Article(id=1214642750356636494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, issueId=1214642748829913867, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20230021, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1767522998655, onlineDateStr=2026-01-04, pubDate=1696435200000, pubDateStr=2023-10-05, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1767522998655, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-04, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1767522998655, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767522998655, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1214642748829913867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, year='2023', volume='', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='62', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1767522998292, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767533901426, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1214688479951373039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, issueId=1214642748829913867, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1214688479951373040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, issueId=1214642748829913867, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=45, endPage=48, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1214642750583128912, articleId=1214642750356636494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, language=EN, title=Thoughts on the Construction of New Energy Vehicle Charging Facilities Based on PPP Mode, columnId=1214642749521974028, journalTitle=Automotive Digest, columnName=Selected Paper of SAECCE 2023, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

At present, the main New Energy Vehicles (NEV) on the market are electric vehicles, the popularity of electric vehicles is inseparable from complete basic charging facilities. The construction of NEV charging facilities has problems such as narrow coverage, single profit model and long return period. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the charging facilities considered by domestic and foreign users when purchasing electric vehicles, the relationship between parking and charging, the management and service relationship of charging facilities and the application of Public Private Partnership (PPP) mode in the construction of NEV charging facilities, suggestions are proposed from policy orientation, enterprise operation autonomy and the construction of NEV service platforms.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jianxin Li, Feng Wang), CN=ArticleExt(id=1214642751174525794, articleId=1214642750356636494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, language=CN, title=基于PPP模式新能源汽车充电设施建设思考, columnId=1214642749668774670, journalTitle=汽车文摘, columnName=2023年中国汽车工程学会年会优秀论文(选登), runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目前市场上的新能源汽车主要为电动汽车,电动汽车的普及离不开完备的基础充电设施。新能源汽车充电设施的建设存在诸多问题,如覆盖面窄、盈利模式单一、回报周期长。综合分析国内外用户购买电动汽车时,需要考虑充电设施情况,停车与充电的关系,充电设施管理与服务关系,提出新能源汽车充电设施建设中应用公私伙伴关系(PPP)模式,从政策导向、企业运营自主权、新能源汽车服务平台搭建方面提出建议。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=l8lzL7A7Mnew6KBOpXpFCQ==, magXml=CLgGudB7mgkRD3r7c30JvQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=YeUmmsnu/BZxHNw5EBGcAQ==, pdfFileSize=776769, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=BA1M1RQpFUUMnEb03rv+bg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=/lQs+rN5zR2nVJMHvhHtRQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=李建新, 王峰)}, authors=[Author(id=1215266436260479053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642750356636494, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1215266436319199314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642750356636494, authorId=1215266436260479053, language=EN, stringName=Jianxin Li, firstName=Jianxin, middleName=null, lastName=Li, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Xinjiang Vocational University, Urumqi 830013, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1215266436390502485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642750356636494, authorId=1215266436260479053, language=CN, stringName=李建新, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=新疆职业大学机械电子工程学院, 乌鲁木齐 830013, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1215266436193370182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642750356636494, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215266436197564487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642750356636494, companyId=1215266436193370182, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Xinjiang Vocational University, Urumqi 830013), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215266436205953096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642750356636494, companyId=1215266436193370182, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=新疆职业大学机械电子工程学院, 乌鲁木齐 830013)])]), Author(id=1215266436457611353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642750356636494, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1215266436554080351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642750356636494, authorId=1215266436457611353, language=EN, stringName=Feng Wang, firstName=Feng, middleName=null, lastName=Wang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Xinjiang Vocational University, Urumqi 830013, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1215266436633772129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642750356636494, authorId=1215266436457611353, language=CN, stringName=王峰, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=新疆职业大学机械电子工程学院, 乌鲁木齐 830013, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1215266436193370182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642750356636494, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215266436197564487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642750356636494, companyId=1215266436193370182, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Xinjiang Vocational University, Urumqi 830013), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215266436205953096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642750356636494, companyId=1215266436193370182, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=新疆职业大学机械电子工程学院, 乌鲁木齐 830013)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1215266436788961381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642750356636494, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=New energy vehicle (NEV)), Keyword(id=1215266436893818982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642750356636494, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=Charging facility), Keyword(id=1215266436965122151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642750356636494, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=Public