Article(id=1195432339699450414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, issueId=1195432339221299758, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20230252, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1762942879843, onlineDateStr=2025-11-12, pubDate=1736006400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-05, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1762942879843, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1762942879843, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762942879843, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1195432339221299758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, year='2025', volume='', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='62', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1762942879729, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762945387722, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1195442858556699315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, issueId=1195432339221299758, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1195442858556699316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, issueId=1195432339221299758, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=36, endPage=40, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1195432339917554224, articleId=1195432339699450414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, language=EN, title=Research on the Evaluation Method for the Adaptability of Automotive Complex Electromagnetic Environment, columnId=null, journalTitle=Automotive Digest, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

With the rapid development of intelligent networking and electrification in automobiles, the electromagnetic environment inside and outside vehicles is becoming increasingly complex. To overcome the limitations of traditional vehicle Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) laboratory testing methods in comprehensively validating actual operating conditions, a method for evaluating the adaptability of vehicle complex electromagnetic environments based on user scenarios is proposed. It includes self-compatibility testing, static testing, conventional functional dynamic testing, intelligent networked dynamic testing, and test result evaluation. Through actual testing of a certain vehicle model, the results show the effectiveness of this method in resisting interference in complex electromagnetic environments of automobiles in user scenarios, providing support for improving the overall EMC performance of the vehicles.

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随着汽车的智能网联化和电动化的快速发展,车辆内、外部电磁环境日趋复杂。为了克服传统整车电磁兼容(EMC)试验室测试方法在全面验证实际工况方面的不足,在梳理复杂电磁环境分类和用户使用场景的基础上,提出一种基于用户场景的车辆复杂电磁环境适应性测试评价方法,包括自兼容测试、静态测试、常规功能动态测试、智能网联动态测试和测试结果评价。通过某车型实际测试案例,结果表明该方法对于用户场景下的汽车复杂电磁环境抗干扰的有效性,为整车EMC性能提升提供支撑。

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(2015-06-01)[2024-08-26]. https://cdn.standards.iteh.ai/samples/59604/9d05cd03f18b4e03938a2da91959b9e5/ISO-11451-3-2015.pdf., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195653153107526312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195432339699450414, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://www.iso.org/standard/79797.html, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=ISO, journalName=Road Vehicles—Vehicle Test Methods for Electrical Disturbances from Narrowband Radiated Electromagnetic Energy—Part 4: Bulk Current Injection (BCI): ISO 11451-4, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ISO. Road Vehicles—Vehicle Test Methods for Electrical Disturbances from Narrowband Radiated Electromagnetic Energy—Part 4: Bulk Current Injection (BCI): ISO 11451-4[S/OL]. (2015-06-01)[2024-08-26]. https://www.iso.org/standard/79797.html., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195653153178829481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195432339699450414, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://www.ti.com/lit/an/slva954b/slva954b.pdf?ts=1724637490847&ref_url=https%253A%252F%252Fcn.bing.com%252F, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=ISO, journalName=Road