Article(id=1148708267259392700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, issueId=1148708265585865399, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2025.01.015, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1734883200000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-23, revisedDate=1740672000000, revisedDateStr=2025-02-28, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1751802992882, onlineDateStr=2025-07-06, pubDate=1742400000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1743004800000, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-03-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751802992882, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774072692079, updator=sys-migrate, issue=Issue{id=1148708265585865399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, year='2025', volume='4', issue='1', pageStart='100', pageEnd='167', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=1, createTime=1751802992481, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1776075019034, updator=13041195026, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1250512523708023313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, issueId=1148708265585865399, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1250512523708023314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, issueId=1148708265585865399, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=新材料前沿：技术创新与未来展望专刊, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=147, endPage=159, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149664177888870578, articleId=1148708267259392700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, language=EN, title=Frontier Advances and Trends of Functional Polymer Hydrogels, columnId=1149656489310208610, journalTitle=Science and Technology Foresight, columnName=Review and Commentary, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Polymer hydrogels are a class of materials composed of hydrophilic networks and water, with excellent soft and wet properties. With the development of intelligent materials research, functional polymer hydrogels with light, temperature, and electrical responsiveness have made breakthrough progress. They provide innovative solutions for precision medicine (such as smart drug delivery and tissue engineering), intelligent agriculture (such as water molecule regulation and pollutant adsorption), and the development of interactive pad devices. However, their practical application is still limited by key challenges such as insufficient mechanical strength and low functional integration. However, current hydrogels still face challenges such as poor mechanical properties and single function. This paper reviewed the latest research results of functional hydrogels and discussed the direction of their optimization and multifunctionality, which is expected to provide innovative technological solutions for the fields of precision medicine, environmental protection, and smart materials in the future and promote the rapid development of the related fields.

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高分子水凝胶是由亲水三维网络和水分子构成的功能材料，具有独特的“软、湿”特性。随着智能材料研究的发展，具有光、温度、电响应特性的功能高分子水凝胶取得突破性进展，为精准医疗（如智能药物递送、组织工程）、智能农业（如水分调控、污染物吸附）和交互式电子器件开发提供了创新解决方案，但其实际应用仍面临机械强度不足、功能集成度低等关键挑战。文章综述了功能水凝胶的最新研究成果，并探讨了其优化和多功能化的方向，未来有望为精准医疗、环境保护和智能材料等领域提供创新的技术解决方案，推动相关领域的快速发展。

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孙雨，博士研究生。主要从事功能与智能高分子水凝胶的性能调控及其在防伪领域应用研究。电子信箱：sunyu1@nimte.ac.cn。

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孙雨，博士研究生。主要从事功能与智能高分子水凝胶的性能调控及其在防伪领域应用研究。电子信箱：sunyu1@nimte.ac.cn。

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陈涛，研究员，博士研究生导师。英国皇家化学会会士。主要从事仿生智能高分子材料研究。主持国家重点研发计划、国家自然科学基金、中国科学院前沿重点研发计划等项目。发表论文250余篇。电子信箱：tao.chen@nimte.ac.cn。

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陈涛，研究员，博士研究生导师。英国皇家化学会会士。主要从事仿生智能高分子材料研究。主持国家重点研发计划、国家自然科学基金、中国科学院前沿重点研发计划等项目。发表论文250余篇。电子信箱：tao.chen@nimte.ac.cn。

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We propose a damageless reinforcement strategy for hydrogels using strain-induced crystallization. For slide-ring gels in which polyethylene glycol chains are highly oriented and mutually exposed under large deformation, crystallinity forms and melts with elongation and retraction, resulting both in almost 100% rapid recovery of extension energy and excellent toughness of 6.6 to 22 megajoules per square meter, which is one order of magnitude larger than the toughness of covalently cross-linked homogeneous gels of polyethylene glycol.Copyright © 2021 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.), Reference(id=1242114214433718448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267259392700, doi=10.1038/s41563-023-01648-4, pmid=37604908, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=22, issue=10, pageStart=1253, pageEnd=1260, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=Bao B K, Zeng Q M, Li K, journalName=Nature Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bao B K, Zeng Q M, Li K, et al. Rapid fabrication of physically robust hydrogels[J]. Nature Materials, 2023, 22(10): 1253-1260., articleTitle=Rapid fabrication of physically robust hydrogels, refAbstract=Hydrogel materials show promise for diverse applications, particular as biocompatible materials due to their high water content. Despite advances in hydrogel technology in recent years, their application is often severely limited by inadequate mechanical properties and time-consuming fabrication processes. Here we report a rapid hydrogel preparation strategy that achieves the simultaneous photo-crosslinking and establishment of biomimetic soft-hard material interface microstructures. These biomimetic interfacial-bonding nanocomposite hydrogels are prepared within seconds and feature clearly separated phases but have a strongly bonded interface. Due to effective interphase load transfer, biomimetic interfacial-bonding nanocomposite gels achieve an ultrahigh toughness (138 MJ m) and exceptional tensile strength (15.31 MPa) while maintaining a structural stability that rivals or surpasses that of commonly used elastomer (non-hydrated) materials. Biomimetic interfacial-bonding nanocomposite gels can be fabricated into arbitrarily complex structures via three-dimensional printing with micrometre-level precision. Overall, this work presents a generalizable preparation strategy for hydrogel materials and acrylic elastomers that will foster potential advances in soft materials.