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As the global issue of climate change becomes increasingly severe, the role of hydrogen energy as a clean energy source is becoming more pronounced. This article analyzed the hydrogen energy development strategies in different countries and regions such as the United States, the European Union, Germany, Spain, France, Italy, Japan, and the Republic of Korea to clarify their respective characteristics. It also discussed key issues present in international hydrogen energy cooperation. On this basis, the article identified the potential and challenges of international hydrogen energy trade, explored possible models and prospects for hydrogen energy technology cooperation, and examined the potential impact of geopolitical factors on hydrogen energy cooperation. Furthermore, this article drew from international experiences to provide insights for China in formulating hydrogen energy development policies and strategies and proposed specific policy recommendations for promoting the healthy and efficient development of China’s hydrogen energy industry and strengthening international cooperation. Finally, the article concluded that international cooperation in the field of hydrogen energy is of great significance for addressing climate change and driving energy transition, and it emphasized the importance of deepening international cooperation and providing references for the construction of China’s hydrogen energy strategies.
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随着全球气候变化问题的日益严峻，氢能作为一种清洁能源的地位愈发凸显。文章通过分析美国、欧盟、德国、西班牙、法国、意大利、日本、韩国等国家和地区的氢能发展战略，厘清各自特点，并对国际氢能合作中存在的关键问题进行探讨。在此基础上，指出国际氢能贸易发展的潜力与挑战，分析与展望氢能科技合作的可能模式，并对地缘政治对氢能合作的潜在影响进行剖析。文章进一步从国际经验出发，为中国制定氢能发展政策及战略提供启示，提出具体政策建议，旨在促进中国氢能产业健康、高效发展，加强国际合作；总结氢能领域的国际合作对应对气候变化、推动能源转型具有重要意义，而构建完善的产业链和积极开拓国际市场则是中国氢能发展的关键路径。
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 |
孟翔宇，高级工程师，副研究员。中国能源研究会能源系统工程专业委员会委员，中国能源研究会氢能专业委员会委员，中国环境科学学会碳排放交易专业委员会首届委员，中国电池工业学会燃料电池专业委员会委员，国际民航组织“航空气候行动组（ACT）”低碳专业委员会委员。广东省环境科学学会低碳专业委员会委员，深圳市环境科学学会专家委员会委员。《天然气工业》青年编委。主要从事“双碳”目标及政策、区域低碳发展规划与战略、应对气候变化政策研究，以及氢能发展战略、规划与政策等研究。电子信箱：mengxy@tsinghua-dg.org。 |
 |
邬新国，正高级经济师。2023年国家标准《管理咨询服务指南 项目管理》起草人。2024年入选中国科协“科创中国”技术经理人先锋榜。获2022年广东省企业“创新达人”称号。主要从事管理科学与工程及项目管理等。电子信箱：wuxg@tsinghua-dg.org。 |
 |
毛宗强，教授，博士研究生导师。国际氢能经济和燃料电池伙伴计划（IPHE）氢能教育专家，国际氢能协会（IAHE）副主席，中国国际投资促进会首席绿色创新专家。国际电化学能源科学院（IAOEES）董事会成员，北京未来科学城氢能技术协同创新平台专家。全国氢能标准技术委员会、中国能源研究会燃料电池专业委员会顾问，中华全国工商业联合会新能源商会主任科学家，中华环保联合会汽车新能源（氢）技术应用专业委员会（CHCEP）专家组长等。《太阳能学报》副主编，《太阳能》副主编，《国际氢能杂志》（IJHE）客座编辑。主要从事氢能及燃料电池技术、氢能政策与战略、标准等研究。电子信箱：maozq@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn。 |
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孟翔宇，高级工程师，副研究员。中国能源研究会能源系统工程专业委员会委员，中国能源研究会氢能专业委员会委员，中国环境科学学会碳排放交易专业委员会首届委员，中国电池工业学会燃料电池专业委员会委员，国际民航组织“航空气候行动组（ACT）”低碳专业委员会委员。广东省环境科学学会低碳专业委员会委员，深圳市环境科学学会专家委员会委员。《天然气工业》青年编委。主要从事“双碳”目标及政策、区域低碳发展规划与战略、应对气候变化政策研究，以及氢能发展战略、规划与政策等研究。电子信箱：mengxy@tsinghua-dg.org。
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孟翔宇，高级工程师，副研究员。中国能源研究会能源系统工程专业委员会委员，中国能源研究会氢能专业委员会委员，中国环境科学学会碳排放交易专业委员会首届委员，中国电池工业学会燃料电池专业委员会委员，国际民航组织“航空气候行动组（ACT）”低碳专业委员会委员。广东省环境科学学会低碳专业委员会委员，深圳市环境科学学会专家委员会委员。《天然气工业》青年编委。主要从事“双碳”目标及政策、区域低碳发展规划与战略、应对气候变化政策研究，以及氢能发展战略、规划与政策等研究。电子信箱：mengxy@tsinghua-dg.org。
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邬新国，正高级经济师。2023年国家标准《管理咨询服务指南 项目管理》起草人。2024年入选中国科协“科创中国”技术经理人先锋榜。获2022年广东省企业“创新达人”称号。主要从事管理科学与工程及项目管理等。电子信箱：wuxg@tsinghua-dg.org。
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邬新国，正高级经济师。2023年国家标准《管理咨询服务指南 项目管理》起草人。2024年入选中国科协“科创中国”技术经理人先锋榜。获2022年广东省企业“创新达人”称号。主要从事管理科学与工程及项目管理等。电子信箱：wuxg@tsinghua-dg.org。
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2, address=2. Institute of Energy, Environment and Economy, Beijing 100084, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1242113875533959556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1157002943527474002, authorId=1242113873973678464, language=CN, stringName=周剑, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
