Article(id=1222503117200024511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1222503107959968541, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19666/j.rlfd.202305379, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=1683302400000, revisedDateStr=2023-05-06, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1769397056149, onlineDateStr=2026-01-26, pubDate=1698163200000, pubDateStr=2023-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1769397056149, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1769397056149, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1769397056149, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1222503107959968541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, year='2023', volume='52', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='198', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1769397053947, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773966614026, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241669232136614309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1222503107959968541, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241669232136614310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1222503107959968541, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=103, endPage=112, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1222503117653009355, articleId=1222503117200024511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=EN, title=Research on integrated optimization and operation characteristics of CCHP system with wind-solar-storage and heat pump, columnId=1211002405299294959, journalTitle=Thermal Power Generation, columnName=Thermal energy science research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A new combined cooling, heating and power system is proposed based on solar photovoltaic, wind power, ground-source heat pump and energy storage unit (WSSH-CCHP) to improve the efficient utilization of renewable energy resources and the entire system energy efficiency. The comprehensive evaluation indexes are developed by using the analytic hierarchy process to account for the system performance of energy efficiency, economy and environment. The mixed integer linear programming (MILP) algorithm is employed to perform the optimization on the selection of equipment types, capacity allocation and system operation stratagem. A case study on an energy center in Jinan city is conducted to explore the optimal performance and operation characteristics of WSSH-CCHP. The obtained results indicate that the proposed system comprehensive performance is much better than the separate production system, which provide useful information for the development of CCHP system with wind-solar-storage and heat pump and the study on its integrated optimization and operation characteristics.

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为提高可再生能源的有效利用和冷热电联供系统的综合性能,在天然气冷热电联供系统中引入光伏电池、风力发电、地源热泵和储能单元,构建一种耦合可再生能源的天然气冷热电联供(wind-solar-storage and heat pump, combined cooling, heating and power,WSSH-CCHP)系统,利用层次分析法(analytic hierarchy process,AHP)建立考虑能效、经济及环境性能的综合评价指标,采用混合整数线性规划(mixed integer linear programming,MILP)算法,对该系统进行设备选型、容量配置及运行策略协同优化,以分供系统(separate production,SP)为参照系统,以济南市某能源中心为例,分析该系统集成优化效果及其运行特性。研究结果表明,该系统的综合指标优化结果相比SP系统提高37.8%,具有较好的综合性能,为耦合风光储及热泵天然气CCHP系统的发展及其集成优化与运行特性研究提供了参考。

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姬锋军(1980),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为火力发电厂汽水系统设计,

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姬锋军(1980),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为火力发电厂汽水系统设计,

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姬锋军(1980),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为火力发电厂汽水系统设计,

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Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2016, 42(5): 1065-1070., articleTitle=Adaptive evaluation method based on analytic hierarchy process, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241694399910965288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503117200024511, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=29, issue=6, pageStart=11, pageEnd=16, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=37, authorNames=赵霞, 赵成勇, 贾秀芳, journalName=电网技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=赵霞,赵成勇,贾秀芳,等.基于可变权重的电能质量模糊综合评价[J].电网技术200529(6):11-16., articleTitle=基于可变权重的电能质量模糊综合评价, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241694399986462764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503117200024511, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=29, issue=6, pageStart=11, pageEnd=16, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=38, authorNames=ZHAO Xia, ZHAN Chengyong, JIA Xiufang, journalName=Power System Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHAO Xia, ZHAN Chengyong, JIA Xiufang, et al. 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Power System Technology, 2005, 29(6): 11-16., articleTitle=Fuzzy synthetic evaluation of power quality based on changeable weight, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241694400066154545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503117200024511, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=54, issue=12, pageStart=1317, pageEnd=1326, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=39, authorNames=王瑞琪, 王鹤鸣, 孙波, journalName=天津大学学报(自然科学与工程技术版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=王瑞琪,王鹤鸣,孙波.新能源冷热电联供系统优化设计方法研究[J].天津大学学报(自然科学与工程技术版)202154(12):1317-1326., articleTitle=新能源冷热电联供系统优化设计方法研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241694400150040628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503117200024511, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=54, issue=12, pageStart=1317, pageEnd=1326, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=40, authorNames=WANG Ruiqi, WANG Heming, SUN Bo, journalName=Journal of Tianjin University (Science and Technology), refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Ruiqi, WANG Heming, SUN Bo. System optimization design of combined cooling, heating, and power system integrated with renewable energies[J]. Journal of Tianjin University (Science and Technology), 2021, 54(12): 1317-1326., articleTitle=System optimization design of combined cooling, heating, and power system integrated with renewable energies, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241694392994558871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503117200024511, awardId=41761144067, language=EN, fundingSource=International Cooperation and Exchange Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(41761144067), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241694393107805085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503117200024511, awardId=41761144067, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然基金国际(地区)合作交流项目(41761144067), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241694382303277518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503117200024511, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241694382311666126, 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articleId=1222503117200024511, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=SP heating management strategy of the typical day, figureFileSmall=Hk/iMCr6Uil2FO9ABYK1Hw==, figureFileBig=RdSXMwGyYxselIsSYfESnw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241694388728951589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503117200024511, language=CN, label=图10, caption=SP系统典型日供热管理策略, figureFileSmall=Hk/iMCr6Uil2FO9ABYK1Hw==, figureFileBig=RdSXMwGyYxselIsSYfESnw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241694390259872558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503117200024511, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=WSSH-CCHP cooling management strategy of the typical summer day, figureFileSmall=cPTX2TGtdfXZWFMHWjzVXw==, figureFileBig=15u8x3txa47KOzroYd22Yw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241694390364730163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503117200024511, language=CN, label=图11, caption=WSSH-CCHP系统夏季典型日供冷管理策略, figureFileSmall=cPTX2TGtdfXZWFMHWjzVXw==, figureFileBig=15u8x3txa47KOzroYd22Yw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241694390473782070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503117200024511, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=SP cooling management strategy of the typical summer day, figureFileSmall=NB2qJzZi59jt7NC2m16sBg==, figureFileBig=YqXf0dHBYvavpCo29w5YOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241694390595416892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503117200024511, language=CN, label=图12, caption=SP系统夏季典型日供冷管理策略, figureFileSmall=NB2qJzZi59jt7NC2m16sBg==, figureFileBig=YqXf0dHBYvavpCo29w5YOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241694390721246015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503117200024511, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Duration of a typical day

