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Article(id=1213131706165547465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1213131702797517129, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19666/j.rlfd.202306087, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1686240000000, receivedDateStr=2023-06-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1767162737646, onlineDateStr=2025-12-31, pubDate=1708790400000, pubDateStr=2024-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1767162737646, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-31, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1767162737646, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767162737646, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1213131702797517129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, year='2024', volume='53', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='198', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1767162736844, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767168616029, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1213156361978954089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1213131702797517129, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1213156361978954090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1213131702797517129, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1, endPage=7, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1213131707398672854, articleId=1213131706165547465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=EN, title=Research on low-carbon electric power development in China under “carbon neutralization and carbon peak” background, columnId=1213131705389597040, journalTitle=Thermal Power Generation, columnName=Technical and economic review, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The “carbon neutralization and carbon peak” goal proposed in the 14th Five-Year Plan has a profound effect on the power industry in many aspects, the transformation of electricity to low carbon direction has become an irreversible mainstream trend. This paper expounds the low-carbon power plant, low-carbon power grid, low-carbon energy consumption and related evaluation technologies in the low-carbon electric power system, and shows that the system has high efficiency, clean and recyclable low-carbon attributes in terms of energy saving, emission reduction and environmental protection. At the same time, the effect of the change of international low-carbon forms on China and the related problems in the concrete implementation of the “carbon neutralization and carbon peak” policy are analyzed, it puts forward a new scientific thinking for the implementation of the “carbon neutralization and carbon peak” strategy and the low-carbon transformation of the power industry.

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在“十四五”规划中提出的“碳中和”以及“碳达峰”目标对电力行业各方面的发展产生了深层次的影响，电力行业向低碳方向转型已成为主流趋势。通过阐述低碳电力体系中的低碳电厂、低碳电网、低碳能源消费以及相关评价技术，说明了该体系在节能减排、环境保护方面有着高效、清洁、可循环的低碳属性。同时，分析了国际低碳形式变化对我国的影响以及“双碳”政策具体落实过程中的相关问题，为“双碳”战略的执行以及电力行业的低碳转型提供了新的科研思路。

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任清洁（1970），男，高级工程师，主要研究方向为电力企业生态环境保护及新能源开发、政策研究与管理，。
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任晨星（1996），男，博士研究生，主要研究方向为低碳电力及新能源热电联供，。

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任晨星（1996），男，博士研究生，主要研究方向为低碳电力及新能源热电联供，。

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任晨星（1996），男，博士研究生，主要研究方向为低碳电力及新能源热电联供，。

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Comparison of national power consumption and capacity of full caliber power generation equipment in 2019 and 2020

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项目2019年全年累计量2020年全年累计量同比增长量/%
全国全社会用电量/(×108 kW·h)72 25575 1104.0
第一产业用电量/(×108 kW·h)7808599.2
第二产业用电量/(×108 kW·h)49 36251 2153.8
第三产业用电量/(×108 kW·h)11 86312 0871.9
全口径发电设备容量/(×104 kW)201 066220 0589.4
水电/(×104 kW)35 64037 0163.9
火电/(×104 kW)119 055124 5174.6
核电/(×104 kW)4 8744 9892.3
并网风电/(×104 kW)21 00528 15334.0
并网太阳能发电/(×104 kW)20 46825 34323.8
), ArticleFig(id=1213131714352829232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131706165547465, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2019年及2020年全国用电量及全口径发电设备容量对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目2019年全年累计量2020年全年累计量同比增长量/%
全国全社会用电量/(×108 kW·h)72 25575 1104.0
第一产业用电量/(×108 kW·h)7808599.2
第二产业用电量/(×108 kW·h)49 36251 2153.8
第三产业用电量/(×108 kW·h)11 86312 0871.9
全口径发电设备容量/(×104 kW)201 066220 0589.4
水电/(×104 kW)35 64037 0163.9
火电/(×104 kW)119 055124 5174.6
核电/(×104 kW)4 8744 9892.3
并网风电/(×104 kW)21 00528 15334.0
并网太阳能发电/(×104 kW)20 46825 34323.8
), ArticleFig(id=1213131714457686845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131706165547465, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Countries with carbon neutrality commitments and their progress