Private Partnership (PPP)), Keyword(id=1215266437028036714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642750356636494, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=Profit model), Keyword(id=1215266437111922798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642750356636494, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=新能源汽车), Keyword(id=1215266437250334838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642750356636494, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=充电设施), Keyword(id=1215266437342609529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642750356636494, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=公私合营), Keyword(id=1215266437418107006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642750356636494, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=盈利模式)], refs=[Reference(id=1215266439171326105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642750356636494, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2020-11/02/content_5556716.htm, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=国务院, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=国务院. 国务院办公厅关于印发新能源汽车产业发展规划(2021—2035年)的通知[EB/OL]. ( 2020-11-02)[2023-08-15]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2020-11/02/content_5556716.htm., articleTitle=国务院办公厅关于印发新能源汽车产业发展规划(2021—2035年)的通知, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215266439276183711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642750356636494, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=18, pageStart=243, pageEnd=244, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=魏兵兵, journalName=中国设备工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=魏兵兵. 探讨如何解决电动汽车充电桩充电技术难题[J]. 中国设备工程, 2020(18): 243-244., articleTitle=探讨如何解决电动汽车充电桩充电技术难题, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215266439368458403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642750356636494, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=null, issue=14, pageStart=2574, pageEnd=2583, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=DAVIES H, SANTOS G, FAYE I, journalName=Transportation Research Procedia, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DAVIES H, SANTOS G, FAYE I, et al. Establishing the Transferability of Best Practice in EV Policy Across EU Borders[J]. Transportation Research Procedia, 2016(14): 2574-2583., articleTitle=Establishing the Transferability of Best Practice in EV Policy Across EU Borders, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215266439431372964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642750356636494, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=123, issue=12, pageStart=1, pageEnd=7, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=WOLBERTUS R, KROESEN M, ROBERT V, journalName=Energy Policy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WOLBERTUS R, KROESEN M, ROBERT V, et al. Fully Charged: An Empirical Study into the Factors That Influence Connection Times at EV-Charging Stations[J]. Energy Policy, 2018, 123(12): 1-7., articleTitle=Fully Charged: An Empirical Study into the Factors That Influence Connection Times at EV-Charging Stations, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215266439498481829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642750356636494, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=34, issue=6, pageStart=1808, pageEnd=1813, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=ERICKSON L E, BURKEY A, MORRISSEY K, journalName=Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ERICKSON L E, BURKEY A, MORRISSEY K, et al. Social, Economic, Technological, and Environmental Impacts of the Development and Implementation of Solar-Powered Charge Stations[J]. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy, 2016, 34(6): 1808-1813., articleTitle=Social, Economic, Technological, and Environmental Impacts of the Development and Implementation of Solar-Powered Charge Stations, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215266439569784999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642750356636494, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=50, issue=4, pageStart=29, pageEnd=37, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=LOPEZ-BEHAR D, TRAN M, MAYAUD J R, journalName=Energy Research & Social Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LOPEZ-BEHAR D, TRAN M, MAYAUD J R, et al. Putting Electric Vehicles on the Map: A Policy Agenda for Residential Charging Infrastructure in Canada[J]. Energy Research & Social Science, 2019, 50(4): 29-37., articleTitle=Putting Electric Vehicles on the Map: A Policy Agenda for Residential Charging Infrastructure in Canada, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215266439636893865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642750356636494, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=史广宇, journalName=基于数据驱动的电动汽车充电基础设施规划方法研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=史广宇. 基于数据驱动的电动汽车充电基础设施规划方法研究[D]. 北京: 北京交通大学, 2021., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215266439720779947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642750356636494, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=11, issue=19, pageStart=5514, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=MEYER N, AURIACOMBE C, journalName=Sustainability, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MEYER N, AURIACOMBE C. Good urban governance and city resilicance: An afrocentric approach to sustainable development[J]. Sustainability, 2019, 11(19): 5514., articleTitle=Good urban governance and city resilicance: An afrocentric approach to sustainable development, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215266439800471726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642750356636494, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=廖亚男, journalName=政府与社会资本合作(PPP)的充电基础设施供给问题研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=廖亚男. 政府与社会资本合作(PPP)的充电基础设施供给问题研究[D]. 西安: 西北大学, 2021., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215266439888552113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642750356636494, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=40, issue=2, pageStart=82, pageEnd=94, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=岳为众, 张晶, 刘颖琦, journalName=经济管理研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=岳为众, 张晶, 刘颖琦. 产业政策与市场表现关联研究[J]. 经济管理研究, 2019, 40(2): 82-94., articleTitle=产业政策与市场表现关联研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215266440001798324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642750356636494, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=9, pageStart=148, pageEnd=150, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=陈卓, journalName=商业经济, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈卓. 