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
季节春季夏季秋季冬季
天数609060150
), ArticleFig(id=1241694390851269441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503117200024511, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

典型日持续时长

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
季节春季夏季秋季冬季
天数609060150
), ArticleFig(id=1241694390951932743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503117200024511, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Energy prices in Jinan City

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目时段价格
电价/(元·(kW·h)–1)高峰段(08:30—11:00,14:30—21:00)0.900
平时段(07:00—08:30,11:00—12:00,13:00—14:30,21:00—23:00)0.609
低谷段(12:00—13:00,23:00—07:00)0.318
气价(标况)/(元·m–3)全天2.600
), ArticleFig(id=1241694391044207439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503117200024511, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

济南市能源价格

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目时段价格
电价/(元·(kW·h)–1)高峰段(08:30—11:00,14:30—21:00)0.900
平时段(07:00—08:30,11:00—12:00,13:00—14:30,21:00—23:00)0.609
低谷段(12:00—13:00,23:00—07:00)0.318
气价(标况)/(元·m–3)全天2.600
), ArticleFig(id=1241694391140676432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503117200024511, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Gas internal combustion engine parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
型号额定功率/kW效率/
%
单位成本/(元·kW–1)维护费/(元·kW–1)
J312GS635403 9750.02
J316GS835433 9500.02
J412GS889433 9000.02
J416GS1 191433 8750.02
J420GS1 487443 8250.02
J616GS2 679433 7750.02
J620GS3 352413 7500.02
J624GS4 029413 7250.02
), ArticleFig(id=1241694391266505560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503117200024511, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

燃气内燃机(颜巴赫)参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
型号额定功率/kW效率/
%
单位成本/(元·kW–1)维护费/(元·kW–1)
J312GS635403 9750.02
J316GS835433 9500.02
J412GS889433 9000.02
J416GS1 191433 8750.02
J420GS1 487443 8250.02
J616GS2 679433 7750.02
J620GS3 352413 7500.02
J624GS4 029413 7250.02
), ArticleFig(id=1241694391413306203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503117200024511, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Gas boiler parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
型号额定功率/kW效率/%单位成本/(元·kW–1)维护费/
(元·kW–1)
WNS0.7700972290.02
WNS1.41 400971570.02
WNS3.53 500971490.02
WNS4.24 200971480.02
WNS77 000971140.02
), ArticleFig(id=1241694391518163805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503117200024511, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

燃气锅炉(郑锅)参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
型号额定功率/kW效率/%单位成本/(元·kW–1)维护费/
(元·kW–1)
WNS0.7700972290.02
WNS1.41 400971570.02
WNS3.53 500971490.02
WNS4.24 200971480.02
WNS77 000971140.02
), ArticleFig(id=1241694391623021409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503117200024511, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Absorption chiller parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
型号额定功率/kWηCOP,C单位成本/(元·kW–1)维护费/(元·kW–1)
BHE-303491.312 5220.01
BHE-505821.312 1650.01
BHE-758721.311 8240.01
BHE-1001 1631.311 6070.01
BHE-1501 7451.311 3580.01
BHE-2502 9081.311 1000.01
BHE-3003 4891.311 0460.01
BHE-4004 6521.319570.01
BHE-5005 8151.319050.01
BHE-6006 9781.318490.01
BHE-8009 3041.317510.01
), ArticleFig(id=1241694391711101797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503117200024511, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

