Article(id=1266471196402008329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358635761254452, issueId=1266471145588019694, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11884/HPLPB202638.250467, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1766073600000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-19, revisedDate=1769011200000, revisedDateStr=2026-01-22, acceptedDate=1769011200000, acceptedDateStr=2026-01-22, onlineDate=1779879863118, onlineDateStr=2026-05-27, pubDate=1776182400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1779879863118, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-05-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1779879863118, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1779879863118, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1266471145588019694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358635761254452, year='2026', volume='38', issue='4', pageStart='041001-1', pageEnd='049003-11', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1779879851004, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1779879869427, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1266471222939374548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358635761254452, issueId=1266471145588019694, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1266471222943568853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358635761254452, issueId=1266471145588019694, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=049001-1, endPage=049001-8, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1266471196922102028, articleId=1266471196402008329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358635761254452, language=EN, title=Computational ghost imaging based on recursive cross sorting of Hadamard basis, columnId=1266471196834021643, journalTitle=High Power Laser and Particle Beams, columnName=Advanced Interdisciplinary Science, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Background

The projection sequence of Hadamard speckle patterns directly influences the image reconstruction quality and efficiency of computational ghost imaging under undersampled conditions. Optimizing the speckle sorting strategy is an effective approach to achieving high-quality imaging at low sampling rates.

Purpose

This study aims to address the oscillation of quality metrics observed during the sampling process of traditional sorting strategies and to further enhance the signal-to-noise ratio and convergence stability within the low-sampling-rate regime.

Methods

A recursive cross (RC) sorting strategy based on the Hadamard basis is proposed. By inversely deconstructing hierarchical subspaces and utilizing an even-index mapping mechanism, this method interleaves and reorganizes speckles with orthogonal texture features, thereby disrupting the continuous accumulation of unidirectional features in the sampling sequence. Numerical simulations under both ideal and Gaussian noise environments, along with optical experiments, were conducted to validate the proposed method.

Results

Simulation results demonstrate that the RC strategy effectively eliminates the oscillation of evaluation metrics observed in Russian Dolls sorting as the sampling rate increases across the full 0–100% range, achieving a smooth evolution and robust convergence of imaging quality. Particularly in the low-sampling-rate range of 0–10%, the peak signal-to-noise ratio of the reconstructed images shows a maximum improvement of approximately 101.7% compared to Hadamard natural sorting and 11.4% compared to laser model speckle sorting, with a maximum gain of about 3.4 dB.

Conclusions

By optimizing the sampling path of spectral energy, the RC sorting strategy improves the data acquisition efficiency of ghost imaging, potentially offering an effective technical pathway for realizing rapid and real-time ghost imaging applications.

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哈达玛散斑的投影顺序直接影响欠采样率下鬼成像的图像重构质量与效率。提出了一种基于哈达玛基的递归交叉排序策略,通过逆向解构层级子空间,利用偶数索引映射机制对具有正交纹理特征的散斑进行交错重组,打破了单一方向特征在采样序列中的连续性堆积。通过在理想和高斯噪声环境下的仿真得出,该策略在0~100%全采样区间内有效削减了传统Russian Dolls排序中的质量指标随采样率增加而出现的震荡现象,实现了成像质量较为平滑演进与稳健收敛,且在0~10%低采样率区间内,其重构图像的峰值信噪比相较于Hadamard自然排序平均提升最大约101.7%,较激光模式散斑排序平均提升最大约11.4%,最大提升约3.4 dB,最后设计了光学实验,验证了该策略的效果。这一排序策略或可为实现快速鬼成像提供有效的途径。

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冯国英,
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 《强激光与粒子束》编辑部 2026, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=2LhPeKjp4JlECHdB0Q7+Kw==, magXml=k1l/rFK6I4B7YVPw5IaGNg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=AvpBLger2WuoyyguS8rxPQ==, pdfFileSize=3725957, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=qW1aFsxYARGWUQoCdZo/iw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=JmCr636pAyrmLnMDfyIJPw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

