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Marine devices serve as the backbone of marine science research, marine resource exploitation, and marine environmental safety. This paper briefly analyzes the opportunities and challenges encountered by China in the field of marine devices. In terms of ship technologies industry, devices for marine resource exploitation and deep-sea exploration, the paper summarizes the technological status both in China and other marine powers and sorts the advanced technologies that are the most noteworthy as well as key directions for future development.
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海洋装备是支撑海洋科学研究、资源开发和安全保障事业的“脊梁骨”。文章简要分析了中国当前在海洋装备领域面临的机遇和挑战,针对船舶技术与产业、海洋资源开发装备和深海装备,概要介绍了世界海洋强国和中国的相关技术现状,择要梳理了最值得关切的前沿技术内涵和重点发展方向。
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吴有生,研究员,中国工程院院士,博士研究生导师。船舶力学与船舶工程专家,三维水弹性力学奠基人。现任中国船舶集团中国船舶科学研究中心名誉所长,工业和信息化部高技术船舶研究计划专家咨询委员会主任。长期致力于船舶与海洋工程流固耦合和战略发展研究,解决了舰船抗核加固核心技术问题,创建了三维船舶水弹性力学理论。主持从事新型高性能船舶及深海装备的研究设计,极大型浮动结构技术研究和工程开发。先后任多个国际学术组织常委、秘书长、主席。获得国家级、省部级科技成果奖10余项,发表学术论文270余篇、专著4部。电子信箱： wuys@cssrc.com.cn。 |
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1, 2, address=1. China Ship Scientific Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Deep-sea Manned Vehicles, Wuxi 214082, China
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吴有生,研究员,中国工程院院士,博士研究生导师。船舶力学与船舶工程专家,三维水弹性力学奠基人。现任中国船舶集团中国船舶科学研究中心名誉所长,工业和信息化部高技术船舶研究计划专家咨询委员会主任。长期致力于船舶与海洋工程流固耦合和战略发展研究,解决了舰船抗核加固核心技术问题,创建了三维船舶水弹性力学理论。主持从事新型高性能船舶及深海装备的研究设计,极大型浮动结构技术研究和工程开发。先后任多个国际学术组织常委、秘书长、主席。获得国家级、省部级科技成果奖10余项,发表学术论文270余篇、专著4部。电子信箱： wuys@cssrc.com.cn。
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吴有生,研究员,中国工程院院士,博士研究生导师。船舶力学与船舶工程专家,三维水弹性力学奠基人。现任中国船舶集团中国船舶科学研究中心名誉所长,工业和信息化部高技术船舶研究计划专家咨询委员会主任。长期致力于船舶与海洋工程流固耦合和战略发展研究,解决了舰船抗核加固核心技术问题,创建了三维船舶水弹性力学理论。主持从事新型高性能船舶及深海装备的研究设计,极大型浮动结构技术研究和工程开发。先后任多个国际学术组织常委、秘书长、主席。获得国家级、省部级科技成果奖10余项,发表学术论文270余篇、专著4部。电子信箱： wuys@cssrc.com.cn。
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日本海沟海底地震海啸观测网（S-net） （来源：https://www.seafloor.bosai.go.jp/S-net/）
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俄罗斯10831型“小马驹”深海工作站 （来源：http://www.hisutton.com/Spy%20Sub%20-%20Project%2010831%20Losharik.html）
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德国“Helgoland”号水下实验室, figureFileSmall=4+6EGaACi+5OGEPfDpNoUw==, figureFileBig=m9hudiNCEOm04MV7TJ9kWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241718020012306820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717893411426457, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 年份 | 全球完工量/
万载重吨 | 占比/% |
| 中国 | 日本 | 韩国 |
| 2001 | 4610 | 6.0 | 43.0 | 40.0 |
| 2006 | 7440 | 19.0 | 38.0 | 34.0 |
| 2008 | 9771 | 28.5 | 30.0 | 38.0 |
| 2010 | 14607 | 41.9 | 21.5 | 31.9 |
| 2012 | 15215 | 44.4 | 18.3 | 31.8 |
| 2014 | 9365 | 39.0 | 24.1 | 27.9 |
| 2016 | 9997 | 35.9 | 21.9 | 36.3 |
| 2018 | 8012 | 43.3 | 25.1 | 24.6 |
| 2020 | 8944 | 43.1 | 25.2 | 27.3 |
), ArticleFig(id=1241718020091998597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717893411426457, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