吸收式制冷机组(远大)参数信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
型号额定功率/kWηCOP,C单位成本/(元·kW–1)维护费/(元·kW–1)
BHE-303491.312 5220.01
BHE-505821.312 1650.01
BHE-758721.311 8240.01
BHE-1001 1631.311 6070.01
BHE-1501 7451.311 3580.01
BHE-2502 9081.311 1000.01
BHE-3003 4891.311 0460.01
BHE-4004 6521.319570.01
BHE-5005 8151.319050.01
BHE-6006 9781.318490.01
BHE-8009 3041.317510.01
), ArticleFig(id=1241694391824348006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503117200024511, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

Electric chiller parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
型号额定功率/kWηCOP,C单位成本/(元·kW–1)维护费/(元·kW–1)
LSQBLX G10001 0005.31 5000.01
LSQBLX G18001 8005.321 4750.01
LSQBLX G24002 4005.361 4500.01
LSQBLX G28002 8005.691 4250.01
LSQBLX G34003 4005.741 4000.01
LSQBLX G40004 0005.821 2500.01
LSQBLX G52005 2005.841 2000.01
LSQBLX G64006 4005.941 1750.01
), ArticleFig(id=1241694391933399917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503117200024511, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

电制冷机组(格力)参数信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
型号额定功率/kWηCOP,C单位成本/(元·kW–1)维护费/(元·kW–1)
LSQBLX G10001 0005.31 5000.01
LSQBLX G18001 8005.321 4750.01
LSQBLX G24002 4005.361 4500.01
LSQBLX G28002 8005.691 4250.01
LSQBLX G34003 4005.741 4000.01
LSQBLX G40004 0005.821 2500.01
LSQBLX G52005 2005.841 2000.01
LSQBLX G64006 4005.941 1750.01
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Capacity-optimized equipment economic parameters

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设备设备费用/(元·kW–1)维护费用/(元·kW–1)
光伏电池7 5000.013
风力发电6 0000.015
地源热泵2 0000.026
蓄电池1 8790.011
蓄热槽980.044
冰蓄冷980.044
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容量优化型设备经济参数

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设备设备费用/(元·kW–1)维护费用/(元·kW–1)
光伏电池7 5000.013
风力发电6 0000.015
地源热泵2 0000.026
蓄电池1 8790.011
蓄热槽980.044
冰蓄冷980.044
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Configuration results of SP system

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设备类型型号台数容量/kW
冷水机组LSQBLX G4000312 000
LSQBLX G5200210 400
燃气锅炉WNS3.513 500
WNS717 000
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SP系统配置结果

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设备类型型号台数容量/kW
冷水机组LSQBLX G4000312 000
LSQBLX G5200210 400
燃气锅炉WNS3.513 500
WNS717 000
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Configuration results of WSSH-CCHP system

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设备类型型号台数容量/kW
光伏发电3 900
风力发电2 342
内燃机J412GS1889
J420GS34 461
吸收式制冷机BHE-25038 724
冷水机组LSQBLX G100066 000
燃气锅炉WNS1.411 400
地源热泵定制15 153
蓄热槽定制19 510
蓄冷空调定制116 442
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WSSH-CCHP系统配置结果

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设备类型型号台数容量/kW
光伏发电3 900
风力发电2 342
内燃机J412GS1889
J420GS34 461
吸收式制冷机BHE-25038 724
冷水机组LSQBLX G100066 000
燃气锅炉WNS1.411 400
地源热泵定制15 153
蓄热槽定制19 510
蓄冷空调定制116 442
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Evaluation index of optimization results

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指标SPWSSH-CCHP
综合指标Zmax00.378
总成本/(万元·a–1)3 0612 730
IAOE/%10.8
SCDE/t31 80911 650
RCDE/%63.4
SNDE/kg82 28011 479
RNDE/%86.1
PEC/(MW·h)107 40049 826
IPESR/%54.0
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评价指标优化结果