© 2023. 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Nature Electronics, 2024, 7: 475-486., articleTitle=Laser-induced wet stability and adhesion of pure conducting polymer hydrogels, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114214572130482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267259392700, doi=10.1126/science.abn8699, pmid=35951702, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=377, issue=6607, pageStart=751, pageEnd=755, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=Ma Z W, Bourquard C, Gao Q M, journalName=Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ma Z W, Bourquard C, Gao Q M, et al. Controlled tough bioadhesion mediated by ultrasound[J]. Science, 2022, 377(6607): 751-755., articleTitle=Controlled tough bioadhesion mediated by ultrasound, refAbstract=Tough bioadhesion has important implications in engineering and medicine but remains challenging to form and control. We report an ultrasound (US)-mediated strategy to achieve tough bioadhesion with controllability and fatigue resistance. Without chemical reaction, the US can amplify the adhesion energy and interfacial fatigue threshold between hydrogels and porcine skin by up to 100 and 10 times. Combined experiments and theoretical modeling suggest that the key mechanism is US-induced cavitation, which propels and immobilizes anchoring primers into tissues with mitigated barrier effects. Our strategy achieves spatial patterning of tough bioadhesion, on-demand detachment, and transdermal drug delivery. This work expands the material repertoire for tough bioadhesion and enables bioadhesive technologies with high-level controllability.), Reference(id=1242114214635045043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267259392700, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=575, issue=7781, pageStart=169, pageEnd=174, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=Yuk H, Varela C E, Nabzdyk C S, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yuk H, Varela C E, Nabzdyk C S, et al. Dry double-sided tape for adhesion of wet tissues and devices[J]. Nature, 2019, 575(7781): 169-174., articleTitle=Dry double-sided tape for adhesion of wet tissues and devices, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114214697959604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267259392700, doi=10.1126/science.abo2542, pmid=35901155, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=377, issue=6605, pageStart=517, pageEnd=523, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=Wang C H, Chen X Y, Wang L, journalName=Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang C H, Chen X Y, Wang L, et al. Bioadhesive ultrasound for long-term continuous imaging of diverse organs[J]. Science, 2022, 377(6605): 517-523., articleTitle=Bioadhesive ultrasound for long-term continuous imaging of diverse organs, refAbstract=Continuous imaging of internal organs over days could provide crucial information about health and diseases and enable insights into developmental biology. We report a bioadhesive ultrasound (BAUS) device that consists of a thin and rigid ultrasound probe robustly adhered to the skin via a couplant made of a soft, tough, antidehydrating, and bioadhesive hydrogel-elastomer hybrid. The BAUS device provides 48 hours of continuous imaging of diverse internal organs, including blood vessels, muscle, heart, gastrointestinal tract, diaphragm, and lung. The BAUS device could enable diagnostic and monitoring tools for various diseases.), Reference(id=1242114214760874165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267259392700, doi=10.1038/nmat2915, pmid=21151166, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=10, issue=2, pageStart=149, pageEnd=156, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=Li P, Poon Y F, Li W F, journalName=Nature Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li P, Poon Y F, Li W F, et al. A polycationic antimicrobial and biocompatible hydrogel with microbe membrane suctioning ability[J]. Nature Materials, 2011, 10(2): 149-156., articleTitle=A polycationic antimicrobial and biocompatible hydrogel with microbe membrane suctioning ability, refAbstract=Despite advanced sterilization and aseptic techniques, infections associated with medical implants have not been eradicated. Most present coatings cannot simultaneously fulfil the requirements of antibacterial and antifungal activity as well as biocompatibility and reusability. Here, we report an antimicrobial hydrogel based on dimethyldecylammonium chitosan (with high quaternization)-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (DMDC-Q-g-EM) and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate, which has excellent antimicrobial efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Fusarium solani. The proposed mechanism of the antimicrobial activity of the polycationic hydrogel is by attraction of sections of anionic microbial membrane into the internal nanopores of the hydrogel, like an 'anion sponge', leading to microbial membrane disruption and then microbe death. We have also demonstrated a thin uniform adherent coating of the hydrogel by simple ultraviolet immobilization. An animal study shows that DMDC-Q-g-EM hydrogel coating is biocompatible with rabbit conjunctiva and has no toxicity to the epithelial cells or the underlying stroma.), Reference(id=1242114214823788726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267259392700, doi=10.1039/c8cs00128f, pmid=29697128, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=47, issue=18, pageStart=6917, pageEnd=6929, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=Hu B H, Owh C, Chee P L, journalName=Chemical Society Reviews, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hu B H, Owh C, Chee P L, et al. Supramolecular hydrogels for antimicrobial therapy[J]. Chemical Society Reviews, 2018, 47(18): 6917-6929., articleTitle=Supramolecular hydrogels for antimicrobial therapy, refAbstract=The emergence of drug-resistant microbes has become a threat to global health, and microbial infections severely limit the use of healthcare materials. To achieve efficient antimicrobial therapy, supramolecular hydrogels demonstrate unprecedented advantages in medical applications due to the tunable and reversible nature of their supramolecular