2, address=2.清华大学能源环境经济研究所，北京 100084, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1242113872497283416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1157002943527474002, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242113872501477721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1157002943527474002, companyId=1242113872497283416, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Institute of Energy, Environment and Economy, Beijing 100084, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242113872509866330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1157002943527474002, companyId=1242113872497283416, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.清华大学能源环境经济研究所，北京 100084)])]), Author(id=1242113875601068422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1157002943527474002, orderNo=7, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=maozq@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1242113875672371593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1157002943527474002, authorId=1242113875601068422, language=EN, stringName=Zongqiang MAO, firstName=Zongqiang, middleName=null, lastName=MAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
3, †, address=3. Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1242113875756257674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1157002943527474002, authorId=1242113875601068422, language=CN, stringName=毛宗强, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
3, †, address=3.清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院，北京 100084, bio={"img":"/nOzfnXJg9qpJ7fRBdLttQ==","content":"
毛宗强，教授，博士研究生导师。国际氢能经济和燃料电池伙伴计划（IPHE）氢能教育专家，国际氢能协会（IAHE）副主席，中国国际投资促进会首席绿色创新专家。国际电化学能源科学院（IAOEES）董事会成员，北京未来科学城氢能技术协同创新平台专家。全国氢能标准技术委员会、中国能源研究会燃料电池专业委员会顾问，中华全国工商业联合会新能源商会主任科学家，中华环保联合会汽车新能源（氢）技术应用专业委员会（CHCEP）专家组长等。《太阳能学报》副主编，《太阳能》副主编，《国际氢能杂志》（IJHE）客座编辑。主要从事氢能及燃料电池技术、氢能政策与战略、标准等研究。电子信箱：maozq@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn。
"}, bioImg=/nOzfnXJg9qpJ7fRBdLttQ==, bioContent=
毛宗强，教授，博士研究生导师。国际氢能经济和燃料电池伙伴计划（IPHE）氢能教育专家，国际氢能协会（IAHE）副主席，中国国际投资促进会首席绿色创新专家。国际电化学能源科学院（IAOEES）董事会成员，北京未来科学城氢能技术协同创新平台专家。全国氢能标准技术委员会、中国能源研究会燃料电池专业委员会顾问，中华全国工商业联合会新能源商会主任科学家，中华环保联合会汽车新能源（氢）技术应用专业委员会（CHCEP）专家组长等。《太阳能学报》副主编，《太阳能》副主编，《国际氢能杂志》（IJHE）客座编辑。主要从事氢能及燃料电池技术、氢能政策与战略、标准等研究。电子信箱：maozq@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn。
, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1242113872597946716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1157002943527474002, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242113872606335325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1157002943527474002, companyId=1242113872597946716, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242113872614723934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1157002943527474002, companyId=1242113872597946716, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院，北京 100084)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1242113875894669707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1157002943527474002, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=hydrogen energy), Keyword(id=1242113875961778572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1157002943527474002, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=international cooperation), Keyword(id=1242113876024693133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1157002943527474002, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=development strategy), Keyword(id=1242113876087607694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1157002943527474002, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=policy