Article(id=1157393072830206131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, issueId=1157393070754025641, articleNumber=null, orderNo=2, doi=10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2024.01.001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1695052800000, receivedDateStr=2023-09-19, revisedDate=1705334400000, revisedDateStr=2024-01-16, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753873611885, onlineDateStr=2025-07-30, pubDate=1710864000000, pubDateStr=2024-03-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1711468800000, onlineIssueDateStr=2024-03-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753873611885, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774072529935, updator=sys-migrate, issue=Issue{id=1157393070754025641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, year='2024', volume='3', issue='1', pageStart='100', pageEnd='147', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=1, createTime=1753873611366, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1776075110816, updator=13041195026, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1250512908678017028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, issueId=1157393070754025641, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=Science and Technology Foresight, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1250512908682211333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, issueId=1157393070754025641, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=月球及火星等地外行星科考基地建设探索专刊, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=9, endPage=21, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1157393075103518910, articleId=1157393072830206131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, language=EN, title=Development Prospect of
In-Situ Resource Utilization Activities in Lunar Research Stations, columnId=1149656489310208610, journalTitle=Science and Technology Foresight, columnName=Review and Commentary, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Since the beginning of the 21st century, lunar exploration activities have gradually evolved from “understanding” to “understanding & utilization”. This paper analyzes the international development trends in lunar resource utilization. In the field of in-situ lunar resource utilization, spacefaring nations like the United States have not yet established an absolute leadership position. From the perspective of supporting the sustainable construction and efficient operation of lunar research stations, this paper gives the modes of