Article(id=1214642692022260196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, issueId=1214642691254698493, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20220156, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1767522984748, onlineDateStr=2026-01-04, pubDate=1693843200000, pubDateStr=2023-09-05, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1767522984748, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-04, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1767522984748, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767522984748, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1214642691254698493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, year='2023', volume='', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='62', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1767522984564, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767523286321, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1214643956953043732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, issueId=1214642691254698493, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1214643956953043733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, issueId=1214642691254698493, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=28, endPage=35, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1214642692265529829, articleId=1214642692022260196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, language=EN, title=Analysis and Optimization of Power Battery Reliability for New Energy Vehicles, columnId=1214642691929981439, journalTitle=Automotive Digest, columnName=Special Topic on Technologies of Intelligent and Connected NEVs, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to ensure the safe development of New Energy Vehicle(NEV), an in-depth study is conducted on the power batteries to effectively identify the main causes of battery failure and put forward targeted suggestions. Firstly, the main categories of power battery failure are analyzed and a power battery fault tree is established based on the fault tree by combining 16 existing domestic standards. Secondly, based on the hierarchical analysis method, a power battery fault hierarchy analysis model is constructed and the weights of each index are determined by the expert survey method. Finally, the optimization suggestions for the power battery are made according to the calculation results. The article intends to provide theoretical basis and guidance suggestions for the development of power battery reliability design of new energy vehicles.

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为保证新能源汽车安全发展,针对其关键部件动力电池展开深入研究,对导致电池故障主要原因进行有效识别,针对性提出优化建议,提高其可靠性。首先,分析动力电池故障主要类别,结合16项国内现行标准规范,基于故障树分析法建立动力电池故障树;其次,基于层次分析法构建动力电池故障层次分析模型,通过专家调查法确定各指标权重;最后,根据计算结果对动力电池提出优化建议,为新能源汽车动力电池可靠性发展提供理论依据和指导建议。

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杨梦华(1998-),女,青岛理工大学,在读研究生,研究方向为新能源汽车安全评估与防控。E-mail:

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杨梦华(1998-),女,青岛理工大学,在读研究生,研究方向为新能源汽车安全评估与防控。E-mail:

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杨梦华(1998-),女,青岛理工大学,在读研究生,研究方向为新能源汽车安全评估与防控。E-mail:

