Article(id=1195431906830496270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, issueId=1195431904737542161, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20240222, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1762942776639, onlineDateStr=2025-11-12, pubDate=1741104000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-05, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1762942776639, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1762942776639, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762942776639, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1195431904737542161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, year='2025', volume='', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='62', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1762942776138, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762945355266, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1195442722434757298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, issueId=1195431904737542161, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1195442722434757299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, issueId=1195431904737542161, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=8, endPage=16, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1195431907006657040, articleId=1195431906830496270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, language=EN, title=Four-Wheel Steering System Technology Research Status and Application Progress, columnId=null, journalTitle=Automotive Digest, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to enhance the vehicle’s maneuverability and steering flexibility, a literature review is conducted to analyze the structures, technical applications, and controlling schemes of four-wheel steering systems, and summarize the main research methods and application outcomes of automotive four-wheel steering technology. Currently, the developement of automotive four-wheel steering systems is characterized by electrification, intelligence and integration. The four-wheel steering system is transitioning from the classic mechanical passive structure to a more mature electric active four-wheel steering structure. The control schemes for four-wheel steering systems have evolved from single-performance four-wheel steering control technology towards more complex multi-system integration and active fault-tolerant control technology. In the future, electrification, modularity, precision, speed,and safety-reliability are trends for advanced four-wheel steering systems, which are also effective ways to enhance the vehicle maneuverability and steering flexibility.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Changqing Jing, Yitong Song), CN=ArticleExt(id=1195432287761380351, articleId=1195431906830496270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, language=CN, title=四轮转向系统技术研究现状及应用进展*, columnId=0, journalTitle=汽车文摘, columnName=, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为了提升车辆的操纵稳定性和转向灵活性,通过文献综述对四轮转向系统结构、技术应用和控制方案3方面进行分析,总结了汽车四轮转向技术的主要研究方法和应用成果。当前汽车四轮转向系统的发展呈现电动化、智能化、集成化特点。四轮转向系统从经典的机械随动结构到逐渐向成熟的电动主动四轮转向结构过渡,四轮转向系统控制方案从性能单一的四轮转向控制技术向复杂的多系统集成和主动容错控制技术方向发展。未来,电动化、模块化、精准、快速和安全可靠的先进四轮转向系统是四轮转向的发展趋势,也是实现车辆操纵稳定性、转向机动灵活性提升的有效途径。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=XmP2kXduyg2jSjXmJVPSqg==, magXml=XDbHV+7VdlQRYaVAWnVNPA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=0+Q+I6jlQDbcHVrFGumIUw==, pdfFileSize=4015515, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=2JM3t9D1961AHaRAijHsOA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=U15+s7O/y7TAfP8ReqvjFQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=靖长青, 宋义彤)}, authors=[Author(id=1195657116632527559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1195657116758356681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, authorId=1195657116632527559, language=EN, stringName=Changqing Jing, firstName=Changqing, middleName=null, lastName=Jing, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 Henan College of Transportation, Zhengzhou 450000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1195657116896768714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, authorId=1195657116632527559, language=CN, stringName=靖长青, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 河南交通职业技术学院, 郑州 450000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1195657116414423743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1195657116427006656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, companyId=1195657116414423743, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Henan College of Transportation, Zhengzhou 450000), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1195657116431200961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, companyId=1195657116414423743, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 河南交通职业技术学院, 郑州 450000)])]), Author(id=1195657116989043404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1195657117089706702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, authorId=1195657116989043404, language=EN, stringName=Yitong Song, firstName=Yitong, middleName=null, lastName=Song, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2 Automobile Research Institute of China Heavy Duty Automobile Group Co. Ltd, Jinan 250031, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1195657117194564303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, authorId=1195657116989043404, language=CN, stringName=宋义彤, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2 中国重型汽车集团有限公司, 济南 250031, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1195657116489921218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1195657116515087043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, companyId=1195657116489921218, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Automobile Research Institute of China Heavy Duty Automobile Group Co. Ltd, Jinan 250031), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1195657116523475652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, companyId=1195657116489921218, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 中国重型汽车集团有限公司, 济南 250031)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1195657117400085200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=Electric vehicle (EV)), Keyword(id=1195657117462999761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=Four-wheel steering system), Keyword(id=1195657117588828882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=Steer-by-wire technology), Keyword(id=1195657117643354835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=Control strategy), Keyword(id=1195657117706269396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=电动汽车), Keyword(id=1195657117781766869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=四轮转向系统), Keyword(id=1195657117899207382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=线控转向技术), Keyword(id=1195657117962121943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=控制策略)], refs=[Reference(id=1195657120034108145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=13, issue=21, pageStart=11859, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=YANG A, ZANG Y, XU L, journalName=Applied Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG A, ZANG Y, XU L, et al. A Systematic Review and Future Development of Automotive Chassis Control Technology[J]. Applied Sciences, 2023, 13(21): 11859., articleTitle=A Systematic Review and Future Development of Automotive Chassis Control Technology, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657120088634098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=106, issue=3, pageStart=368, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=GAO J, QI X, journalName=Science Progress, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GAO J, QI X. Study of the Influence of Universal Gearing of Steering System on Vehicle Handling Stability[J]. Science Progress, 2023, 106(3): 368504231195495., articleTitle=Study of the Influence of Universal Gearing of Steering System on Vehicle Handling Stability, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657120147354355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=1, pageStart=5, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=HUANG B, YUAN Z, PENG D, journalName=Shock and Vibration, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HUANG B, YUAN Z, PENG D, et al. Coordination Control of Active Steering and Direct Yaw Control for the Articulated Steering Vehicle[J]. Shock and Vibration, 2023(1): 5577119., articleTitle=Coordination Control of Active Steering and Direct Yaw Control for the Articulated Steering Vehicle, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657120222851828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=1, pageStart=127, pageEnd=129, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=梁晓亮, journalName=时代汽车, refType=null, unstructuredReference=梁晓亮. 