in-situ resource utilization activities, such as energy acquisition and utilization, mineral extraction and conversion, and lunar base construction and operation, and it classifies high-value utilization methods. The paper summarizes the key scientific and technological challenges of in-situ lunar resource utilization, outlines short-term, mid-term, and long-term development goals for lunar resource utilization, and presents relevant strategic recommendations. The research findings in this paper can provide valuable references for the demonstration of national initiatives and the implementation of specific innovation research in various disciplines.
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†
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进入21世纪以来，人类探月活动已从认识逐渐转为认识与利用并重阶段。文章分析了月球资源利用的国际发展态势，在月球原位资源利用领域，美国等航天强国暂未形成绝对引领地位。从支撑月球科研站可持续构建与高效益运营等角度出发，给出了能源获取与利用、矿物开采与转化、月基建造与运维等原位资源利用活动模式，以及高价值利用方法分类；阐述了月球原位资源利用的关键科学和技术问题；展望了月球资源利用的近-中-远期发展目标并提出了相关对策建议。文章的研究成果，可为国家任务立项论证以及各学科方向开展针对性创新研究提供参考。
, correspAuthors=裴照宇, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
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 |
裴照宇，研究员。“嫦娥八号”任务总设计师。曾任探月工程二期副总设计师、探月工程三期副总设计师。长期从事探月工程的规划论证、总体设计、系统协调和组织实施工作。主持了“国际月球科研站”国际大科学工程培育项目等重大课题。获全国五一劳动奖章、国家科技进步奖一等奖。电子信箱：peizhaoyu@cnsa.gov.cn。 |
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裴照宇，研究员。“嫦娥八号”任务总设计师。曾任探月工程二期副总设计师、探月工程三期副总设计师。长期从事探月工程的规划论证、总体设计、系统协调和组织实施工作。主持了“国际月球科研站”国际大科学工程培育项目等重大课题。获全国五一劳动奖章、国家科技进步奖一等奖。电子信箱：peizhaoyu@cnsa.gov.cn。
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裴照宇，研究员。“嫦娥八号”任务总设计师。曾任探月工程二期副总设计师、探月工程三期副总设计师。长期从事探月工程的规划论证、总体设计、系统协调和组织实施工作。主持了“国际月球科研站”国际大科学工程培育项目等重大课题。获全国五一劳动奖章、国家科技进步奖一等奖。电子信箱：peizhaoyu@cnsa.gov.cn。
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330(6003): 463-468., articleTitle=Detection of water in the LCROSS ejecta Plume, refAbstract=Several remote observations have indicated that water ice may be presented in permanently shadowed craters of the Moon. The Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS) mission was designed to provide direct evidence. On 9 October 2009, a spent Centaur rocket struck the persistently shadowed region within the lunar south pole crater Cabeus, ejecting debris, dust, and vapor. This material was observed by a second "shepherding" spacecraft, which carried nine instruments, including cameras, spectrometers, and a radiometer. Near-infrared absorbance attributed to water vapor and ice and ultraviolet emissions attributable to hydroxyl radicals support the presence of water in the debris. The maximum total