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(2015-05-15)[2011-12-30]. https://openstd.samr.gov.cn/bzgk/gb/newGbInfo?hcno=C6710DC541FB39A797587D74805D7425., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215266558935482468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642692022260196, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://openstd.samr.gov.cn/bzgk/gb/newGbInfo?hcno=649BA022374AF0C35EF13CFB826CD106, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=18, authorNames=工业和信息化部, journalName=电动汽车用动力蓄电池产品规格尺寸: GB/T 34013—2017, refType=null, unstructuredReference=工业和信息化部. 电动汽车用动力蓄电池产品规格尺寸: GB/T 34013—2017[S/OL]. 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(2021-04-01)[2022-12-30]. https://openstd.samr.gov.cn/bzgk/gb/newGbInfo?hcno=EB5445600F59AB45DC4710536828F491., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215266560625786992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642692022260196, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://openstd.samr.gov.cn/bzgk/gb/newGbInfo?hcno=35BC7023D251C45AE637719C9DF15915, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=25, authorNames=工业和信息化部, journalName=电动汽车用电池管理系统功能安全要求及试验方法: GB/T 39086—2020, refType=null, unstructuredReference=工业和信息化部. 电动汽车用电池管理系统功能安全要求及试验方法: GB/T 39086—2020[S/OL]. 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(2021-01-01)[2022-12-30]. https://openstd.samr.gov.cn/bzgk/gb/newGbInfo?hcno=F15853431BDDCCEDD525298F719A9254., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215266560772587636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642692022260196, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://openstd.samr.gov.cn/bzgk/gb/newGbInfo?hcno=36EDFD3B198260E5F46EDB0190A348E2, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=27, authorNames=中国轻工业联合会, journalName=原电池第1部分:总则: GB/T 8897.1—2021, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中国轻工业联合会. 原电池第1部分:总则: GB/T 8897.1—2021[S/OL].(2021-11-01)[2022-12-30]. https://openstd.samr.gov.cn/bzgk/gb/newGbInfo?hcno=36EDFD3B198260E5F46EDB0190A348E2., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215266560839696502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642692022260196, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://openstd.samr.gov.cn/bzgk/gb/newGbInfo?hcno=DB3ACC49AC4A146FAA311BB468ACA290, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=28, authorNames=工业和信息化部, journalName=电动汽车用电池管理系统技术条件: GB/T 38661—2020, refType=null, unstructuredReference=工业和信息化部. 电动汽车用电池管理系统技术条件: GB/T 38661—2020[S/OL]. (2020-10-01)[2022-12-30]. https://openstd.samr.gov.cn/bzgk/gb/newGbInfo?hcno=DB3ACC49AC4A146FAA311BB468ACA290., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215266560919388280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642692022260196, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://openstd.samr.gov.cn/bzgk/gb/newGbInfo?hcno=204FA59652CCDD2266765845133699E6, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=29, authorNames=中国电器工业协会, journalName=电力变压器冷却系统PLC控制装置技术要求: GB/T 37761—2019, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中国电器工业协会. 电力变压器冷却系统PLC控制装置技术要求: GB/T 37761—2019[S/OL].(2020-01-01)[2022-12-30]. https://openstd.samr.gov.cn/bzgk/gb/newGbInfo?hcno=204FA59652CCDD2266765845133699E6., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215266560982302842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642692022260196, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=10, pageStart=37, pageEnd=39, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=30, authorNames=李雅荣, 加克·乌云才次克, 张雷, journalName=汽车实用技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李雅荣, 加克·乌云才次克, 张雷. 纯电动汽车动力系统故障树[J]. 汽车实用技术, 2020(10): 37-39., articleTitle=纯电动汽车动力系统故障树, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1215266552014881677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642692022260196, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215266552019075982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642692022260196, companyId=1215266552014881677, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215266552027464591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642692022260196, companyId=1215266552014881677, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=青岛理工大学机械与汽车工程学院, 青岛 266520)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1215266553524831179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642692022260196, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=O3cQpuz2SXQDRcYxTkI3Gg==, figureFileBig=c6IgRyt9w3u1EojHfZjKGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215266553608717263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642692022260196, language=CN, label=图1, caption=动力电池故障树, figureFileSmall=O3cQpuz2SXQDRcYxTkI3Gg==, figureFileBig=c6IgRyt9w3u1EojHfZjKGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215266553721963479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642692022260196, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=kqjpqUy0sTsq+xWWgoTHSA==, figureFileBig=ZY6qCvudYtS4b4wq+1O46g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215266553805849562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642692022260196, language=CN, label=图2, caption=动力电池故障层次分析模型, figureFileSmall=kqjpqUy0sTsq+xWWgoTHSA==, figureFileBig=ZY6qCvudYtS4b4wq+1O46g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215266553893929950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642692022260196, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 时间 地点 车型 事故现象 事故原因
1 2012年5月 深圳 比亚迪E6 行驶过程中发生碰撞,起火 碰撞
2 2013年10月 美国 特斯拉Model S 行驶过程中发生碰撞,起火 碰撞,电池故障
3 2013年11月 美国 特斯拉Model S 行驶过程中,自燃 电池故障
4 2014年2月 加拿大 特斯拉Model S 静置过程中,自燃 自燃
5 2014年7月 美国 特斯拉Model S 撞上路边灯柱,发生起火 碰撞
6 2015年4月 深圳 五洲龙A10 充电期间,突然起火 充电故障
7 2015年11月 深圳 比亚迪E6 行驶过程中发生碰撞,起火 碰撞
8 2016年1月 挪威 特斯拉Model S 充电期间,突然起火 充电故障
9 2016年9月 荷兰 特斯拉Model S 撞上路边树木,突然起火 碰撞
10 2017年2月 广州 特斯拉Model X 行驶过程中发生碰撞,起火 碰撞
11 2018年1月 重庆 特斯拉Model S 未充电、未碰撞,自燃 电池故障
12 2018年8月 广州 力帆650EV 静置路边,自燃 电池浸水故障
13 2019年3月 深圳 北汽威旺407 充电期间,突然燃烧 充电故障
14 2019年8月 杭州 众泰云100 静置期间,起火燃烧 电池碰撞故障
15 2020年4月 深圳 陆地方舟Z3 充电期间,突然自燃 充电故障
16 2020年5月 杭州 理想ONE 静置期间,突然自燃 电池短路故障
17 2021年5月 江苏 长安奔奔EV 行驶过程中发生碰撞,起火 碰撞
18 2021年11月 北京 比亚迪秦Pro EV 充电期间,突然自燃 充电故障
19 2022年3月 深圳 小鹏G3 静置期间,突然自燃 自燃
), ArticleFig(id=1215266554002981859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642692022260196, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2012—2022年新能源汽车典型事故

