Article(id=1222503109541221177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1222503107959968541, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19666/j.rlfd.202304382, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=1682179200000, revisedDateStr=2023-04-23, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1769397054323, onlineDateStr=2026-01-26, pubDate=1698163200000, pubDateStr=2023-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1769397054323, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1769397054323, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1769397054323, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1222503107959968541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, year='2023', volume='52', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='198', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1769397053947, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773966614026, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241669232136614309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1222503107959968541, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241669232136614310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1222503107959968541, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=113, endPage=121, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1222503109818045259, articleId=1222503109541221177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=EN, title=Comparative analysis of methanol and traditional boiler fuel based on AHP-EWM, columnId=1211002405299294959, journalTitle=Thermal Power Generation, columnName=Thermal energy science research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Under the background of the goal of “carbon peak and carbon neutrality”, environmental protection requirements are becoming increasingly stringent, and methanol as a recognized high-efficiency, clean and low-carbon fuel has received more and more attention. In order to analyze the feasibility of methanol for boiler fuel, a comprehensive evaluation model of methanol, coal, diesel and natural gas as boiler fuel was established, and the four indicators of energy saving, environmental protection, economy and sociality were considered through analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and entropy weight method (EWM), and comprehensive evaluation was carried out under five scenarios with different importance of each index. The following conclusions are drawn: the energy saving of methanol is better than that of other fuels, the environmental protection and economy are comparable to natural gas, and the social aspect is second only to coal, which is 3.2 times that of diesel and 2.2 times that of natural gas; in terms of importance, environmental factors first, economic factors and energy-saving factors second, social factors are the weakest importance (scenario 3); the comprehensive evaluation score of methanol as boiler fuel is 0.318 6, which has great advantages compared with natural gas (0.292 9), coal (0.232 4) and diesel (0.156 1).

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在“双碳”目标背景下,环保要求日益严格,甲醇作为公认的高效清洁低碳燃料越来越受到重视。为分析甲醇用于锅炉燃料的可行性,建立了甲醇、煤、柴油、天然气作为锅炉燃料的综合性评价模型,通过层次分析法(analytic hierarchy process,AHP)、熵权法(entropy weight method,EWM),考虑节能性、环保性、经济性以及社会性4个指标,在各指标重要程度不同的5种情景下进行综合评价,得出以下结论:甲醇的节能性优于其他燃料,环保性及经济性与天然气相当,社会性方面仅次于煤,是柴油3.2倍、天然气的2.2倍;在重要性方面,环境因素第一,经济因素与节能因素其次,社会因素重要性最弱(情景3);甲醇作为锅炉燃料的综合评价得分为0.318 6,与天然气(0.292 9)、煤(0.232 4)、柴油(0.156 1)相比具有较大优势。

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刘海玉(1981),男,博士,教授,主要研究方向为污染物脱除、微波介电特性,
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=QQ6KGMIXZHcsrHrLvvpmlg==, magXml=eXkBhIQNRH1XRSvplOQT/w==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=v8JXeE3G/I79utYmeJj+qg==, pdfFileSize=1213362, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=IhoJlE4s+XGa4ALgtVzzwQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=zoyKC+dcg9Zg+NkJhv0udg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

吴杨(1998),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为煤清洁高效燃烧技术,

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吴杨(1998),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为煤清洁高效燃烧技术,

