Article(id=1200101317386535433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, issueId=1200101314932863455, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20220033, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764056050868, onlineDateStr=2025-11-25, pubDate=1704384000000, pubDateStr=2024-01-05, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764056050868, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764056050868, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764056050868, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1200101314932863455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, year='2024', volume='', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='62', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764056050284, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764225121473, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200810450981081697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, issueId=1200101314932863455, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200810450981081698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, issueId=1200101314932863455, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=21, endPage=25, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1200101317654970896, articleId=1200101317386535433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, language=EN, title=Research Progress on MEA Frame of Proton Exchange Membrane for Fuel Cell Vehicles, columnId=null, journalTitle=Automotive Digest, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Membrane electrode frames are important part of membrane electrodes. With the development of fuel cells, membrane electrode frames have received increasing attention. The materials used in the current frame are summarized, the structures of the membrane electrode frames are classified according to the number of layers of the frames and packaging method of each frame structure is described. The physical properties of different frame materials are compared, the reasons why Polyethylene Naphthalate Two Formic Acid Glycol ester (PEN) materials has become the mainstream are analyzed, and the durability of different adhesive layers of the frames is tested. The test results show that the pressure sensitive adhesive layer has better durability.

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膜电极边框是膜电极的重要组成部分,随着燃料电池的发展,膜电极边框也越来越受到重视。对目前边框应用的材料进行了总结,将膜电极边框的结构按照使用边框的层数进行了分类,阐述了每种边框结构的封装方式。对边框测试方法进行了综述,对比了不同边框材料的物理性能,分析目前聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN)材料成为主流的原因,并对边框不同胶层的耐久性做了试验。试验结果表明,压敏胶层的耐久性能更好。

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韩凯凯(1994-),就职于东风汽车集团有限公司技术中心,主要从事燃料电池膜电极开发。E-mail:

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韩凯凯(1994-),就职于东风汽车集团有限公司技术中心,主要从事燃料电池膜电极开发。E-mail:

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韩凯凯(1994-),就职于东风汽车集团有限公司技术中心,主要从事燃料电池膜电极开发。E-mail:

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journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1200101317386535433, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=膜电极), Keyword(id=1200145560616402949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1200101317386535433, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=边框), Keyword(id=1200145560700289032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1200101317386535433, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=燃料电池汽车)], refs=[Reference(id=1200145562084409393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1200101317386535433, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=157, issue=11, pageStart=664, pageEnd=674, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=XU L F, MUELLER C D, LI J Q, journalName=Applied Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XU L F, MUELLER C D, LI J Q, et al. 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(2022-03-01)[2023-08-25]. https://www.zhangqiaokeyan.com/patent-detail/06120114015429.html., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200145563179122772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1200101317386535433, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=231, issue=6, pageStart=285, pageEnd=292, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=YE D H, ZHAN Z G, journalName=Journal of Power Sources, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YE D H, ZHAN Z G. A review on the sealing structures of membrane electrode assembly of proton exchange membrane fuel cells[J]. 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薄膜基材 PEN PET
密度/g·cm-3 1.33 1.34
熔点/℃ 265 252
玻璃化转变温度/℃ 118 70
长期使用温度/℃ 100 70
抗拉强度/MPa 74 55
断裂伸长率/% >250 >250
弯曲强度/MPa 93 88
弯曲弹性模量/MPa 2300 2200
冲击强度/J·m-1 30~35 30~35
表面硬度/Shore AM 90 80
), ArticleFig(id=1200145561635618854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1200101317386535433, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2种薄膜基材性能对比[5]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
薄膜基材 PEN PET
密度/g·cm-3 1.33 1.34
熔点/℃ 265 252
玻璃化转变温度/℃ 118 70
长期使用温度/℃ 100 70
抗拉强度/MPa 74 55
断裂伸长率/% >250 >250
弯曲强度/MPa 93 88
弯曲弹性模量/MPa 2300 2200
冲击强度/J·m-1 30~35 30~35
表面硬度/Shore AM 90 80
), ArticleFig(id=1200145561748865065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1200101317386535433, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产品 压敏胶 热熔胶(进口) 热熔胶(国产)
检测项目 要求值 检测值 要求值 检测值 要求值 检测值
样品长度为
25 mm,剥离力/N
600±120 698 800~
1 200
991 800~
1 200
1 010
温度为95 ℃,水煮时间/h >1 000 1 200 >1 000 300~
500
>1 000 700~
800
), ArticleFig(id=1200145561912442923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1200101317386535433, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