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 时间 地点 车型 事故现象 事故原因
1 2012年5月 深圳 比亚迪E6 行驶过程中发生碰撞,起火 碰撞
2 2013年10月 美国 特斯拉Model S 行驶过程中发生碰撞,起火 碰撞,电池故障
3 2013年11月 美国 特斯拉Model S 行驶过程中,自燃 电池故障
4 2014年2月 加拿大 特斯拉Model S 静置过程中,自燃 自燃
5 2014年7月 美国 特斯拉Model S 撞上路边灯柱,发生起火 碰撞
6 2015年4月 深圳 五洲龙A10 充电期间,突然起火 充电故障
7 2015年11月 深圳 比亚迪E6 行驶过程中发生碰撞,起火 碰撞
8 2016年1月 挪威 特斯拉Model S 充电期间,突然起火 充电故障
9 2016年9月 荷兰 特斯拉Model S 撞上路边树木,突然起火 碰撞
10 2017年2月 广州 特斯拉Model X 行驶过程中发生碰撞,起火 碰撞
11 2018年1月 重庆 特斯拉Model S 未充电、未碰撞,自燃 电池故障
12 2018年8月 广州 力帆650EV 静置路边,自燃 电池浸水故障
13 2019年3月 深圳 北汽威旺407 充电期间,突然燃烧 充电故障
14 2019年8月 杭州 众泰云100 静置期间,起火燃烧 电池碰撞故障
15 2020年4月 深圳 陆地方舟Z3 充电期间,突然自燃 充电故障
16 2020年5月 杭州 理想ONE 静置期间,突然自燃 电池短路故障
17 2021年5月 江苏 长安奔奔EV 行驶过程中发生碰撞,起火 碰撞
18 2021年11月 北京 比亚迪秦Pro EV 充电期间,突然自燃 充电故障
19 2022年3月 深圳 小鹏G3 静置期间,突然自燃 自燃
), ArticleFig(id=1215266554086867942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642692022260196, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
故障类型 故障表现 分析依据/标准序号和章节 主要原因
过充 当电池完成充电后继续进行充电,无保护或保护不及时引发热失控 (8)8.2 人员操作不当
(8)8.2 电池连接件异常
(12)A.2 充电电流管理失效
(12)A.2 充电电压管理失效
(13)8.2 过充电保护失效
过放 当电池完成放电后继续进行放电,动力电池损坏报废,车辆动力 (10)5.2 低电量提示失效
(12)A.2 放电电压管理失效
(12)A.2 放电电流管理失效
(13)8.2 过放电保护失效
内短路 动力电池正负极意外接触,发生泄漏、泄放、破裂、着火、爆炸等危险 (1)5.1
(2)6.4
(13)8.2
长时间低气压环境下工作
(1)5.1
(2)6.4
(4)6.3
(13)8.2
(15)5.9
振动冲击
(1)5.1
(3)5.2
(4)6.3
电池电容过低
(2)6.4 热冲击
(2)6.5 电池安装不正确
(2)6.5
(13)8.1
挤压
(2)附录B
(14)4.1
电池电路设计不合理
(6)7.4 电池制备工艺存在
缺陷
(13)8.2 过流保护失效
外短路 电池受到外部因素干扰,导致过热、破裂、着火、爆炸等危险 (2)6.5
(7)8.1
(11)B.3
(10)5.4
撞击或碰撞
(6)7.4
(7)8.1
(10)6.3
(13)8.2
浸水
(13)8.2 外部短路保护失效
过热 当电池温度超过预期后持续升高,无保护或保护不及时引发泄漏、泄放、爆炸、起火等危险 (2)6.4 热滥用
(10)5.2 热事件报警失效
(12)A.2 充电温度管理失效
(12)A.2 放电温度管理失效
(13)8.1,8.2
(15)5.9
环境温度过高
(13)8.2 过热防护失效
热失控 电池放热连锁反应导致温度不可控地上升,进而导致起火、冒烟、爆炸等危险,释放大量有毒、有害气体 (12)6.2 电池单体过充电
(12)6.2 电池单体过放电后
充电
(12)6.2 电池单体过热
(12)6.2 动力电池系统过热
传感器失效 影响数据信号采集准确性 (15)5.10,6.8
(16)4.13
传导干扰
(15)5.10,6.8
(16)4.13
辐射干扰
(15)5.10,6.8
(16)4.13
静电干扰
(15)5.9,6.7 环境异常
连接失效 电池出现虚接情况,充电或放电出现异常 (6)7.4 通信网络接口协议
异常
(8)5,6
(9)4.1
充换电设备设施异常
(8)7,8
(9)8.1
人员操作异常,处理不规范
(10)5.1 连接器异常
冷却系统失效 无法将电池内部产生的热量及时散出,引发热失控等危险 (16)4.6 监控或告警系统异常
(16)4.11 冷却器启动异常
(16)6.2 环境异常
(16)6.2 碰撞等导致机械性能异常
(16)6.2 电源异常无法正常通电
消防措施不及时 电池发生故障时未及时采取消防措施,危险进一步扩大 (8)7.6 人员安全及消防意识不到位
(8)7.6 未定期开展安全检查工作
(8)7.6 消防设施不健全或
无法使用
(8)7.6 应急措施采取不当
(11)B.2 报警装置异常未启动
), ArticleFig(id=1215266554179142632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642692022260196, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