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Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2010, 4(1): 159-164., articleTitle=Emission characteristics and regulation control of NOx from oil-tired boilers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241694404289818759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503109541221177, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=null, issue=3, pageStart=366, pageEnd=370, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=65, authorNames=刘迎春, 曹卫彬, 孙传庆, journalName=石河子大学学报(自然科学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘迎春,曹卫彬,孙传庆,等.棉籽油及其调和油的热值测定与分析[J].石河子大学学报(自然科学版)2008(3):366-370., articleTitle=棉籽油及其调和油的热值测定与分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241694404352733321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503109541221177, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=null, issue=3, pageStart=366, pageEnd=370, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=66, authorNames=LIU Yingchun, CAO Weibin, SUN Chuanqing, journalName=Journal of Shihezi University (Natural Science Edition), refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Yingchun, CAO Weibin, SUN Chuanqing, et al. Determination and analysis on heat value for cottonseed oil and lts blending oil[J]. Journal of Shihezi University (Natural Science Edition), 2008(3): 366-370., articleTitle=Determination and analysis on heat value for cottonseed oil and lts blending oil, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241694404432425101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503109541221177, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1996, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=67, authorNames=国家技术监督局, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=国家技术监督局.GB 16663—1996 醇基液体燃料[S].1996:1., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241694404499533966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503109541221177, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1996, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=68, authorNames=National standardization administration, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=National standardization administration. GB 16663—1996 Alcohol-based liquid fuel[S]. 1996: 1., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241694404566642832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503109541221177, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=69, authorNames=国家标准化管理委员会, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=国家标准化管理委员会.GB 17820—2018 天然气[S].2018., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241694404621168786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503109541221177, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=70, authorNames=National standardization administration, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=National standardization administration. GB 17820—2018 Natural gas[S]. 2015., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241694404688277652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503109541221177, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=71, authorNames=国家标准化管理委员会, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=国家标准化管理委员会.GB 17411—2015 船用燃料油[S].2015:1., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241694404755386518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503109541221177, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=72, authorNames=National standardization administration, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=National standardization administration. GB 17411—2015 Marine fuel oil[S]. 2015: 1., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241694394953298861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503109541221177, awardId=2021SX5, language=EN, fundingSource=Chinese Academy of Engineering Academia-local Cooperation Project(2021SX5), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241694395066545073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503109541221177, awardId=2021SX5, language=CN, fundingSource=中国工程院院地合作项目(2021SX5), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241694395150431158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503109541221177, awardId=20200016, language=EN, fundingSource=Shanxi Province Overseas Students Science and Technology Activities Merit-based Funding Project(20200016), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241694395255288761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, 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caption=Flow chart of fuel comprehensive evaluation calculation, figureFileSmall=trB26v/JBXzeqrG+kcxf9w==, figureFileBig=Pb+nZiJQ8jNn368STFQzVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241694390725440318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503109541221177, language=CN, label=图1, caption=燃料综合评价计算流程, figureFileSmall=trB26v/JBXzeqrG+kcxf9w==, figureFileBig=Pb+nZiJQ8jNn368STFQzVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241694390872240965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503109541221177, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Structure model of comprehensive evaluation index of boiler fuels, figureFileSmall=jR+D3rzim/d+TMNttpps9Q==, figureFileBig=B6FURbkWolGN7of50MQ7NA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241694390964515658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503109541221177, language=CN, label=图2, caption=中小型锅炉燃料综合性评价指标结构模型, figureFileSmall=jR+D3rzim/d+TMNttpps9Q==, figureFileBig=B6FURbkWolGN7of50MQ7NA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241694391060984655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503109541221177, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Distribution of first-level index evaluation values for four fuels, figureFileSmall=1jU1/8yhP/FgkNH3biPxtQ==, figureFileBig=jFrMKg2FIPnEYNwgQImZxA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241694391165842258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503109541221177, language=CN, label=图3, caption=4种燃料的一级指标评价值分布, figureFileSmall=1jU1/8yhP/FgkNH3biPxtQ==, figureFileBig=jFrMKg2FIPnEYNwgQImZxA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241694391262311253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503109541221177, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Distribution of comprehensive evaluation values for fours fuels, figureFileSmall=sLOwCTHXqELqnOF4Gq6x+g==, figureFileBig=2BT02PTEHTiYGZITRO0pkw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241694391404917593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503109541221177, language=CN, label=图4, caption=4种燃料的综合性评价值分布

情景1—煤;情景2—柴油;情景3—甲醇;情景4—天然气。

, figureFileSmall=sLOwCTHXqELqnOF4Gq6x+g==, figureFileBig=2BT02PTEHTiYGZITRO0pkw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241694391509775197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503109541221177, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

The random consistency metric value

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
阶数12345678
RI000.520.891.121.261.361.41
), ArticleFig(id=1241694391614632800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503109541221177, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

随机一致性指标RI值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
阶数12345678
RI000.520.891.121.261.361.41
), ArticleFig(id=1241694391706907491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503109541221177, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Risk severity S

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
严重程度说明
1—高可能导致死亡、严重环境破坏
2—中导致严重损伤、严重职业病、主要的环境破坏
3—低导致较小损伤、较轻职业病、次要的环境破坏
4—可忽略不会引起伤害、环境破坏
), ArticleFig(id=1241694391828542311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503109541221177, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

风险严重程度S

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
严重程度说明
1—高可能导致死亡、严重环境破坏
2—中导致严重损伤、严重职业病、主要的环境破坏
3—低导致较小损伤、较轻职业病、次要的环境破坏
4—可忽略不会引起伤害、环境破坏
), ArticleFig(id=1241694391937594220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503109541221177, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Risk level and risk value

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
概率等级风险等级/风险值
1—高2—中3—低4—可忽略
a—频繁1a/5.002a/4.753a/4.004a/2.00
b—很可能1b/4.752b/4.253b/3.754b/1.75
c—偶尔1c/4.002c/3.753c/2.754c/0.75
d—极少1d/3.502d/2.503d/2.254d/0.25
e—不太可能1e/3.252e/2.003e/1.254e/0.25
f—不可能1f/1.502f/1.003f/0.254f/0
), ArticleFig(id=1241694392042451824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503109541221177, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