Vehicles—Test Methods for Electrical Disturbances from Electrostatic Discharge: ISO 10605, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ISO. Road Vehicles—Test Methods for Electrical Disturbances from Electrostatic Discharge: ISO 10605[S/OL]. (2008-07-15)[2024-08-26]. https://www.ti.com/lit/an/slva954b/slva954b.pdf?ts=1724637490847&ref_url=https%253A%252F%252Fcn.bing.com%252F., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195653153262715562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195432339699450414, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=1, pageStart=59, pageEnd=62, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=王建利, 刘力, 龚晓琴, journalName=汽车文摘, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王建利, 刘力, 龚晓琴, 等. 新能源和智能网联汽车电磁兼容性能影响因素研究[J]. 汽车文摘, 2023(1): 59-62., articleTitle=新能源和智能网联汽车电磁兼容性能影响因素研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195653153334018731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195432339699450414, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=11, pageStart=20, pageEnd=24, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=王建利, journalName=汽车文摘, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王建利. 整车电磁兼容试验标准发展趋势研究[J]. 汽车文摘, 2020(11): 20-24., articleTitle=整车电磁兼容试验标准发展趋势研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195653153409516204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195432339699450414, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=中国汽车工程学会, journalName=道路车辆复杂电磁环境适应性要求和试验方法:T/CSAE 150-2020, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中国汽车工程学会. 道路车辆复杂电磁环境适应性要求和试验方法:T/CSAE 150-2020[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2020., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195653153476625069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195432339699450414, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=张悦, 陈磊, 韩烨, journalName=适用于智能网联汽车的电磁场景构建方法研究[C]//2020中国汽车工程学会年会论文集(4), refType=null, unstructuredReference=张悦, 陈磊, 韩烨, 等. 适用于智能网联汽车的电磁场景构建方法研究[C]//2020中国汽车工程学会年会论文集(4). 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2020., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195653153556316846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195432339699450414, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=全国无线电干扰标准化技术委员会, journalName=车辆、船和内燃机无线电骚扰特性用于保护车载接收机的限值和测量方法:GB/T 18655—2018, refType=null, unstructuredReference=全国无线电干扰标准化技术委员会. 车辆、船和内燃机无线电骚扰特性用于保护车载接收机的限值和测量方法:GB/T 18655—2018[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2018., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195653153644397231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195432339699450414, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Vehicles%2C-boats-and-internal-combustion-engines-and-Bs-En/6b322b0ca4e9cf233868aee9a93bc14f1eef72fc, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=IEC, journalName=Vehicles, Boats and Internal Combustion Engines-Radio Disturbance Characteristics-Limits and Methods of Measurement for the Protection of On-Board Receivers: CISPR 25, refType=null, unstructuredReference=IEC. Vehicles, Boats and Internal Combustion Engines-Radio Disturbance Characteristics-Limits and Methods of Measurement for the Protection of On-Board Receivers: CISPR 25[S/OL]. (2021-12-16)[2024-09-26]. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Vehicles%2C-boats-and-internal-combustion-engines-and-Bs-En/6b322b0ca4e9cf233868aee9a93bc14f1eef72fc., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195653153707311792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195432339699450414, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=1, pageStart=43, pageEnd=46, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=王传琪, 张悦, 张旭, journalName=安全与电磁兼容, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王传琪, 张悦, 张旭, 等. 车辆复杂电磁环境适应性研究[J]. 安全与电磁兼容, 2018(1): 43-46., articleTitle=车辆复杂电磁环境适应性研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195653153770226353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195432339699450414, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=8, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=WANG C Q, CHEN L, ZHANG X, journalName=Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Vehicle,Mechanical and Electrical Engineering(ICVMEE 2017). 