water vapor and water ice within the instrument field of view was 155 ± 12 kilograms. Given the estimated total excavated mass of regolith that reached sunlight, and hence was observable, the concentration of water ice in the regolith at the LCROSS impact site is estimated to be 5.6 ± 2.9% by mass. In addition to water, spectral bands of a number of other volatile compounds were observed, including light hydrocarbons, sulfur-bearing species, and carbon dioxide.), Reference(id=1242113492480753669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1157393072830206131, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=24, authorNames=Brown H M, Boyd A K, Denevi B W, journalName=Icarus, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
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182: 1-12., articleTitle=Regolith as substitute mold material for aluminum casting on the Moon, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113492652720140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1157393072830206131, doi=10.1016/j.actaastro.2018.06.063, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=152, issue=null, pageStart=800, pageEnd=810, url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0094576518303874, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=26, authorNames=Meurisse A, Makaya A, Willsch C, journalName=Acta Astronautica, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
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34(5): 1-6. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Research on manned lunar base construction scheme, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1242113488932373477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1157393072830206131, awardId=2020YFE0202100, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划(2020YFE0202100), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1242113483546887088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1157393072830206131, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242113483555275697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1157393072830206131, companyId=1242113483546887088, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Lunar Exploration and Space Engineering Center, China National Space Administration, Beijing 100048, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242113483584635826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1157393072830206131, companyId=1242113483546887088, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.