Article(id=1200407090054418740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, issueId=1200407088884216687, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2025.03.001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1743264000000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-30, revisedDate=1750608000000, revisedDateStr=2025-06-23, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764128952753, onlineDateStr=2025-11-26, pubDate=1758297600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1760630400000, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764128952753, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774072879505, updator=sys-migrate, issue=Issue{id=1200407088884216687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, year='2025', volume='4', issue='3', pageStart='4', pageEnd='131', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=1, createTime=1764128952475, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1776074940856, updator=13041195026, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1250512195805725193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, issueId=1200407088884216687, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1250512195805725194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, issueId=1200407088884216687, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=现代运河工程科学与技术专刊, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=9, endPage=22, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1200407090960388406, articleId=1200407090054418740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, language=EN, title=Fundamental Scientific Issues of Green Construction and Operation for Modern Canal Engineering, columnId=1149656489310208610, journalTitle=Science and Technology Foresight, columnName=Review and Commentary, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Modern canals integrate multi-functional needs such as shipping, flood control, water supply, irrigation, ecology, and tourism. There are many challenges in construction and operation, such as out-of-balance water and sediment transport, regional water security, ecological environment protection, long-life safety of structures, and low carbon. The need for China’s modern canal construction is increasingly urgent. However, the relevant fundamental research is relatively weak. The key theories and technologies of green construction and operation have yet to be broken through, and there is an urgent need to build systematic theories for synergistic regulation of safety and low carbon during the whole life of the canal project. Based on the discussion on the 362nd Shuangqing Forum of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), this paper reviews the development history of artificial canals and the research status of modern canal engineering, puts forward the core connotation of modern canal engineering, summarizes the key technical problems faced by the green construction and operation for modern canal engineering in China, condenses the major scientific issues that need to be paid attention to and solved in the next 5-10 years for green construction and operation of modern canal engineering, and discusses the frontier research direction and the strategy of science funding in the related fields, which have important guiding significance for enabling the construction of large-scale cross-water canal projects in China.