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DEStech Publications, 2017: 8., articleTitle=Research on the Vehicle’s Susceptibility to Complex Electromagnetic Environment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195653153875083954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195432339699450414, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=44, issue=6, pageStart=12, pageEnd=24, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=谭浩, 唐诗妍, journalName=包装工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=谭浩, 唐诗妍. 智能汽车交互界面用户体验评估方法体系综述[J]. 包装工程, 2023, 44(6): 12-24+469., articleTitle=智能汽车交互界面用户体验评估方法体系综述, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195653153929609907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195432339699450414, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=48, issue=23, pageStart=201, pageEnd=209, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=李萍, 聂国乐, 牛亚卓, journalName=汽车实用技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李萍, 聂国乐, 牛亚卓, 等. 基于用户场景的汽车行驶工况构建方法探究[J]. 汽车实用技术, 2023, 48(23): 201-209., articleTitle=基于用户场景的汽车行驶工况构建方法探究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195653153988330164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195432339699450414, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=孙昊, journalName=用户体验下的奔腾汽车交互设计研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孙昊. 用户体验下的奔腾汽车交互设计研究[D]. 长春: 吉林大学, 2022., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195653154042856117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195432339699450414, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=朱煜, journalName=智能网联车辆的测试场景生成及相关测试方法研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=朱煜. 智能网联车辆的测试场景生成及相关测试方法研究[D]. 长春: 吉林大学, 2023., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195653154101576374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195432339699450414, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=748, issue=2, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=17, authorNames=FENG S, YAN X T, SUN H W, journalName=Nature Communications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FENG S, YAN X T, SUN H W, et al. Intelligent Driving Intelligence Test for Autonomous Vehicles with Naturalistic and Adversarial Environment[J]. Nature Communications, 2021, 748(2): s41467021210078., articleTitle=Intelligent Driving Intelligence Test for Autonomous Vehicles with Naturalistic and Adversarial Environment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195653154168685239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195432339699450414, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=18, authorNames=王建利, 刘力, 白丽, journalName=一种汽车整车复杂电磁环境场景适应性试验方法:114994430A, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王建利, 刘力, 白丽, 等. 一种汽车整车复杂电磁环境场景适应性试验方法:114994430A[P]. 2022-09-02., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195653154244182712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195432339699450414, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=19, authorNames=国家标准化管理委员会, journalName=无线电骚扰和抗扰度测量设备和测量方法规范第1-4部分:无线电骚扰和抗扰度测量设备辐射骚扰测量用天线和试验场地:GB/T 6113.104—2021, refType=null, unstructuredReference=国家标准化管理委员会, 无线电骚扰和抗扰度测量设备和测量方法规范第1-4部分:无线电骚扰和抗扰度测量设备辐射骚扰测量用天线和试验场地:GB/T 6113.104—2021[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2021., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195653154307097273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195432339699450414, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=6, pageStart=231, pageEnd=243, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=20, authorNames=LIU M F, OUYANG X Y, LIU R K, journalName=Automotive Innovation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU M F, OUYANG X Y, LIU R K, et al. An Evaluation Method for Automotive Technical and Comprehensive Performance[J]. Automotive Innovation, 2023(6): 231-243., articleTitle=An Evaluation Method for Automotive Technical and Comprehensive Performance, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195653154378400442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195432339699450414, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=21, authorNames=国家标准化管理委员会, journalName=车辆、船和内燃机无线电骚扰特性用于保护车载接收机的限值和测量方法: GB/T 18655——2018, refType=null, unstructuredReference=国家标准化管理委员会. 