国家航天局探月与航天工程中心，北京 100048)]), AuthorCompany(id=1242113483668521907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1157393072830206131, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242113483681104820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1157393072830206131, companyId=1242113483668521907, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242113483693687733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1157393072830206131, companyId=1242113483668521907, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.哈尔滨工业大学机电工程学院，哈尔滨 150001)]), AuthorCompany(id=1242113483785962422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1157393072830206131, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242113483823711159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1157393072830206131, companyId=1242113483785962422, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242113483853071288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1157393072830206131, companyId=1242113483785962422, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.中国科学院国家空间科学中心，北京 100190)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1242113488227730395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1157393072830206131, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Classification of typical lunar resource utilization activities
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 类别 | 资源利用活动 | 高价值利用方法与用途 |
| 能源获取与利用 | 太阳能获取 | 光伏发电：合理架设光伏发电装置并实时调控指向，为资源利用载荷提供必要的电能； |
| 光热转换：通过投射或反射式聚焦方式，将太阳能直接转换为热能，为月壤熔融成形、矿物冶炼等提供高效率热能 |
| 月壤蓄能取能 | 蓄能储能：在月昼期间利用太阳能为月壤结构物等实施储能，在月夜期间提供热能； |
| 地热能利用：利用月壤恒温层特性，通过主动挖掘坑道或利用自然岩熔管等方式，实施温差发电、地热能利用等方式，为资源利用载荷过月夜提供热能 |
| 矿物开采与转化 | 典型矿物开采 | 月壤水冰：面向极区永久阴影区内的表面霜冻层和剖面冰两类资源，利用就位提纯式开采、直接开采离位提取等方式，获得月球上的自然水资源，为生保物质制备、推进剂制备、冶炼中间剂制备提供初级原料； |
| 钛铁矿：通过就位勘查载荷甄选并采集高品位钛铁矿，为月壤制氧、金属冶炼、氦-3提取提供高品位初级原料； |
| 氦-3：通过热提取、破壁提取等方式，从钛铁矿月壤原料中提取氦-3气体，经分馏提纯后实施加压存储，运回地球或在月面上开展后续能源化利用 |
| 生保物资制备 | 饮用水：以永久阴影区中提取的水物质为主要原料，经分馏提纯、去毒处理后转化为航天员可直接饮用的液态水； |
| 氧气：以永久阴影区中提取的水物质为主要原料，经电解、分馏提纯、去毒处理后转化为航天员可直接呼吸用的氧气 |
| 推进剂制备 | 液氢：以永久阴影区中提取的水物质为主要原料，经电解后分馏提纯，加压液态化收集存储，为相关探测器发动机提供液氢推进剂； |
| 液氧：以永久阴影区中提取的水物质为主要原料，经电解后分馏提纯，加压液态化收集存储，为相关探测器发动机提供液氧推进剂 |
| 功能材料制备 | 月壤催化材料：以月壤为基础原料，通过资源勘查载荷的甄选和资源利用载荷的分选、处置，将月壤原料转化为可供水氢氧电解、分馏提纯等所需的月壤基高效催化剂； |
| 月壤改性材料：以月壤为基础原料，辅以人体排泄物、生物质原料等物质，通过温热生化等时效作用，制备出可供生命科学实验、月基植物栽培试验等所需的月壤培养基改性材料 |
| 金属材料制备 | 金属冶炼：以现场采集的月壤为原料，利用月面的真空、低重力等有利条件，通过高温冶炼、物质提纯等方式，获得钛、铁、铝等金属材料，为后续的月基制造提供原料 |
| 非金属材料制备 | 非金属冶炼：以现场采集的月壤为原料，通过特定的载荷和制备工艺，获得单晶硅、透明玻璃、月壤纤维等材料 |
| 月基建造与运维 | 月基制造 | 零件素材：利用原位获得的金属和非金属材料，以及工程废弃物拆解件，通过增材、减材或等材制备工艺，在轨定制亟需的特种零件； |
| 功能部件：通过在轨组装、在轨监测等方式，通过机器人作业，将在轨制备的零件、工程废弃物拆解件等组装为功能部件 |