赵帅,

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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358635761254452, articleId=1266471196402008329, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=欠采样), Keyword(id=1266743850761605677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358635761254452, articleId=1266471196402008329, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=数字微镜器件)], refs=[Reference(id=1266743852552573502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1266358635761254452, articleId=1266471196402008329, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Erkmen B I, Shapiro J H. 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基于哈达玛基的递归交叉排序计算鬼成像
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赵帅 , 吴仪 , 冯国英
强激光与粒子束 | 前沿技术与交叉科学 2026,38(4): 049001-1-049001-8
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强激光与粒子束 | 前沿技术与交叉科学 2026, 38(4): 049001-1-049001-8
基于哈达玛基的递归交叉排序计算鬼成像
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赵帅 , 吴仪, 冯国英
作者信息
  • 四川大学 电子信息学院,激光微纳工程研究所,成都 610065

通讯作者:

冯国英,
Computational ghost imaging based on recursive cross sorting of Hadamard basis
Shuai Zhao , Yi Wu, Guoying Feng
Affiliations
  • Institute of Laser and Micro/Nano Engineering, College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
出版时间: 2026-04-15 doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202638.250467
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哈达玛散斑的投影顺序直接影响欠采样率下鬼成像的图像重构质量与效率。提出了一种基于哈达玛基的递归交叉排序策略,通过逆向解构层级子空间,利用偶数索引映射机制对具有正交纹理特征的散斑进行交错重组,打破了单一方向特征在采样序列中的连续性堆积。通过在理想和高斯噪声环境下的仿真得出,该策略在0~100%全采样区间内有效削减了传统Russian Dolls排序中的质量指标随采样率增加而出现的震荡现象,实现了成像质量较为平滑演进与稳健收敛,且在0~10%低采样率区间内,其重构图像的峰值信噪比相较于Hadamard自然排序平均提升最大约101.7%,较激光模式散斑排序平均提升最大约11.4%,最大提升约3.4 dB,最后设计了光学实验,验证了该策略的效果。这一排序策略或可为实现快速鬼成像提供有效的途径。

计算鬼成像  /  哈达玛排序  /  递归交叉  /  欠采样  /  数字微镜器件
Background

The projection sequence of Hadamard speckle patterns directly influences the image reconstruction quality and efficiency of computational ghost imaging under undersampled conditions. Optimizing the speckle sorting strategy is an effective approach to achieving high-quality imaging at low sampling rates.

Purpose

This study aims to address the oscillation of quality metrics observed during the sampling process of traditional sorting strategies and to further enhance the signal-to-noise ratio and convergence stability within the low-sampling-rate regime.

Methods

A recursive cross (RC) sorting strategy based on the Hadamard basis is proposed. By inversely deconstructing hierarchical subspaces and utilizing an even-index mapping mechanism, this method interleaves and reorganizes speckles with orthogonal texture features, thereby disrupting the continuous accumulation of unidirectional features in the sampling sequence. Numerical simulations under both ideal and Gaussian noise environments, along with optical experiments, were conducted to validate the proposed method.

Results

Simulation results demonstrate that the RC strategy effectively eliminates the oscillation of evaluation metrics observed in Russian Dolls sorting as the sampling rate increases across the full 0–100% range, achieving a smooth evolution and robust convergence of imaging quality. Particularly in the low-sampling-rate range of 0–10%, the peak signal-to-noise ratio of the reconstructed images shows a maximum improvement of approximately 101.7% compared to Hadamard natural sorting and 11.4% compared to laser model speckle sorting, with a maximum gain of about 3.4 dB.

Conclusions

By optimizing the sampling path of spectral energy, the RC sorting strategy improves the data acquisition efficiency of ghost imaging, potentially offering an effective technical pathway for realizing rapid and real-time ghost imaging applications.