车辆、船和内燃机无线电骚扰特性用于保护车载接收机的限值和测量方法: GB/T 18655——2018[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2018., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1195653149613671027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195432339699450414, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1195653149622059636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195432339699450414, companyId=1195653149613671027, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=FAW Car Co., Ltd., Changchun 130012), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1195653149634642549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195432339699450414, companyId=1195653149613671027, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=一汽奔腾轿车有限公司, 长春 130012)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1195653151622742679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195432339699450414, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Ri5lBaoVjK6Vr0ypEt1BKw==, figureFileBig=bosJhiDLoBPgfS5vKNSJLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195653151706628760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195432339699450414, language=CN, label=图1, caption=汽车复杂电磁环境场景分类, figureFileSmall=Ri5lBaoVjK6Vr0ypEt1BKw==, figureFileBig=bosJhiDLoBPgfS5vKNSJLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195653151798903449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195432339699450414, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=lNNqu35Uqso9gr0qPFzCFw==, figureFileBig=fEt+4qo9kK0wMHK0O2+ZuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195653151882789530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195432339699450414, language=CN, label=图2, caption=汽车复杂电磁环境测试流程, figureFileSmall=lNNqu35Uqso9gr0qPFzCFw==, figureFileBig=fEt+4qo9kK0wMHK0O2+ZuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195653151954092699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195432339699450414, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=KnGtbgshtIkqGzzcQdkLgQ==, figureFileBig=Ro0D7ZITXIm1v6Tz7BXWLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195653152012812956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195432339699450414, language=CN, label=图3, caption=复杂电磁环境信号数据采集及部分数据库, figureFileSmall=KnGtbgshtIkqGzzcQdkLgQ==, figureFileBig=Ro0D7ZITXIm1v6Tz7BXWLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195653152096699037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195432339699450414, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=HhN5+cdnjAkSf4c5mlUhgw==, figureFileBig=+/YBParuPquiMaCShoFR9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195653152163807902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195432339699450414, language=CN, label=图4, caption=实际复杂电磁环境场景辐射干扰信号, figureFileSmall=HhN5+cdnjAkSf4c5mlUhgw==, figureFileBig=+/YBParuPquiMaCShoFR9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195653152222528159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195432339699450414, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
维度 具体内容
用户
体验
出行准备 远程控制、解锁、寻车、载物、开门进入、系安全带、连接手机、启动汽车、打开导航或音乐等
驾驶 转向、转向盘操作、起步或跟车、开启或关闭空调/导航/音乐/天窗/遮阳板、雨刮器、灯光、驻车、启停、巡航、安全驾驶提醒、自动驾驶、加油、充电等
驻车 寻找停车位、倒车雷达或影像、倒车灯、泊车、关闭车窗、离车、锁车等
维护 添加玻璃水、调节胎压、更换备胎、千斤顶、三角警示等
车辆
使用
车辆类别 燃油汽车、混合动力汽车、电动汽车、电动智能汽车、氢燃料汽车等
车辆功能 手机应用软件远程控制、钥匙解锁、寻车、座椅记忆、转向盘记忆、储物、蓝牙、WIFI、USB、导航、语音识别、FM、AM、音乐、语音、DAB、风窗清洗、大灯清洗、智能安全提醒、喇叭、制动或加速、盲区检测、影像、自适应巡航、自动泊车、防盗、前碰撞预警等
车辆装备 行车安全装备、驾驶辅助系统、座椅安全保护装置、ADAS系统、车身控制系统、空调系统等舒适装备、导航仪、音视频娱乐系统、胎压监测系统、轮胎或备胎等
环境
场景
自然环境 天气、温度、湿度、光照、风、水、海拔、噪声、振动、电磁等
道路环境 高速路、国道、乡村路、山路、城市道路、试验场、停车场、隧道、机场路等
设备设施 充电桩、基站、便携设备、红绿灯、电子收费(Electronic Toll Collection,ETC)、高压电网、摄像头、信号塔、闸机等
), ArticleFig(id=1195653152344162976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195432339699450414, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