动力电池故障原因分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
故障类型 故障表现 分析依据/标准序号和章节 主要原因
过充 当电池完成充电后继续进行充电,无保护或保护不及时引发热失控 (8)8.2 人员操作不当
(8)8.2 电池连接件异常
(12)A.2 充电电流管理失效
(12)A.2 充电电压管理失效
(13)8.2 过充电保护失效
过放 当电池完成放电后继续进行放电,动力电池损坏报废,车辆动力 (10)5.2 低电量提示失效
(12)A.2 放电电压管理失效
(12)A.2 放电电流管理失效
(13)8.2 过放电保护失效
内短路 动力电池正负极意外接触,发生泄漏、泄放、破裂、着火、爆炸等危险 (1)5.1
(2)6.4
(13)8.2
长时间低气压环境下工作
(1)5.1
(2)6.4
(4)6.3
(13)8.2
(15)5.9
振动冲击
(1)5.1
(3)5.2
(4)6.3
电池电容过低
(2)6.4 热冲击
(2)6.5 电池安装不正确
(2)6.5
(13)8.1
挤压
(2)附录B
(14)4.1
电池电路设计不合理
(6)7.4 电池制备工艺存在
缺陷
(13)8.2 过流保护失效
外短路 电池受到外部因素干扰,导致过热、破裂、着火、爆炸等危险 (2)6.5
(7)8.1
(11)B.3
(10)5.4
撞击或碰撞
(6)7.4
(7)8.1
(10)6.3
(13)8.2
浸水
(13)8.2 外部短路保护失效
过热 当电池温度超过预期后持续升高,无保护或保护不及时引发泄漏、泄放、爆炸、起火等危险 (2)6.4 热滥用
(10)5.2 热事件报警失效
(12)A.2 充电温度管理失效
(12)A.2 放电温度管理失效
(13)8.1,8.2
(15)5.9
环境温度过高
(13)8.2 过热防护失效
热失控 电池放热连锁反应导致温度不可控地上升,进而导致起火、冒烟、爆炸等危险,释放大量有毒、有害气体 (12)6.2 电池单体过充电
(12)6.2 电池单体过放电后
充电
(12)6.2 电池单体过热
(12)6.2 动力电池系统过热
传感器失效 影响数据信号采集准确性 (15)5.10,6.8
(16)4.13
传导干扰
(15)5.10,6.8
(16)4.13
辐射干扰
(15)5.10,6.8
(16)4.13
静电干扰
(15)5.9,6.7 环境异常
连接失效 电池出现虚接情况,充电或放电出现异常 (6)7.4 通信网络接口协议
异常
(8)5,6
(9)4.1
充换电设备设施异常
(8)7,8
(9)8.1
人员操作异常,处理不规范
(10)5.1 连接器异常
冷却系统失效 无法将电池内部产生的热量及时散出,引发热失控等危险 (16)4.6 监控或告警系统异常
(16)4.11 冷却器启动异常
(16)6.2 环境异常
(16)6.2 碰撞等导致机械性能异常
(16)6.2 电源异常无法正常通电
消防措施不及时 电池发生故障时未及时采取消防措施,危险进一步扩大 (8)7.6 人员安全及消防意识不到位
(8)7.6 未定期开展安全检查工作
(8)7.6 消防设施不健全或
无法使用
(8)7.6 应急措施采取不当
(11)B.2 报警装置异常未启动
), ArticleFig(id=1215266554279805930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642692022260196, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
A B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 Wi
B1 1 2 7 9 6 6 5 5 0.338 1
B2 1/2 1 7 9 6 6 5 5 0.287 0
B3 1/7 1/7 1 3 1/4 1/4 1/6 1/5 0.026 4
B4 1/9 1/9 1/3 1 1/5 1/5 1/6 1/5 0.017 7
B5 1/6 1/6 4 5 1 1 1/3 1/3 0.053 8
B6 1/6 1/6 4 5 1 1 1/3 1/3 0.053 8
B7 1/5 1/5 6 6 3 3 1 4 0.134 6
B8 1/5 1/5 5 5 3 3 1/4 1 0.088 6
一致性比例:0.093 6; 对“动力电池故障”的权重:
1.000 0; λmax:8.924 2
), ArticleFig(id=1215266554363692013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642692022260196, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

动力电池故障判断矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
A B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 Wi
B1 1 2 7 9 6 6 5 5 0.338 1
B2 1/2 1 7 9 6 6 5 5 0.287 0
B3 1/7 1/7 1 3 1/4 1/4 1/6 1/5 0.026 4
B4 1/9 1/9 1/3 1 1/5 1/5 1/6 1/5 0.017 7
B5 1/6 1/6 4 5 1 1 1/3 1/3 0.053 8
B6 1/6 1/6 4 5 1 1 1/3 1/3 0.053 8
B7 1/5 1/5 6 6 3 3 1 4 0.134 6
B8 1/5 1/5 5 5 3 3 1/4 1 0.088 6
一致性比例:0.093 6; 对“动力电池故障”的权重:
1.000 0; λmax:8.924 2
), ArticleFig(id=1215266554481132529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642692022260196, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
B1 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 Wi
C11 1 1/7 1/4 1/5 3 4 4 7 1/2 0.075 6
C12 7 1 2 1/3 4 6 8 6 4 0.224 7
C13 4 1/2 1 1/4 4 6 6 7 4 0.167 8
C14 5 3 4 1 4 6 7 7 5 0.316 3
C15 1/3 1/4 1/4 1/4 1 3 1/2 4 1/4 0.043 6
C16 1/4 1/6 1/6 1/6 1/3 1 1/2 1 1/5 0.022 8
C17 1/4 1/8 1/6 1/7 2 2 1 1 1/4 0.032 7
C18 1/7 1/6 1/7 1/7 1/4 1 1 1 1/6 0.021 9
C19 2 1/4 1/4 1/5 4 5 4 6 1 0.094 5
一致性比例:0.097 0; 对“动力电池故障”的权重:0.338 1;
λmax:10.133 5
), ArticleFig(id=1215266554594378737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642692022260196, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

内短路故障判断矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
B1 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 Wi
C11 1 1/7 1/4 1/5 3 4 4 7 1/2 0.075 6
C12 7 1 2 1/3 4 6 8 6 4 0.224 7
C13 4 1/2 1 1/4 4 6 6 7 4 0.167 8
C14 5 3 4 1 4 6 7 7 5 0.316 3
C15 1/3 1/4 1/4 1/4 1 3 1/2 4 1/4 0.043 6
C16 1/4 1/6 1/6 1/6 1/3 1 1/2 1 1/5 0.022 8
C17 1/4 1/8 1/6 1/7 2 2 1 1 1/4 0.032 7
C18 1/7 1/6 1/7 1/7 1/4 1 1 1 1/6 0.021 9
C19 2 1/4 1/4 1/5 4 5 4 6 1 0.094 5
一致性比例:0.097 0; 对“动力电池故障”的权重:0.338 1;
λmax:10.133 5
), ArticleFig(id=1215266554695042037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642692022260196, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
B2 C21 C22 C23 Wi
C21 1 3 8 0.652 7
C22 1/3 1 6 0.285 1
C23 1/8 1/6 1 0.062 3
一致性比例:0.070 7; 对“动力电池故障”的权重:0.287 0; λmax:3.073 5
), ArticleFig(id=1215266555974304762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642692022260196, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