基于汽车电子控制技术的四轮转向系统[J]. 时代汽车, 2023(1): 127-129., articleTitle=基于汽车电子控制技术的四轮转向系统, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657120294154997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=21, issue=10, pageStart=3336, pageEnd=3347, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=YU S, LI W, LI Y, journalName=International Journal of Control, Automation and Systems, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YU S, LI W, LI Y, et al. Nonlinear Predictive Control of Active Four-Wheel Steering Vehicles[J]. International Journal of Control, Automation and Systems, 2023, 21(10): 3336-3347., articleTitle=Nonlinear Predictive Control of Active Four-Wheel Steering Vehicles, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657120357069558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=8, issue=2, pageStart=1826, pageEnd=1836, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=WEISS E, GERDES J C, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WEISS E, GERDES J C. High Speed Emulation in a Vehicle-In-the-Loop Driving Simulator[J]. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles, 2022, 8(2): 1826-1836., articleTitle=High Speed Emulation in a Vehicle-In-the-Loop Driving Simulator, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657120419984119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=45, issue=12, pageStart=2242, pageEnd=2250, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=张佩, 孙文新, 胡杰, journalName=汽车工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张佩, 孙文新, 胡杰, 等. 四轮转向车辆后轮转角控制方法研究[J]. 汽车工程, 2023, 45(12): 2242-2250., articleTitle=四轮转向车辆后轮转角控制方法研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657120474510072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=51, issue=2, pageStart=144, pageEnd=150, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=许艳, 刘阳毅, journalName=湖南大学学报(自然科学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=许艳, 刘阳毅. 四轮转向干预下电动助力转向控制策略研究[J]. 湖南大学学报(自然科学版), 2024, 51(2): 144-150., articleTitle=四轮转向干预下电动助力转向控制策略研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657120533230329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=37, issue=5, pageStart=19, pageEnd=28, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=李刚, 张兴, 卢丽霞, journalName=重庆理工大学学报(自然科学), refType=null, unstructuredReference=李刚, 张兴, 卢丽霞. 分布式驱动电动汽车四轮转向与横摆力矩集成控制研[J]. 重庆理工大学学报(自然科学), 2023, 37(5): 19-28., articleTitle=分布式驱动电动汽车四轮转向与横摆力矩集成控制研, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657120583561978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=4, pageStart=106, pageEnd=108, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=邹理炎, 朱忠民, 陈晓星, journalName=内燃机与配件, refType=null, unstructuredReference=邹理炎, 朱忠民, 陈晓星. 汽车线控转向关键技术浅析[J]. 内燃机与配件, 2024(4): 106-108., articleTitle=汽车线控转向关键技术浅析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657120646476539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=45, issue=12, pageStart=2200, pageEnd=2208, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=贺林, 徐子昂, 黄春荣, journalName=汽车工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=贺林, 徐子昂, 黄春荣, 等. 线控转向系统转角预测滑模控制算法研究[J]. 汽车工程, 2023, 45(12): 2200-2208., articleTitle=线控转向系统转角预测滑模控制算法研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657120701002492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=14, issue=2, pageStart=205, pageEnd=216, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=郑凯, 吴晓东, 应东平, journalName=汽车工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=郑凯, 吴晓东, 应东平, 等. 面向全矢量线控车辆极限运动的分层式协同控制[J]. 汽车工程学报, 2024, 14(2): 205-216., articleTitle=面向全矢量线控车辆极限运动的分层式协同控制, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657120755528445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=60, issue=10, pageStart=425, pageEnd=438, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=张寒, 刘开华, 王春燕, journalName=机械工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张寒, 刘开华, 王春燕, 等. 四轮分布式线控转向系统稳定与协调控制研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2024, 60(10): 425-438., articleTitle=四轮分布式线控转向系统稳定与协调控制研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657120814248702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=11, issue=null, pageStart=7229, pageEnd=7236, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=IRMER M, DEGEN R, NÜßGEN A, journalName=IEEE Access, refType=null, unstructuredReference=IRMER M, DEGEN R, NÜßGEN A, et al. Development and Analysis of a Detail Model for Steer-by-Wire Systems[J]. IEEE Access, 2023, 11: 7229-7236., articleTitle=Development and Analysis of a Detail Model for Steer-by-Wire Systems, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657120872968959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=45, issue=8, pageStart=410, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=SHAO W, LIANG X, FANG T, journalName=Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHAO W, LIANG X, FANG T, et al. Active Steering Stability Control of Steer-by-Wire Vehicles Based on Variable Horizon-Robust Model Predictive Control[J]. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 2023, 45(8): 410., articleTitle=Active Steering Stability Control of Steer-by-Wire Vehicles Based on Variable Horizon-Robust Model Predictive Control, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657120931689216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=45, issue=19, pageStart=253, pageEnd=257, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=陈龙浩, journalName=汽车实用技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈龙浩. 汽车线控转向控制技术综述[J]. 汽车实用技术, 2020, 45(19): 253-257., articleTitle=汽车线控转向控制技术综述, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657120998798081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=38, issue=3, pageStart=481, pageEnd=491, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=李以农, 杨阳, 孙伟, journalName=世界科技研究与发展, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李以农, 杨阳, 孙伟, 等. 电动汽车底盘一体化控制技术的发展趋势与展望[J]. 世界科技研究与发展, 2016, 38(3): 481-491., articleTitle=电动汽车底盘一体化控制技术的发展趋势与展望, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657121082684162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=227, issue=2, pageStart=151, pageEnd=163, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=17, authorNames=YIM S, YI K, journalName=Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of automobile engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YIM S, YI K. Design of an Active Roll Control System for Hybrid Four-Wheel-Drive Vehicles[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of automobile engineering, 2013, 227(2): 151-163., articleTitle=Design of an Active Roll Control System for Hybrid Four-Wheel-Drive Vehicles, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657121133015811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=29, issue=12, pageStart=1612, pageEnd=1616, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=18, authorNames=张乐超, 陈宝峰, 许沧粟, journalName=机械科学与技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张乐超, 陈宝峰, 许沧粟. 汽车底盘控制技术发展综述[J]. 机械科学与技术, 2010, 29(12): 1612-1616., articleTitle=汽车底盘控制技术发展综述, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657121200124676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=null, issue=1, pageStart=32, pageEnd=34, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=19, authorNames=何浩然, 单鹏, 李刚, journalName=汽车实用技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=何浩然, 单鹏, 李刚, 等. 汽车四轮转向控制策略研究[J]. 