用户使用场景构成

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
维度 具体内容
用户
体验
出行准备 远程控制、解锁、寻车、载物、开门进入、系安全带、连接手机、启动汽车、打开导航或音乐等
驾驶 转向、转向盘操作、起步或跟车、开启或关闭空调/导航/音乐/天窗/遮阳板、雨刮器、灯光、驻车、启停、巡航、安全驾驶提醒、自动驾驶、加油、充电等
驻车 寻找停车位、倒车雷达或影像、倒车灯、泊车、关闭车窗、离车、锁车等
维护 添加玻璃水、调节胎压、更换备胎、千斤顶、三角警示等
车辆
使用
车辆类别 燃油汽车、混合动力汽车、电动汽车、电动智能汽车、氢燃料汽车等
车辆功能 手机应用软件远程控制、钥匙解锁、寻车、座椅记忆、转向盘记忆、储物、蓝牙、WIFI、USB、导航、语音识别、FM、AM、音乐、语音、DAB、风窗清洗、大灯清洗、智能安全提醒、喇叭、制动或加速、盲区检测、影像、自适应巡航、自动泊车、防盗、前碰撞预警等
车辆装备 行车安全装备、驾驶辅助系统、座椅安全保护装置、ADAS系统、车身控制系统、空调系统等舒适装备、导航仪、音视频娱乐系统、胎压监测系统、轮胎或备胎等
环境
场景
自然环境 天气、温度、湿度、光照、风、水、海拔、噪声、振动、电磁等
道路环境 高速路、国道、乡村路、山路、城市道路、试验场、停车场、隧道、机场路等
设备设施 充电桩、基站、便携设备、红绿灯、电子收费(Electronic Toll Collection,ETC)、高压电网、摄像头、信号塔、闸机等
), ArticleFig(id=1195653152423854753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195432339699450414, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自兼容测试、静态测试 常规、智能网联功能动态测试
1.车辆灯光、空调等长时间负载
2.转向柱调节
3.座椅调节
4.尾门开启或关闭
5.远、近光切换开关
6.雨刮器速度
7.扬声器
8.音响音量调节
9.空调风量调节
10.油门
11.制动器挡位切换
12.遥控钥匙功能
13.玻璃升降系统
14.天窗开关
15.调频广播
16.倒车影像
……
1.车辆灯光、空调长时间负载
2.座椅调节
3.雨刮器高低速切换
4.扬声器
5.音响音量调节
6.空调风量调节
7.制动器或挡位切换
8.玻璃升降系统
9.天窗开关
10.自适应巡航
11.前方防撞预警
12.车道偏离预警
13.自动泊车
14.车载导航
15.全景影像
16.蓝牙
……
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用户体验测试内容

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自兼容测试、静态测试 常规、智能网联功能动态测试
1.车辆灯光、空调等长时间负载
2.转向柱调节
3.座椅调节
4.尾门开启或关闭
5.远、近光切换开关
6.雨刮器速度
7.扬声器
8.音响音量调节
9.空调风量调节
10.油门
11.制动器挡位切换
12.遥控钥匙功能
13.玻璃升降系统
14.天窗开关
15.调频广播
16.倒车影像
……
1.车辆灯光、空调长时间负载
2.座椅调节
3.雨刮器高低速切换
4.扬声器
5.音响音量调节
6.空调风量调节
7.制动器或挡位切换
8.玻璃升降系统
9.天窗开关
10.自适应巡航
11.前方防撞预警
12.车道偏离预警
13.自动泊车
14.车载导航
15.全景影像
16.蓝牙
……
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测试项目 测试要求 测试结果
实际复杂电磁环境测试 实际场景测试、便携设备对讲机扫描 出现转向盘开关背光亮暗变化、中控屏及空调面板屏变亮、雨刮器自动开启、近光闪烁、远近光切换等异常现象
整车EMC辐射抗扰测试 场强为75 V/m,连续波调制 出现转向盘开关背光亮暗变化、中控屏及空调面板屏变亮、近光闪烁、远近光切换等异常现象
), ArticleFig(id=1195653152654541476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195432339699450414, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

测试结果比对

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测试项目 测试要求 测试结果
实际复杂电磁环境测试 实际场景测试、便携设备对讲机扫描 出现转向盘开关背光亮暗变化、中控屏及空调面板屏变亮、雨刮器自动开启、近光闪烁、远近光切换等异常现象
整车EMC辐射抗扰测试 场强为75 V/m,连续波调制 出现转向盘开关背光亮暗变化、中控屏及空调面板屏变亮、近光闪烁、远近光切换等异常现象
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汽车复杂电磁环境适应性测评方法研究
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王建利 , 唐昌武 , 乔俊贤 , 白丽 , 马贵阳
汽车文摘 | 2025,(1): 36-40
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汽车文摘 | 2025, (1): 36-40
汽车复杂电磁环境适应性测评方法研究
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王建利, 唐昌武, 乔俊贤, 白丽, 马贵阳
作者信息
  • 一汽奔腾轿车有限公司, 长春 130012
Research on the Evaluation Method for the Adaptability of Automotive Complex Electromagnetic Environment
Jianli Wang, Changwu Tang, QiaoJunxian, Li Bai, Guiyang Ma
Affiliations
  • FAW Car Co., Ltd., Changchun 130012
出版时间: 2025-01-05 doi: 10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20230252
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随着汽车的智能网联化和电动化的快速发展,车辆内、外部电磁环境日趋复杂。为了克服传统整车电磁兼容(EMC)试验室测试方法在全面验证实际工况方面的不足,在梳理复杂电磁环境分类和用户使用场景的基础上,提出一种基于用户场景的车辆复杂电磁环境适应性测试评价方法,包括自兼容测试、静态测试、常规功能动态测试、智能网联动态测试和测试结果评价。通过某车型实际测试案例,结果表明该方法对于用户场景下的汽车复杂电磁环境抗干扰的有效性,为整车EMC性能提升提供支撑。

电磁环境  /  用户使用场景  /  电磁兼容性  /  智能网联汽车

With the rapid development of intelligent networking and electrification in automobiles, the electromagnetic environment inside and outside vehicles is becoming increasingly complex. To overcome the limitations of traditional vehicle Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) laboratory testing methods in comprehensively validating actual operating conditions, a method for evaluating the adaptability of vehicle complex electromagnetic environments based on user scenarios is proposed. It includes self-compatibility testing, static testing, conventional functional dynamic testing, intelligent networked dynamic testing, and test result evaluation. Through actual testing of a certain vehicle model, the results show the effectiveness of this method in resisting interference in complex electromagnetic environments of automobiles in user scenarios, providing support for improving the overall EMC performance of the vehicles.

