全传播至顶层的临界生物质质量分数分别为6%、8%、10%。
图7展示了不同x下生物质添加量与阴燃传播行为的关系。图7中，黄色区域表示满足阴燃传播至顶层的参数组合域，而蓝色区域则表示阴燃无法传播至顶层的参数组合域。x从2：1增加到5：1，维持阴燃完全传播的生物质阈值由4%呈线性增长至10%。这是由于随着x增加，单位体积内污泥质量和放热量减小，系统综合热值降低[29]，需要通过提高生物质质量分数补偿系统热值损失，从而达到满足阴燃自持传播的最低系统热值。但高生物质调质比例也会增加生物质成本，实际应用需综合考虑运行成本，选择合适生物质调质比例。
图8展示了不同x下添加生物质后的系统单位热值。在不添加生物质的工况下，系统单位热值处于较低水平（约0.1 MJ/kg），且随着x升高，系统单位热值从0.110 MJ/kg降低到0.055 MJ/kg。添加生物质后，4种x工况（2：1、3：1、4：1、5：1）的系统单位热值均得到了显著提升，生物质含量达到各工况临界生物质掺量所对应的系统单位热值分别为0.347、0.352、0.339、0.350 MJ/kg。综合来看，在所有实验工况中，当系统单位热值高于0.339 MJ/kg时，阴燃可顺利完全传播至物料顶层；当低于0.339 MJ/kg时阴燃无法传播至物料顶层。综上所述，在空气达西流速一定情况下（5 cm/s），x从2：1增加到5：1时，阴燃完全传播混合物料系统的临界单位热值存在相对稳定的边界阈值（0.339 MJ/kg左右）。
3.2　不同达西流速下生物质调质阴燃反应传播行为
在一定范围内，提升空气流速可有效强化多孔混合基质物料内部的氧传输过程，进而促进氧化反应强度和放热过程。在x为3：1条件下，达西流速分别为5、6、7、8 cm/s，调节生物质添加比例，探究不同空气达西流速下阴燃完全传播至物料顶层所需要的生物质临界掺量。
图9展示了不同达西流速下阴燃传播至物料顶层的生物质添加量临界值。烟气携带热损失与氧传质强化氧化放热的竞争会直接影响达西流速和生物质掺量变化。低达西流速5 cm/s和高生物质掺量5%的组合，尽管燃料充足，但受限于氧气扩散速率，无法有效维持阴燃反应强度，因此无法完全传播至顶层物料区域；高达西流速8 cm/s与低生物质掺量1%的组合也无法使阴燃传播至顶层，虽然此时氧气供应充足，但烟气会带走一部分热量，系统热值不足，系统反应热平衡无法维持，降低了传播过程中阴燃强度，抑制了阴燃传播行为。达西流速从5 cm/s增加到8 cm/s，阴燃传播至物料顶层所需的生物质临界掺量从6%降低到2%，呈显著下降趋势。由于达西流速的提升增强了系统内氧气传输效率，促进氧气通量向污泥表面扩散，物料表面含氧量显著升高[30]；这种氧传质增强作用强化了氧化反应，使得反应释放的能量足以抵消系统热损失，因此较高达西流速下，添加少量生物质即可维持系统热平衡。
图10展示了不同达西流速下物料顶部塌陷高度。同样可以看出，当生物质掺量高于临界值时，物料顶部塌陷高度随生物质掺量增加变化相对较小。这也进一步说明，当空气流速从5 cm/s增加到8 cm/s，阴燃完全传播所需的临界生物质掺量从6%逐渐降低到2%。
图11为不同达西流速下添加生物质后系统单位热值。增加达西流速后，阴燃传播至顶层所需的临界生物质掺量减少，导致临界系统单位热值逐渐降低。也就是说，在石英砂与污泥混合比例一定情况下，混合物料系统临界单位热值的边界阈值随着空气达西流速增加而逐渐降低。这说明在本文研究一定范围内，高达西流速所产生的氧化放热强化作用明显高于烟气携带热损失，阴燃能够更容易传播至物料顶层。在实际工程中，为兼顾污泥处理效能与经济性平衡，可以通过污泥物料调质、石英砂-污泥调配、以及空气达西流速的组合优化（推荐采用低石英砂污泥配比与高流速协同调控策略，如x=3：1，达西流速7 cm/s），提高污泥处置效率和处置能力，又可减少生物质消耗，降低处置成本。
4　结论
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本文探究了不同石英砂与污泥掺混比例、空气达西流速条件下生物质调质污泥原料对阴燃传播过程的影响，获得了阴燃完全传播的临界生物质调质比例边界。研究结果可为高湿污泥阴燃处置过程中改善阴燃传播特性，提高阴燃处置效果，制定工程优化策略提供参考。主要结论如下。
1）添加生物质能够有效提高系统整体温度，改善阴燃传播行为，适合的生物质添加比例可使阴燃向上完全传播至顶层物料区。
2）空气达西流速一定的情况下（5 cm/s），石英砂与污泥掺混比例从2：1增加到5：1时，阴燃完全传播所需的临界生物质调质比例从4%线性增加到10%，混合物料系统的临界单位热值存在相对稳定的边界阈值（约0.339 MJ/kg左右）。
3）石英砂与污泥混合比例一定情况下（3：1），当空气流速从5 cm/s增加到8 cm/s时，阴燃完全传播所需的临界生物质质量分数从6%逐渐降低到2%，混合物料系统临界单位热值的边界阈值随着空气达西流速增加而逐渐降低，从0.339 MJ/kg线性降至0.172 MJ/kg。
4）生物质掺量低于临界值时，物料顶部塌陷高度相对较小，且随着生物质质量分数增加，塌陷高度逐渐增加；当生物质掺量高于临界值时，物料顶部塌陷高度随生物质掺量增加变化相对较小。
5）在工程实践中，为兼顾污泥处理效能与经济性平衡，推荐采用低配比与高流速协同调控策略（如x=3：1，达西流速7 cm/s），以达到在低成本基础上实现高效处置污泥的目的。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52306136)
  • 武汉市自然科学基金探索计划项目(2024040801020264)
  • 武汉理工大学自主创新基金项目(104972025RSCbs0023)
文献
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2026年第55卷第3期
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文章信息
doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202504078
  • 接收时间：2025-04-18
  • 首发时间：2026-08-14
  • 出版时间：2026-03-25
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  • 收稿日期：2025-04-18
  • 修回日期：2025-06-15
  • 录用日期：2025-06-17
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52306136)
国家自然科学基金项目(52306136)
Wuhan Natural Science Foundation Exploration Program(2024040801020264)
武汉市自然科学基金探索计划项目(2024040801020264)
Independent Innovation Fund of Wuhan University of Technology(104972025RSCbs0023)
武汉理工大学自主创新基金项目(104972025RSCbs0023)
作者信息
    1.武汉理工大学安全科学与应急管理学院，湖北 武汉 430070
    2.华中科技大学煤燃烧与低碳利用全国重点实验室，湖北 武汉 430074
    3.广东能源集团科学技术研究院有限公司，广东 广州 511400

通讯作者:

马仑（1990），男，工学博士，特设研究员，主要研究方向为有机固废热处置与资源化，。
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
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