风险等级及风险值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
概率等级风险等级/风险值
1—高2—中3—低4—可忽略
a—频繁1a/5.002a/4.753a/4.004a/2.00
b—很可能1b/4.752b/4.253b/3.754b/1.75
c—偶尔1c/4.002c/3.753c/2.754c/0.75
d—极少1d/3.502d/2.503d/2.254d/0.25
e—不太可能1e/3.252e/2.003e/1.254e/0.25
f—不可能1f/1.502f/1.003f/0.254f/0
), ArticleFig(id=1241694392155698034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503109541221177, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Four kinds of fuel safety risk assessment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
燃料类型监测指标结果/风险等级综合风险值
闪点爆炸极限人体伤害性运输污染泄漏风险
-/1f150~1 500 g·m–3/2e粉尘/3e粉尘/3b粉尘/3e9.75
柴油55 ℃/1d1.4%~4.5%/1e较低/2e极低/4d难以降解/2c12.75
甲醇12 ℃/1c6.7%~36.5%/2d低毒/1d极低/4d易降解/3e11.50
天然气-190 ℃/1b5%~15%/1d燃爆、窒息/2e极低/4d易扩散/3d14.50
), ArticleFig(id=1241694392252167032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503109541221177, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

4种燃料安全风险评价

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
燃料类型监测指标结果/风险等级综合风险值
闪点爆炸极限人体伤害性运输污染泄漏风险
-/1f150~1 500 g·m–3/2e粉尘/3e粉尘/3b粉尘/3e9.75
柴油55 ℃/1d1.4%~4.5%/1e较低/2e极低/4d难以降解/2c12.75
甲醇12 ℃/1c6.7%~36.5%/2d低毒/1d极低/4d易降解/3e11.50
天然气-190 ℃/1b5%~15%/1d燃爆、窒息/2e极低/4d易扩散/3d14.50
), ArticleFig(id=1241694392365413246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503109541221177, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Basic information of four fuels

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目柴油甲醇天然气
含硫量/%0.6300.2000.005100 mg/m3
含氮量/%0.790.2500.01
灰分/%19.77
低位发热量/(MJ·kg–1)22.44142.57021.00034 MJ/m3
碳排放因子/(kg·MJ–1)0.0910.0740.0500.056
烟尘排放因子/(kg·t–1)0.2610.200
价格/(元·t–1)7006 5002 5003.6元/m3
), ArticleFig(id=1241694392453493633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503109541221177, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

4种燃料基本信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目柴油甲醇天然气
含硫量/%0.6300.2000.005100 mg/m3
含氮量/%0.790.2500.01
灰分/%19.77
低位发热量/(MJ·kg–1)22.44142.57021.00034 MJ/m3
碳排放因子/(kg·MJ–1)0.0910.0740.0500.056
烟尘排放因子/(kg·t–1)0.2610.200
价格/(元·t–1)7006 5002 5003.6元/m3
), ArticleFig(id=1241694392570934151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503109541221177, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

The actual value of the second-level indicator

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目柴油甲醇天然气
燃烧效率/%83889591
锅炉效率/%65859290
燃料消耗量1.709 1 t0.689 0 t1.290 4 t8.147 0×102 m3
SO2生成量/kg1.733 10.277 20.013 00.016 4
NOx生成量/kg0.816 40.238 20.123 10.129 0
烟尘生成量/kg27.121 40.018 10.004 30.016 4
CO2生成量/kg351.120 0218.343 5136.304 3156.053 3
燃料费用/元120.356 6450.524 4324.534 2295.058 8
碳税/元17.556 010.917 26.815 27.802 7
进口依存度/%5711443
燃料综合风险值9.7512.7511.5014.50
), ArticleFig(id=1241694392654820237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503109541221177, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

二级指标实际值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目柴油甲醇天然气
燃烧效率/%83889591
锅炉效率/%65859290
燃料消耗量1.709 1 t0.689 0 t1.290 4 t8.147 0×102 m3
SO2生成量/kg1.733 10.277 20.013 00.016 4
NOx生成量/kg0.816 40.238 20.123 10.129 0
烟尘生成量/kg27.121 40.018 10.004 30.016 4
CO2生成量/kg351.120 0218.343 5136.304 3156.053 3
燃料费用/元120.356 6450.524 4324.534 2295.058 8
碳税/元17.556 010.917 26.815 27.802 7
进口依存度/%5711443
燃料综合风险值9.7512.7511.5014.50
), ArticleFig(id=1241694392789037966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503109541221177, language=EN, label=Tab.7, caption=

Ranking of the importance of the first-level indicators

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
情景节能因素环境因素经济因素社会因素
情景11111
情景21223
情景32123
情景42213
情景52221
), ArticleFig(id=1241694392889701266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503109541221177, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

一级指标重要性排序

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
情景节能因素环境因素经济因素社会因素
情景11111
情景21223
情景32123
情景42213
情景52221
), ArticleFig(id=1241694392994558870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503109541221177, language=EN, label=Tab.8, caption=