recommendation), Keyword(id=1242113876150522255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1157002943527474002, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=氢能), Keyword(id=1242113876213436816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1157002943527474002, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=国际合作), Keyword(id=1242113876276351377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1157002943527474002, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=发展战略), Keyword(id=1242113876335071634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1157002943527474002, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=政策建议)], refs=[Reference(id=1242113876574146964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1157002943527474002, doi=10.15978/j.cnki.1673-5668.202202001, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=17, issue=2, pageStart=1, pageEnd=12, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=陈秋阳, 陈云伟, journalName=科学观察, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈秋阳, 陈云伟. 国际氢能发展战略比较分析[J].
科学观察,
2022,
17(2): 1-12., articleTitle=国际氢能发展战略比较分析, refAbstract=[目的/意义]氢能在世界减排战略布局中的地位日益凸显,日本、美国、欧洲等发达国家纷纷制定氢能发展政策,积极探索氢能制造、储存、运输以及应用全产业链的技术路线。我国也已将氢能作为“双碳”战略的重要选项之一。[方法/过程] 该文将世界氢能强国日本、美国、欧洲以及中国的氢能政策进行对比分析,并以incopat数据库为专利数据来源、WOS核心数据库为论文数据来源,利用关键词和IPC专利分类号组合构建检索式,从氢能的产、储、运全链路探究不同国家地区近10年技术研究变化趋势。[结果/结论] 中国氢能发明专利数量全球领先,但基于专利被引频次的专利总体质量、专利研发合作与转化方面还存在不足。基于政策、技术层面的对比分析结果,结合我国实际,为我国氢能战略布局提出重视氢能源全产业链知识产权保护与创新、构建氢能源多元化商业应用模式、完善专项规划与政策体系等三点建议。), Reference(id=1242113876632867221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1157002943527474002, doi=10.15978/j.cnki.1673-5668.202202001, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=17, issue=2, pageStart=1, pageEnd=12, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=Chen Q Y, Chen Y W, journalName=Science Focus, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Chen Q Y,
Chen Y W. Comparative analysis of international hydrogen energy development strategies[J]
Science Focus,
2022,
17(2): 1-12. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Comparative analysis of international hydrogen energy development strategies, refAbstract=
[Objective/Significance] Hydrogen energy plays an increasingly prominent role in the layout of the world's emission reduction strategy. Japan, the United States, Europe and other developed countries have formulated hydrogen energy development policies and actively explored the technical route of the whole industrial chain of hydrogen energy manufacturing, storage, transportation and application. China has also taken hydrogen energy as one of the important options of the "double carbon" strategy. [Method/Process] This paper compares and analyzes the hydrogen energy policies of Japan, the United States, Europe and China, the world's hydrogen energy powerhouse, and uses the Incopat database as the source of patent data and the WOS core database as the source of paper data, and constructs a search formula using a combination of keywords and IPC patent classification numbers to explore the trends of technological research in different countries and regions in the last decade from the whole chain of hydrogen energy production, storage and transportation. [Results/Conclusions] Bibliometric analysis shows that China leads the world in the number of hydrogen invention patents, but there are still deficiencies in the overall quality of patents, patent R & D cooperation and transformation based on the frequency of patent citation. Based on the comparative analysis results of policy and technology, combined with China's reality, this paper puts forward three suggestions for China's hydrogen energy strategic layout, such as paying attention to the protection and innovation of intellectual property rights in the whole hydrogen energy industry chain, building a diversified commercial application mode of hydrogen energy, and improving the special planning and policy system.