汽车实用技术, 2016(1): 32-34., articleTitle=汽车四轮转向控制策略研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657121263039237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=null, issue=2, pageStart=29, pageEnd=31, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=20, authorNames=高琛, 庞辉, journalName=机械设计, refType=null, unstructuredReference=高琛, 庞辉. 轿车前轮角输入的随动转向分析与仿真[J]. 机械设计, 2009 (2): 29-31., articleTitle=轿车前轮角输入的随动转向分析与仿真, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657121317565190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=null, issue=7, pageStart=1, pageEnd=6, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=21, authorNames=徐晓美, 陈宁, LEE H P, journalName=汽车技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=徐晓美, 陈宁, LEE H P. 后轮随动转向技术应用研究综述[J]. 汽车技术, 2016(7): 1-6+16., articleTitle=后轮随动转向技术应用研究综述, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657121376285447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=5, issue=5, pageStart=334, pageEnd=340, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=22, authorNames=来鑫, 陈辛波, 武晓俊, journalName=汽车工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=来鑫, 陈辛波, 武晓俊, 等. 四轮独立驱动与转向电动车辆运动控制系统及控制策略研究[J]. 汽车工程学报, 2015, 5(5): 334-340., articleTitle=四轮独立驱动与转向电动车辆运动控制系统及控制策略研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657121435005704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=47, issue=2, pageStart=61, pageEnd=64, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=23, authorNames=程修正, 李建华, 周傲, journalName=汽车实用技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=程修正, 李建华, 周傲, 等. 一种机械式四轮转向系统性能分析[J]. 汽车实用技术, 2022, 47(2): 61-64., articleTitle=一种机械式四轮转向系统性能分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657121497920265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=35, issue=4, pageStart=38, pageEnd=42, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=24, authorNames=马慧, 黄兵锋, 范卫兵, journalName=湖北汽车工业学院学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=马慧, 黄兵锋, 范卫兵, 等. 某特种车辆四轮转向系统设计[J]. 湖北汽车工业学院学报, 2021, 35(4): 38-42., articleTitle=某特种车辆四轮转向系统设计, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657121569223434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2001, volume=null, issue=1, pageStart=10, pageEnd=11, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=25, authorNames=杨林, 陈思忠, 丛振刚, journalName=重型汽车, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杨林, 陈思忠, 丛振刚. 四轮转向汽车电子控制系统的研究与开发[J]. 重型汽车, 2001(1): 10-11., articleTitle=四轮转向汽车电子控制系统的研究与开发, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657121644720907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=60, issue=10, pageStart=507, pageEnd=522, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=26, authorNames=赵明慧, 郭浩然, 张利鹏, journalName=机械工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=赵明慧, 郭浩然, 张利鹏, 等. 四轮独立转向分布式驱动电动汽车单轮转向失效行驶稳定性控制[J]. 机械工程学报, 2024, 60(10): 507-522., articleTitle=四轮独立转向分布式驱动电动汽车单轮转向失效行驶稳定性控制, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657121703441164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=49, issue=3, pageStart=934, pageEnd=942, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=27, authorNames=于树友, 谭雷, 王伍洋, journalName=吉林大学学报(工学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=于树友, 谭雷, 王伍洋, 等. 基于三步法的汽车主动四轮转向控制[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2019, 49(3): 934-942., articleTitle=基于三步法的汽车主动四轮转向控制, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657121757967117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=60, issue=6, pageStart=63, pageEnd=67, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=28, authorNames=刘文光, 徐畅, 王志民, journalName=农业装备与车辆工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘文光, 徐畅, 王志民, 等. 线控主动四轮转向汽车控制策略及试验研究[J]. 农业装备与车辆工程, 2022, 60(6): 63-67., articleTitle=线控主动四轮转向汽车控制策略及试验研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657121812493070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=4, pageStart=23, pageEnd=34, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=29, authorNames=陈俐, 李雄, 程小宣, journalName=汽车技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈俐, 李雄, 程小宣, 等. 汽车线控转向系统研究进展综述[J]. 汽车技术, 2018(4): 23-34., articleTitle=汽车线控转向系统研究进展综述, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657121871213327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=38, issue=4, pageStart=458, pageEnd=465, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=30, authorNames=乔建璐, 范英, 晋民杰, journalName=中北大学学报(自然科学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=乔建璐, 范英, 晋民杰, 等. 四轮转向车辆转向特性研究[J]. 中北大学学报(自然科学版), 2017, 38(4): 458-465., articleTitle=四轮转向车辆转向特性研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657121934127888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=null, issue=9, pageStart=829, pageEnd=833, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=31, authorNames=李铂, 陈善华, journalName=汽车工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李铂, 陈善华. 随动转向的分析与综合方法研究[J]. 汽车工程, 2006(9): 829-833., articleTitle=随动转向的分析与综合方法研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657121992848145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=7, issue=null, pageStart=127117, pageEnd=127127, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=32, authorNames=YU S, LI W, WANG W, journalName=IEEE Access, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YU S, LI W, WANG W, et al. Nonlinear Control of Active Four Wheel Steer-by-Wire Vehicles[J]. IEEE Access, 2019, 7: 127117-127127., articleTitle=Nonlinear Control of Active Four Wheel Steer-by-Wire Vehicles, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657122051568402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=42, issue=8, pageStart=143, pageEnd=149, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=33, authorNames=张鹏, 张强, 赵晨鸿, journalName=计算机仿真, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张鹏, 张强, 赵晨鸿, 等. 基于主动后轮转向的车辆稳定性控制策略[J]. 计算机仿真, 2024, 42(8): 143-149., articleTitle=基于主动后轮转向的车辆稳定性控制策略, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657122110288659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=39, issue=S2, pageStart=56, pageEnd=61, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=34, authorNames=檀振贤, 金阳, 刘成武, journalName=机械设计, refType=null, unstructuredReference=檀振贤, 金阳, 刘成武. 主动后轮转向对车辆操纵稳定性的影响[J]. 机械设计, 2022, 39(S2): 56-61., articleTitle=主动后轮转向对车辆操纵稳定性的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657122177397524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=42, issue=5, pageStart=497, pageEnd=505, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=35, authorNames=付翔, 杨凤举, 黄斌, journalName=江苏大学学报(自然科学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=付翔, 杨凤举, 黄斌, 等. 主动后轮转向四轮独立驱动车辆的协调控制[J]. 江苏大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 42(5): 497-505., articleTitle=主动后轮转向四轮独立驱动车辆的协调控制, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657122236117781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=42, issue=7, pageStart=925, pageEnd=932, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=36, authorNames=赵韩, 邓斌, journalName=汽车工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=赵韩, 邓斌. 考虑不确定扰动的主动后轮转向动力学控制与试验研究[J]. 汽车工程, 2020, 42(7): 925-932+948., articleTitle=考虑不确定扰动的主动后轮转向动力学控制与试验研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657122290643734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=4, pageStart=19, pageEnd=23, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=37, authorNames=胡红元, 李兵, 王阳阳, journalName=上海汽车, refType=null, unstructuredReference=胡红元, 李兵, 王阳阳. 汽车四轮转向技术研究综述[J]. 上海汽车, 2021(4): 19-23., articleTitle=汽车四轮转向技术研究综述, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657122357752599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=21, issue=36, pageStart=15323, pageEnd=15332, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=38, authorNames=朱永强, 宋瑞琦, 刘贺, journalName=科学技术与工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=朱永强, 宋瑞琦, 刘贺, 等. 线控转向系统关键技术综述[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2021, 21(36): 15323-15332., articleTitle=线控转向系统关键技术综述, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657122420667160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=1, pageStart=1, pageEnd=12, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=39, authorNames=林贤坤, 卢彦希, 王志福, journalName=汽车技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=林贤坤, 卢彦希, 王志福, 等. 