Calculation results of the evaluation value of the first-level indicators

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
一级指标项目柴油甲醇天然气
节能因素评价值0.215 80.250 80.271 20.262 2
排序4312
环境因素评价值0.002 20.123 20.468 20.406 4
排序4312
经济因素评价值0.465 70.136 40.190 00.207 9
排序1432
社会因素评价值0.492 90.089 30.288 40.129 4
排序1423
), ArticleFig(id=1241694393099416476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503109541221177, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

一级指标评价值计算结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
一级指标项目柴油甲醇天然气
节能因素评价值0.215 80.250 80.271 20.262 2
排序4312
环境因素评价值0.002 20.123 20.468 20.406 4
排序4312
经济因素评价值0.465 70.136 40.190 00.207 9
排序1432
社会因素评价值0.492 90.089 30.288 40.129 4
排序1423
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Comprehensive performance index and ranking of various fuels under different scenarios

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情景综合评价值柴油甲醇天然气
情景1数值0.294 20.149 90.304 40.251 5
排序2413
情景2数值0.266 80.170 10.300 50.262 5
排序3412
情景3数值0.234 00.150 50.330 80.284 7
排序3412
情景4数值0.305 30.152 50.288 00.254 2
排序1423
情景5数值0.322 60.141 30.302 10.234 0
排序1423
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不同情景下各种燃料的综合性能指数和排序

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情景综合评价值柴油甲醇天然气
情景1数值0.294 20.149 90.304 40.251 5
排序2413
情景2数值0.266 80.170 10.300 50.262 5
排序3412
情景3数值0.234 00.150 50.330 80.284 7
排序3412
情景4数值0.305 30.152 50.288 00.254 2
排序1423
情景5数值0.322 60.141 30.302 10.234 0
排序1423
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基于AHP-EWM的甲醇与传统锅炉燃料对比分析
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吴杨 1 , 刘海玉 1 , 寇梦楠 1 , 牛俊天 1 , 朱建军 2 , 金燕 1 , 樊保国 1
热力发电 | 热能科学研究 2023,52(10): 113-121
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热力发电 | 热能科学研究 2023, 52(10): 113-121
基于AHP-EWM的甲醇与传统锅炉燃料对比分析
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吴杨1 , 刘海玉1 , 寇梦楠1, 牛俊天1, 朱建军2, 金燕1, 樊保国1
作者信息
  • 1.太原理工大学电气与动力工程学院,山西 太原 030024
  • 2.太原理工大学机械与运载工程学院,山西 太原 030024
  • 吴杨(1998),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为煤清洁高效燃烧技术,

通讯作者:

刘海玉(1981),男,博士,教授,主要研究方向为污染物脱除、微波介电特性,
Comparative analysis of methanol and traditional boiler fuel based on AHP-EWM
Yang WU1 , Haiyu LIU1 , Mengnan KOU1, Juntian NIU1, Jianjun ZHU2, Yan JIN1, Baoguo FAN1
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Electrical and Power Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
  • 2.School of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
出版时间: 2023-10-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202304382
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在“双碳”目标背景下,环保要求日益严格,甲醇作为公认的高效清洁低碳燃料越来越受到重视。为分析甲醇用于锅炉燃料的可行性,建立了甲醇、煤、柴油、天然气作为锅炉燃料的综合性评价模型,通过层次分析法(analytic hierarchy process,AHP)、熵权法(entropy weight method,EWM),考虑节能性、环保性、经济性以及社会性4个指标,在各指标重要程度不同的5种情景下进行综合评价,得出以下结论:甲醇的节能性优于其他燃料,环保性及经济性与天然气相当,社会性方面仅次于煤,是柴油3.2倍、天然气的2.2倍;在重要性方面,环境因素第一,经济因素与节能因素其次,社会因素重要性最弱(情景3);甲醇作为锅炉燃料的综合评价得分为0.318 6,与天然气(0.292 9)、煤(0.232 4)、柴油(0.156 1)相比具有较大优势。

甲醇  /  锅炉燃料  /  层次分析法  /  熵权法  /  综合性评价

Under the background of the goal of “carbon peak and carbon neutrality”, environmental protection requirements are becoming increasingly stringent, and methanol as a recognized high-efficiency, clean and low-carbon fuel has received more and more attention. In order to analyze the feasibility of methanol for boiler fuel, a comprehensive evaluation model of methanol, coal, diesel and natural gas as boiler fuel was established, and the four indicators of energy saving, environmental protection, economy and sociality were considered through analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and entropy weight method (EWM), and comprehensive evaluation was carried out under five scenarios with different importance of each index. The following conclusions are drawn: the energy saving of methanol is better than that of other fuels, the environmental protection and economy are comparable to natural gas, and the social aspect is second only to coal, which is 3.2 times that of diesel and 2.2 times that of natural gas; in terms of importance, environmental factors first, economic factors and energy-saving factors second, social factors are the weakest importance (scenario 3); the comprehensive evaluation score of methanol as boiler fuel is 0.318 6, which has great advantages compared with natural gas (0.292 9), coal (0.232 4) and diesel (0.156 1).