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指标SPWSSH-CCHP
综合指标Zmax00.378
总成本/(万元·a–1)3 0612 730
IAOE/%10.8
SCDE/t31 80911 650
RCDE/%63.4
SNDE/kg82 28011 479
RNDE/%86.1
PEC/(MW·h)107 40049 826
IPESR/%54.0
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耦合风光储及热泵的CCHP系统集成优化与运行特性研究
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姬锋军 1 , 宋举星 1 , 刘权 2 , 葛艺 2 , 韩吉田 2
热力发电 | 热能科学研究 2023,52(10): 103-112
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热力发电 | 热能科学研究 2023, 52(10): 103-112
耦合风光储及热泵的CCHP系统集成优化与运行特性研究
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姬锋军1 , 宋举星1, 刘权2, 葛艺2, 韩吉田2
作者信息
  • 1.山东电力工程咨询院有限公司,山东 济南 250013
  • 2.山东大学能源与动力工程学院,山东 济南 250061
  • 姬锋军(1980),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为火力发电厂汽水系统设计,

Research on integrated optimization and operation characteristics of CCHP system with wind-solar-storage and heat pump
Fengjun JI1 , Juxing SONG1, Quan LIU2, Yi GE2, Jitian HAN2
Affiliations
  • 1.Shandong Electric Power Engineering Consulting Institute Co., Ltd., Jinan 250013, China
  • 2.School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
出版时间: 2023-10-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202305379
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为提高可再生能源的有效利用和冷热电联供系统的综合性能,在天然气冷热电联供系统中引入光伏电池、风力发电、地源热泵和储能单元,构建一种耦合可再生能源的天然气冷热电联供(wind-solar-storage and heat pump, combined cooling, heating and power,WSSH-CCHP)系统,利用层次分析法(analytic hierarchy process,AHP)建立考虑能效、经济及环境性能的综合评价指标,采用混合整数线性规划(mixed integer linear programming,MILP)算法,对该系统进行设备选型、容量配置及运行策略协同优化,以分供系统(separate production,SP)为参照系统,以济南市某能源中心为例,分析该系统集成优化效果及其运行特性。研究结果表明,该系统的综合指标优化结果相比SP系统提高37.8%,具有较好的综合性能,为耦合风光储及热泵天然气CCHP系统的发展及其集成优化与运行特性研究提供了参考。

可再生能源  /  冷热电联供系统(CCHP)  /  混合整数线性规划算法  /  集成优化

A new combined cooling, heating and power system is proposed based on solar photovoltaic, wind power, ground-source heat pump and energy storage unit (WSSH-CCHP) to improve the efficient utilization of renewable energy resources and the entire system energy efficiency. The comprehensive evaluation indexes are developed by using the analytic hierarchy process to account for the system performance of energy efficiency, economy and environment. The mixed integer linear programming (MILP) algorithm is employed to perform the optimization on the selection of equipment types, capacity allocation and system operation stratagem. A case study on an energy center in Jinan city is conducted to explore the optimal performance and operation characteristics of WSSH-CCHP. The obtained results indicate that the proposed system comprehensive performance is much better than the separate production system, which provide useful information for the development of CCHP system with wind-solar-storage and heat pump and the study on its integrated optimization and operation characteristics.