| 月基建造 | 月壤成型：利用3D打印、压力黏结成型、切割成型等手段，将月壤/月岩赋型赋性，为月基建造活动提供定制化基础构件； |
| 地基整备：通过铲掘、压实、烧结熔融、摊铺和组装砌筑等方式，构建科研站运载装备所需的道路、发射场地基和载荷支撑平台等设施 |
| 功能建筑物构建：通过连续3D打印、砌块组装和充气展开与月壤填充复合等方式，构建月基建筑，为月基装备和载人舱等提供安全屏蔽所（防陨石撞击、防热和防辐照等） |
| 循环利用 | 工程废弃物：以月基退役装备、部分失效部组件和残余推进剂等为资源对象，利用拆解再制造、废料再利用等方式，实现月基工程废弃物的资源化循环利用； |
| 人体排泄物：以航天员呼吸气体、汗液/尿液、粪便等排泄物为资源对象，优先开展水物质、二氧化碳的资源化再利用。除此之外，将人体排泄物与月壤物质相耦合，利用特种理化工艺，实施月壤的生物学改性，为月基生命科学和植物栽培等提供培养基原料 |
| 智能作业 | 自主智能：通过机器人月基自主智能、地面支持与服务等方式，实现月基矿物原料详查、开采、分选和利用的在轨操控与效能评价； |
| 人机协同：通过月基人机协同的手段，高效率开展科研站模式下资源利用任务模式规划、高效高可靠运营 |
), ArticleFig(id=1242113488311616476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1157393072830206131, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
典型原位资源利用活动分类
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 类别 | 资源利用活动 | 高价值利用方法与用途 |
| 能源获取与利用 | 太阳能获取 | 光伏发电：合理架设光伏发电装置并实时调控指向，为资源利用载荷提供必要的电能； |
| 光热转换：通过投射或反射式聚焦方式，将太阳能直接转换为热能，为月壤熔融成形、矿物冶炼等提供高效率热能 |
| 月壤蓄能取能 | 蓄能储能：在月昼期间利用太阳能为月壤结构物等实施储能，在月夜期间提供热能； |
| 地热能利用：利用月壤恒温层特性，通过主动挖掘坑道或利用自然岩熔管等方式，实施温差发电、地热能利用等方式，为资源利用载荷过月夜提供热能 |
| 矿物开采与转化 | 典型矿物开采 | 月壤水冰：面向极区永久阴影区内的表面霜冻层和剖面冰两类资源，利用就位提纯式开采、直接开采离位提取等方式，获得月球上的自然水资源，为生保物质制备、推进剂制备、冶炼中间剂制备提供初级原料； |
| 钛铁矿：通过就位勘查载荷甄选并采集高品位钛铁矿，为月壤制氧、金属冶炼、氦-3提取提供高品位初级原料； |
| 氦-3：通过热提取、破壁提取等方式，从钛铁矿月壤原料中提取氦-3气体，经分馏提纯后实施加压存储，运回地球或在月面上开展后续能源化利用 |
| 生保物资制备 | 饮用水：以永久阴影区中提取的水物质为主要原料，经分馏提纯、去毒处理后转化为航天员可直接饮用的液态水； |
| 氧气：以永久阴影区中提取的水物质为主要原料，经电解、分馏提纯、去毒处理后转化为航天员可直接呼吸用的氧气 |
| 推进剂制备 | 液氢：以永久阴影区中提取的水物质为主要原料，经电解后分馏提纯，加压液态化收集存储，为相关探测器发动机提供液氢推进剂； |
| 液氧：以永久阴影区中提取的水物质为主要原料，经电解后分馏提纯，加压液态化收集存储，为相关探测器发动机提供液氧推进剂 |
| 功能材料制备 | 月壤催化材料：以月壤为基础原料，通过资源勘查载荷的甄选和资源利用载荷的分选、处置，将月壤原料转化为可供水氢氧电解、分馏提纯等所需的月壤基高效催化剂； |
| 月壤改性材料：以月壤为基础原料，辅以人体排泄物、生物质原料等物质，通过温热生化等时效作用，制备出可供生命科学实验、月基植物栽培试验等所需的月壤培养基改性材料 |
| 金属材料制备 | 金属冶炼：以现场采集的月壤为原料，利用月面的真空、低重力等有利条件，通过高温冶炼、物质提纯等方式，获得钛、铁、铝等金属材料，为后续的月基制造提供原料 |
| 非金属材料制备 | 非金属冶炼：以现场采集的月壤为原料，通过特定的载荷和制备工艺，获得单晶硅、透明玻璃、月壤纤维等材料 |
| 月基建造与运维 | 月基制造 | 零件素材：利用原位获得的金属和非金属材料，以及工程废弃物拆解件，通过增材、减材或等材制备工艺，在轨定制亟需的特种零件； |
| 功能部件：通过在轨组装、在轨监测等方式，通过机器人作业，将在轨制备的零件、工程废弃物拆解件等组装为功能部件 |
| 月基建造 | 月壤成型：利用3D打印、压力黏结成型、切割成型等手段，将月壤/月岩赋型赋性，为月基建造活动提供定制化基础构件； |
| 地基整备：通过铲掘、压实、烧结熔融、摊铺和组装砌筑等方式，构建科研站运载装备所需的道路、发射场地基和载荷支撑平台等设施 |
| 功能建筑物构建：通过连续3D打印、砌块组装和充气展开与月壤填充复合等方式，构建月基建筑，为月基装备和载人舱等提供安全屏蔽所（防陨石撞击、防热和防辐照等） |
| 循环利用 | 工程废弃物：以月基退役装备、部分失效部组件和残余推进剂等为资源对象，利用拆解再制造、废料再利用等方式，实现月基工程废弃物的资源化循环利用； |
| 人体排泄物：以航天员呼吸气体、汗液/尿液、粪便等排泄物为资源对象，优先开展水物质、二氧化碳的资源化再利用。除此之外，将人体排泄物与月壤物质相耦合，利用特种理化工艺，实施月壤的生物学改性，为月基生命科学和植物栽培等提供培养基原料 |
| 智能作业 | 自主智能：通过机器人月基自主智能、地面支持与服务等方式，实现月基矿物原料详查、开采、分选和利用的在轨操控与效能评价； |
| 人机协同：通过月基人机协同的手段，高效率开展科研站模式下资源利用任务模式规划、高效高可靠运营 |