基于Eviews计量经济学模型下新能源汽车充电桩问题的研究[J]. 商业经济, 2021(9): 148-150., articleTitle=基于Eviews计量经济学模型下新能源汽车充电桩问题的研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215266440064712887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642750356636494, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=11, pageStart=70, pageEnd=74, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=石淞宇, 郭彦, journalName=商业经济, refType=null, unstructuredReference=石淞宇, 郭彦. PPP模式下新能源汽车充电设施建设领域的探索研究[J]. 商业经济, 2021(11): 70-74+114., articleTitle=PPP模式下新能源汽车充电设施建设领域的探索研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215266440148598971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642750356636494, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=174, issue=2, pageStart=133, pageEnd=138, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=YANG T, LONG R Y, LI W B, journalName=Journal of Cleaner Production, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG T, LONG R Y, LI W B. Suggestion on Tax Policy for Promoting the PPP Projects of Charging Infrastructure in China[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018, 174(2): 133-138., articleTitle=Suggestion on Tax Policy for Promoting the PPP Projects of Charging Infrastructure in China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215266440240873663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642750356636494, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=62, issue=7, pageStart=283, pageEnd=297, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=WOLBERTUS R, KROESEN M, HOED R, journalName=Transportation Research Part D, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WOLBERTUS R, KROESEN M, HOED R, et al. Policy Effects on Charging Behaviour of Electric Vehicle Owners and On Purchase Intentions of Prospective Owners: Natural and stated choice experiments[J]. Transportation Research Part D, 2018, 62(7): 283-297., articleTitle=Policy Effects on Charging Behaviour of Electric Vehicle Owners and On Purchase Intentions of Prospective Owners: Natural and stated choice experiments, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215266440337342656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642750356636494, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=杨彤, journalName=充电基础设施政府和社会资本合作供给的影响因素及其博弈研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杨彤. 充电基础设施政府和社会资本合作供给的影响因素及其博弈研究[D]. 北京: 中国矿业大学, 2018., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1215266436193370182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642750356636494, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215266436197564487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642750356636494, companyId=1215266436193370182, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Xinjiang Vocational University, Urumqi 830013), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215266436205953096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642750356636494, companyId=1215266436193370182, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=新疆职业大学机械电子工程学院, 乌鲁木齐 830013)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1215266437615239301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642750356636494, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=tdQPIJIDLQzoTUlIMPGT0w==, figureFileBig=CJ8Eg1JK1oJuMk5UbWQfiA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215266437682348168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642750356636494, language=CN, label=图1, caption=充电设施不完善引发新能源汽车产业负反馈循环, figureFileSmall=tdQPIJIDLQzoTUlIMPGT0w==, figureFileBig=CJ8Eg1JK1oJuMk5UbWQfiA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215266437774622863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642750356636494, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Nt6ZXsFXfuZJYR3xaECtZQ==, figureFileBig=qRHpXllimKBWRoxtwxqclA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215266437858508945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642750356636494, language=CN, label=图2, caption=PPP应用模式, figureFileSmall=Nt6ZXsFXfuZJYR3xaECtZQ==, figureFileBig=qRHpXllimKBWRoxtwxqclA==, tableContent=null)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1149694111122235398, delFlag=0, nameCn=汽车文摘, nameEn=Automotive Digest, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1671-6329, eissn=null, cn=22-1112/U, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=luiJW6+BcEXciylORYcumg==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=null, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1752038036376, updatedTime=1761735682597, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=A, firstLetterEn=A, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=Engineering, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=luiJW6+BcEXciylORYcumg==, picEn=O+ZP75C19YktWcRPOtyJBw==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1190368987570606240, language=CN, name=汽车文摘, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735682623, updatedTime=1761735682623, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://qcwz.cbpt.cnki.net/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://qcwz.cbpt.cnki.net/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://qcwz.cbpt.cnki.net/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1190368987625132193, language=EN, name=Automotive Digest, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735682636, updatedTime=1761735682636, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://qcwz.cbpt.cnki.net/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://qcwz.cbpt.cnki.net/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://qcwz.cbpt.cnki.net/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1189645257101713411, websiteList=[Website(id=1189645359124066938, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1189645257101713411, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcwz/CN, language=CN, createTime=1761563156157, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761563183518, updateBy=18614031015, name=汽车文摘-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=汽车文摘, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189645933336867479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359124066938, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761563293060, updateTime=1761563293060, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189645933315895956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359124066938, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761563293055, updateTime=1761563293055, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189645933353644698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359124066938, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761563293064, updateTime=1761563293064, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189645