外短路故障判断矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
B2 C21 C22 C23 Wi
C21 1 3 8 0.652 7
C22 1/3 1 6 0.285 1
C23 1/8 1/6 1 0.062 3
一致性比例:0.070 7; 对“动力电池故障”的权重:0.287 0; λmax:3.073 5
), ArticleFig(id=1215266556049802238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642692022260196, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
B3 C31 C32 C33 C34 C35 Wi
C31 1 6 4 4 4 0.498 8
C32 1/6 1 1/4 1/4 1/5 0.044 6
C33 1/4 4 1 1 1/2 0.126 6
C34 1/4 4 1 1 1/2 0.126 6
C35 1/4 5 2 2 1 0.203 4
一致性比例:0.044 1;对“动力电池故障”的权重:0.026 4;
λmax:5.197 5
), ArticleFig(id=1215266556116911105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642692022260196, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

过放故障判断矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
B3 C31 C32 C33 C34 C35 Wi
C31 1 6 4 4 4 0.498 8
C32 1/6 1 1/4 1/4 1/5 0.044 6
C33 1/4 4 1 1 1/2 0.126 6
C34 1/4 4 1 1 1/2 0.126 6
C35 1/4 5 2 2 1 0.203 4
一致性比例:0.044 1;对“动力电池故障”的权重:0.026 4;
λmax:5.197 5
), ArticleFig(id=1215266556188213251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642692022260196, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
B4 C41 C42 C43 C44 Wi
C41 1 1/3 1/3 3 0.159 1
C42 3 1 1/2 4 0.323 5
C43 3 2 1 3 0.431 0
C44 1/3 1/4 1/3 1 0.086 5
一致性比例:0.078 9; 对“动力电池故障”的权重:0.017 7; λmax:4.2106
), ArticleFig(id=1215266556276293639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642692022260196, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

连接故障判断矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
B4 C41 C42 C43 C44 Wi
C41 1 1/3 1/3 3 0.159 1
C42 3 1 1/2 4 0.323 5
C43 3 2 1 3 0.431 0
C44 1/3 1/4 1/3 1 0.086 5
一致性比例:0.078 9; 对“动力电池故障”的权重:0.017 7; λmax:4.2106
), ArticleFig(id=1215266556372762638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642692022260196, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
B5 C51 C52 C53 C54 C55 Wi
C51 1 5 1/4 2 2 0.184 6
C52 1/5 1 1/8 1/3 1/3 0.041 7
C53 4 8 1 6 5 0.543 6
C54 1/2 3 1/6 1 4 0.14 7
C55 1/2 3 1/5 1/4 1 0.083 2
一致性比例:0.080 2; 对“动力电池故障”的权重:0.053 8; λmax:5.359 1
), ArticleFig(id=1215266556469231633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642692022260196, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

冷却系统故障判断矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
B5 C51 C52 C53 C54 C55 Wi
C51 1 5 1/4 2 2 0.184 6
C52 1/5 1 1/8 1/3 1/3 0.041 7
C53 4 8 1 6 5 0.543 6
C54 1/2 3 1/6 1 4 0.14 7
C55 1/2 3 1/5 1/4 1 0.083 2
一致性比例:0.080 2; 对“动力电池故障”的权重:0.053 8; λmax:5.359 1
), ArticleFig(id=1215266556557312021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642692022260196, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
B6 C61 C62 C63 C64 C65 Wi
C61 1 2 1/3 3 1/6 0.114 5
C62 1/2 1 1/3 3 1/4 0.094 2
C63 3 3 1 5 1/4 0.229 9
C64 1/3 1/3 1/5 1 1/5 0.049 9
C65 6 4 4 5 1 0.511 5
一致性比例:0.081 7; 对“动力电池故障”的权重:0.053 8; λmax:5.366 1
), ArticleFig(id=1215266556645392412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642692022260196, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

消防故障判断矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
B6 C61 C62 C63 C64 C65 Wi
C61 1 2 1/3 3 1/6 0.114 5
C62 1/2 1 1/3 3 1/4 0.094 2
C63 3 3 1 5 1/4 0.229 9
C64 1/3 1/3 1/5 1 1/5 0.049 9
C65 6 4 4 5 1 0.511 5
一致性比例:0.081 7; 对“动力电池故障”的权重:0.053 8; λmax:5.366 1
), ArticleFig(id=1215266556729278494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642692022260196, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
B7 C71 C72 C73 C74 C75 Wi
C71 1 4 2 3 2 0.354 8
C72 1/4 1 1/4 1/4 1/5 0.051 4
C73 1/2 4 1 1 1/4 0.138 7
C74 1/3 4 1 1 1/3 0.132 6
C75 1/2 5 4 3 1 0.322 5
一致性比例:0.066 9; 对“动力电池故障”的权重:0.134 6; λmax:5.299 9
), ArticleFig(id=1215266556838330400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642692022260196, language=CN, label=表10, caption=