methanol  /  boiler fuel  /  analytic hierarchy process  /  entropy weight method  /  comprehensive evaluation
吴杨, 刘海玉, 寇梦楠, 牛俊天, 朱建军, 金燕, 樊保国. 基于AHP-EWM的甲醇与传统锅炉燃料对比分析. 热力发电, 2023 , 52 (10) : 113 -121 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202304382
Yang WU, Haiyu LIU, Mengnan KOU, Juntian NIU, Jianjun ZHU, Yan JIN, Baoguo FAN. Comparative analysis of methanol and traditional boiler fuel based on AHP-EWM[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2023 , 52 (10) : 113 -121 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202304382
相比较于传统锅炉燃料,甲醇燃料不仅具有清洁高效、可再生等优势,而且可有效缓解原油、天然气的对外依赖度。此外,在绿氢耦合煤制甲醇、二氧化碳加绿氢制取甲醇、消纳过剩新能源电力的同时,能够获得储、运、用方便的甲醇燃料。目前,随着对锅炉排放要求的日益严格、甲醇产能过剩及“双碳”目标的临近,甲醇作为中小型锅炉燃料、点火稳燃燃料等的研究与应用越来越广泛。
开滦股份范各庄矿业分公司[1]对4台蒸发量20 t/h燃煤锅炉进行醇基燃料改造,改造后,颗粒物、SO2、NOx排放质量浓度分别由燃煤时27.70、167.00、477.00 mg/m3降至8.65、3.00 mg/m3以下及99.00 mg/m3,且醇基燃料专用锅炉的NOx排放质量浓度更低至27 mg/m3。锅炉使用甲醇燃料不仅排放清洁,同时有着较好的技术经济性[1-4]。此外,李灿院士提出的利用太阳能制备液体燃料甲醇项目[5-6],生产1 t甲醇可利用1.375 t CO2,具有消纳过剩新能源电力、利用捕集的CO2、获得燃料甲醇的效果[7-9]
煤、天然气、甲醇、柴油等是中小型锅炉常用的燃料,不同燃料间的优劣性评价有不同的评价方法,可分为单项评价和综合评价[10]。单项评价包括技术评价、经济评价、社会评价等,只是对评价对象某一方面的优劣进行评价;综合评价则是在单项评价的基础上对评价对象进行全面、系统、科学的整体评价。指标权重[11]是指某一指标相对于被评价对象的重要程度,其确定方法主要包括以模糊综合评价、层次分析法(analytic hierarchy process,AHP)为主的主观赋权法及以熵权法(entropy weight method,EWM)、灰色关联法等为主的客观赋权法。当评价指标难以定量表示时,冯凌[12]用层次分析法分析了供应商选择的评价指标权重值。在评价指标均可以量化时,付忠广等[13]用向量夹角余弦法求燃气电厂三级指标权重值;罗毅等[14]使用熵权法对600 MW机组的可靠性、经济性、技术监督各因素进行评价,其结果对层次分析法的计算结果进行了调整。
现有关于甲醇作为锅炉燃料的研究主要集中在经济性、环保性等方面的研究,缺少对甲醇锅炉整体综合性评价及与传统燃料锅炉的对比分析。因此,本文采用主客观相结合的综合性评价方式,从节能、环境、经济和社会4个因素的一级指标及其下属的二级指标出发,使用层次分析法、熵权法对锅炉使用不同燃料时的综合效益进行量化评价,为相关决策提供参考。
AHP是20世纪70年代由著名运筹学家萨蒂提出的一种主观评价方法[12-15],其原理是建立综合性评价模型,根据具有递阶结构的目标、子目标(准则)、约束条件等来评价方案,采用指标两两比较重要性的方法构造判断矩阵;然后以判断矩阵最大特征值对应特征向量的分量作为对应指标的系数;最后综合计算出各方案的权重[15-17],权重的大小表示各个方案的优劣。
考虑到客观事物的复杂性和人们认识的多样性,构造的判断矩阵不一定具有完全一致性,判断矩阵需进行一致性检验,用一致性比率CR值的大小来表示检验结果,计算公式为:
CR=CI/RI
CI=(λmaxn)/(n1)
式中:CR为一致性比率;CI为一致性指标;RI为随机一致性指标,与判断矩阵阶数有关,取值见表1λmax为判断矩阵的最大特征值;n为判断矩阵阶数。
当CR<0.1时,认为该层次总排序具有满意的一致性,否则需要对本层次的各判断矩阵进行调整,再次进行分析。
AHP作为一种主观赋权法,具有缺乏客观科学依据的缺陷,但本文在通过AHP计算一级指标权重时,通过考虑5种一级评价指标重视程度不同的情景下的各种燃料的综合性评价情况,使得层次分析法的主观性劣势转化为了灵活性优势。