), ArticleFig(id=1242113488378725341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1157393072830206131, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Concept of short-term development goals for lunar resource utilization （Phase A： 2020-2035）
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 类别 | 建设内容及指标 | 拟达目标 |
（A-1）
既定任务的成果挖潜和品质提升 | 面向中国的“CE-4/6/7/8”、科研站基本型、俄罗斯的“Luna-26/27/28”，以及ILRS初期任务，开展以下成果挖潜和品质提升工作；
数据收集与挖潜：收集“CE-4/6/7/8”的着陆探测数据，开展数据关联和解译，提取极区/月球背面资源赋存依据数据库和关键特性参数谱，为后续的资源利用提供参考数据；
极区水物质和矿物资源采样详查数据融合：利用“CE-7/8”和“Luna-27/28”的采样详查数据，进行数据关联，形成极区水物质和矿物资源详查证据链；
月背资源分布数据融合：收集并利用“CE-4/6”的巡视勘查、着陆探测和返回样品证据，形成月背矿物资源详查证据链；
国际协作生态圈的构建与拓展：通过国际大科学工程资源利用模块的建设与实施，推进探测器/资源利用载荷的出资共建与成果共享，形成国际伙伴陆续加入的合作态势 | 2035年前，达到以下目标：
既定任务成果实现共享和相互赋能；
月基资源利用依据更为充分，目标特性可支撑任务规划；
月球资源利用国际协作生态圈雏形构建完成 |
（A-2）
资源利用能力体系建设 | 面向月球资源利用创新发展和国际引领需求，以基础研究和资源利用勘查/利用载荷研发条件建设为抓手，构建具有世界一流水准的研发平台，并面向国际、国内开放使用；
月球资源利用国际研发平台建设：面向月球科研站模式下的月球资源利用创新发展需求，通过国内/国际目标共商、体系共建和成果共享的原则，在全国构建布局合理的资源利用基础科研设施群，形成具有世界一流水准的月球资源利用国际研发平台，推动实现国内重点领域创新团队的体系化和网点化布局以及研究条件的整体跃迁；
月球资源利用核心技术体系攻关：面向月球科研站高起点建设和可持续发展需求，高起点布局开展资源利用顶层战略规划、运营模式、体系架构、实施方案和关键技术体系等攻关工作，为中国科研站创新和可持续发展提供坚实的技术支撑；
国内/国际研发团队的培育与共建：完成中国月球ISRU顶层战略规划；在全国网点式布局并培育人才队伍；由中国发起并牵头，面向世界构建地外资源勘查与利用学术生态圈 | 中国的月球资源利用基础研发条件处于国际领先水平；
资源利用国际创新研发平台建成并投入使用；
月球资源利用国际协作生态圈更趋完善和稳固，形成重大任务规划共商、任务共建、成果共享格局 |
（A-3）
科研站建设及月球资源利用月基验证 | “CE-8”资源利用载荷研制与验证：开展月壤成型与拼装等新技术月基验证，为后续大规模资源利用载荷研发提供第一手验证证据和优化改进方向；
月球科研站基本型数据关联及任务模式拓展：在“CE-8”发射并完成月球资源利用试验后，归纳“CE-7”和“CE-8”月基运行数据和成果，提炼出后续大规模月球资源利用体系构建和方案创新的方法；
ILRS近期（2035年前）任务体系/体系架构/工程实施方案论证与优化：构建国际合作共同体，协同论证国际月球科研站建设方案，实现出资共建、成果共享国际合作新格局，初步展现中国在月球探测领域的国际领导力 | 完成科研站既定建站任务；
月基原位能源获取、月基制氧、3D打印和水冰开采等新技术得到验证；
ILRS初期任务以国际合作模式开展 |
), ArticleFig(id=1242113488483582942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1157393072830206131, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
月球资源利用近期发展目标构想（A阶段：2020—2035年）
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 类别 | 建设内容及指标 | 拟达目标 |
（A-1）
既定任务的成果挖潜和品质提升 | 面向中国的“CE-4/6/7/8”、科研站基本型、俄罗斯的“Luna-26/27/28”，以及ILRS初期任务，开展以下成果挖潜和品质提升工作；
数据收集与挖潜：收集“CE-4/6/7/8”的着陆探测数据，开展数据关联和解译，提取极区/月球背面资源赋存依据数据库和关键特性参数谱，为后续的资源利用提供参考数据；
极区水物质和矿物资源采样详查数据融合：利用“CE-7/8”和“Luna-27/28”的采样详查数据，进行数据关联，形成极区水物质和矿物资源详查证据链；
月背资源分布数据融合：收集并利用“CE-4/6”的巡视勘查、着陆探测和返回样品证据，形成月背矿物资源详查证据链；
国际协作生态圈的构建与拓展：通过国际大科学工程资源利用模块的建设与实施，推进探测器/资源利用载荷的出资共建与成果共享，形成国际伙伴陆续加入的合作态势 | 2035年前，达到以下目标：
既定任务成果实现共享和相互赋能；
月基资源利用依据更为充分，目标特性可支撑任务规划；
月球资源利用国际协作生态圈雏形构建完成 |
（A-2）
资源利用能力体系建设 | 面向月球资源利用创新发展和国际引领需求，以基础研究和资源利用勘查/利用载荷研发条件建设为抓手，构建具有世界一流水准的研发平台，并面向国际、国内开放使用；
月球资源利用国际研发平台建设：面向月球科研站模式下的月球资源利用创新发展需求，通过国内/国际目标共商、体系共建和成果共享的原则，在全国构建布局合理的资源利用基础科研设施群，形成具有世界一流水准的月球资源利用国际研发平台，推动实现国内重点领域创新团队的体系化和网点化布局以及研究条件的整体跃迁；