过充故障判断矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
B7 C71 C72 C73 C74 C75 Wi
C71 1 4 2 3 2 0.354 8
C72 1/4 1 1/4 1/4 1/5 0.051 4
C73 1/2 4 1 1 1/4 0.138 7
C74 1/3 4 1 1 1/3 0.132 6
C75 1/2 5 4 3 1 0.322 5
一致性比例:0.066 9; 对“动力电池故障”的权重:0.134 6; λmax:5.299 9
), ArticleFig(id=1215266556922216487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642692022260196, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
B8 C81 C82 C83 C84 C85 Wi
C81 1 5 4 4 3 0.471 1
C82 1/5 1 1/3 1/3 1/5 0.053 9
C83 1/4 3 1 1 1/2 0.125 2
C84 1/4 3 1 1 1/2 0.125 2
C85 1/3 5 2 2 1 0.224 6
一致性比例:0.028 8; 对“动力电池故障”的权重:0.088 6; λmax:5.129 1
), ArticleFig(id=1215266557010296872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642692022260196, language=CN, label=表11, caption=

过热故障判断矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
B8 C81 C82 C83 C84 C85 Wi
C81 1 5 4 4 3 0.471 1
C82 1/5 1 1/3 1/3 1/5 0.053 9
C83 1/4 3 1 1 1/2 0.125 2
C84 1/4 3 1 1 1/2 0.125 2
C85 1/3 5 2 2 1 0.224 6
一致性比例:0.028 8; 对“动力电池故障”的权重:0.088 6; λmax:5.129 1
), ArticleFig(id=1215266557119348778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642692022260196, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
影响因素 具体指标 指标权重 因素
权重
“人” 人员操作不当 0.072 6 0.081 0
人员安全意识不强 0.010 7
“机” 特殊事件 0.546 1 0.846 5
电池管理系统失效 0.074 0
故障保护失效 0.110 5
报警装置失效 0.021 4
其他设备故障 0.094 5
“环” 环境异常 0.054 4 0.054 4
“管” 安全监察不到位 0.003 0 0.015 8
应急管理不到位 0.012 8
), ArticleFig(id=1215266557211623472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214642692022260196, language=CN, label=表12, caption=

动力电池故障指标权重

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
影响因素 具体指标 指标权重 因素
权重
“人” 人员操作不当 0.072 6 0.081 0
人员安全意识不强 0.010 7
“机” 特殊事件 0.546 1 0.846 5
电池管理系统失效 0.074 0
故障保护失效 0.110 5
报警装置失效 0.021 4
其他设备故障 0.094 5
“环” 环境异常 0.054 4 0.054 4
“管” 安全监察不到位 0.003 0 0.015 8
应急管理不到位 0.012 8
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新能源汽车动力电池可靠性分析及优化
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汽车文摘 | 智能网联新能源汽车技术专题 2023,(9): 28-35
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汽车文摘 | 智能网联新能源汽车技术专题 2023, (9): 28-35
新能源汽车动力电池可靠性分析及优化
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杨梦华
作者信息
  • 青岛理工大学机械与汽车工程学院, 青岛 266520
  • 杨梦华(1998-),女,青岛理工大学,在读研究生,研究方向为新能源汽车安全评估与防控。E-mail:

Analysis and Optimization of Power Battery Reliability for New Energy Vehicles
Menghua Yang
Affiliations
  • School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520
出版时间: 2023-09-05 doi: 10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20220156
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为保证新能源汽车安全发展,针对其关键部件动力电池展开深入研究,对导致电池故障主要原因进行有效识别,针对性提出优化建议,提高其可靠性。首先,分析动力电池故障主要类别,结合16项国内现行标准规范,基于故障树分析法建立动力电池故障树;其次,基于层次分析法构建动力电池故障层次分析模型,通过专家调查法确定各指标权重;最后,根据计算结果对动力电池提出优化建议,为新能源汽车动力电池可靠性发展提供理论依据和指导建议。

新能源汽车  /  动力电池  /  故障树分析法  /  层次分析法  /  可靠性

In order to ensure the safe development of New Energy Vehicle(NEV), an in-depth study is conducted on the power batteries to effectively identify the main causes of battery failure and put forward targeted suggestions. Firstly, the main categories of power battery failure are analyzed and a power battery fault tree is established based on the fault tree by combining 16 existing domestic standards. Secondly, based on the hierarchical analysis method, a power battery fault hierarchy analysis model is constructed and the weights of each index are determined by the expert survey method. Finally, the optimization suggestions for the power battery are made according to the calculation results. The article intends to provide theoretical basis and guidance suggestions for the development of power battery reliability design of new energy vehicles.