Electromagnetic environment  /  User usage scenarios  /  Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)  /  Intelligent and Connected Vehicle (ICV)
王建利, 唐昌武, 乔俊贤, 白丽, 马贵阳. 汽车复杂电磁环境适应性测评方法研究. 汽车文摘, 2025 , (1) : 36 -40 . DOI: 10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20230252
Jianli Wang, Changwu Tang, QiaoJunxian, Li Bai, Guiyang Ma. Research on the Evaluation Method for the Adaptability of Automotive Complex Electromagnetic Environment[J]. Automotive Digest, 2025 , (1) : 36 -40 . DOI: 10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20230252
在汽车电磁兼容(Electro Magnetic Compatibility,EMC)设计开发验证过程中,需按照国际或国家通用标准进行常规辐射抗扰测试。然而,现有辐射抗扰测试要求一般为特定车速、转速以及长时负载打开等稳态工况[1-5],无法完全模拟真实电磁环境和用户使用工况,导致车辆在复杂的实际工作环境中,仍可能发生电磁干扰问题,影响车辆行驶安全和舒适性[6]。新能源和智能网联汽车对外界电磁环境的适应性要求更高,复杂电磁环境更容易引起高级驾驶辅助系统(Advanced Driver Assistance Systems,ADAS)功能误判或失效、V2X(Vehicle to Everything)通信信号失真和中断等干扰问题[7]。本文从用户角度出发,通过梳理用户实际使用工况,探索基于用户使用场景的复杂电磁环境适应性测试方法,开展测试方案设计及验证工作,提升和完善整车EMC验证方法。
复杂电磁环境是指在一定空域、时频和功率条件下所有电磁现象的总和[8]。城镇化发展使道路距离复杂电磁环境中的电磁干扰源越来越近,耦合方式多样化,干扰强度逐渐增大,电磁干扰问题显著增多[9]
汽车复杂电磁环境问题产生的原因主要包括以下5个方面:(1)日益增多的整车电气设备,如各种控制器或传感器、ADAS部件、网联部件或天线以及高压部件。(2)环境中存在各种频段的通信信号,如调频(Frequency Modulation,FM)、调幅(Amplitude Modulation,AM)、电视、无钥匙进入(Remote Keyless Entry,RKE)、导航(Global Positioning System,GPS)、数字广播(Digital Audio Broadcasting,DAB)、WIFI、蓝牙、无线局域网(Wireless Local Area Network,WLAN)以及移动通信技术(2G、3G、4G、5G)等[10-11]。(3)变电站、发电厂等场所附近低频电磁辐射场。(4)广播、基站发射塔等场所附近高频电磁辐射场。(5)引起整车故障的相互叠加、耦合的电磁信号。
按照复杂电磁环境信号类别将试验场景分为低频电磁辐射、高频电磁辐射、居民生活电磁辐射、工业复杂电磁辐射和场景交通电磁辐射5种场景类别,每种场景类别分别包括多个环境场景[12-13],如图1所示。
用户使用场景是指车辆与用户、交通环境中其他交通参与者、设施、天气、光照、道路之间的综合交互过程。用户使用场景一般由用户体验、车辆使用和环境场景构成[14-18],如表1所示。
基于用户场景的复杂电磁环境适应性测试方法包括自兼容测试、静态测试、常规功能动态测试和智能网联功能动态测试[19]
汽车复杂电磁环境测试流程如图2所示。在进行复杂电磁环境适应性试验前,须先执行整车自兼容功能检查,确保整车电磁兼容性试验的准确性。试验应在符合GB/T 6113.104—2021《无线电骚扰和抗扰度测量设备和测量方法规范 第1-4部分:无线电骚扰和抗扰度测量设备 辐射骚扰测量用天线和试验场地》标准[20]、装有吸波材料的屏蔽室或开放区域测试场所进行。