压敏胶及热熔胶耐久性检测对比

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产品 压敏胶 热熔胶(进口) 热熔胶(国产)
检测项目 要求值 检测值 要求值 检测值 要求值 检测值
样品长度为
25 mm,剥离力/N
600±120 698 800~
1 200
991 800~
1 200
1 010
温度为95 ℃,水煮时间/h >1 000 1 200 >1 000 300~
500
>1 000 700~
800
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车用质子交换膜燃料电池膜电极边框研究进展
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韩凯凯 , 高佳武 , 赵航
汽车文摘 | 2024,(1): 21-25
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汽车文摘 | 2024, (1): 21-25
车用质子交换膜燃料电池膜电极边框研究进展
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韩凯凯 , 高佳武, 赵航
作者信息
  • 东风汽车集团有限公司技术中心, 武汉 430000
  • 韩凯凯(1994-),就职于东风汽车集团有限公司技术中心,主要从事燃料电池膜电极开发。E-mail:

Research Progress on MEA Frame of Proton Exchange Membrane for Fuel Cell Vehicles
Kaikai Han , Jiawu Gao, Hang Zhao
Affiliations
  • Dong Feng Technology Center, Wuhan 430000
出版时间: 2024-01-05 doi: 10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20220033
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膜电极边框是膜电极的重要组成部分,随着燃料电池的发展,膜电极边框也越来越受到重视。对目前边框应用的材料进行了总结,将膜电极边框的结构按照使用边框的层数进行了分类,阐述了每种边框结构的封装方式。对边框测试方法进行了综述,对比了不同边框材料的物理性能,分析目前聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN)材料成为主流的原因,并对边框不同胶层的耐久性做了试验。试验结果表明,压敏胶层的耐久性能更好。

质子交换膜燃料电池  /  膜电极  /  边框  /  燃料电池汽车

Membrane electrode frames are important part of membrane electrodes. With the development of fuel cells, membrane electrode frames have received increasing attention. The materials used in the current frame are summarized, the structures of the membrane electrode frames are classified according to the number of layers of the frames and packaging method of each frame structure is described. The physical properties of different frame materials are compared, the reasons why Polyethylene Naphthalate Two Formic Acid Glycol ester (PEN) materials has become the mainstream are analyzed, and the durability of different adhesive layers of the frames is tested. The test results show that the pressure sensitive adhesive layer has better durability.