月球资源利用核心技术体系攻关：面向月球科研站高起点建设和可持续发展需求，高起点布局开展资源利用顶层战略规划、运营模式、体系架构、实施方案和关键技术体系等攻关工作，为中国科研站创新和可持续发展提供坚实的技术支撑；
国内/国际研发团队的培育与共建：完成中国月球ISRU顶层战略规划；在全国网点式布局并培育人才队伍；由中国发起并牵头，面向世界构建地外资源勘查与利用学术生态圈 | 中国的月球资源利用基础研发条件处于国际领先水平；
资源利用国际创新研发平台建成并投入使用；
月球资源利用国际协作生态圈更趋完善和稳固，形成重大任务规划共商、任务共建、成果共享格局 |
（A-3）
科研站建设及月球资源利用月基验证 | “CE-8”资源利用载荷研制与验证：开展月壤成型与拼装等新技术月基验证，为后续大规模资源利用载荷研发提供第一手验证证据和优化改进方向；
月球科研站基本型数据关联及任务模式拓展：在“CE-8”发射并完成月球资源利用试验后，归纳“CE-7”和“CE-8”月基运行数据和成果，提炼出后续大规模月球资源利用体系构建和方案创新的方法；
ILRS近期（2035年前）任务体系/体系架构/工程实施方案论证与优化：构建国际合作共同体，协同论证国际月球科研站建设方案，实现出资共建、成果共享国际合作新格局，初步展现中国在月球探测领域的国际领导力 | 完成科研站既定建站任务；
月基原位能源获取、月基制氧、3D打印和水冰开采等新技术得到验证；
ILRS初期任务以国际合作模式开展 |
), ArticleFig(id=1242113488571663327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1157393072830206131, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Concept of middle-term development goals for lunar resource utilization （Phase B： 2035-2045）
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 类别 | 建设内容及指标 | 拟达目标 |
（B-1）
资源利用载荷群研制与基站投放 | 面向大规模能源获取、大规模物资开采和大体量月基建造等功能需求，以国内自主和国际合作复合模式研制资源勘查、资源利用和月基建造载荷产品，产品的水平达到国际领先水平；
按任务时序编排分次集群发送载荷，单次任务资源利用载荷投送能力不少于500 kg；
在科研站区域内以机器人自主作业形式完成载荷的布设与月基联调联试，形成月基规模化资源利用能力体系 | 2045年前，达到以下目标：
月基资源利用大科学工程建成并开放运营。生保物资制造、金属基零部件制造、月基建造得到全面验证；
月基有人/无人探测模式深度融合 |
（B-2）
月基资源利用开放运营 | 开展月基制氧、水/氢/氧/挥发分提取与转化、矿物资源采集与利用、金属基零部件生产和月基建筑物建造等工程应用试验；
在科研站体系保障下开展能源、物质、建造这3条主线“点-线-面”结合/耦合应用模式拓展试验，形成“月基资源利用载荷群”规模化应用模式与在轨应用方案矩阵，构建形成月基资源利用开放应用平台 |
（B-3）
月基人机协同验证 | 月球科研站具备的智能装备群、月基生保物资供给能力，为载人登月提供物资和生存条件保障；
实现长期无人自主运行、短期有人参与的月球科研站人机协同模式验证。有人、无人月球探测活动深度融合，为后续的火星等深空探测模式提供经验 | 月球科研站成为全世界月球探测活动开展的主要依托平台。出资共建、有偿搭载得到经济回报；
月基科学探测能力实现跨代发展；
启动火星科研站先导验证任务 |
（B-4）
国际共建与合作 | 大比例获得国际共建资金，有偿搭载资源利用、新技术验证及其他商业载荷并获得显著经济回报；
国际合作生态圈进一步加强，中国的领导力进一步增强 |
（B-5）
月球资源利用科学与技术 | 实现月基资源利用能力体系建设，并开展试运营；
依托科研站体系的系统资源，构建广域千公里量级、纵深百米量级的月基资源勘查能力体系，将人类月球探测水平提上新高度，月基科学探测能力得到跨代发展 |
（B-6）
火星科研站先导任务实施 | 在月球科研站建设与试运行期间，及时归纳提炼成果，择机启动火星科研站先导任务，为后续的火星科研站工程实施奠定先验基础 |
), ArticleFig(id=1242113488647160800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1157393072830206131, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
月球资源利用中期发展目标（B阶段：2035—2045年）
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 类别 | 建设内容及指标 | 拟达目标 |
（B-1）
资源利用载荷群研制与基站投放 | 面向大规模能源获取、大规模物资开采和大体量月基建造等功能需求，以国内自主和国际合作复合模式研制资源勘查、资源利用和月基建造载荷产品，产品的水平达到国际领先水平；
按任务时序编排分次集群发送载荷，单次任务资源利用载荷投送能力不少于500 kg；
在科研站区域内以机器人自主作业形式完成载荷的布设与月基联调联试，形成月基规模化资源利用能力体系 | 2045年前，达到以下目标：
月基资源利用大科学工程建成并开放运营。生保物资制造、金属基零部件制造、月基建造得到全面验证；
月基有人/无人探测模式深度融合 |
（B-2）
月基资源利用开放运营 | 开展月基制氧、水/氢/氧/挥发分提取与转化、矿物资源采集与利用、金属基零部件生产和月基建筑物建造等工程应用试验；