interactions and the capability of hydrogels to incorporate various therapeutic agents. Herein, antimicrobial hydrogels are categorized according to their inherent antimicrobial properties or based on their roles in encapsulating antimicrobial materials. Moreover, strategies to further enhance the antimicrobial efficacy of hydrogels are highlighted, such as the incorporation of antifouling agents or the enabling of response towards physiological cues. We envision that supramolecular hydrogels, in combination with modern medical technology and devices, will contribute to the development of efficient and safe systems for antimicrobial therapy.), Reference(id=1242114214886703287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267259392700, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=618, issue=7966, pageStart=740, pageEnd=747, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=Fu L L, Li L, Bian Q Y, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Fu L L, Li L, Bian Q Y, et al. Cartilage-like protein hydrogels engineered via entanglement[J]. Nature, 2023, 618(7966): 740-747., articleTitle=Cartilage-like protein hydrogels engineered via entanglement, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114214945423544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267259392700, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=623, issue=7985, pageStart=58, pageEnd=65, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=Jin S B, Choi H, Seong D, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jin S B, Choi H, Seong D, et al. Injectable tissue prosthesis for instantaneous closed-loop rehabilitation[J]. Nature, 2023, 623(7985): 58-65., articleTitle=Injectable tissue prosthesis for instantaneous closed-loop rehabilitation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114215016726713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267259392700, doi=10.1038/s41563-023-01558-5, pmid=37217701, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=22, issue=6, pageStart=777, pageEnd=785, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=Günay K A, Chang T L, Skillin N P, journalName=Nature Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Günay K A, Chang T L, Skillin N P, et al. Photo-expansion microscopy enables super-resolution imaging of cells embedded in 3D hydrogels[J]. Nature Materials, 2023, 22(6): 777-785., articleTitle=Photo-expansion microscopy enables super-resolution imaging of cells embedded in 3D hydrogels, refAbstract=Hydrogels are extensively used as tunable, biomimetic three-dimensional cell culture matrices, but optically deep, high-resolution images are often difficult to obtain, limiting nanoscale quantification of cell-matrix interactions and outside-in signalling. Here we present photopolymerized hydrogels for expansion microscopy that enable optical clearance and tunable ×4.6-6.7 homogeneous expansion of not only monolayer cell cultures and tissue sections, but cells embedded within hydrogels. The photopolymerized hydrogels for expansion microscopy formulation relies on a rapid photoinitiated thiol/acrylate mixed-mode polymerization that is not inhibited by oxygen and decouples monomer diffusion from polymerization, which is particularly beneficial when expanding cells embedded within hydrogels. Using this technology, we visualize human mesenchymal stem cells and their interactions with nascently deposited proteins at <120 nm resolution when cultured in proteolytically degradable synthetic polyethylene glycol hydrogels. Results support the notion that focal adhesion maturation requires cellular fibronectin deposition; nuclear deformation precedes cellular spreading; and human mesenchymal stem cells display cell-surface metalloproteinases for matrix remodelling.© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.), Reference(id=1242114215088029882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267259392700, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=6, issue=53, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=Zhao Y S, Lo C Y, Ruan L C, journalName=Science Robotics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao Y S, Lo C Y, Ruan L C, et al. Somatosensory actuator based on stretchable conductive photothermally responsive hydrogel[J]. Science Robotics, 2021, 6(53): eabd5483, doi: 10.1126/scirobotics.abd5483., articleTitle=Somatosensory actuator based on stretchable conductive photothermally responsive hydrogel, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114215167721659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267259392700, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=31, issue=26, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=Li L, Scheiger J M, Levkin P A, journalName=Advanced Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li L, Scheiger J M, Levkin P A. Design and applications of photoresponsive hydrogels[J]. Advanced Materials, 2019, 31(26): e1807333, doi: 10.1002/adma.201807333., articleTitle=Design and applications of photoresponsive hydrogels, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114215230636220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267259392700, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=36, issue=14, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=Wu P, Xu C, Zou X H, journalName=Advanced Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wu P, Xu C, Zou X H, et al. Capacitive-coupling-responsive hydrogel scaffolds offering wireless in situ electrical stimulation promotes nerve regeneration[J]. Advanced Materials, 2024, 36(14): e2310483, doi: 10.1002/adma.202310483., articleTitle=Capacitive-coupling-responsive hydrogel scaffolds offering wireless in situ electrical stimulation promotes nerve regeneration, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114215293550781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267259392700, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=60, issue=7, pageStart=3640, pageEnd=3646, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=17, authorNames=Le X X, Shang H, Yan H Z, journalName=Angewandte Chemie, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Le X X, Shang H, Yan H Z, et al. A urease-containing fluorescent hydrogel for transient information storage[J]. Angewandte Chemie, 2021, 60(7): 3640-3646., articleTitle=A urease-containing fluorescent hydrogel for transient