中国、日本、韩国造船完工量
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| 年份 | 全球完工量/
万载重吨 | 占比/% |
| 中国 | 日本 | 韩国 |
| 2001 | 4610 | 6.0 | 43.0 | 40.0 |
| 2006 | 7440 | 19.0 | 38.0 | 34.0 |
| 2008 | 9771 | 28.5 | 30.0 | 38.0 |
| 2010 | 14607 | 41.9 | 21.5 | 31.9 |
| 2012 | 15215 | 44.4 | 18.3 | 31.8 |
| 2014 | 9365 | 39.0 | 24.1 | 27.9 |
| 2016 | 9997 | 35.9 | 21.9 | 36.3 |
| 2018 | 8012 | 43.3 | 25.1 | 24.6 |
| 2020 | 8944 | 43.1 | 25.2 | 27.3 |
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| 名称 | 国家 | 深度/m | 载员/人 | 建成年份 |
| 极限因子 | 美国 | 11000 | 1 | 2019 |
| 奋斗者 | 中国 | 11000 | 3 | 2020 |
| 蛟龙 | 中国 | 7000 | 3 | 2009 |
| 深海6500 | 日本 | 6500 | 3 | 1989 |
| Rus | 俄罗斯 | 6000 | 3 | 2001 |
| Consul | 俄罗斯 | 6000 | 3 | 2011 |
| Nautile | 法国 | 6000 | 3 | 1985 |
| 阿尔文 | 美国 | 6500 | 3 | 2022（升级） |
| 深海勇士 | 中国 | 4500 | 3 | 2017 |
), ArticleFig(id=1241718020234604935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717893411426457, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
现役载人潜水器
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 名称 | 国家 | 深度/m | 载员/人 | 建成年份 |
| 极限因子 | 美国 | 11000 | 1 | 2019 |
| 奋斗者 | 中国 | 11000 | 3 | 2020 |
| 蛟龙 | 中国 | 7000 | 3 | 2009 |
| 深海6500 | 日本 | 6500 | 3 | 1989 |
| Rus | 俄罗斯 | 6000 | 3 | 2001 |
| Consul | 俄罗斯 | 6000 | 3 | 2011 |
| Nautile | 法国 | 6000 | 3 | 1985 |
| 阿尔文 | 美国 | 6500 | 3 | 2022（升级） |
| 深海勇士 | 中国 | 4500 | 3 | 2017 |
), ArticleFig(id=1241718020314296712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717893411426457, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 俄罗斯型号 | 北约编号 | 俄罗斯编号 | 俄罗斯名称 | 服役
年份 |
| 1910型 | 军服级 | AS-13 | 抹香鲸 | 1986 |
| AS-15 | 1991 |
| AS-33 | 1994 |
| 1851型 | X射线级 | AS-23 | 三文鱼 | 1986 |
| AS-21 | 大比目鱼 | 1991 |
| AS-35 | 1995 |
| 10831型 | Norsub-5级 | AS-12 | 小马驹 | 2003 |
), ArticleFig(id=1241718020393988489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717893411426457, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
俄罗斯深海工作站
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 俄罗斯型号 | 北约编号 | 俄罗斯编号 | 俄罗斯名称 | 服役
年份 |
| 1910型 | 军服级 | AS-13 | 抹香鲸 | 1986 |
| AS-15 | 1991 |
| AS-33 | 1994 |
| 1851型 | X射线级 | AS-23 | 三文鱼 | 1986 |
| AS-21 | 大比目鱼 | 1991 |
| AS-35 | 1995 |
| 10831型 | Norsub-5级 | AS-12 | 小马驹 | 2003 |
), ArticleFig(id=1241718020465291658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717893411426457, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 名称 | 国家 | 最大深度/m | 最大载员/人 | 自持力/d |
| Conshelf Ⅲ | 法国 | 102 | 6 | 12 |
| Helgoland | 德国 | 100 | 4 | 14 |
| Bentos-300 | 俄罗斯 | 300 | 25 | 14 |
), ArticleFig(id=1241718020544983435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717893411426457, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
国外典型水下实验室
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 名称 | 国家 | 最大深度/m | 最大载员/人 | 自持力/d |
| Conshelf Ⅲ | 法国 | 102 | 6 | 12 |
| Helgoland | 德国 | 100 | 4 | 14 |
| Bentos-300 | 俄罗斯 | 300 | 25 | 14 |
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