New Energy Vehicles (NEV)  /  Power Battery  /  FTA  /  AHP  /  Reliability
杨梦华. 新能源汽车动力电池可靠性分析及优化. 汽车文摘, 2023 , (9) : 28 -35 . DOI: 10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20220156
Menghua Yang. Analysis and Optimization of Power Battery Reliability for New Energy Vehicles[J]. Automotive Digest, 2023 , (9) : 28 -35 . DOI: 10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20220156
在低碳化、信息化、智能化的发展背景下,我国新能源汽车产业蓬勃发展。2020年10月,中国汽车工程学会牵头编制的《节能与新能源汽车技术路线图2.0》,对未来发展指明了新的方向[1]。然而,电池问题仍是新能源汽车起火爆炸事故的主要原因,安全技术矛盾逐渐突出[2]。如何准确评价动力电池的安全现状,避免因电池故障导致安全事故发生,对推动新能源汽车安全具有重要意义。
目前,针对动力电池组故障研究较少,多数故障诊断方法基于硬件冗余和模型。Gu等[3]基于径向基函数(Radial Basis Function, RBF)神经网络设计出多种故障诊断系统,Xia等[4]基于随机反向搜索(Randomized Backward Search, RBS)神经网络和反向传播(Back Propagation, BP)神经网络设计出一种获得故障诊断结果的方法,但未形成一套完整的故障诊断技术,且较少结合现行国家标准考虑动力电池外的影响因素。
因此,本文结合国内现行标准对动力电池进行可靠性分析,并结合分析结果提出针对性措施,对新能源汽车安全可靠发展提供参考依据。
随着新能源汽车保有量的持续增加,因动力电池模块导致的事故逐年上升[5],部分典型事故如表1所示。
从典型事故案例分析得出,电池故障是新能源汽车火灾事故的主要原因之一。为此,从电池自身及外部件分析其典型故障类型。
(1)过充故障
在充电过程中,由于充电故障或动力电池管理系统异常,导致部分电池单体处于过充状态,内部化学反应累积损耗,电池组热管理失控,产气量积聚,进而导致事故发生[6]
(2)过放故障
当动力电池管理系统设计不合理、使用年限过长、电池组各模块间电流不均衡的特殊情况下,电池达到放电截止电压时未停止放电,且自放电速率持续增加,容量发生损耗或出现热稳定失衡状态,进而影响电池使用耐受性[7]
(3)内短路故障
在电池制造过程中工艺不当,电极表面不光滑,导致隔膜刺破;或使用过程中电池受到高温、冲击等影响,造成隔膜失效[8],都会导致动力电池正负极意外接触。据试验数据显示,高容量电池内短路风险更高[9]
(4)外短路故障
当动力电池受到碰撞、浸水、泄露情况都会造成外短路现象[10]发生。由于外短路过程中外部负载电阻过小,瞬间电流过大,电池单体放热剧烈,产生的热量传播到周围单体,引发热失控现象[11]
(5)过热故障
当过充、过放、短路、冷却系统失常故障发生时,电池会出现温度异常,阻抗增加,循环寿命减少,温度持续升高会增加热失控风险[12],甚至发生燃烧爆炸事故。
(6)热失控故障
动力电池长期使用造成老化及突发事件可能会造成热失控事故发生。热失控诱因主要包括机械滥用、电滥用、热滥用3种[13]。热失控状态下,动力电池内部副反应持续发生,释放大量热和气体,同时形成链式反应影响整车安全性能。
(1)传感器故障
依靠灵敏的传感器可采集到可靠的电流、电压、温度数据,其中电流传感器故障会直接影响SOC和多状态估计的准确性[14],温度和电压传感器故障会导致热管理失控或均衡误差。
(2)电池连接件故障
随着车辆驾驶使用和外界工况复杂变化,电池端子之间的连接可能会松动或被腐蚀,进而导致连接故障。当电池间出现虚接情况,电池输出功率会出现不足,电阻增加并导致焦耳热失控,进而造成安全事故。
(3)冷却系统故障
动力电池通过冷却系统及时散出电池反应产生的热量,如果冷却系统故障,无法及时将电池内部产热散出,导致电池无法在正常温度范围内运行,当电池单体温度达到危险临界点时,会引发副反应连锁进行,导致热失控,进而引发燃烧爆炸事故。
结合现行国家标准,总结动力电池故障原因技术(Fast Technology for Analysis, FTA)分析可能导致动力电池故障的主要原因,本文依据的具体标准如下,具体事故原因如表2所示。
(1)《锂电池组危险货物危险特性检验安全规范》GB 19521.11—2005[15]
(2)《原电池 第4部分:锂电池的安全要求》GB 8897.4—2008[16]
(3)《电动汽车用动力蓄电池循环寿命要求及及试验方法》GB/T 31484—2015[17]
(4)《电动汽车用动力蓄电池电性能要求及试验方法》GB/T 31486—2015[18]
(5)《电动汽车用动力蓄电池产品规格尺寸》GB/T 34013—2017[19]
(6)《锂离子电池生产设备通用技术要求》GB/T 38331—2019[20]
(7)《电动汽车灾害事故应急救援指南》GB/T 38283—2019[21]
(8)《城市公共设施 电动汽车充换电设施运营管理服务规范》GB/T 37293—2019[22]
(9)《城市公共设施 电动汽车充换电设施安全技术防范系统要求》GB/T 37295—2019[23]
(10)《电动汽车安全要求》GB 18384—2020[24]
(11)《燃料电池电动汽车 安全要求》GB/T 24549—2020[25]
(12)《电动汽车用电池管理系统功能安全要求及试验方法》GB/T 39086—2020[26]
(13)《电动汽车用动力蓄电池安全要求》GB 38031—2020[27]
(14)《原电池 第1部分:总则》GB/T 8897.1—2021[28]
(15)《电动汽车用电池管理系统技术条件》GB/T 38661—2020[29]
(16)《电力变压器冷却系统PLC控制装置技术要求》GB/T 37761—2019[30]
故障树分析[31]是对系统进行可靠性分析的主要方法之一。结合上述动力电池主要故障及其原因构建动力电池故障树,具体如图1所示。