分布式驱动车辆操纵稳定性控制综述[J]. 汽车技术, 2024(1): 1-12., articleTitle=分布式驱动车辆操纵稳定性控制综述, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657122483581721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=13, issue=6, pageStart=867, pageEnd=878, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=40, authorNames=付翔, 谭雨豪, 刘泽轩, journalName=汽车工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=付翔, 谭雨豪, 刘泽轩, 等. 基于MPC的分布式驱动越野车辆原地转向控制研究[J]. 汽车工程学报, 2023, 13(6): 867-878., articleTitle=基于MPC的分布式驱动越野车辆原地转向控制研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657122563273498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=37, issue=3, pageStart=231, pageEnd=244, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[42], rfOrder=41, authorNames=吕皓玉, 王翔宇, 谢斌, journalName=中国公路学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=吕皓玉, 王翔宇, 谢斌, 等. 分布式电驱动汽车原地转向机理与控制方法研究[J]. 中国公路学报, 2024, 37(3): 231-244., articleTitle=分布式电驱动汽车原地转向机理与控制方法研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657122638770971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[43], rfOrder=42, authorNames=谢冬, journalName=电动线控转向系统设计与控制研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=谢冬. 电动线控转向系统设计与控制研究[D]. 合肥: 合肥工业大学, 2021., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657122705879836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=10, issue=8, pageStart=184, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[44], rfOrder=43, authorNames=HANG P, CHEN X, journalName=Actuators, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HANG P, CHEN X. Towards Autonomous Driving: Review and Perspectives on Configuration and Control of Four-Wheel Independent Drive/Steering Electric Vehicles[J]. Actuators, 2021, 10(8): 184., articleTitle=Towards Autonomous Driving: Review and Perspectives on Configuration and Control of Four-Wheel Independent Drive/Steering Electric Vehicles, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657122785571613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[45], rfOrder=44, authorNames=高兆桥, journalName=集成悬架系统的四轮线控转向系统研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=高兆桥. 集成悬架系统的四轮线控转向系统研究[D]. 淄博: 山东理工大学, 2023., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657122861069086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=46, issue=3, pageStart=606, pageEnd=614, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[46], rfOrder=45, authorNames=石沛林, 蒋军锡, 侯建伟, journalName=广西大学学报(自然科学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=石沛林, 蒋军锡, 侯建伟, 等. 考虑行驶稳定性的四轮转向车辆路径跟踪控制研究[J]. 广西大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 46(3): 606-614., articleTitle=考虑行驶稳定性的四轮转向车辆路径跟踪控制研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657122923983647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=8, pageStart=40, pageEnd=42, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[47], rfOrder=46, authorNames=郭子蒙, 辛青青, 张万枝, journalName=机械工程师, refType=null, unstructuredReference=郭子蒙, 辛青青, 张万枝, 等. 基于Matlab/Simulink的四轮转向汽车操纵稳定性分析[J]. 机械工程师, 2018(8): 40-42+45., articleTitle=基于Matlab/Simulink的四轮转向汽车操纵稳定性分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657123016258336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1544, pageEnd=1550, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[48], rfOrder=47, authorNames=SOUBOU H, OHHIRA T, SHIMADA A, journalName=IEEE, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SOUBOU H, OHHIRA T, SHIMADA A. An Attitude Control Considering Sideslip Phenomenon Using DOB-Based LMPC-LQR for Four-Wheel Steering Vehicle[C]//2018 57th Annual Conference of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers of Japan (SICE). IEEE, 2018: 1544-1550., articleTitle=An Attitude Control Considering Sideslip Phenomenon Using DOB-Based LMPC-LQR for Four-Wheel Steering Vehicle[C]//2018 57th Annual Conference of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers of Japan (SICE), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657123100144417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=1, pageStart=102, pageEnd=106, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[49], rfOrder=48, authorNames=谢纯禄, 范英, 杨金鑫, journalName=机械设计与制造, refType=null, unstructuredReference=谢纯禄, 范英, 杨金鑫, 等. 基于状态反馈的四轮转向汽车最优控制研究[J]. 机械设计与制造, 2022(1): 102-106., articleTitle=基于状态反馈的四轮转向汽车最优控制研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657123158864674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1175, pageEnd=1178, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[50], rfOrder=49, authorNames=PING X, LI T, HONG G, journalName=2013 Third International Conference on Intelligent System Design and Engineering Applications. IEEE, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PING X, LI T, HONG G. Research on Four-Wheel-Steering Automobile Based on Simulated Annealing PID Algorithm[C]// 2013 Third International Conference on Intelligent System Design and Engineering Applications. IEEE, 2013: 1175-1178., articleTitle=Research on Four-Wheel-Steering Automobile Based on Simulated Annealing PID Algorithm, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657123213390627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=5, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[51], rfOrder=50, authorNames=Cui G, Shang X, Li Z, Ning F, journalName=IEEE, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cui G, Shang X, Li Z, Ning F, et al. Lateral Stability Control of Four-Wheel Steering Vehicles[C]// 2019 3rd Conference on Vehicle Control and Intelligence (CVCI). IEEE, 2019: 1-5., articleTitle=Lateral Stability Control of Four-Wheel Steering Vehicles[C]// 2019 3rd Conference on Vehicle Control and Intelligence (CVCI), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657123272110884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=12, pageStart=119, pageEnd=123, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[52], rfOrder=51, authorNames=王欲进, 谢纯禄, 范英, journalName=机械设计与制造, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王欲进, 谢纯禄, 范英, 等. 四轮转向系统模糊PID控制研究[J]. 机械设计与制造, 2020(12): 119-123., articleTitle=四轮转向系统模糊PID控制研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657123343414053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=37, issue=1, pageStart=66, pageEnd=74, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[53], rfOrder=52, authorNames=李玉治, 李刚, 张志华, journalName=重庆理工大学学报(自然科学), refType=null, unstructuredReference=李玉治, 李刚, 张志华. 极限工况下无人驾驶四轮转向汽车横向跟踪控制策略[J]. 重庆理工大学学报(自然科学), 2023, 37(1): 66-74., articleTitle=极限工况下无人驾驶四轮转向汽车横向跟踪控制策略, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657123402134310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=1, pageStart=20, pageEnd=25, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[54], rfOrder=53, authorNames=邓召文, 易强, 高伟, journalName=机械设计与制造, refType=null, unstructuredReference=邓召文, 易强, 高伟, 等. 四轮转向汽车闭环LQR控制仿真研究[J]. 机械设计与制造, 2022(1): 20-25., articleTitle=四轮转向汽车闭环LQR控制仿真研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657123456660263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=77, issue=1-2, pageStart=1, pageEnd=21, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[55], rfOrder=54, authorNames=LIU R, WEI M, ZHAO W, journalName=International Journal of Vehicle Design, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU R, WEI M, ZHAO W. Trajectory Tracking Control of Four Wheel Steering under High Speed Emergency Obstacle Avoidance[J]. International Journal of Vehicle Design, 2018, 77(1-2): 1-21., articleTitle=Trajectory Tracking Control of Four Wheel Steering under High Speed Emergency Obstacle Avoidance, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657123519574824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=343, pageEnd=348, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[56], rfOrder=55, authorNames=WU H, LI Y, journalName=IEEE, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WU H, LI Y. Coordination Control of Path Tracking and Stability for 4WS Autonomous Vehicle[C]// In 2020 5th International Conference on Electromechanical Control Technology and Transportation (ICECTT), IEEE, 2020, 343-348., articleTitle=Coordination Control of Path Tracking and Stability for 4WS Autonomous Vehicle[C]// In 2020 5th International Conference on Electromechanical Control Technology and Transportation (ICECTT), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657123578295081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[57], rfOrder=56, authorNames=YAN Y, YU S, GAO X, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YAN Y, YU S, GAO X, et al. Continuous and Periodic Event-Triggered Sliding-Mode Control for Path Following of Underactuated Surface Vehicles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics, 2023., articleTitle=Continuous and Periodic Event-Triggered Sliding-Mode Control for Path Following of Underactuated Surface Vehicles, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657123695735594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=44, issue=6, pageStart=155, pageEnd=162, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[58], rfOrder=57, authorNames=马瑞兰, 郭唯浩, 姚俊明, journalName=青岛理工大学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=马瑞兰, 郭唯浩, 姚俊明, 等. 