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
承诺国家实现进度实现时间
苏里南已实现2014年
不丹2018年
芬兰政策宣示2035年
冰岛、奥地利2040年
瑞典已立法2045年
英国、法国2050年
美国、德国、日本政策宣示2050年
中国、哈萨克斯坦2060年
), ArticleFig(id=1213131714608681799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131706165547465, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

承诺碳中和的国家及其进展情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
承诺国家实现进度实现时间
苏里南已实现2014年
不丹2018年
芬兰政策宣示2035年
冰岛、奥地利2040年
瑞典已立法2045年
英国、法国2050年
美国、德国、日本政策宣示2050年
中国、哈萨克斯坦2060年
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“双碳”背景下我国低碳电力发展研究
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任晨星 1 , 任清洁 2 , 高翔 1
热力发电 | 技术经济综述 2024,53(2): 1-7
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热力发电 | 技术经济综述 2024, 53(2): 1-7
“双碳”背景下我国低碳电力发展研究
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任晨星1 , 任清洁2 , 高翔1
作者信息
  • 1.浙江大学能源清洁利用国家重点实验室，浙江　杭州　310027
  • 2.华电陕西能源有限公司，陕西　西安　710016

    • 任晨星（1996），男，博士研究生，主要研究方向为低碳电力及新能源热电联供，。

通讯作者:

任清洁（1970），男，高级工程师，主要研究方向为电力企业生态环境保护及新能源开发、政策研究与管理，。
Research on low-carbon electric power development in China under “carbon neutralization and carbon peak” background
Chenxing REN1 , Qingjie REN2 , Xiang GAO1
Affiliations
  • 1.State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
  • 2.Huadian Shaanxi Energy Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710016, China
出版时间: 2024-02-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202306087
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摘要
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在“十四五”规划中提出的“碳中和”以及“碳达峰”目标对电力行业各方面的发展产生了深层次的影响，电力行业向低碳方向转型已成为主流趋势。通过阐述低碳电力体系中的低碳电厂、低碳电网、低碳能源消费以及相关评价技术，说明了该体系在节能减排、环境保护方面有着高效、清洁、可循环的低碳属性。同时，分析了国际低碳形式变化对我国的影响以及“双碳”政策具体落实过程中的相关问题，为“双碳”战略的执行以及电力行业的低碳转型提供了新的科研思路。

碳中和  /  碳达峰  /  低碳电力  /  低碳电网  /  节能减排

The “carbon neutralization and carbon peak” goal proposed in the 14th Five-Year Plan has a profound effect on the power industry in many aspects, the transformation of electricity to low carbon direction has become an irreversible mainstream trend. This paper expounds the low-carbon power plant, low-carbon power grid, low-carbon energy consumption and related evaluation technologies in the low-carbon electric power system, and shows that the system has high efficiency, clean and recyclable low-carbon attributes in terms of energy saving, emission reduction and environmental protection. At the same time, the effect of the change of international low-carbon forms on China and the related problems in the concrete implementation of the “carbon neutralization and carbon peak” policy are analyzed, it puts forward a new scientific thinking for the implementation of the “carbon neutralization and carbon peak” strategy and the low-carbon transformation of the power industry.

