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Advanced structural ceramics possess excellent properties such as high-temperature resistance and play an irreplaceable and important role in national defence and economic development. Brittleness is the main bottleneck restricting the development of ceramic materials. The emergence of plastic ceramics brings new hope for overcoming the brittleness of ceramics, which has important scientific significance and application value. In recent years, Chinese scholars have made breakthrough progress in the field of plastic ceramics, sparking a worldwide upsurge in the study of plastic ceramics. China should seize this chance, develop a timely layout, and promote the basic and applied research of plastic ceramics, so as to take a leading position in global science and technology competition of this field and provide strong support for meeting major needs such as aircraft engines.

, correspAuthors=Kexin CHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Kexin CHEN, Guanghua LIU, Jie ZHANG, Yiyao GE), CN=ArticleExt(id=1148708277468327979, articleId=1148708271067820823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, language=CN, title=塑性陶瓷研究进展及发展建议, columnId=1148708266483446458, journalTitle=前瞻科技, columnName=综述与述评, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

先进结构陶瓷具有耐高温等优异性能，在国防和国民经济建设中发挥着不可替代的重要作用。脆性是制约陶瓷材料发展的主要瓶颈，塑性陶瓷的出现为克服陶瓷脆性带来新的希望，具有重要的科学意义和应用价值。近年来，中国学者率先在塑性陶瓷研究中取得突破，在世界范围内掀起塑性陶瓷研究热潮。中国应充分抓住先发优势，及时布局，大力推进塑性陶瓷基础与应用研究，在该领域的全球科技竞争中占据领先地位，为满足航空发动机等重大需求提供有力支撑。

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陈克新，研究员、博士研究生导师。甬江实验室先进结构陶瓷创新中心主任。中国硅酸盐学会副秘书长。主要从事先进结构陶瓷材料的微观结构调控及应用性能优化研究，包括室温塑性陶瓷的制备与塑性机制研究、高品质陶瓷精细粉体的可控合成等。入选国家百千万人才工程，被授予“有突出贡献中青年专家”荣誉称号，享受国务院政府特殊津贴。获云南省自然科学奖、深圳市技术发明奖等奖项。出版专著5部，发表论文200多篇，授权发明专利30余件。电子信箱：kxchen@ustb.edu.cn。

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陈克新，研究员、博士研究生导师。甬江实验室先进结构陶瓷创新中心主任。中国硅酸盐学会副秘书长。主要从事先进结构陶瓷材料的微观结构调控及应用性能优化研究，包括室温塑性陶瓷的制备与塑性机制研究、高品质陶瓷精细粉体的可控合成等。入选国家百千万人才工程，被授予“有突出贡献中青年专家”荣誉称号，享受国务院政府特殊津贴。获云南省自然科学奖、深圳市技术发明奖等奖项。出版专著5部，发表论文200多篇，授权发明专利30余件。电子信箱：kxchen@ustb.edu.cn。