information storage, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114215369048254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267259392700, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=32, issue=11, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=18, authorNames=Li Z, Liu P C, Ji X F, journalName=Advanced Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li Z, Liu P C, Ji X F, et al. Bioinspired simultaneous changes in fluorescence color, brightness, and shape of hydrogels enabled by AIEgens[J]. Advanced Materials, 2020, 32(11): e1906493, doi: 10.1002/adma.201906493., articleTitle=Bioinspired simultaneous changes in fluorescence color, brightness, and shape of hydrogels enabled by AIEgens, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114215431962815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267259392700, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=29, issue=44, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=19, authorNames=Park J, Pramanick S, Park D, journalName=Advanced Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Park J, Pramanick S, Park D, et al. Therapeutic-gas-responsive hydrogel[J]. Advanced Materials, 2017, 29(44): 1702859, doi: 10.1002/adma.201702859., articleTitle=Therapeutic-gas-responsive hydrogel, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114215494877376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267259392700, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=4, issue=11, pageStart=2458, pageEnd=2474, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=20, authorNames=Zhou Y, Wang S C, Peng J Q, journalName=Joule, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhou Y, Wang S C, Peng J Q, et al. Liquid thermo-responsive smart window derived from hydrogel[J]. Joule, 2020, 4(11): 2458-2474., articleTitle=Liquid thermo-responsive smart window derived from hydrogel, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114215566180545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267259392700, doi=10.1038/s41563-024-01811-5, pmid=38413810, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=23, issue=9, pageStart=1292, pageEnd=1299, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=21, authorNames=Liu G W, Pickett M J, Kuosmanen J L P, journalName=Nature Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu G W, Pickett M J, Kuosmanen J L P, et al. Drinkable in situ-forming tough hydrogels for gastrointestinal therapeutics[J]. Nature Materials, 2024, 23(9): 1292-1299., articleTitle=Drinkable in situ-forming tough hydrogels for gastrointestinal therapeutics, refAbstract=Pills are a cornerstone of medicine but can be challenging to swallow. While liquid formulations are easier to ingest, they lack the capacity to localize therapeutics with excipients nor act as controlled release devices. Here we describe drug formulations based on liquid in situ-forming tough (LIFT) hydrogels that bridge the advantages of solid and liquid dosage forms. LIFT hydrogels form directly in the stomach through sequential ingestion of a crosslinker solution of calcium and dithiol crosslinkers, followed by a drug-containing polymer solution of alginate and four-arm poly(ethylene glycol)-maleimide. We show that LIFT hydrogels robustly form in the stomachs of live rats and pigs, and are mechanically tough, biocompatible and safely cleared after 24 h. LIFT hydrogels deliver a total drug dose comparable to unencapsulated drug in a controlled manner, and protect encapsulated therapeutic enzymes and bacteria from gastric acid-mediated deactivation. Overall, LIFT hydrogels may expand access to advanced therapeutics for patients with difficulty swallowing.© 2024. The Author(s).), Reference(id=1242114215629095106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267259392700, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=631, issue=8021, pageStart=544, pageEnd=548, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=22, authorNames=Bianco S, Hasan M, Ahmad A, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bianco S, Hasan M, Ahmad A, et al. Mechanical release of homogenous proteins from supramolecular gels[J]. Nature, 2024, 631(8021): 544-548., articleTitle=Mechanical release of homogenous proteins from supramolecular gels, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114215692009667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267259392700, doi=10.1038/s41563-023-01472-w, pmid=36941391, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=22, issue=7, pageStart=818, pageEnd=831, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=23, authorNames=Zhong R B, Talebian S, Mendes B B, journalName=Nature Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhong R B, Talebian S, Mendes B B, et al. Hydrogels for RNA delivery[J]. Nature Materials, 2023, 22(7): 818-831., articleTitle=Hydrogels for RNA delivery, refAbstract=RNA-based therapeutics have shown tremendous promise in disease intervention at the genetic level, and some have been approved for clinical use, including the recent COVID-19 messenger RNA vaccines. The clinical success of RNA therapy is largely dependent on the use of chemical modification, ligand conjugation or non-viral nanoparticles to improve RNA stability and facilitate intracellular delivery. Unlike molecular-level or nanoscale approaches, macroscopic hydrogels are soft, water-swollen three-dimensional structures that possess remarkable features such as biodegradability, tunable physiochemical properties and injectability, and recently they have attracted enormous attention for use in RNA therapy. Specifically, hydrogels can be engineered to exert precise spatiotemporal control over the release of RNA therapeutics, potentially minimizing systemic toxicity and enhancing in vivo efficacy. This Review provides a comprehensive overview of hydrogel loading of RNAs and hydrogel design for controlled release, highlights their biomedical applications and offers our perspectives on the opportunities and challenges in this exciting field of RNA delivery.© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.), Reference(id=1242114215759118532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267259392700, doi=10.1038/s41563-022-01429-5, pmid=36550372, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=22, issue=1, pageStart=128, pageEnd=134, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=24, authorNames=Gantenbein S, Colucci E, Käch J, journalName=Nature Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gantenbein S, Colucci E, Käch J, et al. Three-dimensional printing of mycelium hydrogels into living complex materials[J]. Nature Materials, 2023, 22(1): 128-134., articleTitle=Three-dimensional printing of mycelium hydrogels into living complex materials, refAbstract=Biological living materials, such as animal bones and plant stems, are able to self-heal, regenerate, adapt and make decisions under environmental pressures. Despite recent successful efforts to imbue synthetic materials with some of these remarkable functionalities, many emerging properties of complex adaptive systems found in biology remain unexplored in engineered living materials. Here, we describe a three-dimensional printing approach that harnesses the emerging properties of fungal mycelia to create living complex materials that self-repair, regenerate and adapt to the environment while fulfilling an engineering function. Hydrogels loaded with the fungus Ganoderma lucidum are three-dimensionally printed into lattice architectures to enable mycelial growth in a balanced exploration and exploitation pattern that simultaneously promotes colonization of the gel and bridging of air gaps. To illustrate the potential of such mycelium-based living complex materials, we three-dimensionally print a robotic skin that is mechanically robust, self-cleaning and able to autonomously regenerate after damage.© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.), Reference(id=1242114215817838789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267259392700, doi=10.1038/s41563-023-01611-3, pmid=37500957, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=22, issue=8, pageStart=1039, pageEnd=1046, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=25, authorNames=Choi S, Lee K Y, Kim S L, journalName=Nature Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Choi S, Lee K Y, Kim S L, et al. Fibre-infused gel scaffolds guide cardiomyocyte alignment in 3D-printed ventricles[J]. Nature Materials, 2023, 22(8): 1039-1046., articleTitle=Fibre-infused gel scaffolds guide cardiomyocyte alignment in 3D-printed ventricles, refAbstract=Hydrogels are attractive materials for tissue engineering, but efforts to date have shown limited ability to produce the microstructural features necessary to promote cellular self-organization into hierarchical three-dimensional (3D) organ models. Here we develop a hydrogel ink containing prefabricated gelatin fibres to print 3D organ-level scaffolds that recapitulate the intra- and intercellular organization of the heart. The addition of prefabricated gelatin fibres to hydrogels enables the tailoring of the ink rheology, allowing for a controlled sol-gel transition to achieve precise printing of free-standing 3D structures without additional supporting materials. Shear-induced alignment of fibres during ink extrusion provides microscale geometric cues that promote the self-organization of cultured human cardiomyocytes into anisotropic muscular tissues in vitro. The resulting 3D-printed ventricle in vitro model exhibited biomimetic anisotropic electrophysiological and contractile properties.© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.), Reference(id=1242114215889141958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267259392700, doi=10.1126/science.aav9750, pmid=31048486, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=364, issue=6439, pageStart=458, pageEnd=464, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=26, authorNames=Grigoryan B, Paulsen S J, Corbett D C, journalName=Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Grigoryan B, Paulsen S J, Corbett D C, et al. Multivascular networks and functional intravascular topologies within biocompatible hydrogels[J]. Science, 2019, 364(6439): 458-464., articleTitle=Multivascular networks and functional intravascular topologies within biocompatible hydrogels, refAbstract=Solid organs transport fluids through distinct vascular networks that are biophysically and biochemically entangled, creating complex three-dimensional (3D) transport regimes that have remained difficult to produce and study. We establish intravascular and multivascular design freedoms with photopolymerizable hydrogels by using food dye additives as biocompatible yet potent photoabsorbers for projection stereolithography. We demonstrate monolithic transparent hydrogels, produced in minutes, comprising efficient intravascular 3D fluid mixers and functional bicuspid valves. We further elaborate entangled vascular networks from space-filling mathematical topologies and explore the oxygenation and flow of human red blood cells during tidal ventilation and distension of a proximate airway. In addition, we deploy structured biodegradable hydrogel carriers in a rodent model of chronic liver injury to highlight the potential translational utility of this materials innovation.Copyright © 2019 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.), Reference(id=1242114215956250823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267259392700, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=36, issue=25, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=27, authorNames=Xiao W Y, Wan X Z, Shi L X, journalName=Advanced Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xiao W Y, Wan X Z, Shi L X, et al. A viscous-biofluid self-pumping organohydrogel dressing to accelerate diabetic wound healing[J]. Advanced Materials, 2024, 36(25): e2401539, doi: 10.1002/adma.202401539., articleTitle=A viscous-biofluid self-pumping organohydrogel dressing to accelerate diabetic wound healing, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114216014971080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267259392700, doi=10.1038/s41570-021-00323-z, pmid=37117664, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=5, issue=11, pageStart=773, pageEnd=791, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=28, authorNames=Guo B L, Dong R N, Liang Y P, journalName=Nature Reviews Chemistry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Guo B L, Dong R N, Liang Y P, et al. Haemostatic materials for wound healing applications[J]. Nature Reviews Chemistry, 2021, 5(11): 773-791., articleTitle=Haemostatic materials for wound healing applications, refAbstract=Wounds are one of the most