), Reference(id=1242113876708364694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1157002943527474002, doi=10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0132, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=11, issue=10, pageStart=3401, pageEnd=3410, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=万燕鸣, 熊亚林, 王雪颖, journalName=储能科学与技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=万燕鸣, 熊亚林, 王雪颖. 全球主要国家氢能发展战略分析[J].
储能科学与技术,
2022,
11(10): 3401-3410., articleTitle=全球主要国家氢能发展战略分析, refAbstract=全球氢能已进入产业化快速发展新阶段，欧美日韩等20多个主要经济体已将发展氢能提升到国家战略层面，相继制定发展规划、路线图以及相关扶持政策，加快产业化发展进程。本文分析总结了日本、德国、韩国、美国、澳大利亚等国家氢能发展战略，提炼了深度脱碳、保障能源安全和实现经济增长3个发展氢能核心驱动力；基于碳中和目标成为国际共识以及全球地缘政治的扰动分析了氢能发展定位、氢源结构过渡、多元应用场景、产业发展阶段4个方面的趋势。主要国家统筹考虑资源禀赋、技术和产业基础、市场需求等多方面因素，因地制宜推动氢能技术攻关与产业化发展，对我国氢能产业高质量具有重要参考价值。本文从加强国家层面氢能战略引导、加大关键核心技术攻关力度和加速多元化场景示范应用3个方面提出了贯彻落实《氢能产业发展中长期发展规划(2021—2035年)》的建议。), Reference(id=1242113876788056471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1157002943527474002, doi=10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0132, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=11, issue=10, pageStart=3401, pageEnd=3410, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=3, authorNames=Wan Y M, Xiong Y L, Wang X Y, journalName=Energy Storage Science and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
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Energy Storage Science and Technology,
2022,
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The global hydrogen energy industry has entered a new era of rapid industrialization. More than 20 major economies, such as Europe, the United States, Japan, and South Korea, have elevated the development of hydrogen energy to the national strategic level and have successively formulated development plans, roadmaps, and related support policies to accelerate industrialization. This paper analyzes and summarizes the hydrogen development strategies of Japan, Germany, South Korea, the United States, and Australia and refines the three core driving forces for hydrogen development: deep decarbonization, ensuring energy security, and achieving economic growth. The trends of hydrogen development orientation, hydrogen source structure transition, hydrogen application scenarios, and industrial development stages are obtained based on the international consensus on the goal of carbon neutrality and the disruption of global geopolitics. Major countries consider overall resource endowment, technology and industrial base, market demand, and other factors, and promote hydrogen technology research and industrialization development using local conditions, which has important reference value for China's high quality hydrogen industry. This paper proposes three approaches to implementing the "Medium and Long-Term Development Plan for Hydrogen Energy Industry Development (2021-2035)": strengthening national level hydrogen energy strategy guidance; increasing key core technology research efforts; and accelerating the demonstration and application of diverse scenarios.
), Reference(id=1242113876850971032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1157002943527474002, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=33, issue=2, pageStart=81, pageEnd=91, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=4, authorNames=张乾志, 王文涛, 陈文颖, journalName=中国人口·资源与环境, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张乾志, 王文涛, 陈文颖. 欧盟及英国能源与气候政策及启示[J].
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