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Nature, 1997, 389(6646): 49-52., articleTitle=A ductile ceramic eutectic composite with high strength at 1 873 K, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114126567244738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708271067820823, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2001, volume=413, issue=6853, pageStart=288, pageEnd=291, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=Kim B N, Hiraga K, Morita K, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kim B N, Hiraga K, Morita K, et al. A high-strain-rate superplastic ceramic[J]. Nature, 2001, 413(6853): 288-291., articleTitle=A high-strain-rate superplastic ceramic, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114126638547908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708271067820823, doi=10.1126/science.abq7490, pmid=36302007, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=378, issue=6618, pageStart=371, pageEnd=376, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=Zhang J, Liu G H, Cui W, journalName=Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang J, Liu G H, Cui W, et al. Plastic deformation in silicon nitride ceramics via bond switching at coherent interfaces[J]. Science, 2022, 378(6618): 371-376., articleTitle=Plastic deformation in silicon nitride ceramics via bond switching at coherent interfaces, refAbstract=Covalently bonded ceramics exhibit preeminent properties-including hardness, strength, chemical inertness, and resistance against heat and corrosion-yet their wider application is challenging because of their room-temperature brittleness. In contrast to the atoms in metals that can slide along slip planes to accommodate strains, the atoms in covalently bonded ceramics require bond breaking because of the strong and directional characteristics of covalent bonds. This eventually leads to catastrophic failure on loading. We present an approach for designing deformable covalently bonded silicon nitride (SiN) ceramics that feature a dual-phase structure with coherent interfaces. Successive bond switching is realized at the coherent interfaces, which facilitates a stress-induced phase transformation and, eventually, generates plastic deformability.), Reference(id=1242114126722433990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708271067820823, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=68, issue=2/3, pageStart=140, pageEnd=141, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=薛其坤, journalName=科学通报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=薛其坤. 陶瓷也能像金属一样塑性变形?[J]. 科学通报, 2023, 68(2/3):140-141., articleTitle=陶瓷也能像金属一样塑性变形, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114126806320074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708271067820823, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=68, issue=2/3, pageStart=140, pageEnd=141, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=11, authorNames=Xue Q K, journalName=Chinese Science Bulletin, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xue Q K. Can ceramics plastically deform like metals?[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2023, 68(2/3):140-141. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Can ceramics plastically deform like metals, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114126877623244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708271067820823, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=15, issue=1, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=12, authorNames=Tang Y, Wang H K, Ouyang X P, journalName=Nature Communications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tang Y, Wang H K, Ouyang X P, et al. Overcoming strength-ductility tradeoff with high pressure thermal treatment[J]. Nature Communications, 2024, 15(1): 3932, doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-48435-6., articleTitle=Overcoming strength-ductility tradeoff with high pressure thermal treatment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114126953120718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708271067820823, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=626, issue=8000, pageStart=779, pageEnd=784, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=13, authorNames=Wu Y J, Zhang Y, Wang X Y, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wu Y J, Zhang Y, Wang X Y, et al. Twisted-layer boron nitride ceramic with high deformability and strength[J]. Nature, 2024, 626(8000): 779-784., articleTitle=Twisted-layer boron nitride ceramic with high deformability and strength, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114127016035282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708271067820823, doi=10.1126/science.adp0559, pmid=39052815, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=385, issue=6707, pageStart=422, pageEnd=427, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=14, authorNames=Dong L R, Zhang J, Li Y Z, journalName=Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Dong L R, Zhang J, Li Y Z, et al. Borrowed dislocations for ductility in ceramics[J]. Science, 2024, 385(6707): 422-427., articleTitle=Borrowed dislocations for ductility in ceramics, refAbstract=The inherent brittleness of ceramics, primarily due to restricted atomic motions from rigid ionic or covalent bonded structures, is a persistent challenge. This characteristic hinders dislocation nucleation in ceramics, thereby impeding the enhancement of plasticity through a dislocation-engineering strategy commonly used in metals. Finding a strategy that continuously generates dislocations within ceramics may enhance plasticity. Here, we propose a "borrowing-dislocations" strategy that uses a tailored interfacial structure with well-ordered bonds. Such an approach enables ceramics to have greatly improved tensile ductility by mobilizing a considerable number of dislocations in ceramic borrowed from metal through the interface, thereby overcoming the challenge associated with direct dislocation nucleation within ceramics. This strategy provides a way to enhance tensile ductility in ceramics.), Reference(id=1242114127099921364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708271067820823, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=15, issue=1, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=15, authorNames=Aoki Y, Masuda H, Tochigi E, journalName=Nature Communications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Aoki Y, Masuda H, Tochigi E, et al. Overcoming the intrinsic brittleness of high-strength Al₂O₃-GdAlO₃ ceramics through refined eutectic microstructure[J]. Nature Communications, 2024, 15(1): 8700, doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-53026-6., articleTitle=Overcoming the intrinsic brittleness of high-strength Al₂O₃-GdAlO₃ ceramics through refined eutectic microstructure, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114127188001750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708271067820823, doi=10.1038/s41563-018-0047-z, pmid=29632407, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=17, issue=5, pageStart=421, pageEnd=426, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=16, authorNames=Shi X, Chen H Y, Hao F, journalName=Nature Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shi X, Chen H Y, Hao F, et al. Room-temperature ductile inorganic semiconductor[J]. Nature Materials, 2018, 17(5): 421-426., articleTitle=Room-temperature ductile inorganic semiconductor, refAbstract=Ductility is common in metals and metal-based alloys, but is rarely observed in inorganic semiconductors and