EWM是一种客观赋权方法,其计算原理是通过考量评价指标所含信息量的大小来计算各指标权重[18-19]。EWM的特点是客观性强[20],能够充分挖掘原始数据的内在规律和信息量,将评价指标的真实数据转化为评价值。EWM的主要分析步骤如文献[19]。对于可以量化的二级指标,如SO2、NOx、烟尘生成量、燃料成本、碳税等,采用EWM可客观得到对应指标的权重,使得结果更具说服力,研究方法与计算流程如图1所示。
小型锅炉在我国有着广泛的应用,常用的燃料有煤、油、天然气及甲醇。本节以锅炉生产1 t工业标准蒸汽为例,在锅炉吸热量确定的情况下计算部分二级评价指标的具体值,再通过EWM及AHP对4种燃料进行综合性评价计算。
锅炉使用不同燃料时的综合性能,需要考虑到节能、环保、经济及社会等多方面因素,而这4个指标下又分别包含多项二级指标,二级指标的选取及计算方法如下。
在锅炉节能因素方面,选择了表示燃料由化学能转化为热能效率的燃料效率及受排烟温度影响最大、象征着用户经济性的锅炉热效率2个评价指标。燃烧效率以及锅炉热效率参考相关文献,选取较有代表性的平均值。
环境因素选取了《锅炉大气污染物排放标准》(GB 13271—2014)中规定的3种主要污染物SO2、NOx及烟尘(汞除外,主要为燃煤锅炉污染物)生成量3个评价指标。各指标计算方法如下:
1)SO2生成量 主要按照燃料类型(固体、液体、气体燃料)并依据硫元素守恒及硫向SO2转化效率计算[21]。煤中SO2转化率为80%,液体、气体燃料100%转化。煤的计算公式如式(3),柴油、甲醇、天然气的计算公式如式(4):
GSO2=1.6BS×103
GSO2=2BS×103
其中:GSO2为SO2生成量,kg;B为锅炉燃料消耗量,t;S为燃料含硫量,%。
2)NOx生成量 主要由燃料型NOx和热力型NOx组成,其计算公式[21]为:
GNOx1.63BβN+VyCNOx×10-6)×103
式中:GNOx为NOx生成量,kg;β为燃料中N转化为热力型NOx的转化率,燃煤锅炉取25%,燃油锅炉取36%;N为燃料含氮量,%;Vy为实际烟气量(标准状态,下同),m3/kg;C为热力型NOx质量浓度,mg/m3,按93.8 mg/m3计算。
3)烟尘生成量 煤燃烧的烟尘生成情况主要取决于煤中灰分,其生成量Gs1计算公式[21]为:
Gs1=BAdfh1-Cfh×103
式中:Gs1为烟尘生成量,kg;A为灰分,%;dfh为烟气中烟尘占灰分的比率,%,取75%;Cfh为烟尘中可燃物的比率,%,此处煤粉炉取6%。
柴油燃烧的烟尘生成量按照排放系数261 mg/kg[22]燃料计算;天然气燃烧烟尘生成因子为5.98 kg/MJ[23],按天然气热值34 MJ/m3计算,烟尘排放因子200 mg/m3;由于甲醇为非化石燃料,其燃烧烟尘量主要取决于燃烧效率,计算公式[23]为:
Gs2=0.13(1ηf)QnetB×103
式中:ηf为燃烧效率,%,甲醇为95%;Qnet为燃料热值,MJ/t,甲醇按21 MJ/kg计。
锅炉燃用不同燃料时的设备投资成本和人工成本相差不大,此处未考虑这2项。经济因素选择了4种燃料锅炉差异较大的燃料成本、碳税成本2个评价指标。
燃料成本计算公式为:
Cf=B×P
式中:Cf为燃料成本,元;P为燃料价格,元/t(或元/km3)。
碳税成本按照联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会(intergovernmental panel on climate change,IPCC)推荐值,燃煤、柴油、甲醇、天然气的碳排放因子E分别取0.091、0.074、0.050、0.056 kg/MJ。此处碳税价格按50元/t CO2(0.05元/kg)计算,碳税成本计算公式为:
CCO2=0.05×EQη
式中:CCO2为碳税成本,元;E为碳排放因子,kg/MJ;Q为锅炉吸热量,MJ;η为锅炉热效率,%。
社会因素选择燃料的进口依存度及综合风险分别代表国家能源安全及使用安全2个方面。能源安全被纳入燃料的综合评价指标因素,用各种能源的进口依存度来体现,按照进口量/总消费量来计算;燃料综合风险应综合考虑燃料性质、储运以及使用过程中的危险因素,使用风险评估来描述4种燃料的安全性,用综合风险值来量化。风险表达式为[24]
R=f(S,R)=SP
式中:R为风险;S为风险严重程度[25],具体见表2P为风险发生概率,分为a—f 6个等级,具体见表3表。
参照《机械安全风险评估实施指南和方法举例》(GB/T 16856—2015)[26]确定不同风险等级对应的风险值(表3)。依据燃料的自身特性,确定风险等级,如甲醇的闪点为12 ℃,较容易着火,风险严重程度为1—高,概率等级为c—偶尔,则甲醇闪点指标的风险等级为1c,风险值为4.00。