933307507347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359124066938, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcwz/CN/file/pic?fileId=wLaOR3KnYrzJXN7hXuyp1Q==, createTime=1761563293053, updateTime=1761563293053, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189645933366227612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359124066938, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761563293067, updateTime=1761563293067, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189645933332673174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359124066938, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcwz/CN/file/pic, createTime=1761563293059, updateTime=1761563293059, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189645933362033307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359124066938, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761563293066, updateTime=1761563293066, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189645933324284565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359124066938, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1761563293057, updateTime=1761563293057, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189645933345256088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359124066938, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761563293062, updateTime=1761563293062, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189645933349450393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359124066938, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761563293063, updateTime=1761563293063, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1189645359224730237, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1189645257101713411, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcwz/EN, language=EN, createTime=1761563156181, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761563214005, updateBy=18614031015, name=汽车文摘-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Automotive Digest, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189645970888471201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359224730237, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761563302013, updateTime=1761563302013, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189645970871693982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359224730237, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761563302009, updateTime=1761563302009, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189645970905248420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359224730237, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761563302017, updateTime=1761563302017, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189645970863305373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359224730237, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcwz/EN/file/pic?fileId=wLaOR3KnYrzJXN7hXuyp1Q==, createTime=1761563302007, updateTime=1761563302007, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189645970917831334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359224730237, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761563302020, updateTime=1761563302020, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189645970884276896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359224730237, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcwz/EN/file/pic, createTime=1761563302012, updateTime=1761563302012, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189645970913637029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359224730237, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761563302019, updateTime=1761563302019, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189645970880082591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359224730237, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1761563302011, updateTime=1761563302011, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189645970892665506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359224730237, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761563302014, updateTime=1761563302014, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189645970896859811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359224730237, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761563302015, updateTime=1761563302015, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=汽车文摘, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://qcwz.cbpt.cnki.net/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Automotive Digest, journalPhotoCn=luiJW6+BcEXciylORYcumg==, journalPhotoEn=O+ZP75C19YktWcRPOtyJBw==, journalFirstLetter=A, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcwz/CN/10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20230021, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcwz/EN/10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20230021, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcwz/CN/PDF/10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20230021, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcwz/EN/PDF/10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20230021, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
基于PPP模式新能源汽车充电设施建设思考
收藏切换
PDF下载
李建新 , 王峰
汽车文摘 | 2023年中国汽车工程学会年会优秀论文(选登) 2023,(10): 45-48
收起
收藏切换
汽车文摘 | 2023年中国汽车工程学会年会优秀论文(选登) 2023, (10): 45-48
基于PPP模式新能源汽车充电设施建设思考
全屏
李建新, 王峰
作者信息
  • 新疆职业大学机械电子工程学院, 乌鲁木齐 830013
Thoughts on the Construction of New Energy Vehicle Charging Facilities Based on PPP Mode
Jianxin Li, Feng Wang
Affiliations
  • College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Xinjiang Vocational University, Urumqi 830013
出版时间: 2023-10-05 doi: 10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20230021
文章导航
收藏切换

目前市场上的新能源汽车主要为电动汽车,电动汽车的普及离不开完备的基础充电设施。新能源汽车充电设施的建设存在诸多问题,如覆盖面窄、盈利模式单一、回报周期长。综合分析国内外用户购买电动汽车时,需要考虑充电设施情况,停车与充电的关系,充电设施管理与服务关系,提出新能源汽车充电设施建设中应用公私伙伴关系(PPP)模式,从政策导向、企业运营自主权、新能源汽车服务平台搭建方面提出建议。

新能源汽车  /  充电设施  /  公私合营  /  盈利模式

At present, the main New Energy Vehicles (NEV) on the market are electric vehicles, the popularity of electric vehicles is inseparable from complete basic charging facilities. The construction of NEV charging facilities has problems such as narrow coverage, single profit model and long return period. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the charging facilities considered by domestic and foreign users when purchasing electric vehicles, the relationship between parking and charging, the management and service relationship of charging facilities and the application of Public Private Partnership (PPP) mode in the construction of NEV charging facilities, suggestions are proposed from policy orientation, enterprise operation autonomy and the construction of NEV service platforms.

