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Maglev transportation, from conceptualization to commercial operation, has undergone nearly a century of development, achieving a series of significant research outcomes. These accomplishments have provided valuable experience and insights for the development of maglev transportation in China. This article reviews the history and evolution of maglev transportation systems and introduces Germany’s technological research and engineering practices in this field. The paper also analyzes the background and evolution of the global center of high-speed maglev transportation research from Germany to China and presents recommendations and prospects for the innovative development of high-speed maglev transportation in China.
, correspAuthors=Qinghua ZHENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
†
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磁浮交通从概念提出到商业运营历经了近一个世纪的发展，取得了一系列重要的研究成果，为中国磁浮交通领域的发展提供了宝贵的经验和启示。文章回顾了磁浮交通起源和早期发展，介绍了德国在该领域的技术研发与工程实践，分析了世界高速磁浮交通研究的中心从德国转移至中国的背景和演进过程，并对中国高速磁浮交通的创新发展提出了建议和展望。
, correspAuthors=郑清华, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
†
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, authorsList=郑清华, 倪菲)}, authors=[Author(id=1241742361944978095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241742325668442576, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=qinghua.zheng@thyssenkrupp.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241742362016281266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241742325668442576, authorId=1241742361944978095, language=EN, stringName=Qinghua ZHENG, firstName=Qinghua, middleName=null, lastName=ZHENG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, †, address=1. ThyssenKrupp Transrapid GmbH, Munich 80809, Germany
2. Maglev Transportation Engineering Technology R&D Center, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241742362075001523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241742325668442576, authorId=1241742361944978095, language=CN, stringName=郑清华, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, †, address=1.德国蒂森克虏伯磁悬浮公司，德国慕尼黑 80809
2.同济大学磁浮交通工程技术研究中心，上海 201804, bio={"img":"QTR9rtlM+6KueuXy71bvWw==","content":"
郑清华，德国蒂森克虏伯磁悬浮公司高级技术经理，同济大学兼职教授。曾任德国西门子公司项目经理、技术专家、高级首席科学家。研究方向包括动力系统、非线性振动、控制理论、数值方法、数据分析。电子信箱：qinghua.zheng@thyssenkrupp.com。
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郑清华，德国蒂森克虏伯磁悬浮公司高级技术经理，同济大学兼职教授。曾任德国西门子公司项目经理、技术专家、高级首席科学家。研究方向包括动力系统、非线性振动、控制理论、数值方法、数据分析。电子信箱：qinghua.zheng@thyssenkrupp.com。
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2023,
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TR05在汉堡IVA79期间载客运行现场 （来源：https：//www.thyssenkrupp.com）
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德国TVE试验线 （来源：https：//www.thyssenkrupp.com）
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| 创新点 | 理论意义与应用价值 |
| 悬浮磁铁与牵引电机及直线发电机的一体化设计方案 | 减少车辆的部件数量，有助于降低重量和成本；解决车辆的电力供应问题 |
| 实时监控悬浮磁铁电流和悬浮间隙的故障安全功能 | 规避因半导体开关故障引起的电磁吸附问题；确保车辆运行的故障安全功能 |
| “单个电子部件故障不影响整个系统功能”的冗余设计原则 | 为磁浮交通的高可靠性和高准点率奠定基础 |
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“现状研讨会”中形成的重要创新方案
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| 创新点 | 理论意义与应用价值 |
| 悬浮磁铁与牵引电机及直线发电机的一体化设计方案 | 减少车辆的部件数量，有助于降低重量和成本；解决车辆的电力供应问题 |
| 实时监控悬浮磁铁电流和悬浮间隙的故障安全功能 | 规避因半导体开关故障引起的电磁吸附问题；确保车辆运行的故障安全功能 |
| “单个电子部件故障不影响整个系统功能”的冗余设计原则 | 为磁浮交通的高可靠性和高准点率奠定基础 |
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| 建造年份 | 车辆名称 | 技术制式 | 最高速度/（km·h-1） |
| 悬浮系统 | 牵引系统 |
| 1969 | TR01（模型车） | 常导电磁悬浮 | 短定子直线异步电机 | — |
| 1971 | MBB Prinzipfahrzeug | 常导电磁悬浮 | 短定子直线异步电机 | 90.0 |
| 1971 | TR02 | 常导电磁悬浮 | 短定子直线异步电机 | 164.0 |
| 1972 | TR03 | 气垫悬浮 | 短定子直线异步电机 | 140.0 |
| 1973 | EET01 | 低温超导电动悬浮 | 短定子直线异步电机 | 230.0 |
| 1973 | TR04 | 常导电磁悬浮 | 短定子直线异步电机 | 253.2 |
| 1974 | KOMET | 常导电磁悬浮 | 蒸汽推进火箭 | 401.3 |
| 1975 | HMB2 | 常导电磁悬浮 | 长定子直线同步电机 | 36.0 |
| 1979 | TR05 | 常导电磁悬浮 | 长定子直线同步电机 | 75.0 |
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磁浮交通在技术制式探索阶段的代表性研发成果
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| 建造年份 | 车辆名称 | 技术制式 | 最高速度/（km·h-1） |
| 悬浮系统 | 牵引系统 |
| 1969 | TR01（模型车） | 常导电磁悬浮 | 短定子直线异步电机 | — |
| 1971 | MBB Prinzipfahrzeug | 常导电磁悬浮 | 短定子直线异步电机 | 90.0 |
| 1971 | TR02 | 常导电磁悬浮 | 短定子直线异步电机 | 164.0 |
| 1972 | TR03 | 气垫悬浮 | 短定子直线异步电机 | 140.0 |
| 1973 | EET01 | 低温超导电动悬浮 | 短定子直线异步电机 | 230.0 |
| 1973 | TR04 | 常导电磁悬浮 | 短定子直线异步电机 | 253.2 |
| 1974 | KOMET | 常导电磁悬浮 | 蒸汽推进火箭 | 401.3 |
| 1975 | HMB2 | 常导电磁悬浮 | 长定子直线同步电机 | 36.0 |
| 1979 | TR05 | 常导电磁悬浮 | 长定子直线同步电机 | 75.0 |
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| 建造年份 | 车辆名称 | 主要技术参数 | 最高速度/（km·h-1） |
| 1983 | TR06 | 长：54.2 m；宽：3.7 m；高：4.2 m | 412.6 |
| 1988 | TR07 | 长：54 m；宽：3.7 m；高：4 m | 450.0 |
| 1999 | TR08 | 长：79.2 m；宽：3.7 m；高：4.2 m | — |
| 2002 | TR SMT | 长：79.2 m，128.8 m，203.2 m；
宽：3.7 m；高：4.2 m | 501.0 |
| 2007 | TR09 | 长：75.8 m；宽：3.7 m；高：4.25 m | 400.0 |
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TR系列车辆的后期迭代产品特征
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| 建造年份 | 车辆名称 | 主要技术参数 | 最高速度/（km·h-1） |
| 1983 | TR06 | 长：54.2 m；宽：3.7 m；高：4.2 m | 412.6 |
| 1988 | TR07 | 长：54 m；宽：3.7 m；高：4 m | 450.0 |
| 1999 | TR08 | 长：79.2 m；宽：3.7 m；高：4.2 m | — |
| 2002 | TR SMT | 长：79.2 m，128.8 m，203.2 m；
宽：3.7 m；高：4.2 m | 501.0 |
| 2007 | TR09 | 长：75.8 m；宽：3.7 m；高：4.25 m | 400.0 |
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