carbon neutralization  /  carbon up to peak  /  low-carbon electricity  /  low-carbon power grid  /  energy conservation and emissions reduction
任晨星, 任清洁, 高翔. “双碳”背景下我国低碳电力发展研究. 热力发电, 2024 , 53 (2) : 1 -7 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202306087
Chenxing REN, Qingjie REN, Xiang GAO. Research on low-carbon electric power development in China under “carbon neutralization and carbon peak” background[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2024 , 53 (2) : 1 -7 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202306087
正文
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2020年9月22日，在第75届联合国大会期间，习总书记[1]提出：将提高国家自主贡献力度，采取更加有力的政策和措施，二氧化碳排放力争于2030年前达到峰值，努力争取2060年前实现碳中和，推动疫情后世界经济“绿色复苏”，汇聚起可持续发展的强大合力。2021年5月，中电联党委书记杨昆[2]在2021年经济形势与电力发展分析预测会上表示：十四五时期，构建以新能源为主体的新型电力系统，要加快形成以新能源为主体的电力供应格局，建设高弹性、数字化、智能化电力系统，深入推进能源消费革命，提升能效水平，发扬市场在资源配置中的关键性作用。从电力行业的发展来看，近期的政策突出了“双碳”背景下的“低碳电力”发展主题。
国内关于“双碳”背景下“低碳电力”的发展有着不同论述。杜冬梅等[3]认为，我国应减少高排放煤电机组，提升终端电气水准，建设新型发电系统。米剑峰等[4]认为，受国家对新能源开发及产业政策影响，碳捕集技术及其相关封存技术已成为今后的发展趋势，对低碳电力的发展尤为重要。江亿[5]提出未来新型电力系统的目标是建立以风电光伏为主要电源的低碳电力系统并以“光储直柔”的新型建筑配电系统解决安装空间和有效消纳风电光伏的瓶颈问题。
中国是全球碳排放大国之一，中国CO2排放结构如图1所示[6]。由图1可见，电力行业已成为碳排放的主要来源。确立“双碳”目标，必然会带给电力和能源行业全新的挑战，能源数字化、能源供应、能源结构转型、新能源利用、能源消费等方面都要做出相应规划与调节。因此，必须以可持续发展为主题，把“双碳”目标与低碳电力体系紧密地结合起来。
本文将从“双碳”战略背景着手，对低碳电力的概念进行解读；以“双碳”目标为依据，结合国内外相关规划，提出发展低碳电力体系的构思，为我国传统电力行业向低碳方向转型提供新的策略与路径。
1　“双碳”战略与低碳电力
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1.1　“双碳”战略概念和实现途径
1.1.1　“双碳”战略的概念
针对“双碳”一词的定义，全球暂无精确、详细的解读。业界一般认为：“碳达峰”是CO2的排放量由增加转向降低的拐点，意味着碳排放量和经济增长完成脱钩的过程，而达峰目标则包括达峰时间和峰值；“碳中和”指的是个人或企业在某一时间段内进行测算，采用节能减排、植树造林等形式抵消产生的CO2总排放量，进而实现CO2的零排放[7]。
1.1.2　实现途径
实现“双碳”目标的途径可以从负碳技术和节能减排这2个层面进行研究。从负碳技术的研发与应用来讲，需考虑CO2捕集、应用和储存技术，以解决传统负碳技术低效率、高能耗等问题。从节能减排发展角度考虑，推进碳排放管控，推动光伏风电等新能源发展，实现由传统能源向新能源逐渐过渡，从而推进国内能源革命、保障能源安全。从国家政策来看，“双碳”战略的实施是对相关法律法规、规范标准的补充与完善，为今后全国的节能减排提供政策引导；从相关市场需求来看，则是将相应的信息监控、管理手段、技术装备与市场进行结合，进而激活市场，促进能源经济的发展。
1.2　低碳电力概念