New energy vehicle (NEV)  /  Charging facility  /  Public Private Partnership (PPP)  /  Profit model
李建新, 王峰. 基于PPP模式新能源汽车充电设施建设思考. 汽车文摘, 2023 , (10) : 45 -48 . DOI: 10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20230021
Jianxin Li, Feng Wang. Thoughts on the Construction of New Energy Vehicle Charging Facilities Based on PPP Mode[J]. Automotive Digest, 2023 , (10) : 45 -48 . DOI: 10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20230021
随着自然环境污染与能源短缺问题加剧,当前世界各国越来越重视绿色产业,致力于建设环境友好型社会和资源节约型社会。近年来,新能源汽车在国家政策的支持下发展日新月异,国务院办公厅于2020年10月发布《新能源汽车产业发展规划(2021—2035)》[1]。该规划中明确指出发展新能源汽车是我国从汽车大国迈向汽车强国的必由之路,这是应对气候变化、推动绿色可持续发展的关键措施。虽然,新能源汽车在国内发展起步较晚,但凭借庞大的中国市场规模发展十分迅速,新能源汽车将成为汽车市场主流。
新能源汽车的推广与配套能源补给设施的建设密切相关,因此充换电站、充电桩的建设情况将会直接影响一个城市新能源汽车的产业发展。在此阶段,充电设施推广建设工作尚处于探索阶段,面临着充电基础设施项目推进难度大、充电设施建设覆盖面窄、充电设施分配不均衡和充电设施盈利模式单一的巨大挑战。
因此,本文通过分析对比国内外充电基础设施建设案例,结合地区特色分析当前充电基础设施存在用户充电难、充电基础设施运营难的问题,以公私合营为基础来探索建设方法,旨在放宽企业运营自主权,建立新能源汽车服务平台。
在提高充电设施服务的技术领域,魏兵兵[2]指出当前市场上使用较多的是管理与服务一体化的运行模式。这种模式存在问题是充电桩集成处理能力不足,新能源汽车行业的发展将会受到限制。魏兵兵建议,一方面,将控制管理与服务各自独立运行,将充电桩进行通用化设计,使市面上的充电桩实现收费与服务相统一。另一方面,还要加强将信息技术应用在充电基础设施中,以提升服务效率。
国外该领域中,在电动汽车与充电基础设施关联方面,Davies等[3]对新能源汽车专家和有关人员进行了高达143项调查走访,这些被调查者分别来自德国、英国、西班牙、奥地利和荷兰等国。调查结果显示,75%的被调查者认为购买电动汽车时会着重考虑充电基础设施的发展状况,因此充电基础设施建设的不成熟将会是阻碍电动汽车推广的重要因素。Wolbertus等[4]研究了城市中充电基础设施充电时间的影响因素,重点探索了停车和充电之间的关系,并进行了系统量化研究处理。该项目利用大数据手段收集电动汽车个人用户充电设施的使用频率,其中包含260万次充电,超过60%电动汽车用户。该研究利用多项逻辑回归技术,反映充电持续时间行为的影响因素与使用人群的职业有关,并提出一种方法来利用这些变量来预测城市中区域内电动汽车的充电行为,为管理人员和规划人员在进行优化充电基础设施时提供参考。Larry等[5]研究了充电站的建设状况与电动汽车使用的关系。研究结果显示,用户在考虑购买电动汽车时,会着重考虑充电基础设施建设的情况。可以在停车场内增加充电基础设施的占比,方便电动汽车用户在工作单位、娱乐中心和家庭中使用。另一方面,开发更为智能的电网管理平台和不同时间段电费计价也可以改善电能使用不平衡的状况。Lopez-Behar等[6]研究了在多单元住宅建筑中安装新的充电基础设施所面临的挑战与困难。该团队建立了一个概念框架,研究表明:计费基础结构建设、管理模式、建筑物的布局和停车位的利用会是充电基础设施在普通住宅中普及的最大挑战。
因此,在新能源汽车充电设施建设领域,需要建立一种政府与企业之间良性的合作模式,既能使政策落实,又能使企业获得盈利,以及使新能源汽车使用者不再产生补能焦虑。参考国内其他基础设施建设领域的经验,公私伙伴关系(Public Private Partnership,PPP)合作模式是一种应用较为成功的模式。