common health issues, and the cost of wound care and healing has continued to increase over the past decade. The first step in wound healing is haemostasis, and the development of haemostatic materials that aid wound healing has accelerated in the past 5 years. Numerous haemostatic materials have been fabricated, composed of different active components (including natural polymers, synthetic polymers, silicon-based materials and metal-containing materials) and in various forms (including sponges, hydrogels, nanofibres and particles). In this Review, we provide an overview of haemostatic materials in wound healing, focusing on their chemical design and operation. We describe the physiological process of haemostasis to elucidate the principles that underpin the design of haemostatic wound dressings. We also highlight the advantages and limitations of the different active components and forms of haemostatic materials. The main challenges and future directions in the development of haemostatic materials for wound healing are proposed.© 2021. Springer Nature Limited.), Reference(id=1242114216086274249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267259392700, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=35, issue=36, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=29, authorNames=Yang Z X, An Y, He Y L, journalName=Advanced Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang Z X, An Y, He Y L, et al. A programmable actuator as synthetic earthworm[J]. Advanced Materials, 2023, 35(36): e2303805, doi: 10.1002/adma.202303805., articleTitle=A programmable actuator as synthetic earthworm, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114216144994506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267259392700, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=204, issue=null, pageStart=104736, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=30, authorNames=Saha A, Sekharan S, Manna U, journalName=Soil and Tillage Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Saha A, Sekharan S, Manna U. Superabsorbent hydrogel (SAH) as a soil amendment for drought management: A review[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2020, 204: 104736, doi: 10.1016/j.still.2020.104736., articleTitle=Superabsorbent hydrogel (SAH) as a soil amendment for drought management: A review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114216212103371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267259392700, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=624, issue=7991, pageStart=295, pageEnd=302, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=31, authorNames=Yi J Q, Zou G J, Huang J P, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yi J Q, Zou G J, Huang J P, et al. Water-responsive supercontractile polymer films for bioelectronic interfaces[J]. Nature, 2023, 624(7991): 295-302., articleTitle=Water-responsive supercontractile polymer films for bioelectronic interfaces, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114216275017932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267259392700, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=386, issue=6725, pageStart=1024, pageEnd=1030, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=32, authorNames=Zhang Y J, Tan C M J, Toepfer C N, journalName=Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang Y J, Tan C M J, Toepfer C N, et al. Microscale droplet assembly enables biocompatible multifunctional modular iontronics[J]. Science, 2024, 386(6725): 1024-1030., articleTitle=Microscale droplet assembly enables biocompatible multifunctional modular iontronics, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114216329543885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267259392700, doi=10.1126/science.abj9912, pmid=35511972, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=376, issue=6593, pageStart=624, pageEnd=629, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=33, authorNames=Park B, Shin J H, Ok J, journalName=Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Park B, Shin J H, Ok J, et al. Cuticular pad-inspired selective frequency damper for nearly dynamic noise-free bioelectronics[J]. Science, 2022, 376(6593): 624-629., articleTitle=Cuticular pad-inspired selective frequency damper for nearly dynamic noise-free bioelectronics, refAbstract=Bioelectronics needs to continuously monitor mechanical and electrophysiological signals for patients. However, the signals always include artifacts by patients' unexpected movement (such as walking and respiration under approximately 30 hertz). The current method to remove them is a signal process that uses a bandpass filter, which may cause signal loss. We present an unconventional bandpass filter material-viscoelastic gelatin-chitosan hydrogel damper, inspired by the viscoelastic cuticular pad in a spider-to remove dynamic mechanical noise artifacts selectively. The hydrogel exhibits frequency-dependent phase transition that results in a rubbery state that damps low-frequency noise and a glassy state that transmits the desired high-frequency signals. It serves as an adaptable passfilter that enables the acquisition of high-quality signals from patients while minimizing signal process for advanced bioelectronics.), Reference(id=1242114216392458446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267259392700, doi=10.1126/science.aaw1974, pmid=35482868, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=376, issue=6592, pageStart=502, pageEnd=507, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=34, authorNames=Dobashi Y, Yao D, Petel Y, journalName=Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Dobashi Y, Yao D, Petel Y, et al. Piezoionic mechanoreceptors: Force-induced current generation in hydrogels[J]. Science, 2022, 376(6592): 502-507., articleTitle=Piezoionic mechanoreceptors: Force-induced current generation in hydrogels, refAbstract=The human somatosensory network relies on ionic currents to sense, transmit, and process tactile information. We investigate hydrogels that similarly transduce pressure into ionic currents, forming a piezoionic skin. As in rapid- and slow-adapting mechanoreceptors, piezoionic currents can vary widely in duration, from milliseconds to hundreds of seconds. These currents are shown to elicit direct neuromodulation and muscle excitation, suggesting a path toward bionic sensory interfaces. The