基于线控四轮转向系统的车辆横向控制策略[J]. 青岛理工大学学报, 2023, 44(6): 155-162., articleTitle=基于线控四轮转向系统的车辆横向控制策略, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657123750261547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=608, pageEnd=613, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[59], rfOrder=58, authorNames=KASAHARA M, KANAI Y, MORI Y, journalName=2009 4th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications. IEEE, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KASAHARA M, KANAI Y, MORI Y. Adjust Method of Nonlinear Gain in Four-Wheel Steering Control Using Sliding Mode Control[C]// 2009 4th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications. IEEE, 2009: 608-613., articleTitle=Adjust Method of Nonlinear Gain in Four-Wheel Steering Control Using Sliding Mode Control, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657123829953324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=23, issue=7, pageStart=3505, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[60], rfOrder=59, authorNames=ZHANG N, WANG J, LI Z, journalName=Sensors, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG N, WANG J, LI Z, et al. Coordinated Optimal Control of AFS and DYC for Four-Wheel Independent Drive Electric Vehicles Based on MAS Model[J]. Sensors, 2023, 23(7): 3505., articleTitle=Coordinated Optimal Control of AFS and DYC for Four-Wheel Independent Drive Electric Vehicles Based on MAS Model, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657123884479277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=45, issue=10, pageStart=1322, pageEnd=1326, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[61], rfOrder=60, authorNames=刘瑞峰, 陈勇, journalName=合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘瑞峰, 陈勇. 基于数据融合的四轮独立转向车辆研究[J]. 合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版), 2022, 45(10): 1322-1326+1359., articleTitle=基于数据融合的四轮独立转向车辆研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657123939005230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=56, issue=24, pageStart=106, pageEnd=114, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[62], rfOrder=61, authorNames=赵健, 邓志辉, 朱冰, journalName=机械工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=赵健, 邓志辉, 朱冰, 等. 基于RBF网络滑模的电动助力制动系统液压力控制[J]. 机械工程学报, 2020, 56(24): 106-114., articleTitle=基于RBF网络滑模的电动助力制动系统液压力控制, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657124006114095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1140, pageEnd=1145, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[63], rfOrder=62, authorNames=LI Q, LI J, WANG S, journalName=IEEE, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Q, LI J, WANG S, et al. Four Wheel Steering Vehicles stability Control Based on Adaptive Radial Basis Function Neural Network[C]// 2021 33rd Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE, 2021: 1140-1145., articleTitle=Four Wheel Steering Vehicles stability Control Based on Adaptive Radial Basis Function Neural Network[C]// 2021 33rd Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657124064834352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=17, issue=10, pageStart=2268, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[64], rfOrder=63, authorNames=TAN A, GAO L, CHEN Y, journalName=Energies, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TAN A, GAO L, CHEN Y. Model-Predictive-Control-Based Centralized Disturbance Suppression Strategy for Distributed Drive Electric Vehicle[J]. Energies, 2024, 17(10): 2268., articleTitle=Model-Predictive-Control-Based Centralized Disturbance Suppression Strategy for Distributed Drive Electric Vehicle, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657124119360305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=15, issue=3, pageStart=95, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[65], rfOrder=64, authorNames=YANG S, QIAN Y, HU W, journalName=World Electric Vehicle Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG S, QIAN Y, HU W, et al. Adaptive MPC-Based Lateral Path-Tracking Control for Automatic Vehicles[J]. World Electric Vehicle Journal, 2024, 15(3): 95., articleTitle=Adaptive MPC-Based Lateral Path-Tracking Control for Automatic Vehicles, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657124178080562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[66], rfOrder=65, authorNames=LIANG J, FENG J, FANG Z, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIANG J, FENG J, FANG Z, et al. An Energy-Oriented Torque-vector Control Framework for Distributed Drive Electric Vehicles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 2023., articleTitle=An Energy-Oriented Torque-vector Control Framework for Distributed Drive Electric Vehicles, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657124240995123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=8, issue=1, pageStart=572, pageEnd=582, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[67], rfOrder=66, authorNames=ZHAN J, MA Z, ZHANG L, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHAN J, MA Z, ZHANG L. Data-Driven Modeling and Distributed Predictive Control of Mixed Vehicle Platoons[J]. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles, 2022, 8(1): 572-582., articleTitle=Data-Driven Modeling and Distributed Predictive Control of Mixed Vehicle Platoons, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657124299715380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=6, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[68], rfOrder=67, authorNames=YU C, ZHENG Y, SHYROKAU B, journalName=IEEE, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YU C, ZHENG Y, SHYROKAU B, et al. MPC-Based Path Following Design for Automated Vehicles with Rear Wheel Steering[C]// 2021 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics (ICM). IEEE, 2021: 1-6., articleTitle=MPC-Based Path Following Design for Automated Vehicles with Rear Wheel Steering[C]// 2021 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics (ICM), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657124354241333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=22, issue=12, pageStart=1508, pageEnd=1511, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[69], rfOrder=68, authorNames=尤永, 黄俊杰, 王浩, journalName=中国机械工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=尤永, 黄俊杰, 王浩, 等. 基于横向位移控制4WS车辆操纵稳定性仿真研究[J]. 中国机械工程, 2011, 22(12): 1508-1511., articleTitle=基于横向位移控制4WS车辆操纵稳定性仿真研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657124408767286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=881, pageEnd=886, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[70], rfOrder=69, authorNames=LI B, YU F, journalName=2009 International Conference on Information and Automation. IEEE, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI B, YU F. Optimal Model Following Control of Four-Wheel Active Steering Vehicle[C]// 2009 International Conference on Information and Automation. IEEE, 2009: 881-886., articleTitle=Optimal Model Following Control of Four-Wheel Active Steering Vehicle, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657124471681847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=48, issue=8, pageStart=44, pageEnd=50, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[71], rfOrder=70, authorNames=张家旭, 卜纯研, 王晨, journalName=湖南大学学报(自然科学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=张家旭, 卜纯研, 王晨, 等. 