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现代运河集航运、防洪、供水、灌溉、生态、旅游等多功能需求于一体,其工程建造与运维面临水沙输移失衡、区域水安全、生态环境保护、结构长寿命安全与低碳等诸多挑战。中国现代运河工程建设需求日趋迫切,但相关基础研究较为薄弱,绿色建造与运维关键理论与技术有待突破,全寿命期安全与低碳协同调控理论体系亟待探索。基于第362期双清论坛的研讨基础,文章梳理了人工运河的发展历程,提出了现代运河工程的基本内涵,分析了现代运河工程的研究现状,总结了中国现代运河工程绿色建造与运维所面临的关键难题,凝炼了现代运河工程绿色建造与运维未来5~10年亟须关注和解决的重大科学问题,探讨了相关领域的前沿研究方向,对科技赋能中国现代运河工程建设具有重要的指导意义。
, correspAuthors=肖建庄, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
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 |
Long biography: 肖绪文,教授,中国工程院院士,绿色建造技术专家。中国建筑股份有限公司首席专家。住房和城乡建设部绿色建造专家委员会主任,中国建筑业协会绿色建造与智能建筑分会会长,中国土木工程学会绿色建造与运维分会名誉理事长。主要从事建筑工程设计与施工工作。获国家科技进步奖二等奖4项,省部级科技一等奖8项。出版著作10余部。主持或参与编制国家/行业标准10余项。电子信箱:xiaoxw@cscec.com,xiaoxw@tongji.edu.cn。 |
 |
胡亚安(共同第一作者),正高级工程师,中国工程院院士,港口、水道、海岸及近海工程专家。南京水利科学研究院通航建筑物建设技术交通行业重点实验室主任,国际航运协会(PIANC)升船机工作组主席,广西现代运河实验室主任。主要从事内河水运通航建筑物前沿技术攻关、核心装备研发和重大工程实践研究。入选新世纪“百千万人才工程”国家级人选、水利部首批5151人才工程部级人选、享受国务院政府特殊津贴。先后主持和完成国家科技攻关、“863”计划、国家重点研发计划、国家自然科学基金、省部级重点专项及国家重大工程科研项目100余项。获国家科技进步奖二等奖3项,国家技术发明奖二等奖1项,省部级特等奖7项、一等奖13项。授权发明专利46项,主编行业标准10项。电子信箱:yahu@nhri.cn。 |
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刘加平(共同第一作者),东南大学首席教授,中国工程院院士,现代土木工程材料专家。重大基础设施工程材料全国重点实验室主任,中国工程建设标准化协会副理事长,中国混凝土与水泥制品协会副会长,美国混凝土学会(ACI)中国分会副会长,全国混凝土标准化技术委员会副主任委员等。突破了收缩裂缝控制的国际难题,引领了超高性能混凝土的工程化应用,为土木工程建设做出了重要贡献。获国家技术发明奖二等奖1项,国家科技进步奖二等奖4项。获首届国家卓越工程师团队奖、全国创新争先奖、全国五一劳动奖章等荣誉。发表论文200余篇。主/参编标准或规程22项。授权中国发明专利90余件、国际专利14件。电子信箱:liujiaping@cnjsjk.cn。 |
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肖建庄,教授,博士研究生导师。广西大学副校长,同济大学特聘教授和长聘教授。国家杰出青年科学基金获得者,国家重点研发计划首席科学家,德国洪堡学者,教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划入选者。中国土木工程学会绿色建造与运维分会副理事长兼秘书长,中国城市科学研究会可持续土木工程研究专业委员会副主任委员兼秘书长,平陆运河优质工程专家组成员。主要从事再生混凝土材料、结构与3D打印以及混凝土结构减碳设计等基础理论研究、关键技术研发和产业化应用创新。获德国洪堡研究奖、中国产学研合作创新人物奖。获国家科技进步奖二等奖1项、省部级(含社会力量奖)一等奖5项。发表论文400余篇,连续11年入选Elsevier中国高被引学者榜单,连续6年入选World’s Top 2% Scientists榜单。出版专著7部。授权发明专利66件,登记国家软件著作47件。主/参编技术标准40余项。电子信箱:jzxiao@gxu.edu.cn,jzx@tongji.edu.cn。 |
, authorsList=肖绪文, 胡亚安, 刘加平, 肖建庄, 方红卫, 霍守亮, 陈立华, 关铁生, 王新, 王雨春, 金鸣, 王睿, 闫强, 朱彤)}, authors=[Author(id=1242114972562559069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=xiaoxw@cscec.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1242114972646445153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, authorId=1242114972562559069, language=EN, stringName=Xuwen XIAO, firstName=Xuwen, middleName=null, lastName=XIAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, address=1. College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
2. China State Construction Technical Center, China State Construction Engineering Corporation Ltd., Beijing 100084, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1242114972721942627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, authorId=1242114972562559069, language=CN, stringName=肖绪文, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, address=1.同济大学土木工程学院,上海 200092
2.中国建筑集团有限公司中国建筑技术中心,北京 100084, bio={"img":"DAOPQgQotcyQnTNvSyRRAA==","content":"
Long biography: 肖绪文,教授,中国工程院院士,绿色建造技术专家。中国建筑股份有限公司首席专家。住房和城乡建设部绿色建造专家委员会主任,中国建筑业协会绿色建造与智能建筑分会会长,中国土木工程学会绿色建造与运维分会名誉理事长。主要从事建筑工程设计与施工工作。获国家科技进步奖二等奖4项,省部级科技一等奖8项。出版著作10余部。主持或参与编制国家/行业标准10余项。电子信箱:xiaoxw@cscec.com,xiaoxw@tongji.edu.cn。