signal magnitude and duration depend on cationic and anionic mobility differences. Patterned hydrogel films with gradients of fixed charge provide voltage offsets akin to cell potentials. The combined effects enable the creation of self-powered and ultrasoft piezoionic mechanoreceptors that generate a charge density four to six orders of magnitude higher than those of triboelectric and piezoelectric devices.), Reference(id=1242114216446984399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267259392700, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=630, issue=8015, pageStart=84, pageEnd=90, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=35, authorNames=Tang H C, Yang Y Y, Liu Z, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tang H C, Yang Y Y, Liu Z, et al. Injectable ultrasonic sensor for wireless monitoring of intracranial signals[J]. Nature, 2024, 630(8015): 84-90., articleTitle=Injectable ultrasonic sensor for wireless monitoring of intracranial signals, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114216509898960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267259392700, doi=10.1126/science.abm7862, pmid=35420951, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=376, issue=6590, pageStart=301, pageEnd=307, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=36, authorNames=Na H, Kang Y W, Park C S, journalName=Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Na H, Kang Y W, Park C S, et al. Hydrogel-based strong and fast actuators by electroosmotic turgor pressure[J]. Science, 2022, 376(6590): 301-307., articleTitle=Hydrogel-based strong and fast actuators by electroosmotic turgor pressure, refAbstract=Hydrogels are promising as materials for soft actuators because of qualities such as softness, transparency, and responsiveness to stimuli. However, weak and slow actuations remain challenging as a result of low modulus and osmosis-driven slow water diffusion, respectively. We used turgor pressure and electroosmosis to realize a strong and fast hydrogel-based actuator. A turgor actuator fabricated with a gel confined by a selectively permeable membrane can retain a high osmotic pressure that drives gel swelling; thus, our actuator exerts large stress [0.73 megapascals (MPa) in 96 minutes (min)] with a 1.16 cubic centimeters of hydrogel. With the accelerated water transport caused by electroosmosis, the gel swells rapidly, enhancing the actuation speed (0.79 MPa in 9 min). Our strategies enable a soft hydrogel to break a brick and construct underwater structures within a few minutes.), Reference(id=1242114216568619217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267259392700, doi=10.1038/s41557-020-0444-1, pmid=32221498, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=12, issue=4, pageStart=363, pageEnd=371, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=37, authorNames=Downs F G, Lunn D J, Booth M J, journalName=Nature Chemistry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Downs F G, Lunn D J, Booth M J, et al. Multi-responsive hydrogel structures from patterned droplet networks[J]. Nature Chemistry, 2020, 12(4): 363-371., articleTitle=Multi-responsive hydrogel structures from patterned droplet networks, refAbstract=Responsive hydrogels that undergo controlled shape changes in response to a range of stimuli are of interest for microscale soft robotic and biomedical devices. However, these applications require fabrication methods capable of preparing complex, heterogeneous materials. Here we report a new approach for making patterned, multi-material and multi-responsive hydrogels, on a micrometre to millimetre scale. Nanolitre aqueous pre-gel droplets were connected through lipid bilayers in predetermined architectures and photopolymerized to yield continuous hydrogel structures. By using this droplet network technology to pattern domains containing temperature-responsive or non-responsive hydrogels, structures that undergo reversible curling were produced. Through patterning of gold nanoparticle-containing domains into the hydrogels, light-activated shape change was achieved, while domains bearing magnetic particles allowed movement of the structures in a magnetic field. To highlight our technique, we generated a multi-responsive hydrogel that, at one temperature, could be moved through a constriction under a magnetic field and, at a second temperature, could grip and transport a cargo.), Reference(id=1242114216644116690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267259392700, doi=10.1038/s41563-024-01955-4, pmid=39043929, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=23, issue=10, pageStart=1428, pageEnd=1435, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=38, authorNames=Wang X, Pan C F, Xia N, journalName=Nature Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang X, Pan C F, Xia N, et al. Fracture-driven power amplification in a hydrogel launcher[J]. Nature Materials, 2024, 23(10): 1428-1435., articleTitle=Fracture-driven power amplification in a hydrogel launcher, refAbstract=Robotic tasks that require robust propulsion abilities such as jumping, ejecting or catapulting require power-amplification strategies where kinetic energy is generated from pre-stored energy. Here we report an engineered accumulated strain energy-fracture power-amplification method that is inspired by the pressurized fluidic squirting mechanism of Ecballium elaterium (squirting cucumber plants). We realize a light-driven hydrogel launcher that harnesses fast liquid vapourization triggered by the photothermal response of an embedded graphene suspension. This vapourization leads to appreciable elastic energy storage within the surrounding hydrogel network, followed by rapid elastic energy release within 0.3 ms. These soft hydrogel robots achieve controlled launching at high velocity with a predictable trajectory. The accumulated strain energy-fracture method was used to create an artificial squirting cucumber that disperses artificial seeds over metres, which can further achieve smart seeding through an integrated radio-frequency identification chip. This power-amplification strategy provides a basis for propulsive motion to advance the capabilities of miniaturized soft robotic systems.© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.), Reference(id=1242114216707031251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267259392700, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=7, issue=null, pageStart=537, pageEnd=547, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=39, authorNames=Tan J, Kang B, Kim K, journalName=Nature Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tan J, Kang B, Kim K, et al. Hydrogel protection strategy to stabilize water-splitting photoelectrodes[J]. Nature Energy, 2022, 7: 537-547., articleTitle=Hydrogel protection strategy to stabilize water-splitting photoelectrodes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114216769945812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267259392700, doi=10.1038/s41563-023-01649-3, pmid=37604911, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=22, issue=10, pageStart=1243, pageEnd=1252, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=40, authorNames=Zhang M C, Pal A, Zheng Z Q, journalName=Nature Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang M C, Pal A, Zheng Z Q, et al. Hydrogel muscles powering reconfigurable micro-metastructures with wide-spectrum programmability[J]. Nature Materials, 2023, 22(10): 1243-1252., articleTitle=Hydrogel muscles powering reconfigurable micro-metastructures with wide-spectrum programmability, refAbstract=Stimuli-responsive geometric transformations endow metamaterials with dynamic properties and functionalities. However, using existing transformation mechanisms to program a single geometry to transform into diverse final configurations remains challenging, imposing crucial design restrictions on achieving versatile functionalities. Here, we present a programmable strategy for wide-spectrum reconfigurable micro-metastructures using linearly responsive transparent hydrogels as artificial muscles. Actuated by the hydrogel, the transformation of micro-metastructures arises from the collaborative buckling of their building blocks. Rationally designing the three-dimensional printing parameters and geometry features of the metastructures enables their locally isotropic or anisotropic deformation, allowing controllable wide-spectrum pattern transformation with programmable chirality and optical anisotropy. This reconfiguration mechanism can be applied to various materials with a wide range of mechanical properties. Our strategy enables a thermally reconfigurable printed metalattice with pixel-by-pixel mapping of different printing powers and angles for displaying or hiding complex information, providing opportunities for encryption, miniature robotics, photonics and phononics applications.© 2023. The Author(s).)], funds=[Fund(id=1242114213963956394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267259392700, awardId=2022YFB3204301, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划(2022YFB3204301), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1242114214022676651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267259392700, awardId=22322508, language=CN, fundingSource=国家优秀青年科学基金(22322508), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1242114211795501187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267259392700, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114211803889796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267259392700, companyId=1242114211795501187, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114211812278405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267259392700, companyId=1242114211795501187, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所，宁波 315201)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1242114213322227874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267259392700, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Performance study and application areas of functional polymer hydrogels, figureFileSmall=NcsuwOVEbJtuAYk9kNDfSA==, figureFileBig=3xa6Dx4Lm1IKTXeN2Qssng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242114213389336739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267259392700, language=CN, label=图1, caption=功能高分子水凝胶的性能研究及应用领域, figureFileSmall=NcsuwOVEbJtuAYk9kNDfSA==, figureFileBig=3xa6Dx4Lm1IKTXeN2Qssng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242114213561303204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267259392700, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Performance study of functional polymer hydrogels, figureFileSmall=4B118aIv+01hvwdcpZJyrQ==, figureFileBig=LrAYEyANz6qmoDRUl4tdDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242114213620023461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267259392700, language=CN, label=图2, caption=功能高分子水凝胶的性能研究

CD：Hydroxypropyl-a-cyclodextrin，羟丙基-a-环糊精；PEG：Polyethylene Glycol，聚乙二醇；AD：Amantadine，金刚烷胺；CB[7]：Cucurbit[7]uril，葫芦[7]脲；PPV：Poly（phenylene vinylene） Derivative，聚苯基乙烯衍生物；LIPSA：Laser-induced Phase Separation and Adhesion，激光诱导的相分离和粘附；PSS：Poly（styrene sulfonate），聚（苯乙烯磺酸）；PEDOT：Poly（3，4-ethylenedioxythiophene），聚（3，4-亚乙二氧基噻吩）。

, figureFileSmall=4B118aIv+01hvwdcpZJyrQ==, figureFileBig=LrAYEyANz6qmoDRUl4tdDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242114213678743718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267259392700, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Smart responsiveness of functional polymer hydrogels, figureFileSmall=UyIxWQjHZMNVgUeNPVmReg==, figureFileBig=nlUzcIB9On+C+MyOBwtMCg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242114213737463975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267259392700, language=CN, label=图3, caption=功能高分子水凝胶的智能响应性

NIR：Near Infrared，近红外光；Vis：Visible，可见光；UV：Ultraviolet，紫外光。

, figureFileSmall=UyIxWQjHZMNVgUeNPVmReg==, figureFileBig=nlUzcIB9On+C+MyOBwtMCg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242114213787795624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267259392700, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Main applications of functional polymer hydrogels, figureFileSmall=R2BTCeUbFFxzSoghFN63aA==, figureFileBig=nzvrU8h+Jjyy5LtTKcdSaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242114213842321577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267259392700, language=CN, label=图4, caption=功能高分子水凝胶的主要应用

IT-IC：Injectable Tissue-Interfacing Prostheses Composed of Conductive，由导电材料组成的可注射的组织界面修复体；VML：Volumetric Muscle Loss，肌肉体积损失；WRAP：Water-Responsive Shape-Adaptive Polymer，水响应形状适应性聚合物；PAAM：Polyacrylamide，聚丙烯酰胺。

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