computational ghost imaging  /  Hadamard basis sorting  /  recursive cross  /  sub-Nyquist sampling  /  digital micromirror device
赵帅, 吴仪, 冯国英. 基于哈达玛基的递归交叉排序计算鬼成像. 强激光与粒子束, 2026 , 38 (4) : 049001-1 -049001-8 . DOI: 10.11884/HPLPB202638.250467
Shuai Zhao, Yi Wu, Guoying Feng. Computational ghost imaging based on recursive cross sorting of Hadamard basis[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2026 , 38 (4) : 049001-1 -049001-8 . DOI: 10.11884/HPLPB202638.250467
计算鬼成像(computational ghost imaging,CGI)是一项基于光场强度涨落关联的非传统成像技术。不同于传统的阵列探测成像,CGI利用单像素探测器收集光场与目标物体相互作用后的总光强,结合预先调制的散斑模式通过关联算法实现图像重构[1-3]。凭借其高灵敏度和宽波段响应特性,CGI在太赫兹与红外等非可见波段成像[4-6]、散射介质下的复杂场景成像[7-10]、光学信息加密[11-14]及边缘提取[15]等领域展现出独特的优势。近年来,该技术在生物医学内窥镜[16]、三维成像[17]、超分辨率成像[18]等应用中备受瞩目。然而,CGI的成像质量与采样效率高度依赖于调制散斑基的选择及其排序策略。能否在欠采样条件下实现高质量的重建,直接影响实时鬼成像的速度,因此其仍是制约鬼成像技术迈向工程化应用的挑战之一。
散斑基的演变构成了CGI技术发展的一条关键脉络。早期研究主要采用随机散斑模式,虽然其生成简单且与压缩感知理论天然契合,但其非正交性导致重构所需的采样数远超图像像素数,导致低采样率下的信噪比极低[19-21]。为提高成像效率,研究人员转向了结构化散斑模式,其中最具代表性的是Hadamard基[22-25]。Hadamard基由构成正交矩阵的$ \pm 1 $素组成,具备固有的分组特性和快速变换特征,显著降低了计算复杂度。然而,自然序Hadamard基中高频分量占比过高,导致在低采样重构时丢失低频图像信息。针对这一问题,学者们提出了多种优化排序策略。2017年,Sun Mingjie等人提出了俄罗斯套娃(Russian Dolls,RD)排序,采用分层嵌套结构将低阶矩阵的散斑基排在靠前的位置,其重构质量远超传统排序方案[26],但随着采样率的线性增加,其重构图像的质量指标呈现出明显的震荡波动趋势,缺乏稳定性,这不利于实际应用中对成像质量的精确预估。2024年,Yang Mochou等人提出了一种基于激光模式图案(laser mode speckle,LMS)物理模型的散斑排序策略[27],该方法能够在0~10%采样率内重建出待测物,且成像质量远优于传统的成像方案。
本文设计了一种全新的哈达玛散斑的排序策略。根据其排序特征,我们称之为递归交叉(recursive cross, RC)排序法。递归交叉排序法使得重建图像随采样率增加能够保持较高质量的同时,还能提升成像质量的稳定性,并且在低采样下能够优先恢复目标物体的整体轮廓。
计算鬼成像的重构原理如图1所示,激光器发出的光经过扩束后通过空间光调制器依次投射散斑$ \left\{{P}_{i}\right\} $,桶探测器记录光强信号$ {S}_{i} $,反射光总光强表示为
$ S_i=\displaystyle\sum_{x=1}^N \displaystyle\sum_{y=1}^N P_i(x, y) I(x, y)+\epsilon_i $
式中:$ I\left(x,y\right) $表示物体表面反射率分布,$ {\epsilon }_{i} $表示环境噪声。经过N次测量后,图像重建可通过二阶关联算法实现,即
$ \hat{I}(x, y)=\dfrac{1}{N} \displaystyle\sum_{i=1}^N\left[S_i-\left\langle S_i\right\rangle\right] P_i(x, y) =\left\langle S_i P_i(x, y)\right\rangle-\left\langle S_i\right\rangle P_i(x, y) $
式中:$ \left\langle \cdot \right\rangle $符号表示取平均。
