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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significant clinical and biological heterogeneity. Its global prevalence has been rising annually, posing it as a critical public health challenge in China. In recent years, the integration of multimodal technologies has substantially improved the accuracy of early screening and objective diagnosis for ASD. However, clinically universal biomarkers remain lacking, and diagnosis continues to rely on behavioral phenotype assessments, leading to delayed identification in some cases. Regarding interventions, behavioral therapies remain the primary approach, though their efficacy varies considerably among individuals. Emerging technologies, such as neuromodulation, novel pharmacotherapies, and digital therapeutics, have demonstrated potential advantages but require further clinical validation. In summary, current ASD management faces multiple challenges in objective diagnosis, core symptom intervention, and personalized strategies. Future research should focus on enhancing innovation and dissemination of early screening technologies, advancing the development of precision diagnostic systems, optimizing intervention approaches and developing personalized treatments, improving the diagnostic and therapeutic service system and enhancing resource accessibility, and establishing a comprehensive life-course support system. These efforts aim to comprehensively elevate diagnostic and treatment standards and improve the social functioning and quality of life for individuals with ASD.

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孤独症谱系障碍（Autism Spectrum Disorder, ASD）是一种具有高度临床和生物学异质性的神经发育障碍，其全球患病率逐年攀升，已成为中国公共卫生领域的重要挑战。近年来，随着多模态技术的融合应用，ASD的早期筛查与客观诊断精度显著提高，但仍缺乏具有临床普适性的生物标志物，诊断依赖行为表型评估，导致部分病例识别延迟。在干预方面，行为干预仍是主要手段，但疗效个体差异显著；新兴技术，如神经调控、新型药物治疗、数字疗法等，展现出潜在优势，但仍需更多临床验证。综上，当前ASD诊疗在客观诊断、核心干预和个体化策略等方面仍面临诸多挑战。未来研究应加强早期筛查技术创新与推广、推进精准诊断体系建设、优化干预手段、发展个性化治疗、完善诊疗服务体系、提升资源可及性，同时构建覆盖全生命周期的支持体系，以全面提升诊疗水平，改善ASD群体的社会功能和生活质量。

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龙俊字，博士研究生。主要从事孤独症早期诊断与防治、神经保护机制与干预研究。发表SCI论文12篇。电子信箱：longjunzi1006@163.com

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龙俊字，博士研究生。主要从事孤独症早期诊断与防治、神经保护机制与干预研究。发表SCI论文12篇。电子信箱：longjunzi1006@163.com

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bio={"img":"riKyTgb+9asIFbq74B9+rw==","content":"

张皓，主任医师，教授，博士研究生导师。中国康复研究中心副主任。主要从事神经系统疾病的康复研究。国务院政府特殊津贴专家。主持国家自然科学基金、中国残疾人联合会基金等多项国家级和省部级课题。发表SC论文50余篇。电子信箱：crrczh2020@163.com

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张皓，主任医师，教授，博士研究生导师。中国康复研究中心副主任。主要从事神经系统疾病的康复研究。国务院政府特殊津贴专家。主持国家自然科学基金、中国残疾人联合会基金等多项国家级和省部级课题。发表SC论文50余篇。电子信箱：crrczh2020@163.com

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