线控四轮转向汽车平行泊车路径规划与跟踪控制[J]. 湖南大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 48 (8): 44-50., articleTitle=线控四轮转向汽车平行泊车路径规划与跟踪控制, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657124526207800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=34, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=25, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[72], rfOrder=71, authorNames=ZHANG L, ZHANG Z, WANG Z, journalName=Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG L, ZHANG Z, WANG Z, et al. Chassis Coordinated Control for Full X-by-Wire Vehicles-A Review[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2021, 34: 1-25., articleTitle=Chassis Coordinated Control for Full X-by-Wire Vehicles-A Review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657124584928057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=13, issue=11, pageStart=6703, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[73], rfOrder=72, authorNames=WANG X, LI Z, ZHANG F, journalName=Applied Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG X, LI Z, ZHANG F, et al. Vehicle Control Strategy Evaluation Based on the Driving Stability Region[J]. Applied Sciences, 2023, 13(11): 6703., articleTitle=Vehicle Control Strategy Evaluation Based on the Driving Stability Region, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657124647842618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=8, issue=1, pageStart=1338, pageEnd=1349, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[74], rfOrder=73, authorNames=HANG P, XIA X, CHEN G, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HANG P, XIA X, CHEN G, et al. Active Safety Control of Automated Electric Vehicles at Driving Limits: A Tube-Based MPC Approach[J]. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 2021, 8(1): 1338-1349., articleTitle=Active Safety Control of Automated Electric Vehicles at Driving Limits: A Tube-Based MPC Approach, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657124710757179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=69, issue=10, pageStart=10809, pageEnd=10819, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[75], rfOrder=74, authorNames=WANG Q, ZHAO Y, DENG Y, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Q, ZHAO Y, DENG Y, et al. Optimal Coordinated Control of ARS and DYC for Four-Wheel Steer and In-Wheel Motor Driven Electric Vehicle with Unknown Tire Model[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2020, 69(10): 10809-10819., articleTitle=Optimal Coordinated Control of ARS and DYC for Four-Wheel Steer and In-Wheel Motor Driven Electric Vehicle with Unknown Tire Model, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657124773671740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=70, issue=4, pageStart=3164, pageEnd=3174, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[76], rfOrder=75, authorNames=HANG P, XIA X, CHEN X, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HANG P, XIA X, CHEN X. Handling Stability Advancement with 4WS and DYC Coordinated Control: A Gain-Scheduled Robust Control Approach[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2021, 70(4): 3164-3174., articleTitle=Handling Stability Advancement with 4WS and DYC Coordinated Control: A Gain-Scheduled Robust Control Approach, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657124840780605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=2017, pageEnd=01, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[77], rfOrder=76, authorNames=HANG P, CHEN X, LUO F, journalName=SAE Technical Papers, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HANG P, CHEN X, LUO F. Path-Tracking Controller Design for a 4WIS and 4WID Electric Vehicle with Steer-by-Wire System[J]. SAE Technical Papers, 2017: 2017-01-1954., articleTitle=Path-Tracking Controller Design for a 4WIS and 4WID Electric Vehicle with Steer-by-Wire System, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657124899500862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=33, issue=null, pageStart=207, pageEnd=228, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[78], rfOrder=77, authorNames=MASHADI B, AHMADIZADEH P, MAJIDI M, journalName=Multibody System Dynamics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MASHADI B, AHMADIZADEH P, MAJIDI M, et al. Integrated Robust Controller for Vehicle Path Following[J]. Multibody System Dynamics, 2015, 33: 207-228., articleTitle=Integrated Robust Controller for Vehicle Path Following, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657124966609727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=38, issue=1, pageStart=13, pageEnd=17, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[79], rfOrder=78, authorNames=寇宝成, 刘成武, journalName=湖北汽车工业学院学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=寇宝成, 刘成武. 四轮转向汽车控制策略及稳定性研究[J]. 湖北汽车工业学院学报, 2024, 38(1): 13-17., articleTitle=四轮转向汽车控制策略及稳定性研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657125029524288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=58, issue=11, pageStart=1711, pageEnd=1735, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[80], rfOrder=79, authorNames=LIANG Y, LI Y, YU Y, journalName=Vehicle System Dynamics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIANG Y, LI Y, YU Y, et al. Integrated Lateral Control for 4WID/4WIS Vehicle in High-Speed Condition Considering the Magnitude of Steering[J]. Vehicle System Dynamics, 2020, 58(11): 1711-1735., articleTitle=Integrated Lateral Control for 4WID/4WIS Vehicle in High-Speed Condition Considering the Magnitude of Steering, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657125088244545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=236, issue=5, pageStart=893, pageEnd=906, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[81], rfOrder=80, authorNames=WANG Q, ZHAO Y, LIN F, journalName=Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Q, ZHAO Y, LIN F, et al. Integrated Control for Distributed in-Wheel Motor Drive Electric Vehicle Based on States Estimation and Nonlinear MPC[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, 2022, 236(5): 893-906., articleTitle=Integrated Control for Distributed in-Wheel Motor Drive Electric Vehicle Based on States Estimation and Nonlinear MPC, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657125146964802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=9, issue=null, pageStart=10338, pageEnd=10347, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[82], rfOrder=81, authorNames=YIM S, journalName=IEEE Access, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YIM S. Integrated Chassis Control with Four-Wheel Independent Steering Under Constraint On Front Slip Angles[J]. IEEE Access, 2021, 9: 10338-10347., articleTitle=Integrated Chassis Control with Four-Wheel Independent Steering Under Constraint On Front Slip Angles, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657125209879363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=11, issue=21, pageStart=4535, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[83], rfOrder=82, authorNames=KOSMIDIS A, IOANNIDIS G, VOKAS G, journalName=Mathematics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KOSMIDIS A, IOANNIDIS G, VOKAS G, et al. A Novel Real-Time Robust Controller of a Four-Wheel Independent Steering System for EV Using Neural Networks and Fuzzy Logic[J]. Mathematics, 2023, 11(21): 4535., articleTitle=A Novel Real-Time Robust Controller of a Four-Wheel Independent Steering System for EV Using Neural Networks and Fuzzy Logic, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657125276988228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=8, pageStart=83, pageEnd=89, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[84], rfOrder=83, authorNames=罗来军, 李伟超, 高大威, journalName=汽车零部件, refType=null, unstructuredReference=罗来军, 李伟超, 高大威, 等. 线控转向系统软硬件容错研究综述[J]. 汽车零部件, 2019(8): 83-89., articleTitle=线控转向系统软硬件容错研究综述, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657125335708485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=34, issue=5, pageStart=165, pageEnd=169, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[85], rfOrder=84, authorNames=于蕾艳, journalName=重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=于蕾艳. 