哈达玛矩阵是一类由元素$ \pm 1 $构成的正交方阵。其递归构造基于克罗内克内积(Kronecker Product),定义为
$ {H}_{2}=\left[\begin{matrix}1 & & 1\\1 & & -1\end{matrix}\right],\quad {H}_{{{2}^{k}}}={H}_{2}\otimes {H}_{{{2}^{k-1}}}=\left[\begin{matrix}{H}_{{{2}^{k-1}}} & & {H}_{{{2}^{k-1}}}\\{H}_{{{2}^{k-1}}} & & -{H}_{{{2}^{k-1}}}\end{matrix}\right] $
式中:$ \otimes $表示克罗内克积。
将哈达玛矩阵$ {H}_{{{2}^{2k}}} $(k = 1, 2, 3…)的每一行重塑为二维矩阵,分别将矩阵中的$ +1 $$ -1 $映射为散斑图案的“白”和“黑”块,得到哈达玛散斑。
Step 1:由于N阶哈达玛矩阵$ {H}_{{N}} $本质上是由$ N/2 $阶矩阵通过克罗内克积递归扩张而成,这意味着低阶子矩阵的频谱信息天然嵌入在高阶矩阵中。遵循这一数理逻辑,我们将$ {H}_{{N}} $的构建过程逆向解构,将其按行重构的图案划分为四个层级化的子空间。具体划分策略如下:首先,我们将位于左上角的$ N/4\times N/4 $区域重构的哈达玛散斑图案定义为第一层,该区域主要承载图像的基础低频分量与能量骨架。其次,扩展到$ N/2\times N/2 $区域,其重构的散斑图案相对于第一层多出的部分作为第二层。基于哈达玛矩阵的对称性原则,对第二层图案进行转置操作,即可获得与之正交的垂直纹理散斑图案集合,将其设定为第三层。最后,矩阵中剩余的行对应的图案构成第四层。
完成层级划分后,为了进一步优化层内的采样顺序,我们遵循“连通区域数量越少,包含的结构化有效信息越多”这一原则,我们对每一层内部的基底图案按照连通区域数量(即黑白块数)执行升序排列。
Step 2:递归交叉重组。在前述步骤中,第二层与第三层虽然互为转置,但其在采样序列中是被隔离采样的。为了打破这种单一方向特征的连续采样,我们对第二与第三层执行“递归交叉”操作:提取第二层与第三层中所有偶数索引位置(即第2, 4, 6…个)的散斑图案,并将其相互交换。通过这种确定性的交错重组,原本集中在单一子区间内的横向或纵向纹理特征被离散化分布,从而在压缩采样过程中实现了更均衡的覆盖。
在数学上,上述递归交叉过程可被形式化定义如下:令$ \mathcal{S}_{}^{\left(2\right)}=\left\{{u}_{1},{u}_{2},\cdots ,{u}_{M}\right\} $$ \mathcal{S}_{}^{\left(3\right)}=\left\{{v}_{1},{v}_{2},\cdots ,{v}_{M}\right\} $分别表示交叉前第二及第三子层内的有序散斑索引集合,其中$ M=N/4 $为每个四分位区块内的散斑图案总数。生成重排序后的索引集合$ \mathcal{S}_{{\mathrm{RC}}}^{\left(2\right)}=\{u_{j}^{\prime}\}_{j=1}^{M} $$ \mathcal{S}_{{\mathrm{RC}}}^{\left(3\right)}=\{v_{j}^{\prime}\}_{j=1}^{M} $其定义为
$ u_{j}^{\prime}=\begin{cases} {u}_{j},\;j\left({\rm{mod}}2\right)\neq 0\\{v}_{j},\;j\left({\rm{mod}}2\right)=0\end{cases} ;\quad v_{j}^{\prime}=\begin{cases} {v}_{j},\;j\left({\rm{mod}}2\right)\neq 0\\{u}_{j},\;j\left({\rm{mod}}2\right)=0\end{cases} $
式中:j代表子区块内的排序索引序列号$ \left(1\leqslant j\leqslant M\right) $。该操作通过索引映射,以偶数间隔显式地对$ \mathcal{S}_{}^{\left(2\right)} $$ \mathcal{S}_{}^{\left(3\right)} $所承载的正交纹理特征进行了交错重组,从而打破了单一方向特征在采样序列中的连续性。
图2$ {H}_{16} $的16个哈达玛散斑为例,展示了如何对散斑图案嵌套重组以及交叉从而得到RC排序:图2(b)中序号(5)~(8)的图案属于第二层,序号(9)~(12)的图案属于第三层,两层内的哈达玛散斑图案对应转置。6和8号为第二层的第2和第4个图案,10和12号为第三层的第2和第4个图案,按照交叉规则,交换6和10号、8和12号的位置,交换位置后的排序如图2(c),即的RC排序序列。