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Long biography: 肖绪文,教授,中国工程院院士,绿色建造技术专家。中国建筑股份有限公司首席专家。住房和城乡建设部绿色建造专家委员会主任,中国建筑业协会绿色建造与智能建筑分会会长,中国土木工程学会绿色建造与运维分会名誉理事长。主要从事建筑工程设计与施工工作。获国家科技进步奖二等奖4项,省部级科技一等奖8项。出版著作10余部。主持或参与编制国家/行业标准10余项。电子信箱:xiaoxw@cscec.com,xiaoxw@tongji.edu.cn。
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3, address=3. Key Laboratory of Navigation Structures, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1242114972914880619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, authorId=1242114972776468581, language=CN, stringName=胡亚安, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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胡亚安(共同第一作者),正高级工程师,中国工程院院士,港口、水道、海岸及近海工程专家。南京水利科学研究院通航建筑物建设技术交通行业重点实验室主任,国际航运协会(PIANC)升船机工作组主席,广西现代运河实验室主任。主要从事内河水运通航建筑物前沿技术攻关、核心装备研发和重大工程实践研究。入选新世纪“百千万人才工程”国家级人选、水利部首批5151人才工程部级人选、享受国务院政府特殊津贴。先后主持和完成国家科技攻关、“863”计划、国家重点研发计划、国家自然科学基金、省部级重点专项及国家重大工程科研项目100余项。获国家科技进步奖二等奖3项,国家技术发明奖二等奖1项,省部级特等奖7项、一等奖13项。授权发明专利46项,主编行业标准10项。电子信箱:yahu@nhri.cn。
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胡亚安(共同第一作者),正高级工程师,中国工程院院士,港口、水道、海岸及近海工程专家。南京水利科学研究院通航建筑物建设技术交通行业重点实验室主任,国际航运协会(PIANC)升船机工作组主席,广西现代运河实验室主任。主要从事内河水运通航建筑物前沿技术攻关、核心装备研发和重大工程实践研究。入选新世纪“百千万人才工程”国家级人选、水利部首批5151人才工程部级人选、享受国务院政府特殊津贴。先后主持和完成国家科技攻关、“863”计划、国家重点研发计划、国家自然科学基金、省部级重点专项及国家重大工程科研项目100余项。获国家科技进步奖二等奖3项,国家技术发明奖二等奖1项,省部级特等奖7项、一等奖13项。授权发明专利46项,主编行业标准10项。电子信箱:yahu@nhri.cn。
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刘加平(共同第一作者),东南大学首席教授,中国工程院院士,现代土木工程材料专家。重大基础设施工程材料全国重点实验室主任,中国工程建设标准化协会副理事长,中国混凝土与水泥制品协会副会长,美国混凝土学会(ACI)中国分会副会长,全国混凝土标准化技术委员会副主任委员等。突破了收缩裂缝控制的国际难题,引领了超高性能混凝土的工程化应用,为土木工程建设做出了重要贡献。获国家技术发明奖二等奖1项,国家科技进步奖二等奖4项。获首届国家卓越工程师团队奖、全国创新争先奖、全国五一劳动奖章等荣誉。发表论文200余篇。主/参编标准或规程22项。授权中国发明专利90余件、国际专利14件。电子信箱:liujiaping@cnjsjk.cn。
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刘加平(共同第一作者),东南大学首席教授,中国工程院院士,现代土木工程材料专家。重大基础设施工程材料全国重点实验室主任,中国工程建设标准化协会副理事长,中国混凝土与水泥制品协会副会长,美国混凝土学会(ACI)中国分会副会长,全国混凝土标准化技术委员会副主任委员等。突破了收缩裂缝控制的国际难题,引领了超高性能混凝土的工程化应用,为土木工程建设做出了重要贡献。获国家技术发明奖二等奖1项,国家科技进步奖二等奖4项。获首届国家卓越工程师团队奖、全国创新争先奖、全国五一劳动奖章等荣誉。发表论文200余篇。主/参编标准或规程22项。授权中国发明专利90余件、国际专利14件。电子信箱:liujiaping@cnjsjk.cn。
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肖建庄,教授,博士研究生导师。广西大学副校长,同济大学特聘教授和长聘教授。国家杰出青年科学基金获得者,国家重点研发计划首席科学家,德国洪堡学者,教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划入选者。中国土木工程学会绿色建造与运维分会副理事长兼秘书长,中国城市科学研究会可持续土木工程研究专业委员会副主任委员兼秘书长,平陆运河优质工程专家组成员。主要从事再生混凝土材料、结构与3D打印以及混凝土结构减碳设计等基础理论研究、关键技术研发和产业化应用创新。获德国洪堡研究奖、中国产学研合作创新人物奖。获国家科技进步奖二等奖1项、省部级(含社会力量奖)一等奖5项。发表论文400余篇,连续11年入选Elsevier中国高被引学者榜单,连续6年入选World’s Top 2% Scientists榜单。出版专著7部。授权发明专利66件,登记国家软件著作47件。主/参编技术标准40余项。电子信箱:jzxiao@gxu.edu.cn,jzx@tongji.edu.cn。
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肖建庄,教授,博士研究生导师。广西大学副校长,同济大学特聘教授和长聘教授。国家杰出青年科学基金获得者,国家重点研发计划首席科学家,德国洪堡学者,教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划入选者。中国土木工程学会绿色建造与运维分会副理事长兼秘书长,中国城市科学研究会可持续土木工程研究专业委员会副主任委员兼秘书长,平陆运河优质工程专家组成员。主要从事再生混凝土材料、结构与3D打印以及混凝土结构减碳设计等基础理论研究、关键技术研发和产业化应用创新。获德国洪堡研究奖、中国产学研合作创新人物奖。获国家科技进步奖二等奖1项、省部级(含社会力量奖)一等奖5项。发表论文400余篇,连续11年入选Elsevier中国高被引学者榜单,连续6年入选World’s Top 2% Scientists榜单。出版专著7部。授权发明专利66件,登记国家软件著作47件。主/参编技术标准40余项。电子信箱:jzxiao@gxu.edu.cn,jzx@tongji.edu.cn。