考虑燃料从储存、运输到使用过程中可能涉及的安全性问题,选取以下指标来描述燃料综合风险:反映燃料安全的指标,如爆炸风险的闪点、爆炸极限;反映对人体物理、生理危害的指标,如中毒、窒息等;反映不同燃料在运输使用过程中对环境危害程度的运输污染以及泄露风险指标,如煤在运输过程中的高灰分污染、柴油泄漏后难以降解、甲醇易自然降解等。依据文献关于燃料安全性[27]、泄露风险[28-29]、环境危害[30]等性质的说明,以上指标的风险等级划分及风险值计算结果见表4
综上,建立的综合性评价指标结构模型如图2所示。
结构模型分为目标层、一级指标层、二级指标层及待选方案层4个层次。其中,综合评价为目标层;节能、环境、经济、社会因素为一级评价指标;4个一级评价指标下一层对应9个二级评价指标;煤、柴油、甲醇、天然气为4个备选方案。
以锅炉生产1 t工业标准蒸汽,吸热量2.508 GJ为例,分别采用煤、柴油、甲醇、天然气为燃料进行计算。其中,进口依存度取近年各燃料进口量/消费量比值,燃烧效率参考文献[31-32],锅炉效率参照文献[2,33-34]选取。选用煤种为晋北代表煤,其他3种燃料参数根据文献[35-36]或相关国标[37-39]选取(柴油为0号),具体见表5。在表5条件下,计算出的二级指标数据见表6
表6可知,甲醇燃烧SO2、NOx、烟尘、CO2生成量分别为煤的0.750%、15.070%、0.016%和38.820%,为柴油的4.68%、51.67%、37.46%和62.43%,烟尘生成量为天然气的26.22%,燃烧效率、硫氧化物、氮氧化物生成与天然气相当。
一级评价指标由节能因素、环境因素、经济因素和社会因素组成。4个指标均难以量化,采用主观评价方法—层次分析法获得4个指标的权重。对于锅炉燃料选择来说,在不同发展阶段,注重的问题可能不同,节能因素、环境因素、经济因素和社会因素对决策的影响也不同。本文对4个一级指标对每种燃料作为锅炉燃料时的综合评价重要性进行了5种情景假设:情景1表示4个方面对总目标的重要性相同,作为其他情景的对照;情景2表示节能因素最重要;情景3表示环境因素最重要;情景4表示经济因素最重要;情景5表示社会因素最重要,具体见表7
表7的5种情景下的4个一级指标重要性排序,通过层次分析法,按照重要性排序,第一因素为第二的5/3、为第三的5/2,重要性排序第二的因素为第三的3/2,构造每种情景下的判断矩阵A,计算出最大特征值λmax以及权重W分别如下所示:
情景1下:
A1=[1111111111111111]λmax=4W1=(0.25,0.25,0.25,0.25)T
情景2下:
A2=[15/35/35/23/5113/23/5113/22/52/32/31],  λmax=4,W2=(0.384 6,0.230 8,0.230 8,0.153 8)T
情景3下:
A3=[13/513/25/315/35/213/513/22/32/52/31],  λmax=4.032 8,W3=(0.230 8,0.384 6,0.230 8,0.153 8)T
情景4下:
A4=[113/53/2113/53/25/35/315/22/32/32/51],  λmax=4,W4=(0.230 8,0.230 8,0.384 6,0.153 8)T
情景5下:
A5=[1113/51113/51113/55/35/35/31],  λmax=4.032 8,W5=(0.214 3,0.214 3,0.214 3,0.357 1)T
根据判断矩阵及最大特征值λmax,进行一致性检验。对于情景1,判断矩阵阶数n为4,由表1可知,RI=0.89,而CI=(λmaxn)/(n–1)=(4–4)/(4–1)=0,CR=CI/RI=0<0.1,具有完全一致性。同理,计算出情景2、情景3、情景4、情景5的CR值分别为0、0.010 9、0、0.010 9,均小于0.1,具有完全一致性,判断矩阵构建合理。
1)EWM计算二级指标权重值 对于二级指标,采用EWM,通过构造初始指标矩阵、初级矩阵标准化处理、指标比重计算、指标熵值计算等流程,计算各二级指标对对应一级指标的相对权重。计算得到锅炉热效率I11、燃烧效率I12对节能因素I1的权重向量为(0.537 5,0.462 5)T;SO2排放I21、NOx排放I22、烟尘排放I23对环境因素I2的权重向量为(0.334 3,0.334 8,0.330 9)T;燃料成本I31、碳税成本I32对经济因素I3权重向量为(0.552 9,0.447 1)T;燃料进口依赖度I41、综合风险I42对社会因素I4的权重向量为(0.486 0,0.514 0)T
2)一级指标评价值计算 在得到各二级指标权重值后,根据权重值与对应的二级指标实际值,经过以下方法处理后即可得到4个一级指标的评价值。
节能因素对应的二级指标为正向指标,指标值越大则节能性越好;环境因素、经济因素与社会因素对应的二级指标为负向指标,指标值越小燃料对应的性能越优。如有m种待选方案、n个评价指标,xij为第i种方案的第j个评价指标值,在已知其对应权重为wij情况下,为了消除数量级的影响,同时保持数据原有相对特征,方案i对上一层的评价值计算采取方法如式(16)。