通过这种确定性的逐对换位,算法强制要求每一次对水平特征的采样后,紧接着立即执行一次垂直特征的采样。这种策略在时序上实现了横纵纹理特征的正交补偿。
为了客观地展现图像重构的质量,用到了均方根误差(RMSE)、峰值信噪比(PSNR)及结构相似性(SSIM)三种不同的评价参数,RMSE的计算公式为
$ \sigma_{\mathrm{RMSE}}=\sqrt{\sigma_{\mathrm{MSE}}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{mn}\displaystyle\sum\limits_{i=1}^{m}\displaystyle\sum\limits_{j=1}^{n}{\left(I\left(i,j\right)-K\left(i,j\right)\right)}^{2}} $
式中:$\sigma_{\mathrm{RMSE}} $为均方根误差,$ \sigma_{\mathrm{MSE}} $为均方误差,$ I\left(i,j\right) $表示原始图像的像素值,$ K\left(i,j\right) $表示处理后的图像的像素值,mn分别表示图像的高度和宽度。
评价指标PSNR通过对比原始图像和重建图像之间的像素误差,来量化图像失真程度,计算公式为
$ R_{\mathrm{PSN}}=10\lg\left(\dfrac{{I_{\max}}^{2}}{\sigma_{\mathrm{MSE}}}\right) $
式中:$ I_{\mathrm{\max}} $代表图像像素所能取的最大可能值。
MSSI是一种全参考图像质量评价指标,从亮度、对比度、结构三个维度衡量两幅图像的相似程度,其计算公式为
$ M_{\mathrm{SSI}}\left(x,y\right)=\dfrac{\left(2{\mu }_{x}{\mu }_{y}+{C}_{1}\right)\left(2{\sigma }_{xy}+{C}_{2}\right)}{\left({\mu }_{x}{}^{2}+{\mu }_{y}{}^{2}+{C}_{1}\right)\left({\sigma }_{x}{}^{2}+{\sigma }_{y}{}^{2}+{C}_{2}\right)} $
式中:$ \;{ \mu }_{x} $$ \;{ \mu }_{y} $分别表示图像xy的均值,$ {\sigma }_{x} $$ {\sigma }_{y} $分别表示xy的标准差,$ {\sigma }_{xy} $表示xy的协方差,$ {C}_{1} $$ {C}_{2} $是用于稳定的常数,以防止分母为0。
选取了$ 128\times 128 $像素大小的两张图片“Cameraman”和“Peppers”作为仿真实验的样本,使用关联算法进行图像重构。实际实验的环境噪声不可避免,为了符合实际实验情况,在模拟探测值中加入不同程度的随机高斯噪声,即
$ {B}_{{\mathrm{measured}}}={B}_{{\mathrm{ideal}}}+c*\overrightarrow{\left| B\right| }*Noise $
式中:$ {B}_{{\mathrm{ideal}}} $为理想无噪声探测值,$ \overrightarrow{\left| B\right| } $是所有探测值绝对值的平均值,$ Noise\sim (0,1) $c为噪声系数,$ {B}_{{\mathrm{measured}}} $为添加噪声之后的探测值。
图3展示了两个目标物体分别采用Hadamard自然排序、RD及RC排序时不同采样率下的重构结果及评价指标。为了展示整个采样区间内的指标变换,我们完成了相应的仿真,图4是对图像“Cameraman”和“Peppers”在理想环境(c=0)和噪声环境(c=0.3)下,采样率0~100%之间,步长变化为2%时的三种重构图像指标对比图。
图4所示,RC排序策略在图像重建质量上显著优于传统的哈达玛自然排序,并且克服了RD排序的局限性。哈达玛自然排序由于未能优先采集低频能量,在低采样率下表现最差,RD 排序虽然大幅提升了低采样率下的性能,但由于其分块采样的特性,在特定采样区间表现出显著的性能震荡和局部极小值现象,这对应于某些细节信息的缺失。RC 排序则通过交叉重组机制,成功打破了这种特征隔离,指标变换没有出现明显的震荡“低谷”,在整个采样率区间内呈现出较为平滑的单调变换趋势。另外在噪声环境中依然保持了这一特性。这表明了 RC 排序提供了一种更均衡且鲁棒性较好的采样策略。