汽车线控转向系统容错和故障诊断技术综述[J]. 重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版), 2015, 34(5): 165-169., articleTitle=汽车线控转向系统容错和故障诊断技术综述, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195657125394428742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=13, issue=21, pageStart=11859, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[86], rfOrder=85, authorNames=YANG A, ZANG Y, XU L, journalName=Applied Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG A, ZANG Y, XU L, et al. A Systematic Review and Future Development of Automotive Chassis Control Technology[J]. Applied Sciences, 2023, 13(21): 11859., articleTitle=A Systematic Review and Future Development of Automotive Chassis Control Technology, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1195657119887307504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, awardId=232102240049, language=CN, fundingSource=*河南省重点研发与推广专项(232102240049), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1195657116414423743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1195657116427006656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, companyId=1195657116414423743, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Henan College of Transportation, Zhengzhou 450000), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1195657116431200961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, companyId=1195657116414423743, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 河南交通职业技术学院, 郑州 450000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1195657116489921218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1195657116515087043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, companyId=1195657116489921218, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Automobile Research Institute of China Heavy Duty Automobile Group Co. Ltd, Jinan 250031), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1195657116523475652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, companyId=1195657116489921218, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 中国重型汽车集团有限公司, 济南 250031)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1195657118205391576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=kQbB3DPb71QRbKcmHWLfaA==, figureFileBig=dyiHQHU6RJqIbqYw6V0UMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195657118276694745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, language=CN, label=图1, caption=线控四轮转向系统构成, figureFileSmall=kQbB3DPb71QRbKcmHWLfaA==, figureFileBig=dyiHQHU6RJqIbqYw6V0UMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195657118356386522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=sjHIcxj0w+UriVCUa3UXBA==, figureFileBig=rH0JVoD8NhgftERiJyKkTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195657118415106779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, language=CN, label=图2, caption=采埃孚主动式后轮转向系统(AKC), figureFileSmall=sjHIcxj0w+UriVCUa3UXBA==, figureFileBig=rH0JVoD8NhgftERiJyKkTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195657118486409948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Zt7w2j1+q/pkC6dt3NY5/Q==, figureFileBig=jQahsGEFGLq9dj02/2JVpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195657118549324509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, language=CN, label=图3, caption=宝马7系后轮转向系统, figureFileSmall=Zt7w2j1+q/pkC6dt3NY5/Q==, figureFileBig=jQahsGEFGLq9dj02/2JVpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195657118616433374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=UOTjUuzXAdZgajbqAdhWtQ==, figureFileBig=L89//e9B2/FLx9iWzhclkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195657118679347935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, language=CN, label=图4, caption=四轮独立转向系统转向模式, figureFileSmall=UOTjUuzXAdZgajbqAdhWtQ==, figureFileBig=L89//e9B2/FLx9iWzhclkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195657118738068192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=yMrhOBzL2Sl81k5hK++pvA==, figureFileBig=dUenPgjdsj9p9r/zDF9a/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195657118792594145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, language=CN, label=图5, caption=舍弗勒线控转向驱动技术模块, figureFileSmall=yMrhOBzL2Sl81k5hK++pvA==, figureFileBig=dUenPgjdsj9p9r/zDF9a/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195657118931006178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=CfDkNW5U4fJF+5wvt2M01w==, figureFileBig=o48yv3lbuPyxi4/uZZMaSw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195657118981337827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, language=CN, label=图6, caption=Protean360+转向驱动系统, figureFileSmall=CfDkNW5U4fJF+5wvt2M01w==, figureFileBig=o48yv3lbuPyxi4/uZZMaSw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195657119056835300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Qj/W3t3C6Th9mMQrB1pnsg==, figureFileBig=yoJoOKwkfbcEGacmo3p1Ug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195657119136527077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, language=CN, label=图7, caption=PID四轮控制流程, figureFileSmall=Qj/W3t3C6Th9mMQrB1pnsg==, figureFileBig=yoJoOKwkfbcEGacmo3p1Ug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195657119195247334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Hj4C0Y2FmJnrb5/gZrYhoQ==, figureFileBig=lYtEfepBGpW7Xft6kBOOgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195657119249773287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, language=CN, label=图8, caption=模糊PID四轮控制流程, figureFileSmall=Hj4C0Y2FmJnrb5/gZrYhoQ==, figureFileBig=lYtEfepBGpW7Xft6kBOOgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195657119308493544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=PDAiLu6+JUEfFNz4IkH/Yw==, figureFileBig=38x5SONKM5eScjVoJBlz4w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195657119367213801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, language=CN, label=图9, caption=汽车四轮转向LQR控制流程, figureFileSmall=PDAiLu6+JUEfFNz4IkH/Yw==, figureFileBig=38x5SONKM5eScjVoJBlz4w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195657119421739754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=l6uRazaDSyJEBC9D+v7WFA==, figureFileBig=iWEBvJ4V1KSrFNia9p3ovw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195657119484654315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, language=CN, label=图10, caption=RBF网络的结构, figureFileSmall=l6uRazaDSyJEBC9D+v7WFA==, figureFileBig=iWEBvJ4V1KSrFNia9p3ovw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195657119543374572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=WJuD0eigzHLIG45tVZIYag==, figureFileBig=BHzkHZXej/VkioJISa9HFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195657119606289133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, language=CN, label=图11, caption=MPC四轮转向控制流程, figureFileSmall=WJuD0eigzHLIG45tVZIYag==, figureFileBig=BHzkHZXej/VkioJISa9HFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195657119660815086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
车型 车长
/mm
轴距
/mm
后轮转角
/±(°)
转弯半径
/m
价格
/万元
奔驰EQS 5 227 3 210 10.0 5.45 88~133
小鹏X9 5 293 3 160 5.0 5.40 38
智己L7 5 098 3 100 6.0 5.40 33~57
高合Hiphi X 5 230 3 150 5.0 5.80 57~80
路特斯Eletre 5 103 3 019 3.5 5.30 82~102
), ArticleFig(id=1195657119732118255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1195431906830496270, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

搭载后轮转向系统的电动汽车品牌

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
车型 车长
/mm
轴距
/mm
后轮转角
/±(°)
转弯半径
/m
价格
/万元
奔驰EQS 5 227 3 210 10.0 5.45 88~133
小鹏X9 5 293 3 160 5.0 5.40 38
智己L7 5 098 3 100 6.0 5.40 33~57
高合Hiphi X 5 230 3 150 5.0 5.80 57~80
路特斯Eletre 5 103 3 019 3.5 5.30 82~102