在科研站体系保障下开展能源、物质、建造这3条主线“点-线-面”结合/耦合应用模式拓展试验，形成“月基资源利用载荷群”规模化应用模式与在轨应用方案矩阵，构建形成月基资源利用开放应用平台 |
（B-3）
月基人机协同验证 | 月球科研站具备的智能装备群、月基生保物资供给能力，为载人登月提供物资和生存条件保障；
实现长期无人自主运行、短期有人参与的月球科研站人机协同模式验证。有人、无人月球探测活动深度融合，为后续的火星等深空探测模式提供经验 | 月球科研站成为全世界月球探测活动开展的主要依托平台。出资共建、有偿搭载得到经济回报；
月基科学探测能力实现跨代发展；
启动火星科研站先导验证任务 |
（B-4）
国际共建与合作 | 大比例获得国际共建资金，有偿搭载资源利用、新技术验证及其他商业载荷并获得显著经济回报；
国际合作生态圈进一步加强，中国的领导力进一步增强 |
（B-5）
月球资源利用科学与技术 | 实现月基资源利用能力体系建设，并开展试运营；
依托科研站体系的系统资源，构建广域千公里量级、纵深百米量级的月基资源勘查能力体系，将人类月球探测水平提上新高度，月基科学探测能力得到跨代发展 |
（B-6）
火星科研站先导任务实施 | 在月球科研站建设与试运行期间，及时归纳提炼成果，择机启动火星科研站先导任务，为后续的火星科研站工程实施奠定先验基础 |
), ArticleFig(id=1242113488710075361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1157393072830206131, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=
Concept of long-term development goals for lunar resource utilization （Phase C： 2045 and beyond）
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 类别 | 建设内容及指标 | 拟达目标 |
（C-1）
大规模资源利用 | 月基原位能源获取，达到1 000 kW水平；
水/氧气等生保物资每地球天产能达到100 kg量级；
可利用增减材复合方式制造功能级零部件；
能利用机器人实现功能零部件的组装及月基装备的自主维修；
能建造月球工厂、实验室等100 m2量级大尺度建筑物；
实现氢/氧液体推进剂的月基自主生产，支撑月基发射 | 2050年前，达到以下目标：
科研站月基运维达到80%自给自足；为载人活动提供100%生保物资；
月球科研站实现全球多点布局；
中国的月球科研站达到盈亏平衡点，中国整体迈向航天经济新时代；
中国成为人类深空探测活动的引领者，组织国际力量开启火星科研站建设新征程 |
（C-2）
科研站自主运维与功能站扩建 | 月基资源采集与利用，能为科研站提供100%能源自给，部分物资和功能器件实现月基自给；
能为10人组载人登月提供100%的氧气和水；
通过地面投送与月基建造的复合方式，在月球上网点式构建水冰开采站、月壤制氧站和功能器件制造站等，形成“1主站+X分站”的网点式月球科研站完备构型 |
（C-3）
地月空间经济圈赋 能效应 | 月球科研站的主站扩建、分站拓建，将得到50%以上国际投资；
商业载荷搭载、新技术验证和月球文旅等经济活动达到盈亏平衡点，为中国地月空间经济圈建设提供月面依托场景和平台赋能效应；
中国成为人类深空探测活动的引领者 |
（C-4）
火星资源利用拓展 | 由中国主导，提出并实施“国际火星科研站”大科学工程，将月球科研站构建与运营的优秀模式与经验，延展至火星；
面向人类命运共同体需求的深空探测、深空资源利用事业，迈入新时代 |
), ArticleFig(id=1242113488777184226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1157393072830206131, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
月球资源利用远期发展目标（C阶段：2045年及以后）
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 类别 | 建设内容及指标 | 拟达目标 |
（C-1）
大规模资源利用 | 月基原位能源获取，达到1 000 kW水平；
水/氧气等生保物资每地球天产能达到100 kg量级；
可利用增减材复合方式制造功能级零部件；
能利用机器人实现功能零部件的组装及月基装备的自主维修；
能建造月球工厂、实验室等100 m2量级大尺度建筑物；
实现氢/氧液体推进剂的月基自主生产，支撑月基发射 | 2050年前，达到以下目标：
科研站月基运维达到80%自给自足；为载人活动提供100%生保物资；
月球科研站实现全球多点布局；
中国的月球科研站达到盈亏平衡点，中国整体迈向航天经济新时代；
中国成为人类深空探测活动的引领者，组织国际力量开启火星科研站建设新征程 |
（C-2）
科研站自主运维与功能站扩建 | 月基资源采集与利用，能为科研站提供100%能源自给，部分物资和功能器件实现月基自给；
能为10人组载人登月提供100%的氧气和水；
通过地面投送与月基建造的复合方式，在月球上网点式构建水冰开采站、月壤制氧站和功能器件制造站等，形成“1主站+X分站”的网点式月球科研站完备构型 |
（C-3）
地月空间经济圈赋 能效应 | 月球科研站的主站扩建、分站拓建，将得到50%以上国际投资；
商业载荷搭载、新技术验证和月球文旅等经济活动达到盈亏平衡点，为中国地月空间经济圈建设提供月面依托场景和平台赋能效应；
中国成为人类深空探测活动的引领者 |
（C-4）
火星资源利用拓展 | 由中国主导，提出并实施“国际火星科研站”大科学工程，将月球科研站构建与运营的优秀模式与经验，延展至火星；
面向人类命运共同体需求的深空探测、深空资源利用事业，迈入新时代 |
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