renewable energy resources  /  CCHP  /  mixed integer linear programming  /  integrated optimization
姬锋军, 宋举星, 刘权, 葛艺, 韩吉田. 耦合风光储及热泵的CCHP系统集成优化与运行特性研究. 热力发电, 2023 , 52 (10) : 103 -112 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202305379
Fengjun JI, Juxing SONG, Quan LIU, Yi GE, Jitian HAN. Research on integrated optimization and operation characteristics of CCHP system with wind-solar-storage and heat pump[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2023 , 52 (10) : 103 -112 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202305379
作为分布式能源的主要形式之一,天然气冷热电联供(combined cooling, heating and power,CCHP)系统是将供热(采暖和供热水)、制冷和发电过程集成于一体的多联供系统,可实现能源的梯级有效利用,具有综合能源利用效率高、污染物排放低、占地面积小、运行安全可靠等优点,受到了世界各国的普遍关注和重视,已成为我国实现能源领域节能减排和双碳目标的有效途径之一[1-3]
我国具有丰富的太阳能等可再生能源,将可再生能源与CCHP系统相结合,发展耦合可再生能源的CCHP系统,可以实现可再生能源的有效利用和化石能源的优势互补,对于提高联供系统的综合能源利用效率和稳定运行、减少碳排放具有非常重要的意义[4-5]。国内外对耦合可再生能源CCHP系统设计与优化配置已开展了较为深入的研究。Rosiek等人提出了一种太阳能辅助CCHP系统,将不同配置形式的太阳能CCHP系统与传统分供系统的性能进行了比较。研究结果表明,该系统的一次能源消耗比传统分供系统减少了61%,具有显著的节能潜力[6]。王志贺等建立了综合考虑系统总成本与CO2排放的CCHP系统容量配置规划模型,比较了采用不同原动机驱动的CCHP系统性能和不同经济性权重对系统容量配置的影响[7]。Ge等人提出了一种耦合光伏与储能的天然气CCHP系统[8],建立了考虑设备的变负荷性能和以年总成本最小为优化目标的混合整数非线性规划模型(mixed integer nonlinear programming,MINLP)。研究结果表明,光伏和储能装置可有效提高天然气CCHP系统的一次能源利用效率和经济性。蒋润花等提出了一种集成太阳能集热器的中低温太阳能冷热电联供系统,相比于常规CCHP系统其全年节能率提高了6.5%[9]
系统配置和运行策略对耦合可再生能源CCHP系统的综合性能具有重要影响,而CCHP系统配置与运行策略是密切相关的[10]。因此,CCHP的系统配置与运行策略的协同优化对于耦合可再生能源CCHP系统的发展应用具有重要意义。丁泽宇等建立了由太阳能集热场、储热系统和热电联供机组构成的太阳能辅助热电联供机组运行优化模型,利用GAMS软件包和CPLEX求解器,对基于线性规划的太阳能辅助热电联供机组进行了运行优化研究[11]。谭钧元等构建了耦合太阳能的冷热电联供系统双层优化模型,利用KKT条件将其转换为一般的单层模型进行求解,对耦合太阳能的冷热电联供系统双层运行优化配置设计进行了研究,发现在系统综合成本最低的条件下,该模型提高了供能的灵活性和可靠性[12]。Jayasekara等人提出了一种协同优化联供系统运行策略与最佳配置的两阶段粒子群算法[13],该算法特别适用于能源价格波动大的场合。Lu等人建立了基于双层模型的耦合光伏及地源热泵的CCHP系统配置与运行优化模型,提出了一种基于序列控制配置、二次规划算法和反馈修正机制的求解方法[14]。研究结果表明,该系统与传统分供系统相比具有显著的经济效益。赵峰等提出了一种考虑设备选型、容量配置和运行策略的三级协同优化方法,实现了CCHP系统的整体协同优化[15]。研究结果表明,以该方法优化后的系统比采用“以热定电”和“以电定热”运行策略设计的CCHP系统更节能、环保和经济。余小兵等提出了一种回收内燃机余热的冷热电联供系统,利用建立的数学模型研究了关键参数对系统性能的影响,在最大输出功和制冷量模式与最大净输出功和供热量模式2种不同运行模式下对系统的最佳性能进行了研究,为基于内燃机的CCHP系统设计和运行优化提供了依据[16]
已有研究表明,构建耦合可再生能源的天然气冷热电联供系统,研究系统的设备选型、容量配置和运行策略协同优化及运行特性具有重要的理论意义和工程应用价值。但当前研究中涉及的可再生能源较单一,耦合多种可再生能源的CCHP系统也较少。此外,已有研究很少考虑不同设备品牌、型号导致的性能参数与价格差异[17],在一定程度上制约了其在解决实际工程问题中的应用。