当前，很多学者认同低碳电力是以太阳能、风能等为代表的二次能源发电的观点[8-11]，并围绕其开展相关的研究。表1为2019年及2020年全国用电量及全口径发电设备容量对比[12]。从表1可见，这2年全国投产的发电设备当中，风电和太阳能发电均呈现快速增长状态。随着“双碳”政策的推进和新能源发展力度的逐步加大，低碳电力也有了更深层次的内涵。
1）从节能减排角度出发，低碳电力的能源结构组成应以风电、光伏等可再生能源的发电方式为主。同时，应重点发展节能装备与技术，并通过电子信息技术实现能源的发送、传输、配送、使用等流程的有效监管，进而减小能耗。
2）从生态环保角度出发，低碳电力的建设和运行等各环节应注重对所在区域生态平衡的保护，在确保质量的同时，实现对环境污染从源头的控制和对末端的治理。
3）从资源再生利用角度出发，低碳电力的发展应体现在原材料的低耗费、废弃物的回收使用，相关器械的维护，全程低碳循环等方面，以促进电力体系的可持续发展。
2　低碳电力体系
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2.1　低碳电厂
目前，同样缺乏低碳电厂相关的概念和标准，现阶段的研究多为火电低碳建筑技术和环保排放措施。火电低碳建筑技术多注重相关技术设备的设计方略以及对生命健康的影响[13-14]；环保排放措施则注重碳捕集、脱硝、脱硫等方面[15-17]。传统火电厂的低碳改造可通过下列途径实现。
1）从节能角度出发，应推动传统火电环保系统、热能系统、动力系统的节能技术发展。如从提高热能利用率的角度，重视燃料热能和化学能品位的联系，进一步优化煤粉清洁等工艺过程，以及对各项设备开展节能改造；同时，不断提升余热和余压利用率，时刻关注投入成本与收益之间的关系，最大程度上提高能源经济性。
2）从污染物减排和末端治理的角度出发，首先，要完善燃煤监管体系，从采购源头强化质量管控，提升高品质煤的燃烧效率；其次，对相关设备进行优化设计，注重提高效率；最后，加强烟气排放监管和分析，并推进煤污染物超低排放相关改造，从源头解决监测数据失真问题。
3）从能源可再生利用的角度出发，进一步开发和使用新能源也是促进低碳电力发展的重要组成部分。“双碳”背景下，新能源发电的装机总量将持续增长，其带来的消纳问题也应受到重视。特别是在相关市场机制逐渐完备的状态下，新能源发电的持续并网和高消纳将大力促进火电碳达峰进程。此外，负碳技术的应用也是促进火电企业转向低碳发展的重要方式[18]（图2）。
2.2　低碳电网
现阶段低碳电网研究仅限于智能电网、环保节能等方向[19-20]，而以“双碳”战略目标为背景，可对低碳电网做以下解读。
1）从节能减排方面来分析，低碳电网的能量损失大多来源于输送中的损耗。因此，可选择升压改造或无功补偿设备升高功率，同时，通过节能改造等方式对相关配电线路进行优化。在“双碳”战略下，针对大型新能源电厂并网造成的能源损耗已受到广泛关注。
2）从碳排放方面来分析，低碳电网中实现减排的主要策略是通过减少六氟化硫在相关设备中的用量并提高输电过程中的节能量。碳减排当量等于减少的六氟化硫使用量与六氟化硫的全球变暖潜势值的乘积[21]；节能项目碳减排量等于节能措施产生的节能量与区域电网排放因子的乘积[22]。
3）从资源多次利用角度出发，低碳电网按照“节约资源-节能-减排”的路线来诠释其内涵。变电、输电、配电等过程相关材料以及定位、传感、变压、检测、通信等设备，都具有节约资源和重复利用的可能。同时，可以引入市场机制，通过市场提升电网相关资源重复利用的水平。
2.3　低碳能源消费
能源消费是能源生产的最终环节，对于低碳能源消费的解读如下。
1）从节能减排和环保角度出发，低碳能源消费体现在与“双碳”目标结合紧密的新能源电力系统需求侧响应技术，通过以“网侧线损，用户侧节能量，用户侧减碳量”为主线，跟踪碳排放流的足迹，这对增进源荷互动、协同增效具有深刻的影响[23]。同时，低碳能源消费应侧重于对负荷侧用能所产生的污染源治理。例如，使用能量过程中的空气、噪音、光、电磁辐射等污染。
2）从低碳层面分析，能源消费的侧重点应落实在碳普惠机制。它的运行方法为借助碳普惠平台，通过对接公共大数据库，对企业所创造的减碳量进行测算与考核。近期该机制的推行主要集中在对全民节能、低碳行为的鼓励。
3　评价体系与实现途径
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3.1　低碳电力评价技术与体系评价
3.1.1　生命周期评价技术
生命周期评价技术是可量化的处理方法，该方法主要分析由能源消耗和污染物排放带来的潜在环境影响[24]。该技术的应用方法为：确立评价目的和范围指标，建立数据库进行清单分析，运用多种方法开展影响评价，对相关结果开展分析和改进。其中，评价影响和分析清单是比较重要的过程，一般参考相关专业的系列标准，通过相关软件进行分析，为有关的决策提供依据。常用的软件包括Simapro7系统、AIST-LCA Ver. 4系统、GaBi 4. 3系统等。生命周期评价技术是低碳电力内涵关键的一环，也是评价该体系的基础。生命周期评价框架如图3所示。