新能源汽车保有量与充电设施建设数量比值高,导致用户公共充电困难。根据中国电动汽车充电基础设施促进联盟数据显示,截至2019年底,联盟内成员单位总计公共类充电桩51万余台,2019年1月至12月,月均新增公共类充电桩1.5万余台,2019年12月同比增长55.9%。
近年来,我国的充电基础设施相关产业正在迈入新的发展历程,充电基础设施建设规模逐步扩大,但电动汽车的发展速度相较于充电基础设施的发展却更为快速,电动汽车车主的充电难问题还有待解决。
目前所建设的充电桩都相对集中在大中型城市,新能源汽车电池容量有限,很难满足小城市、农村及欠发达地区的使用需求。当前市场中绝大部分新能源汽车在北方寒冷天气下或多或少出现续驶里程下降问题。因此,用户在购买新能源汽车时,不免会产生里程焦虑,这在一定程度上对新能源汽车的推广产生了阻碍。图1为用户、企业、新能源汽车以及充电设施之间的关系,充电设施的建设不完善,会直接引发新能源汽车产业的恶性循环。
停车场、充电站、住宅性建筑内充电设施车位占比和充电设施的功率分配会影响通勤效率及新能源汽车车主体验。根据区域内新能源汽车的充电使用需求,应用排队论理论模型,得出建立充电车位的最佳目标函数,再考虑充电设施的投资成本,得出最合理结果[7]。区域内汽车充电设施充电难的问题另一方面也体现出单位、社区治理能力不足的一方面。Meyer等[8]认为,单位、社区管理包含许多方面的内容,这些详细的分支会提升区域内居民生活水平。
除电动汽车发展与充电基础设施发展不协调之外,还存在充电基础设施的建设布局不科学,与区域内电动汽车数量不匹配的问题。有的充电基础设施内停车位经常停放燃油汽车,有的充电设施内排满长队,电动汽车车主进行充电需要耗费很长时间,有的区域充电基础设施闲置没有使用,充电基础设施的供需矛盾需要解决[9]
由于新能源汽车近年来才在市场中开始流行,因此其充电设施起步也较晚,还没有形成一套完整的盈利体系。当前充电设施的盈利主要来源于2个方面:
(1)政府财政支持
根据国家财政部、工业和信息化部联合发布的《关于“十三五”新能源汽车充电基础设施奖励政策及加强新能源汽车推广应用的通知》,各省市地区,在充电基础设施建设达到一定推广规模后,就会获得相应的补偿资金。虽然目前政府补贴较为丰厚,但终究不是长久之计[10]
(2)收取新能源汽车用户的充电服务费
用户购买新能源汽车的主要原因之一就是新能源汽车补充能源价格低廉,这就使得盈利与推广之间产生矛盾。加之当前政策红利下,许多中小型企业纷纷加入该领域,为了在同行竞争中扩大用户规模而不断压低充电价格。因此,充换电企业利润低下、盈利模式单一、运营维护不稳定且回报周期长的问题没有得到妥善解决[11]
除了受到地域、政策、经济发展水平影响,充电基础设施的项目还涉及到许多政府部门、企业协同,协调推进难度较大。
PPP模式就是政府和社会资本合作,该模式是公共基础设施建设中的一种项目运作模式。该模式下政府采取竞争性方式选择具有投资、运营能力的社会资本,由社会资本提供公共产品和服务,政府对项目实施进行绩效评价,双方全程参与项目的建设管理与运营过程,共同完成公共基础设施的建设,最终实现互利共赢[12]
Yang等[13]研究了有关充电基础设施PPP项目在税收方面的相关政策,发现该领域存在立法不完善、公平性不够、个别方面模棱两可、税收刺激政策落后问题。提出要注重充电基础设施PPP项目中的有关税收政策,在有关规定的基础上,细化税收相关的支出分类,以及多层次建设中出台差异化动态税收政策。
Wolbertus等[14]研究了政策制定者在推广电动汽车方面所使用的方法。其中,充电基础设施的管理是最为重要的政策方向。管理政策的不同会对准备购置车辆的用户产生长远影响,而且还会对目前已经使用电动汽车的用户产生一些短期影响。
由于PPP模式在提升公共服务效率、缓解政府财政约束方面的显著优势,在欧美国家得到广泛应用。在2014年正式引入我国后,PPP模式蓬勃发展并对我国基础设施建设起到了积极促进作用。
截至2022年,全国已落地PPP项目1.4万个,投资总额20.9万亿元,以项目公司成立为标识的落地率约77%。PPP模式在一段时期内成为我国稳增长、促改革、调结构、惠民生的重要抓手。
PPP模式主要应用于基础设施领域。根据财政部有关数据,PPP投资项目数量最多的行业为市政工程、交通运输及生态环保。在投资金额上,交通运输业、片区开发由于其较大的单体投资规模而吸收了较多的资金。其余主要投向水利、林业、文化、旅游等行业。