本文提出一种将太阳能光伏、风力发电、地源热泵及储能设备集成于一体的CCHP系统(wind-solar-storage and heat pump CCHP,WSSH-CCHP),综合考虑能效、环保和经济性评价指标[8],以济南市某能源中心为例,通过调用自建的包含不同品牌和设备参数信息、可满足用户多样化个性需求的设备数据库利用混合整数线性规划(mixed integer linear programming,MILP)对所建立系统进行优化分析[17-18],为耦合多种可再生能源和储能装置的分布式供能系统的优化配置与运行管理提供参考。
图1为本文提出的耦合风光储及热泵的CCHP系统(WSSH-CCHP)和参照系统的流程。参照系统是传统的冷热电分供(separate production,SP)系统,电网、燃气锅炉和冷水机组分别为用户提供电、热和冷负荷。在WSSH-CCHP系统中,光伏电池、风力发电与燃气内燃机发电为用户提供电负荷,过量的电可储存到蓄电装置中,不足部分可由电网或蓄电装置补充。用户的冷、热负荷由内燃机的烟气和缸套水余热回收装置(溴化锂吸收式制冷机组)和地源热泵一起提供,不足部分由冷水机组或燃气锅炉分别补足,蓄冷和蓄热装置将在输出能量不足或过量时释能或储能。
CCHP系统的数学模型主要包括逐时冷热电能量平衡模型、设备模型及系统运行约束条件。
系统中输出的电、热、冷功率应满足用户的逐时负荷需求。根据上述系统描述中设备的运行准则,可得到系统的逐时电、热、冷平衡公式如下:
PGE,d,t+PPV,d,t+PWT,d,t+Pgrid,d,t+PPS,d,t=PE,d,t+PHP,d,t+PEC,d,t+PHC,d,t
QGB,d,t+QAC,H,d,t+QHP,H,d,t+QHS,d,t=QH,d,t
QEC,d,t+QAC,C,d,t+QHP,C,d,t+QHC,d,t=QC,d,t
式中:P为设备的电功率;Q为设备的热/冷量;下标dt分别代表dt时刻,下标PV、WT、GE、PS、HP、EC、HC、GB、AC和HS分别代表太阳能光伏发电、风力发电、内燃机、蓄电池、热泵、电制冷机、储冷装置、燃气锅炉、吸收式机组和蓄热槽,下标E、C、H分别表示电、冷、热。
太阳能光伏电池通过利用太阳辐射输出电功率,设备模型为[19]
PPV=NPVξPVPPV_rDDs(1+αT(TTs))
式中:Npv为光伏电池板块数;ξpv为输出功率修正系数;PPV-r为光伏电池额定输出功率;DT分别为太阳辐照度和周围环境温度;DsTs分别为标准太阳辐照度和环境温度,Ds取1 000 W/m2Ts取25 ℃;αT为光伏组件的功率温度系数。
风力发电机组的输出功率取决于空气密度、叶片半径、风速等因素:
PWT=12ρairπR2Vwind3Cp(λ,β)
式中:PWT为风机输出功率;ρair为空气密度;RVwind分别为风机叶片半径和叶尖风速;Cp(λ,β)为风能利用率,其中λ为叶尖速比,β为浆距角。
为研究方便,将CCHP系统中设备的转换效率设定为常数,燃气内燃机、燃气锅炉和电制冷机的输出功率模型可表示为:
P{GE,GB}=η{GE,GB}Qgas{GE,GB}
QEC=ηECPEC
式中:η为设备的转换效率;Qgas为内燃机和燃气锅炉通过燃烧天然气得到的能量。
吸收式制冷机组和地源热泵分别由内燃机余热和电驱动,有制热和制冷2种运行模式,其数学模型为:
{QAC=(μCηCOP,C+μHηCOP,H)Qin,ACQHP=(μCηCOP,C+μHηCOP,H)PHPμC+μH1
式中:μCμH为控制吸收式机组/地源热泵运行状态的逻辑变量,μCμH∈{0,1};ηCOP,CηCOP,H分别为制冷与制热性能系数;Qin,AC为驱动吸收式机组的热量。
为解决系统输出与用户需求不匹配的问题,可以在CCHP系统中引入储能设备调节系统的冷、热、电输出负荷。
储能设备模型为:
Ed,t+1=Ed,t(1ε)+(μin,d,tγinPin,d,tμout,d,tPout,d,tγout)Δt
式中:Ed,t+1Ed,t分别为d天的t+1时刻与t时刻储能设备中的储能量;ε为储能设备损耗率;μin,d,tμout,d,t分别为设备充放能状态的逻辑变量,μin,d,tμout,d,t∈{0,1};Pin,d,tPout,d,t为设备的充放能功率;γinγout分别为设备充放能效率。
储能设备的循环周期为1天,其运行约束为:
{μin,d,t+μout,d,t1EminEd,tEmaxEd,1=Ed,24
式中:EminEmax分别为设备允许的最小和最大储能量。
设备在每一时刻的运行出力应满足小于额定功率(最大功率)或最大容量的条件:
0Pd,tPmax
0Qd,tQmax
式中:PmaxQmax分别为设备的最大功率和容量。
本文将能效、经济及环保性能作为系统的综合评价指标[20],对WSSH-CCHP系统和参照的SP系统进行优化和性能比较。
以年一次能源节约率(primary energy savingrate,PESR)作为系统的能效指标,表示CCHP系统相比于SP系统一次能源消耗量减少的比率:
IPESR=KSP,PESRKCCHP,PESRKSP,PESR
KPESR=Qgas+Pgridαgrid×(1φgrid)
式中:IPESR为年一次能源节约率;KSP,PESRKCCHP,PESR分别为SP系统及CCHP系统的一次能源消耗量;αgridφgird分别为电网输送线损及电厂平均发电效率。
选取年总成本节约率作为系统的经济性能评价指标,比较CCHP系统的年总成本费用(annual total cost,ATC)相比于SP系统的节约率:
IAOE=CSPCSPCSP
式中:IAOE为年总成本节约率;CCCHPCSP分别为CCHP系统和SP系统的年总成本费用。
年总成本费用CATC包括初投资费用Ccap、土建安装费Ca、设备维护费用Com、燃料消耗费Cfuel和电网购电费Cgrid
CATC=Ccap+Com+Cfuel+Cgrid+Ca
各项费用的表达式如下:
{Ccap=i=1Nccap,iPmax,iRR=r(1+r)Li(1+r)Li1Com=d=1NdMdt=1Ti=1Ncom,iPd,t,iCfuel=d=1NdMdt=1TFfuel,d,tμfuel,d,tCgrid=d=1NdMdt=1TFgrid,d,tμgrid,d,tCa=Ccap,iσa,i
式中:ccap,icom,i分别为系统设备i的单位功率的投资和维护费用;Pmax,i为设备i的额定功率;R为资金回收系数;r为年利率,取10%;Li为设备i的生命周期;Md为典型日d代表的实际天数;Ffuel,d,tFgrid,d,t为系统在dt时刻消耗的天然气量及电量;μfuel,d,tμfuel,d,tμgrid,d,t为天然气价及电价;σa,i为设备i的土建成本系数。
以CO2与NOx的减排率作为CCHP系统的环境性能评价指标:
RCDE=RSP,CDERCCHP,CDERSP,CDE
RNDE=RSP,NDERCCHP,NDERSP,NDE
式中:RCDERNDE分别为年CO2减排率和年NOx减排率;RSP,CDERCCHP,CDE分别为SP系统和CCHP系统中的CO2排放量;RSP,NDERCCHP,NDE分别为SP系统和CCHP系统中的NOx排放量。
为了综合考虑不同性能评价指标对系统的影响,本文利用层次分析法(analytic hierarchy process,AHP)计算不同指标的权重[21-22],得到如图2所示的综合指标层次结构。
根据不同指标的权重,可建立考虑不同评价指标影响的综合目标评价模型如下[23]
Zmax=ω1RCDE+ω2IAOE+ω3IPESR+ω4RNDE
式中:Zmax为综合性能指标;ω1ω2ω3ω4分别为CO2年减排率、年总成本节约率、一次能源节约率和NOx年减排率的权重系数,且ω1+ω2+ω3+ω4=1。
显然,CCHP系统的综合性能指标Zmax值越大,则CCHP系统的综合性能相比于SP系统越好。
层次分析法依据重要程度对评价指标进行打分。为了综合考虑CCHP系统能效、经济成本和环保性能,本文设RNDEIPESR为3级指标,重要性参数设为1;RCDE为2级指标,重要性参数设为3;IAOE为1级指标,重要性参数设为5。因此,可得判断矩阵A[24]
A=[111315111315331125521]
通过计算可得到各指标对应的权重依次为ω1= 0.098 931,ω2=0.098 931,ω3=0.283 85,ω4=0.518 29。
以济南市某能源中心为例对WSSH-CCHP系统和SP系统进行优化配置与运行管理分析。选取4个典型日分别代表春、夏、秋、冬4个季节,每个典型日的代表天数见表1
济南市的电价和气价见表2,其中购电实行阶梯电价政策。
图3为该能源中心的典型日逐时冷热电负荷,图4图5分别为济南市的典型日太阳辐照度、温度及风速。该能源中心采用“屋顶光伏”的安装方式,可利用面积14 000 m2,风电装机最大容量2 342 kW。
表3表6[14]分别为系统设备数据库中各台数优化设备的品牌参数信息,表7为容量优化型设备的参数信息。
基于该能源中心的逐时冷、热、电负荷和能源价格,按照“并网不上网”的运行模式,以综合性能指标Zmax最大为优化目标,基于燃气内燃机智慧能源系统优化设计软件平台,采用MILP算法对SP系统及WSSH-CCHP系统进行系统配置和运行管理优化[17,19],得到的最优配置结果见表8表9。由表8表9的优化配置结果可以看出,SP系统电和制冷负荷由电网和冷水机组提供。由于能源中心的冷负荷需求大,其容量配置较高。WSSH-CCHP系统中引入了风光储设备,承担了部分发电负荷,减少了电网购电及内燃机的发电功率。此外,燃气锅炉的数量减少了,降低了天然气燃烧的污染物排放,提高了系统的节能环保性能。系统中未选择蓄电池调节电力输出,主要是考虑到储电设备的成本较高而没有设置储电设备。
以综合性能指标为优化目标,得到了表10所示的系统指标的优化结果。
表10可知:WSSH-CCHP系统的年总成本节约率IAOE为10.8%,表明系统的年总费用与SP系统相比减少了331万元,经济效益显著;一次能源节约率IPESR为54.0%,说明WSSH-CCHP系统对化石能源的依赖更小;CCHP系统的CO2年排放量SCDE和NOx年排放量SNDE分别为11 650 t和11 479 kg,相比于SP系统的CO2年减排率与NOx年减排率分别为63.4%与86.1%,表明WSSH-CCHP系统的污染物排放少,环保性能好。因此,WSSH-CCHP系统的综合性能指标Zmax相较分供系统提升了37.8%,经济、能效和环保性能都明显优于分供系统。
不同能源系统各项费用对比如图6所示。由图6可见,SP系统的年总成本为3 061万元,在相同负荷需求下其成本最高,其绝大部分成本在于电网购电,购电成本Cgrid占比达72.0%。由表10可知,其各项性能指标均低于WSSH-CCHP系统。WSSH-CCHP系统引入风光设备承担部分电力负荷,使系统购电成本大幅下降,仅占年总成本的8.0%,明显提高了系统应对电价波动的能力。