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC)  /  Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA)  /  Frame  /  Fuel cell vehicle
韩凯凯, 高佳武, 赵航. 车用质子交换膜燃料电池膜电极边框研究进展. 汽车文摘, 2024 , (1) : 21 -25 . DOI: 10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20220033
Kaikai Han, Jiawu Gao, Hang Zhao. Research Progress on MEA Frame of Proton Exchange Membrane for Fuel Cell Vehicles[J]. Automotive Digest, 2024 , (1) : 21 -25 . DOI: 10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20220033
缩略语
PEMFC Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
MEA Membrane Electrode Assembly
PEN Polyethylene Naphthalate Two Formic Acid
Glycol ester
PI Polyimide
PPS Polyphenylene Sulphide
PET Polyethylene Terephthalate
GDL Gas Diffusion Layer
CCM Catalyst Coated Membrane
近年来,全球能源危机和环境污染问题日趋严重,世界各国开始大力发展可再生能源。在众多可再生能源中,氢能能量密度高,氢燃料电池反应产物仅为水,氢具有来源广泛的优势而受到广泛关注[1],特别是质子交换膜燃料电池(Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell,PEMFC)的迅速发展,极大地促进了氢能在交通运输业中的应用、示范和推广。质子交换膜燃料电池在效率、功率密度、排放和低温启动性均有优秀表现,被认为具有广阔的发展前景,是下一代车用动力的发展方向之一[2]
边框作为燃料电池核心组件膜电极(Membrane Electrode Assembly, MEA)的组成部分,其主要作用是保护质子交换膜、增强膜电极密封性能[3]、增强膜电极机械性能和防止气体扩散层过度压缩[4]。目前可用于膜电极边框的主要材料有聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(Polyethylene Naphthalate Two Formic Acid Glycol ester,PEN)、聚酰亚胺(Polyimide, PI)、聚苯硫醚(Polyphenylene Sulphide,PPS),其中以PEN树脂最为常用,典型的应用是PEN薄膜。PEN薄膜具有高耐久性和高耐热性特点,丰田公司已经将PEN薄膜用于燃料电池车Mirai。
本文综述当前膜电极边框使用材料、边框结构种类及边框测试表征方法,并结合燃料电池电堆的发展趋势,旨在总结边框材料未来发展方向。
MEA是燃料电池的核心部件,主要由质子交换膜、催化剂、边框组成。边框通常由薄膜基材和胶层组成。目前最常用的两种基材分别是PEN和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(Polyethylene Terephthalate, PET)。表1为2种薄膜基材的物理特性对比。
PEN 独特的分子结构使其具有优异的耐热性能、绝缘性、机械性能及气体阻隔性,是一种综合性能优异的聚酯材料。PEN是一种热塑性高分子材料,其化学结构与PET相似,但PEN 在热、电、光、力学和化学方面性能均优于PET,应用范围更宽更广,是较 PET 更高级的聚酯材料。1948年,化工界首次合成PEN。受合成方法复杂、生产成本高的影响,直到1964年,日本帝人公司率先关注并着手PEN的研发工作。目前,全球生产PEN的主要企业包括日本帝人、日本东丽、日本东洋纺、荷兰M&G、美国Amoco、美国伊斯曼以及韩国SKC等[6]。虽然我国还未实现PEN工业化生产,但预计在未来10年,随着国家科研力量的不断投入,我国对PEN的研究必将取得突破性进展,进而打破国外PEN市场垄断。
边框材料另一个重要的组件为高分子薄膜上的胶层。目前,最常用胶层为传统热熔胶以及新型压敏胶。对于两种胶的性能,目前尚无统一的选择标准。每家膜电极厂商均会根据自身的工艺、产能进行选择。对压敏胶、国产热熔胶、进口热熔胶都需要进行剥离力测试及水煮测试。测试中水煮温度设定为95℃,得到压敏胶及热熔胶水煮耐久性对比数据结果如表2所示。根据数据可知,压敏胶、国产热熔胶和进口热熔胶胶层的剥离力均位于材料要求值之内。而水煮检测的结果表明,压敏胶相对于热熔胶在水煮条件下的耐久性能更好。
膜电极的密封主要依靠边框。在过去的10年里,很多机构发表了大量的边框结构专利[7]。边框一般通过直接接触和粘贴绑定的方式组装在质子交换膜(Proton Exchange Membrane, PEM)活性区域的周围。由于质子交换膜自身机械强度低,边框的存在可保护其不被过度压缩,且与密封圈一起发挥密封作用,即阻止阴阳极之间的气体窜漏及防止气体泄漏至外界环境中。PEMFC 中边框密封件若长期在高温、高湿、强酸性和氟离子存在的工作环境下,容易出现破裂和开胶现象,这将严重降低电池的气密性,影响其正常工作。因此,为提升燃料电池气密性,对 PEMFC中边框密封结构的研究则尤为关键。
根据目前发表的专利,边框的密封结构可以分为以下3种:(1)无边框密封结构;(2)单边框密封结构;(3)双边框密封结构。
在无边框密封结构中,其中质子交换膜的面积大于气体扩散层(Gas Diffusion Layer, GDL),并且质子交换膜延伸到活性区域外,形成整个密封边缘[8]。首先在质子交换膜的边缘会注塑或粘贴一层密封件,这层密封件需要能较好地和膜贴合在一起,且需要具备一定的机械强度和耐热性。图1即为采用此种密封方式的膜电极,由于此种结构密封圈注塑在膜上形成一体化膜电极,因此有利于电堆堆叠及电堆大规模生产,且注塑的密封圈可以有效地防止气体泄漏[9]。但此种密封方式由于无边框,膜电极机械强度低,且对于注塑过程中温度、模具结构参数要求严格,因此注塑成品率较低。