充电设施建设采用PPP模式运营,就是在政府的支持引导下,与社会企业合作,让企业可以更规范地进行项目建设,政府全程进行引导和监管,企业进行具体的项目实施并从中获得利润,最终使其建设的充电设施能够合理满足新能源汽车用户的使用。
项目资金是任何项目建设中最重要的环节,合理的融资项目会对资金需求量、融资成本、资本结构、融资风险等方面进行详细分析。PPP融资模式可以让政府和企业发挥各自的长处。该模式突出特点是公私合作双方权、责、利的不对称性,在新能源汽车充电设施建设项目中,应当加大政府财政投入,从而使其他中小企业与私人投资方得到更大利润空间。该模式下,政府部门可以根据本地具体情况制定相关政策,有效发挥服务职能。企业方主要进行项目的运营,利用自身技术优势进行专业化维护管理,以及行业的市场运营能力来提高项目推进的效率,PPP应用模式如图2所示。
政府有关单位与社会资本的合作是目前国家推广的重要方向之一,目前国内的PPP模式研究尚未成熟,与实践结合的经验不够多。借鉴国外有关基础设施建设领域的理论和实践经验,分析我国充电基础设施与社会资本的运行特点,然后找出影响两者的关键原因,进行优化。
随着国家政策制度的包容性增强、开放性更广,国家财政部门和发展改革委员会等部门PPP项目管理平台的运行,可以让有关政府单位和企业、社会投资者所分配的风险与利润更加合理,一方面使政务的财政负担减小,另一方面能够推动职能部门在基础设施建设领域更加优化[15]
(1)有关职能部门加大政策支持
目前国务院针对新能源汽车充电设施建设已经出台若干政策,但各级地方政府受经济发展水平不同、新能源汽车保有量不同等诸多因素影响而需要不同政策进行支持。根据PPP项目应用于其他基建领域的案例,成功应用PPP项目的重要基础就是具有一个诚信可靠的市场环境,但是一切稳定可靠的市场环境必须是由完备的法律进行保障。
(2)放宽企业对项目运营的自主权
市场中的运营领域龙头企业往往能够做到有效连接客户需求、开拓价值市场,成为推动行业发展的主导企业。并且龙头企业具有规模化效应,通过技术手段能够有效提升充电设施的利用率,进一步增强运营能力。项目的价值链从上游设备逐步向运营领域转移,而运营领域的行业龙头具备较高的投资价值。通过物联网平台对资源进行整合,提高充电桩的使用效率,提升行业的价值导向。
(3)建立新能源汽车服务平台
开展多方向、多领域的汽车服务,拓宽项目回报渠道。充电基础设施在互联网的帮助下能够达到利用率的最大化。在保证充电设施基本功能完善的前提下,应当重视新能源汽车智能服务平台一体化建设,同时该平台要满足国家相关部门的监管要求。一体化建设服务内容可以包括预约充电、状态查询、新能源汽车维护保养和文娱项目。
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
国务院. 国务院办公厅关于印发新能源汽车产业发展规划(2021—2035年)的通知[EB/OL]. ( 2020-11-02)[2023-08-15]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2020-11/02/content_5556716.htm. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2020-11/02/content_5556716.htm
[2]
魏兵兵. 探讨如何解决电动汽车充电桩充电技术难题[J]. 中国设备工程, 2020(18): 243-244.
[3]
DAVIES H, SANTOS G, FAYE I, et al. Establishing the Transferability of Best Practice in EV Policy Across EU Borders[J]. Transportation Research Procedia, 2016(14): 2574-2583.
[4]
WOLBERTUS R, KROESEN M, ROBERT V, et al. Fully Charged: An Empirical Study into the Factors That Influence Connection Times at EV-Charging Stations[J]. Energy Policy, 2018, 123(12): 1-7.