此外,鉴于LMS排序在10%采样率内已表现出较好的抗噪重构能力,为了进一步评估RC排序在低采样率下的性能,我们在0~10%采样率范围内,对比分析了RC排序、LMS排序及Hadamard自然排序在引入高斯噪声(c=0.5)后的重构性能指标。
图5所示,RC排序和LMS排序在0~10%采样率内且含有噪声的环境下,图像重构质量都远优于Hadamard自然排序,且RC排序的重构质量整体上优于LMS排序。如图5(a)所示,为头部模型图案的PSNR,在整个0~10%采样区间,RC排序较自然排序平均提升101.7%,较LMS排序平均提升11.4%且最大差值约为3.4dB,这表明在低采样率下,递归交叉的排序策略同样具有较强的抗噪重建能力。
为了验证所提出排序在低采样率下的具体表现,我们搭建了一套基于数字微镜器件(digital micromirror devices, DMD,中科微星)的计算鬼成像实验系统,系统示意图如图6所示。光源为一台中心波长为532 nm的固态激光器。激光束经起偏器调制后,入射到DMD的表面,DMD的物理分辨率为$ 2\;560\times 1\;600 $,微镜间距为7.56 μm。DMD作为空间光调制器,加载预设的哈达玛散斑图案对光场进行调制,经过调制的结构光束通过两个透镜进行准直,投射至待测的反射式标靶上,目标物体反射的光强信号经收集透镜汇聚后,由一台光电探测器进行接收,并将光信号转换为电压信号。在数据采集与同步控制方面,系统采用硬件触发模式。DMD的刷新频率设定为1000 Hz,每当DMD切换一张调制图案时,会同步输出一个上升沿触发信号,触发数据采集卡记录探测器的电压值。为了减小测量误差,数据采集卡的采样率设定为10 kHz,采集卡在触发后采集5个数据点并取平均值,作为重构的探测值。
实验中,图像重构的分辨率设定为$ 128\times 128 $像素。为了削弱环境光干扰及系统直流噪声的影响,我们采用了全差分测量策略,即对每一个哈达玛基底分别投射其正、负图样,取差值作为重构计算的强度值对应的权重值。因此,对于一次完整的全采样测量,总投影次数为32768次($ 128\times 128\times 2 $),对应的满采样总数据采集时间为32.768 s。
实验首先选取了“30 km”限速标志作为待测目标。该待测物具有较高的对比度和清晰的边缘结构,能够直观地反映排序方案在低采样率高频细节和整体轮廓特征的恢复能力。
图7的实验结果所示,RC排序展现出了较好的低采样率特征捕获能力。具体而言,在极低的7.5%采样率下,RC排序已能率先构建出待测物的整体轮廓,并使细节部分的字母“m”初步具备可辨识度;随着采样率的进一步增加,其重构清晰度呈现出稳步提升的趋势,优先恢复了待测物体整体轮廓信息。
为了进一步印证RC排序在低采样率下的重建能力,我们对头部模型图案和“GI”图案进行了实际的成像实验,结果如图8所示。
图8所示的实验结果,基本符合图5中的仿真数据,这些体现在数据上较小的差值往往对应着一些高频边缘信息或者背景中的杂散噪声。
本文从投影图像分布的先验特性出发,提出了一种递归交叉散斑排序策略,以提升计算鬼成像在欠采样条件下的重构精度。递归交叉排序通过对正交子空间的交错重组,实现了观测基底对目标物体横纵向梯度的均衡覆盖。仿真与实验数据表明,该策略增强了算法对图像信息的捕捉效率,在低采样率下具有较好的特征提取能力,提升了图案的视觉重构质量。作为一种纯软件层面的无损优化手段,该方法具有零硬件成本、算法复杂度低等优势,在快速目标识别、动态场景监测等场景具有广阔的应用前景,然而在如强散射环境下,高频信息的衰减可能会限制排序策略的有效性。
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2026年第38卷第4期
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doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202638.250467
  • 接收时间:2025-12-19
  • 首发时间:2026-05-27
  • 出版时间:2026-04-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-12-19
  • 修回日期:2026-01-22
  • 录用日期:2026-01-22
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    四川大学 电子信息学院,激光微纳工程研究所,成都 610065

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