运用层次分析法(Analystic Hierarchy Process, AHP)结合故障分析原因,以动力电池故障为目标层,将下层故障作为准则层,细化原因作为方案层,构建动力电池故障层次分析模型,具体模型如图2所示。
在层次分析模型的基础上,运用两两比较的方法,构造判断矩阵,收集专家打分结果,对指标进行矩阵构造和量化处理,其中,wi表示所求故障的权重值;λmax表示故障判断矩阵的最大特征值。以专家1打分结果为例进行分析,详见表3
通过对动力电池故障判断矩阵计算分析发现,内短路故障所占权重最大,达0.338 1,超过全部故障的33%;外短路故障所占权重次之,达0.287 0,近33%;过充事故所占权重次之,达0.134 6;其余5种故障所占权重之和达0.240 3。结合动力电池故障树分析可知,所占权重最高内短路故障、外短路故障、过充故障3类故障属于热失控故障,因此预防动力电池故障关键在于防止动力电池热失控的发生。
通过对内短路故障判断矩阵计算分析发现,挤压所占权重最大,达0.316 3,近全部故障的33%;振动冲击所占权重次之,达0.224 7,近25%;热冲击所占权重次之,达0.167 8;其余6种故障所占权重之和达0.291 1。结合动力电池故障树分析可知,所占权重最高的挤压、振动冲击、热冲击3类故障属于特殊事件,因此预防内短路故障关键在于防止特殊事件的发生,详见表4
通过对外短路故障判断矩阵计算分析发现,撞击或碰撞所占权重最大,达0.652 7,近全部故障的66%;浸水所占权重次之,达0.285 1,近33%;外部短路保护失效所占权重次之,达0.062 3。结合动力电池故障树分析可知,预防外短路故障关键在于防止撞击事故的发生,详见表5
通过对过放故障判断矩阵计算分析发现,人员放电操作失误所占权重最大,达0.498 8,约占全部故障的50%;过流放电保护失效所占权重次之,达0.203 4,近25%;放电电流与电压管理失效所占权重次之,达0.126 6;低电量提示失效所占权重达0.044 6。结合动力电池故障树分析可知,预防过放故障关键在于加强驾驶员及工作技术人员的充电操作技术,详见表6
通过对连接故障判断矩阵计算分析发现,人员操作异常所占权重最大,达0.431 0,约占全部故障的50%;充换电设备设施异常所占权重次之,达0.323 5,约占33%;其余2种故障所占权重之和达0.245 6。结合动力电池故障树分析可知,预防连接故障关键在于加强工作技术人员的连接操作技术,详见表7
通过对冷却系统故障判断矩阵计算分析发现,碰撞等导致机械性能异常所占权重最大,达0.543 6,超过全部故障的50%;监控或告警系统异常所占权重次之,达0.184 6,约占20%;其余3种故障所占权重之和达0.271 9。结合动力电池故障树分析可知,预防冷却系统故障关键在于防止碰撞事故发生,详见表8
通过对消防故障判断矩阵计算分析发现,应急措施采取不当所占权重最大,达0.511 5,超过全部故障的50%;人员安全及消防意识不到位所占权重次之,达0.229 9,约占25%;其余3种故障所占权重之和达0.258 6。结合动力电池故障树分析可知,预防消防故障关键在于加强应急管理培训,减少应急措施采取不当的情况,详见表9
通过对过充故障判断矩阵计算分析发现,人员充电作业操作不当所占权重最大,达0.354 8,超过全部故障的33%;过充电保护失效所占权重次之,达0.322 5,约占33%;其余3种故障所占权重之和达0.322 7。结合动力电池故障树分析可知,预防过充故障关键在于加强工作技术人员的充电操作技术,详见表10
通过对过热故障判断矩阵计算分析发现,热滥用所占权重最大,达0.471 1,约占全部故障的50%;过热防护失效所占权重次之,达0.224 6,约占33%;其余3种故障所占权重之和达0.304 3。结合动力电池故障树分析可知,预防过热故障关键在于防止热滥用现象的发生,详见表11
综合分析计算5位专家提交的判断矩阵,取各指标平均值作为最终权重,并进行归一化处理。通过对权重更进一步分析发现,影响动力电池故障基础原因可从“人”、“机”、“环”、“管”4方面进一步归纳。综合5位专家打分结果,最终确定指标权重如表12所示。
从影响动力电池故障因素分析,机器因素所占权重高达0.846 5,超过整体的80%;人为因素所占权重次之,达0.081 0。因此要预防动力电池故障要尽量防止机器本身出现故障,避免碰撞、挤压、浸水等特殊事件的发生,提高故障保护性能。
本文基于FTA和AHP对动力电池故障进行深入分析,主要结论如下:
(1)结合2012—2022年典型新能源汽车事故,概况动力电池主要故障类型,利用16项国内外现行标准,深入分析导致故障的主要成因,构建动力电池故障树模型,为动力电池安全研究提供理论依据。
(2)构建动力电池故障层次分析模型,收集专家打分数据,计算各指标权重,明确各故障最危险影响因素,定位内短路故障、外短路故障、过充故障为动力电池安全最薄弱环节。
(3)基于FTA和AHP可靠性分析结果,从“人”、“机”、“环”、“管”4方面提出提高动力电池可靠性的关键在于提高机器本身安全性能。
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2023年第卷第9期
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doi: 10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20220156
  • 首发时间:2026-01-04
  • 出版时间:2023-09-05
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    青岛理工大学机械与汽车工程学院, 青岛 266520
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of
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Genus
种数
Number of
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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