3.1.2　低碳电力体系评价
“双碳”战略要求下，低碳电力体系应该按照生命周期评价技术的内涵进行测评，即以“碳减排”为中心，结合节能减排、资源循环利用、环保等相关要素，对低碳电力的实施情况进行系统性评价和分析。同时，使用信息数据库，构建全方位的动态测评系统，对生命周期法的分析结果进行推进和监管，采取有效手段，进一步提升评价体系的可行性。
3.2　实现低碳电力路径规划
现阶段，行业内实现低碳目标的重点是节能，节能量的总值最终都将被计入减碳量，这就是“节能就是减碳”模式，是电力企业增强低碳改造的基石。电力配送过程主要的能量损失来自电力产生、输送以及负荷侧的损耗。今后，仍需重视对节能产品与相关技术的研发，加强节能市场扶持与监管力度，推进节能工作的进行。
3.2.1　我国针对碳减排的路径规划
2021年第一季度，我国《国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和2035年远景目标纲要》[25]正式发布。规划与纲要中提出：对于传统能源行业，煤电方面，要促进煤炭生产向资源富集地区集中，同时推行以电代煤，推进煤电灵活性改造。油气方面，要开放油气勘探开发市场，加快深海、深层和非常规油气资源利用，推动油气增储上产；对于新能源行业，要提升风电和光伏发电规模，发展海上风电、西南水电以及集中式和分布式供能，大力发展非化石能源，使其占能源消费总量比重提高到20%左右；因地制宜开发利用地热能，提升清洁能源消纳和存储能力，提升向边远地区输配电能力，加快抽水蓄能电站建设和新型储能技术规模化应用。
同时，在《能源生产与消费革命战略中》提出：2021年至2030年，能源消费总量控制在60亿t标准煤以内，新增能源需求主要依靠清洁能源满足，初步构建现代能源体系[26]；到2050年，能源消费总量基本稳定，非化石能源占比超过50%，建成现代能源体系。2030年风能与太阳能总装机16.1亿kW，符合12亿kW以上的目标要求；2021至2025年“十四五”期间单位GDP能耗降低15.5%，单位GDP CO2排放降低21.4%，下降幅度分别超过“十四五”规划纲要设置的13.5%、18.0%指标要求[26]；能源系统碳氧化物排放于2027年达峰，电力系统碳氧化物排放于2025年达峰；2060年能源系统碳氧化物排放量9.5亿t，约为2025年水平的10%，电力系统碳氧化物排放量5.5亿t，为2025年峰值的13.8%。
3.2.2　西方等国针对碳减排的路径规划
为落实《巴黎协定》到2050年实现碳中和的目标要求，法国政府[27]于2017年6月正式提出气候计划，启动了“国家低碳战略”和“能源计划”的修订工作，并制定了法国政府未来15年内实现能源结构多样化和温室气体减排目标的行动蓝图；到2030年可再生能源消费占总能源消费的33%（欧盟目标32%），最终能源消耗降低20%（欧盟目标32.5%），同时每年以1.3%的幅度提高热量回收的速度。
英国提出[28]，到21世纪30年代中期，在所有净零情景下，发电的净碳强度均为负；新能源发电能力的提高将对整个系统提出更佳的灵活性要求。在净零情景下，电力部门的净排放量到2033年将为负；到2038年，天然气消耗水平将减少近50%，普通住宅供暖所需的输入能量可能会下降到目前的1/4。2050年，最终用户的净零能源需求中，氢的需求占21%~59%。
2014年，日本政府制定了相关目标[29]，到2030年可再生能源占一次能源供应的比例达到13%~14%。因此，日本发布了到2030年可再生能源达到总发电量22%~24%的要求。其中，太阳能光伏在发电中的份额预计将从2013年的1%增加到2030年的7%，风能从不足1%增加到2%，生物能源从2%增加到4%，水电从7%增加到9%，地热将上升到1%。自2014年以来，电力领域的可再生能源得益于上网电价，其增长速度较快（同期从12%增长到18%）。日本有望达到并超过2030年的目标。
到2050年，美国电力生产燃料份额占比中[30]，天然气将从2020年的40%下降到36%，可再生能源将从2020年的21%上升至42%，核能将从2020年的19%下降至11%，耗煤量将从2020年的19%下降至11%。到2050年，美国可再生能源发电中，太阳能发电占比将从2020年的16%上升至47%，风能将从2020年的41%下降至34%，水力发电将从2020年的41%下降至34%，地热能发电维持2%不变，其他可再生能源从7%下降至4%。
4　我国低碳电力转型主要措施