{xij"=j=1nwijxij    xij''=xij"i=1mxij'xij"=1j=1nwijxij   xij''=xij"i=1mxij'
式中:xij′为二级指标处理中间值;xij′′为二级指标评价值。
计算出煤、柴油、甲醇、天然气的节能因素、环境因素、经济因素及社会因素的计算结果见表8,绘制出的雷达图如图3所示。
图3可以看出,节能性方面,甲醇(0.271 2)优于天然气(0.262 2),优于柴油(0.250 8)和煤(0.215 8);污染物生成方面,甲醇优于天然气,分别为0.468 2和0.406 4,大幅度优于柴油(0.123 2)和煤(0.002 2);经济性方面,煤的评价值是其他燃料的2.24~3.41倍,甲醇(0.190 0)略低于天然气(0.207 9),优于柴油(0.136 4);能源安全、燃料安全方面,煤具有较大的优势,其社会因素评价值为天然气的3.8倍、柴油的5.5倍、甲醇的1.7倍,甲醇在能源安全和燃料安全方面均比柴油、天然气更具优势。
在以上确定了一级指标权重和二级指标评价值情况下,二者相乘得到综合评价指数。5种不同情景下各燃料综合性能评价指数见表9,综合性评价值分布情况如图4所示。
图4可知:5种情景下,甲醇均具有较高的综合评价效果;情景1、情景2、情景3下,甲醇的综合评价值均一定程度领先于其他燃料;在环境因素最重要的情景3下,甲醇领先幅度最大。
煤的经济、社会因素占比最大,环境因素方面的得分极低,所以其综合评价得分情况主要取决于对环境的重视程度,环保要求越高,煤的综合得分越低,综合使用效益越低。
1)通过二级指标实际值计算,相比较于煤/柴油,甲醇燃烧SO2、NOx、烟尘、CO2生成量大幅降低,燃烧效率、硫氧化物、氮氧化物生成与天然气相当,烟尘生成量比天然气更低;
2)由EWM计算一级指标评价值结果,甲醇节能、环境因素评价值最高;经济因素评价值略低于天然气;社会因素方面仅次于煤,大幅优于柴油与天然气,印证了甲醇作为锅炉燃料的清洁高效性;
3)在节能性、环保性、经济性以及社会效益的重要性考虑不同时,各种燃料的排序发生了变化。可以根据实际情况的不同,选择最合理的方案。如在前数十年,注重发展经济的时期,经济因素的考量比例最大,可参照情景4,此时煤有着很大的优势;当今环境问题越来越受到重视,则环境因素的比重则逐渐增加,则可参照情景3,此时甲醇和天然气优势明显;在国际形势不稳定的全球大背景下,能源安全的重要性也越来越突显出来,这种情况下的4种燃料综合性评价情况如情景5所描述,煤和甲醇占优。
综合考虑节能性、经济性、环保性及社会效益,寻找锅炉传统化石燃料的替代燃料是当前迫切需要的。甲醇燃料与传统化石能源相比,不仅具有清洁高效的优势,而且有利于我国能源安全。利用我国丰富的煤制甲醇,有利于实现煤的高效清洁深度利用;其他甲醇制取方法因地制宜,有利于充分发挥我国资源优势,同时有利于降低对国外进口的依赖、有利于国家能源安全,具有重要的学术意义和实际应用价值。
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2023年第52卷第10期
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doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202304382
  • 首发时间:2026-01-26
  • 出版时间:2023-10-25
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  • 修回日期:2023-04-23
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Chinese Academy of Engineering Academia-local Cooperation Project(2021SX5)
中国工程院院地合作项目(2021SX5)
Shanxi Province Overseas Students Science and Technology Activities Merit-based Funding Project(20200016)
山西省留学人员科技活动择优资助项目(20200016)
作者信息
    1.太原理工大学电气与动力工程学院,山西 太原 030024
    2.太原理工大学机械与运载工程学院,山西 太原 030024

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刘海玉(1981),男,博士,教授,主要研究方向为污染物脱除、微波介电特性,
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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