采用此种密封方式的膜电极主要制备方式为在裁切好的边框表面涂胶,粘结催化剂涂布膜(Catalyst Coating Membrane,CCM)并固化。在阴极和阳极气体扩散层上涂胶后,分别粘结在CCM两侧,并通过热压固化后制得膜电极。广州鸿基创能公司[10]发明了一种单边框结构,将催化剂涂布膜一侧与第一气体扩散层粘结形成组合体,然后与第二气体扩散层粘结在膜电极两侧,得到单边框膜电极,如图2所示。
双边框结构[11]图3所示,具体制备工艺为:
(1)在质子交换膜的两侧涂布阳极催化层和阴极催化层,制备出具有3层结构的催化剂涂布膜1。
(2)把催化剂涂布膜1的边缘与两个边框2的边缘通过胶粘剂将层3密封起来。
(3)2层气体扩散层4分别通过胶粘剂层来粘结边框,形成膜电极。
为保证边框材料的在膜电极应用中的优良性能,需对边框材料进行表征,具体需要测试其厚度均匀性、粘结力和耐久性。目前对于膜电极中边框材料的测试表征暂无统一标准,但对边框材料的测试方法可分为2个方面(1)厚度均匀性测试,(2)剥离力测试。
边框厚度均匀性是边框基本物理性能,一般采用测厚仪测试其厚度并计算厚度均匀性,其测试及计算过程如下[12]
(1)每次测量前应校准测厚仪的零点,且在每组试样测量后应该重新检查其零点。
(2)将测厚仪的测量头平缓放下,避免样品变形和破损,进行测试。
(3)测厚仪的测量头与样品之间保持一定的压强,记录厚度值。
(4)每个25 cm2的样品不少于9个测试点,且测试点应均匀分布。
(5)计算样品的平均厚度,如式(1)。
$ \bar{d}=\frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n} d_{i}}{n}$
式中, $\overline{d}$为在一定压强下的样品平均厚度;di为在一定压强下,某一点样品厚度测量值;n为测量数据点数量。
(6)计算样品的厚度标准偏差,如式(2)。
$ \sigma=\sqrt{\frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n}\left(d_{i}-\bar{d}\right)^{2}}{n-1}}$
式中, $\sigma $为在一定压强下样品厚度标准偏差; $\overline{d}$为在一定压强下样品的平均厚度;di为在一定压强下某一点样品的厚度测量值;n为测量数据点数量。
剥离力值能直观反映边框粘结强度,测试方法为将边框粘结在钢板上,采用剥离试验机进行测试,具体测试方法[13]如下。
(1)用擦拭材料沾清洗剂擦拭试验板,然后用干净的脱脂纱布将其擦干,如此反复清洗3次以上,直至板的工作面经目视检查达到清洁为止,清洗后,不得用手和其他物体接触板的工作面。
(2)用精度不低于0.05 mm的量测量胶带的宽度。
(3)在制备试样前,先撕去外面的3~5层的胶粘带,然后再取200 mm以上的胶粘带(胶粘带粘合面不能接触手或其他物质)。并把胶粘带与清洗后的试验板粘接。在试验板的另一端下面放置一条长约200 mm、宽40 mm的涤纶膜或其他材料,然后用压辊在自重下以约300 mm/min的速度在试样上来回滚压3次(试样与试验板粘合处不允许有气泡存在)。
(4)试样制备后应在试验环境下停放20~40 min后进行试验。
(5)将试样自由端对折180°,并从试板上剥开粘合面25 mm。普创科技把试样自由端和试验板分别夹在上、下夹持器上。应使剥离面与试验机力线保持一致。试验机以300 mm/min±10 mm/min下降速度连续剥离,并有自动记录仪绘出剥离曲线。
(6)双面压敏胶粘带与不锈钢板或其他材料粘接时,先撕去双面胶粘带外面的3~5层,然后再取200 mm以上胶粘带粘贴在聚酯薄膜上,然后再剥去另一面的隔离纸进行试验。
(7)测定单面压敏胶粘带或双面压敏胶粘带与薄片、薄膜等材料剥离强度时,先将薄片、薄膜等粘贴在钢板上,然后进行试验。
取测试数据的平均值作为样品剥离力测试值。若样品需要测试耐久性,同时也可以测试其水煮、酸煮后的剥离力。可将样品放入90 ℃恒温水浴或90 ℃的酸性溶液中,静置1 000 h。测试其1 000 h后剥离力变化,以判断边框材料的耐久性。
膜电极是燃料电池的重要组成部件。伴随着燃料电池技术的发展,膜电极边框材料的研究也会越来越受重视。本文阐述了膜电极边框的材料,膜电极边框的结构,以及膜电极边框的测试方法。总结如下:
(1)PEN因其优秀的物理机械性能、气体阻隔性能、化学稳定性及耐热、耐紫外线、耐辐射性能逐渐成为边框材料主流。而边框的薄膜基材生产技术受国外制约,当前需加快PEN材料的国产化制备。胶层方面压敏胶及热熔胶的选择及应用尚需更多测试数据支撑。
(2)近年来报道了大量有关膜电极边框结构研究的文献,但其中大多数是专利。按照封装方式,膜电极边框可分为无边框结构、单边框结构、双边框结构。目前应用较多的为双边框密封结构。
(3)边框材料的测试表征目前尚无统一标准、但可通过测试边框厚度均匀性、剥离力对边框材料进行基本的物性表征。通过对边框进行水煮、酸煮试验可测试边框的耐水和耐酸能力。
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doi: 10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20220033
  • 首发时间:2025-11-25
  • 出版时间:2024-01-05
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    东风汽车集团有限公司技术中心, 武汉 430000
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Number of
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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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