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College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114971883081786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, companyId=1242114971870498872, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.同济大学土木工程学院,上海 200092)]), AuthorCompany(id=1242114971962773564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114971971162173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, companyId=1242114971962773564, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. China State Construction Technical Center, China State Construction Engineering Corporation Ltd., Beijing 100084, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114971979550782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, companyId=1242114971962773564, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中国建筑集团有限公司中国建筑技术中心,北京 100084)]), AuthorCompany(id=1242114972029882434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114972034076739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, companyId=1242114972029882434, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. Key Laboratory of Navigation Structures, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114972042465348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, companyId=1242114972029882434, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.南京水利科学研究院通航建筑物建设技术交通行业重点实验室,南京 210029)]), AuthorCompany(id=1242114972126351430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114972134740039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, companyId=1242114972126351430, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114972143128648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, companyId=1242114972126351430, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.东南大学材料科学与工程学院,南京 211189)]), AuthorCompany(id=1242114972185071689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114972193460298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, companyId=1242114972185071689, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5. School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114972197654603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, companyId=1242114972185071689, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5.广西大学土木建筑工程学院,南宁 530004)]), AuthorCompany(id=1242114972256374861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114972264763470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, companyId=1242114972256374861, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=6. School of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114972268957776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, companyId=1242114972256374861, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=6.清华大学土木水利学院,北京 100084)]), AuthorCompany(id=1242114972327678032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114972336066642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, companyId=1242114972327678032, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=7. Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114972340260947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, companyId=1242114972327678032, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=7.