ceramic insulators. In particular, room-temperature ductile inorganic semiconductors were not known until now. Here, we report an inorganic alpha-Ag2S semiconductor that exhibits extraordinary metal-like ductility with high plastic deformation strains at room temperature. Analysis of the chemical bonding reveals systems of planes with relatively weak atomic interactions in the crystal structure. In combination with irregularly distributed silver-silver and sulfur-silver bonds due to the silver diffusion, they suppress the cleavage of the material, and thus result in unprecedented ductility. This work opens up the possibility of searching for ductile inorganic semiconductors/ceramics for flexible electronic devices.), Reference(id=1242114127250916313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708271067820823, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=369, issue=6503, pageStart=542, pageEnd=545, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=17, authorNames=Wei T R, Jin M, Wang Y C, journalName=Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wei T R, Jin M, Wang Y C, et al. Exceptional plasticity in the bulk single-crystalline van der Waals semiconductor InSe[J]. Science, 2020, 369(6503): 542-545., articleTitle=Exceptional plasticity in the bulk single-crystalline van der Waals semiconductor InSe, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114127330608091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708271067820823, doi=10.1126/science.abq0682, pmid=35981042, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=377, issue=6608, pageStart=854, pageEnd=858, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=18, authorNames=Yang Q Y, Yang S Q, Qiu P F, journalName=Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang Q Y, Yang S Q, Qiu P F, et al. Flexible thermoelectrics based on ductile semiconductors[J]. Science, 2022, 377(6608): 854-858., articleTitle=Flexible thermoelectrics based on ductile semiconductors, refAbstract=Flexible thermoelectrics provide a different solution for developing portable and sustainable flexible power supplies. The discovery of silver sulfide-based ductile semiconductors has driven a shift in the potential for flexible thermoelectrics, but the lack of good p-type ductile thermoelectric materials has restricted the reality of fabricating conventional cross-plane π-shaped flexible devices. We report a series of high-performance p-type ductile thermoelectric materials based on the composition-performance phase diagram in AgCu(Se,S,Te) pseudoternary solid solutions, with high figure-of-merit values (0.45 at 300 kelvin and 0.68 at 340 kelvin) compared with other flexible thermoelectric materials. We further demonstrate thin and flexible π-shaped devices with a maximum normalized power density that reaches 30 μW cm K. This output is promising for the use of flexible thermoelectrics in wearable electronics.), Reference(id=1242114127397716958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708271067820823, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=8, issue=3, pageStart=622, pageEnd=634, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=19, authorNames=Qiu P F, Deng T T, Chen L D, journalName=Joule, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Qiu P F, Deng T T, Chen L D, et al. Plastic inorganic thermoelectric materials[J]. Joule, 2024, 8(3): 622-634., articleTitle=Plastic inorganic thermoelectric materials, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114127481603041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708271067820823, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=386, issue=6726, pageStart=1112, pageEnd=1117, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=20, authorNames=Deng T T, Gao Z Q, Li Z, journalName=Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Deng T T, Gao Z Q, Li Z, et al. Room-temperature exceptional plasticity in defective Bi₂Te₃-based bulk thermoelectric crystals[J]. Science, 2024, 386(6726): 1112-1117., articleTitle=Room-temperature exceptional plasticity in defective Bi₂Te₃-based bulk thermoelectric crystals, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114127557100515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708271067820823, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=631, issue=8022, pageStart=777, pageEnd=782, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=21, authorNames=Zhao P, Xue W H, Zhang Y, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao P, Xue W H, Zhang Y, et al. Plasticity in single-crystalline Mg₃Bi₂ thermoelectric material[J]. Nature, 2024, 631(8022): 777-782., articleTitle=Plasticity in single-crystalline Mg₃Bi₂ thermoelectric material, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1242114124361040804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708271067820823, awardId=52425204, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(52425204), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1242114124428149669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708271067820823, awardId=YESS20230148, language=CN, fundingSource=中国科协青年人才托举工程(YESS20230148), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1242114121949315943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708271067820823, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114121957704552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708271067820823, companyId=1242114121949315943, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. National Key Laboratory of New Metal Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114121961898857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708271067820823, companyId=1242114121949315943, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.北京科技大学新金属材料全国重点实验室，北京 100083)]), AuthorCompany(id=1242114122016424810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708271067820823, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114122024813419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708271067820823, companyId=1242114122016424810, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Advanced Ceramics and Structures Center, Yongjiang Laboratory, Ningbo 315201, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114122033202028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708271067820823, companyId=1242114122016424810, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.甬江实验室先进结构陶瓷创新中心，宁波 315201)]), AuthorCompany(id=1242114122117088109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708271067820823, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114122125476718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708271067820823, companyId=1242114122117088109, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. State Key Laboratory of New Ceramic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114122150642543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708271067820823, companyId=1242114122117088109, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.清华大学材料学院，新型陶瓷材料全国重点实验室，北京 100084)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1242114123681563542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708271067820823, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Microstructure and compressive properties of plastic silicon nitride ceramics at room temperature, figureFileSmall=CYAYygMPk71/9jt8AKchJg==, figureFileBig=T8jG1MTuCLWOm+KRHxnHGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242114123744478104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708271067820823, language=CN, label=图1, caption=塑性氮化硅陶瓷的显微结构与室温压缩性能