图7图8分别给出了WSSH-CCHP系统与SP系统4个典型日的设备出力及能量管理策略。图中春季为00:00—24:00时段,夏季为24:00—48:00时段,秋季为48:00—72:00时段,冬季为72:00—96:00时段。
图7可见,WSSH-CCHP系统利用光伏、风电、内燃机J420GS、J412GS共同发电来满足用户、热泵及电制冷机组的电负荷,不足部分由电网购电补充。光伏发电仅在07:00到18:00间,风力发电在08:00至15:00间出力较大,这与太阳能及风能的自然规律有关。此外,由于风电及光伏配置受自然气候影响,且其所产电力不可储存,故会出现如23:00生产电量大于电负荷的情况,但大部分时刻的负荷匹配良好。
夏季电负荷需求量大,内燃机、风力发电及光伏机组共同发电满足用户电负荷、热泵和电制冷机的电负荷,不足电量由电网购电补充。凌晨低谷电价时,电负荷主要由电网购电及风力发电提供,此时电制冷机也会优先运行满足系统冷负荷,从而提高系统经济性;08:00以后系统冷负荷增大,电网电价较高,此时系统优先利用内燃机发电,并利用其余热驱动溴化锂机组制冷,与热泵及电制冷机LSQBLX和G1000共同满足用户电和冷负荷。
图7可知,由于WSSH-CCHP系统引入了蓄热装置,风力发电产生的多余电量可驱动热泵制热并利用蓄热装置存储,在合适情况下释放,从而可以更经济地平衡系统负荷。
冬季,风电、光伏发电及内燃机J420GS共同满足用户电和热泵制热电负荷。由图8可以看出,SP系统电网购电主要用于2部分:一部分用于满足区域建筑用户电负荷需求;另一部分用于驱动电制冷机组,满足用户夏季的冷负荷需求。
图9图10给出了WSSH-CCHP系统与SP系统四季典型日的供热管理策略。SP系统热负荷均由燃气锅炉供应,WSSH-CCHP系统中,大部分总热负荷由地源热泵及燃气锅炉提供,并采用蓄热装置进行负荷调节。在冬季,终端用户的供暖需求和设备输出保持平衡,在夜晚电价低谷时,蓄热设备利用地源热泵来制热并存储,在白天供热不足时释放存储的热量。由于区域建筑在春夏秋仅有热水需求,故其热量大部分由燃气锅炉WNS1.4提供,少部分由溴化锂机组BHE-250提供。
该能源中心仅在夏季有供冷需求,故本文冷负荷仅考虑夏季典型日。图11图12给出了WSSH-CCHP系统与SP系统四季典型日的供冷策略。由图11可见:夜晚及凌晨电价低谷阶段,WSSH-CCHP系统的冷负荷优先由电制冷机提供,此时冰蓄冷空调利用低谷电储冷;日间电网电价高且冷负荷需求大,优先运行利用内燃机余热驱动的溴化锂制冷机组BHE-250,不足冷量由电制冷机及地源热泵制冷来补充,日间热泵产生的多余冷量通过蓄冷空调存储,在冷量不足时释放来补充系统冷需求。由图12可见,SP系统供冷均由冷水机组提供。
本文提出了一种耦合可再生能源的冷热电联供(WSSH-CCHP)系统,建立了考虑能效、经济与环境的综合评价指标,利用济南市某能源中心的冷热电风光负荷数据,以提出的综合性能指标最大为优化目标,根据建立的设备数据库中的设备信息,采用混合MILP算法对系统配置与运行策略进行了集成优化研究,得出以下结论。
1)WSSH-CCHP系统的经济、能效及环保性能都优于分供系统,综合性能指标Zmax相较分供系统提升了37.8%,具有显著的综合效益。
2)WSSH-CCHP系统的年总成本中购电成本大幅下降,仅占年总成本的8.0%,相比于分供系统明显提高了系统应对电价波动的能力。
3)引入风光储设备可减少电网购电和内燃机的发电功率,提高了系统的调节灵活性和环保性能,可满足用户的不同负荷需求。
  • 国家自然基金国际(地区)合作交流项目(41761144067)
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2023年第52卷第10期
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doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202305379
  • 首发时间:2026-01-26
  • 出版时间:2023-10-25
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  • 修回日期:2023-05-06
基金
International Cooperation and Exchange Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(41761144067)
国家自然基金国际(地区)合作交流项目(41761144067)
作者信息
    1.山东电力工程咨询院有限公司,山东 济南 250013
    2.山东大学能源与动力工程学院,山东 济南 250061
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
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红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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