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通过以上表述不难看出，“双碳”目标下欧美各国的低碳转型途径是基于其自身发展和地缘战略的综合体现。现如今，美国通过美元结算石油贸易以及页岩油革命，处于现有传统能源贸易的核心地位；而欧洲等国的本土传统能源生产大都处于传统能源开采的中后阶段，由于能源安全和地缘运输等不确定因素，欧美等国在低碳电力转型的相关政策制定和执行程度上各有不同。所以，我国应避免走欧美各国的老路。我国的低碳电力转型要为国家发展和社会责任服务，主要对策可归为以下4个方面：
1）从顶层设计做起，大力促进传统电力行业向低碳转变。目前，煤电等传统能源正历经深层次改革，由于其关乎各行各业的发展，尤其是许多的基础设施必须进行资源整合以及重新建造。近些年，全球各大电力公司通过改进管理体制，构建相关低碳部门以及绿色能源部门。我国电力行业也应成立相关部门，统筹促进传统煤电向低碳转型。
2）低碳转型与传统能源协同发展。未来很长一段时间内，既要继续发展传统火电，又要逐渐开拓新能源业务。在具体转型方式与路径抉择上，短期内我国对煤炭石油天然气等资源的依赖不会减少，其仍然是构建我国能源安全的重要组成部分。因此，我们不仅保持传统燃煤电力的发展，充分保障能源安全。同时，又要大力发展新能源（地热能、太阳能、氢能、风电等可再生能源），使二者充分融合，协调发展。
3）低碳发展是全球大势，各国都在踊跃加入碳中和的行列，承诺碳中和的国家及其进展情况见表2。若想在这场变革中有所作为并引领发展，那么重中之重则是制定标准。面对未来如此巨大的市场空间与投资额度，虽然低碳行业热度很高，但是却缺少相关制度和具体标准，这对参与者的能力要求较高。欧美等国依靠其丰厚的资本以及在行业多年的经验积累，在低碳电力转型中频繁出招，试图再次成为行业引领者和标准制定者。对此，我国也应积极谋划，依托相关政策和财政支持，低碳转型的引领者，做推动世界能源低碳转型的参与者，国际标准的制定者。
4）增强技术创新驱动，借助政策和资金扶持，不断加强核心技术的开发与优化。今后几十年是“双碳”战略推进的关键时刻，我国应在科学研究和人才引进等方面给予支持，针对制约新能源业务发展的相关技术攻坚克难，大力促进低碳电力行业向智能化转型，推进碳捕集、碳封存等技术的研发。如今全球电力行业面临重大变革与重新洗牌，这也给我国带来了新的机遇和挑战，我们应顺势而为，把握机会，力争成为引导世界低碳电力行业转型的领头羊。
5　结语
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“双碳”战略的提出对低碳电力各方面发展产生深层次的影响，传统能源行业向绿色低碳转型已成为不可逆转的大趋势。本文以“双碳”战略目标为依据，通过阐述低碳电力体系中的低碳电厂、低碳电网、低碳能源消费和相关评价技术，表明该体系在节能减排和生态保护等方面具有高效、无污染、可再生的低碳属性。同时，提出应关注碳减排，研究并解决其实施过程中的问题，为早日实现“双碳”战略与能源结构低碳转型提供新的策略和方法。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52076191)
文献
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2024年第53卷第2期
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doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202306087
  • 接收时间：2023-06-09
  • 首发时间：2025-12-31
  • 出版时间：2024-02-25
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  • 收稿日期：2023-06-09
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52076191)
国家自然科学基金项目(52076191)
作者信息
    1.浙江大学能源清洁利用国家重点实验室，浙江　杭州　310027
    2.华电陕西能源有限公司，陕西　西安　710016

通讯作者:

任清洁（1970），男，高级工程师，主要研究方向为电力企业生态环境保护及新能源开发、政策研究与管理，。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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