ε为应变；0、18%、21%、32%为共格界面在全部界面中所占比例。

, figureFileSmall=CYAYygMPk71/9jt8AKchJg==, figureFileBig=T8jG1MTuCLWOm+KRHxnHGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242114123912250268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708271067820823, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Microstructure and compressive properties of plastic boron nitride ceramics at room temperature, figureFileSmall=sumeIUwvUrRgUSr80C5gnA==, figureFileBig=lfFrXoeCcDWdosH17WhIAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242114123979359135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708271067820823, language=CN, label=图2, caption=塑性氮化硼陶瓷的显微结构和室温压缩性能, figureFileSmall=sumeIUwvUrRgUSr80C5gnA==, figureFileBig=lfFrXoeCcDWdosH17WhIAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242114124050662304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708271067820823, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Microstructure and tensile properties of dislocation-borrowed lanthanum oxide ceramics at room temperature, figureFileSmall=RHAjE44qm7DXZkWa9aGh1Q==, figureFileBig=TQRhKsmZidLRKAWUXawAAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242114124130354081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708271067820823, language=CN, label=图3, caption=借位错氧化镧陶瓷的显微结构和室温拉伸性能, figureFileSmall=RHAjE44qm7DXZkWa9aGh1Q==, figureFileBig=TQRhKsmZidLRKAWUXawAAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242114124193268642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708271067820823, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Inorganic thermoelectric materials with plasticity, figureFileSmall=9Qniz4CoPIgtX8SzTq8/MA==, figureFileBig=O05EHplkaxls/VQM+N5OLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242114124251988899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708271067820823, language=CN, label=图4, caption=塑性无机热电材料

YSZ：Yttria-stabilized Zirconia，氧化钇稳定氧化锆；14.19%、39.4%为塑性应变。

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