基于图1所示的复杂电磁环境场景分类,在车辆怠速状态下,对车辆各项功能在实际复杂电磁环境试验场景下的正常性进行验证。
复杂电磁环境场景测试与常规整车EMC测试不同,其侧重基于用户实际使用工况开展测试。表2中列出了常见用户体验测试内容。在试验过程中,实时监测整车状态,若整车出现异常现象,应记录下相应工况并详细描述异常情况。
针对试验过程中的车辆异常现象,基于用户角度开展结果评价[21]。按照复杂电磁环境适应性试验过程中车辆异常情况可能引发的影响及功能偏差将异常情况分为3类:(1)车辆的异常只能导致轻微或可忽略的影响。(2)车辆的异常将导致舒适性下降。(3)车辆的异常会对车辆安全产生严重影响,或类别(1)和类别(2)中未包括的影响。所有未指定的(未定义的)影响及功能偏差自动归入类别(3)。
在复杂电磁环境试验场景适应性试验过程中,不能出现舒适性下降和影响车辆安全的异常情况,仅允许出现引起轻微或可忽略影响的异常情况。
汽车复杂电磁环境适应性测试方案验证工作主要包括实际测试场景、测试团队构成、辅助测试设备、测试结果和场景信号数据库。
以长春市为例,选取长春站、龙嘉机场、吉林省广播电视塔、大唐热力发电厂、蔚山工厂、欧亚卖场、红旗街和智能网联示范区等典型测试场景。
测试团队由EMC专业测试人员和专业驾驶员组成。其中EMC专业测试人员负责测试方案设计、方案实施、车辆状态监控、测试结果评价、测试信号的采集与分析以及测试总结。专业驾驶员负责车辆驾驶、车辆状态监控、智能网联功能的检查和车辆故障维护。
辅助测试设备主要包括频谱分析仪、场强计和人体电磁防护测试仪。其中频谱分析仪用于实际复杂电磁环境频域信号的采集、分析与保存。场强计用于检测实际复杂电磁环境的电磁场场强,寻找测试场景场强最大的地点。人体电磁防护测试仪用于检测实际复杂电磁环境的低频电磁场发射强度,以免复杂环境中的电磁辐射对试验人员造成伤害。
通过辅助测试设备进行复杂电磁环境场景信号的采集分析,并参考GB/T 18655—2018[22]标准中辐射发射频段建立复杂电磁环境信号数据库。实际采集照片和部分场景信号数据库如图3所示。
选取某款车型在长春市开展实际复杂电磁环境场景测试,并与整车EMC试验室辐射抗扰测试结果进行比对。
测试结果如表4所示,实际复杂电磁环境测试与整车EMC辐射抗扰测试结果均出现了转向盘开关、中控屏及远近光异常的现象,复杂电磁环境测试还出现雨刮器自动打开的异常现象,严重影响车辆驾驶安全和用户体验。上述异常现象证实了实际复杂电磁环境适应性测试在揭示潜在问题方面的有效性。
通过频谱分析仪对复杂电磁环境进行数据采集,得到实际电磁环境场景在频段200~2 500 MHz的辐射信号,如图4所示。实际复杂电磁环境信号中存在较为明显的泛欧集群无线电(Trans European Trunked Radio,TETRA)、蓝牙、WLAN、增强型全球移动通信系统(Extended Global System for Mobile,EGSM)等频带通信信号,其中频率为430 MHz的TETRA信号辐射强度最强。
为进一步探究TETRA信号对车辆电气系统的影响,关闭TETRA信号移动设备对讲机后,重新进行复杂电磁环境场景测试。结果显示,干扰异常现象未复现,据此推断该测试车辆的电气系统对TETRA频段干扰源较为敏感。通过对车辆电气系统施加滤波、屏蔽等整改措施,重新进行复杂电磁环境场景测试,试验结果为合格,且未发生电磁干扰异常现象。
汽车EMC性能对保障汽车安全及提升用户体验至关重要。本文通过基于用户体验的汽车复杂电磁环境测试方案设计和实际测试,验证了该方法的有效性,为整车EMC性能提升提供支撑。随着汽车的智能网联化和电动化的快速发展,日趋复杂电磁环境对汽车EMC设计验证带来了极大的挑战,电磁环境场景数据库、用户体验场景多样性以及智能电动车复杂电磁环境实际测试可行性等方面的研究有待进一步加强。
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doi: 10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20230252
  • 首发时间:2025-11-12
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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