中国环境科学研究院,北京 100012)]), AuthorCompany(id=1242114972411564116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114972419952725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, companyId=1242114972411564116, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=8. China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114972424147030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, companyId=1242114972411564116, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=8.中国水利水电科学研究院,北京 100038)]), AuthorCompany(id=1242114972487061592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114972495450201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, companyId=1242114972487061592, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=9. 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Schematic diagram of the distribution of national canal project planning, figureFileSmall=zjgQ64QtgJBXCZNWhlPrSg==, figureFileBig=HQWACiSGIpddXQFuof/IoQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242114979378303184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
国家运河工程规划分布示意图, figureFileSmall=zjgQ64QtgJBXCZNWhlPrSg==, figureFileBig=HQWACiSGIpddXQFuof/IoQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242114979462189265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=
Proportion of waterways above level of kt at home and abroad and proportion of inland waterway freight volume in the total freight volume, figureFileSmall=aUVJA68P3EUCv0fy9N8PMA==, figureFileBig=RNRz+H5TlAtt/iatg6a79g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242114979516715218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
国内外kt级以上航道占比及内河货运量在货运总量中的占比, figureFileSmall=aUVJA68P3EUCv0fy9N8PMA==, figureFileBig=RNRz+H5TlAtt/iatg6a79g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242114979579629779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Cost and pollution emission ratio of the three main modes of transportation: highway, railway, and water transportation
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 指标 | 公路∶铁路∶水运 |
| 单位货运量能耗 | 11.4∶1.2∶1.0 |
| 运输成本 | 12.0∶5.0∶1.0 |
| 二氧化碳排量 | 13.1∶1.7∶1.0 |
| 氮氧化物排量 | 6.4∶1.4∶1.0 |
), ArticleFig(id=1242114979634155732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
公路、铁路、水运3种主要运输方式的成本及污染排放量比值
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 指标 | 公路∶铁路∶水运 |
| 单位货运量能耗 | 11.4∶1.2∶1.0 |
| 运输成本 | 12.0∶5.0∶1.0 |
| 二氧化碳排量 | 13.1∶1.7∶1.0 |
| 氮氧化物排量 | 6.4∶1.4∶1.0 |
), ArticleFig(id=1242114979701264597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
The changes in canal engineering construction during different development periods
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 发展时期 | 代表性运河 | 主要功能 | 建造材料 | 建造方式 | 运维管养 |
古代运河 (18世纪以前) | 灵渠 京杭大运河 巴比伦运河 | 漕运,饮水,灌溉 | 木材,石材,夯土 | 人力工具 | 人工疏浚 |
近代运河 (18—20世纪) | 伊利运河 苏伊士运河 巴拿马运河 | 航运,灌溉,军事 | 铸铁,砖块,钢筋混凝土 | 蒸汽动力设备,燃油动力设备 | 人工巡检,定期维护 |
现代运河 (21世纪) | 平陆运河 | 集航运、防洪、供水、灌溉、生态、旅游等多功能于一体 | 低水化热混凝土,高性能混凝土,合金材料,高分子材料,生态低碳材料 | 燃油动力装备,电气动力装备,大型自动化机械,信息化平台 | 智能巡检,智慧管养 |
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不同发展时期运河工程建设的变迁
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 发展时期 | 代表性运河 | 主要功能 | 建造材料 | 建造方式 | 运维管养 |
古代运河 (18世纪以前) | 灵渠 京杭大运河 巴比伦运河 | 漕运,饮水,灌溉 | 木材,石材,夯土 | 人力工具 | 人工疏浚 |
近代运河 (18—20世纪) | 伊利运河 苏伊士运河 巴拿马运河 | 航运,灌溉,军事 | 铸铁,砖块,钢筋混凝土 | 蒸汽动力设备,燃油动力设备 | 人工巡检,定期维护 |
现代运河 (21世纪) | 平陆运河 | 集航运、防洪、供水、灌溉、生态、旅游等多功能于一体 | 低水化热混凝土,高性能混凝土,合金材料,高分子材料,生态低碳材料 | 燃油动力装备,电气动力装备,大型自动化机械,信息化平台 | 智能巡检,智慧管养 |
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