[5]
ERICKSON L E, BURKEY A, MORRISSEY K, et al. Social, Economic, Technological, and Environmental Impacts of the Development and Implementation of Solar-Powered Charge Stations[J]. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy, 2016, 34(6): 1808-1813.
[6]
LOPEZ-BEHAR D, TRAN M, MAYAUD J R, et al. Putting Electric Vehicles on the Map: A Policy Agenda for Residential Charging Infrastructure in Canada[J]. Energy Research & Social Science, 2019, 50(4): 29-37.
[7]
史广宇. 基于数据驱动的电动汽车充电基础设施规划方法研究[D]. 北京: 北京交通大学, 2021.
[8]
MEYER N, AURIACOMBE C. Good urban governance and city resilicance: An afrocentric approach to sustainable development[J]. Sustainability, 2019, 11(19): 5514.
[9]
廖亚男. 政府与社会资本合作(PPP)的充电基础设施供给问题研究[D]. 西安: 西北大学, 2021.
[10]
岳为众, 张晶, 刘颖琦. 产业政策与市场表现关联研究[J]. 经济管理研究, 2019, 40(2): 82-94.
[11]
陈卓. 基于Eviews计量经济学模型下新能源汽车充电桩问题的研究[J]. 商业经济, 2021(9): 148-150.
[12]
石淞宇, 郭彦. PPP模式下新能源汽车充电设施建设领域的探索研究[J]. 商业经济, 2021(11): 70-74+114.
[13]
YANG T, LONG R Y, LI W B. Suggestion on Tax Policy for Promoting the PPP Projects of Charging Infrastructure in China[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018, 174(2): 133-138.
[14]
WOLBERTUS R, KROESEN M, HOED R, et al. Policy Effects on Charging Behaviour of Electric Vehicle Owners and On Purchase Intentions of Prospective Owners: Natural and stated choice experiments[J]. Transportation Research Part D, 2018, 62(7): 283-297.
[15]
杨彤. 充电基础设施政府和社会资本合作供给的影响因素及其博弈研究[D]. 北京: 中国矿业大学, 2018.
2023年第卷第10期
PDF下载
107
42
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20230021
  • 首发时间:2026-01-04
  • 出版时间:2023-10-05
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
基金
作者信息
    新疆职业大学机械电子工程学院, 乌鲁木齐 830013
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcwz/CN/10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20230021
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