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1149694111122235398, delFlag=0, nameCn=汽车文摘, nameEn=Automotive Digest, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1671-6329, eissn=null, cn=22-1112/U, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=luiJW6+BcEXciylORYcumg==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=null, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1752038036376, updatedTime=1761735682597, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=A, firstLetterEn=A, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=Engineering, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=luiJW6+BcEXciylORYcumg==, picEn=O+ZP75C19YktWcRPOtyJBw==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1190368987570606240, language=CN, name=汽车文摘, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735682623, updatedTime=1761735682623, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://qcwz.cbpt.cnki.net/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://qcwz.cbpt.cnki.net/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://qcwz.cbpt.cnki.net/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1190368987625132193, language=EN, name=Automotive Digest, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735682636, updatedTime=1761735682636, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://qcwz.cbpt.cnki.net/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://qcwz.cbpt.cnki.net/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://qcwz.cbpt.cnki.net/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1189645257101713411, websiteList=[Website(id=1189645359124066938, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1189645257101713411, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcwz/CN, language=CN, createTime=1761563156157, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761563183518, updateBy=18614031015, name=汽车文摘-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=汽车文摘, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189645933336867479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359124066938, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761563293060, updateTime=1761563293060, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189645933315895956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359124066938, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761563293055, updateTime=1761563293055, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189645933353644698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359124066938, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761563293064, updateTime=1761563293064, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189645933307507347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359124066938, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcwz/CN/file/pic?fileId=wLaOR3KnYrzJXN7hXuyp1Q==, createTime=1761563293053, updateTime=1761563293053, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189645933366227612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359124066938, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761563293067, updateTime=1761563293067, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189645933332673174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359124066938, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcwz/CN/file/pic, createTime=1761563293059, updateTime=1761563293059, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189645933362033307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359124066938, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761563293066, updateTime=1761563293066, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189645933324284565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359124066938, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1761563293057, updateTime=1761563293057, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189645933345256088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359124066938, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761563293062, updateTime=1761563293062, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189645933349450393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359124066938, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761563293063, updateTime=1761563293063, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1189645359224730237, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1189645257101713411, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcwz/EN, language=EN, createTime=1761563156181, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761563214005, updateBy=18614031015, name=汽车文摘-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Automotive Digest, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189645970888471201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359224730237, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761563302013, updateTime=1761563302013, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189645970871693982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359224730237, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761563302009, updateTime=1761563302009, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189645970905248420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359224730237, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761563302017, updateTime=1761563302017, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189645970863305373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359224730237, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcwz/EN/file/pic?fileId=wLaOR3KnYrzJXN7hXuyp1Q==, createTime=1761563302007, updateTime=1761563302007, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189645970917831334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359224730237, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761563302020, updateTime=1761563302020, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189645970884276896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359224730237, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcwz/EN/file/pic, createTime=1761563302012, updateTime=1761563302012, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189645970913637029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359224730237, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761563302019, updateTime=1761563302019, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189645970880082591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359224730237, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1761563302011, updateTime=1761563302011, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189645970892665506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359224730237, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761563302014, updateTime=1761563302014, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189645970896859811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359224730237, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761563302015, updateTime=1761563302015, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=汽车文摘, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://qcwz.cbpt.cnki.net/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Automotive Digest, journalPhotoCn=luiJW6+BcEXciylORYcumg==, journalPhotoEn=O+ZP75C19YktWcRPOtyJBw==, journalFirstLetter=A, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcwz/CN/10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20240222, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcwz/EN/10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20240222, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcwz/CN/PDF/10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20240222, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcwz/EN/PDF/10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20240222, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
四轮转向系统技术研究现状及应用进展*
收藏切换
PDF下载
靖长青 1 , 宋义彤 2
汽车文摘 | 2025,(3): 8-16
收起
收藏切换
汽车文摘 | 2025, (3): 8-16
四轮转向系统技术研究现状及应用进展*
全屏
靖长青1, 宋义彤2
作者信息
  • 1 河南交通职业技术学院, 郑州 450000
  • 2 中国重型汽车集团有限公司, 济南 250031
Four-Wheel Steering System Technology Research Status and Application Progress
Changqing Jing1, Yitong Song2
Affiliations
  • 1 Henan College of Transportation, Zhengzhou 450000
  • 2 Automobile Research Institute of China Heavy Duty Automobile Group Co. Ltd, Jinan 250031
出版时间: 2025-03-05 doi: 10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20240222
文章导航
收藏切换

为了提升车辆的操纵稳定性和转向灵活性,通过文献综述对四轮转向系统结构、技术应用和控制方案3方面进行分析,总结了汽车四轮转向技术的主要研究方法和应用成果。当前汽车四轮转向系统的发展呈现电动化、智能化、集成化特点。四轮转向系统从经典的机械随动结构到逐渐向成熟的电动主动四轮转向结构过渡,四轮转向系统控制方案从性能单一的四轮转向控制技术向复杂的多系统集成和主动容错控制技术方向发展。未来,电动化、模块化、精准、快速和安全可靠的先进四轮转向系统是四轮转向的发展趋势,也是实现车辆操纵稳定性、转向机动灵活性提升的有效途径。

电动汽车  /  四轮转向系统  /  线控转向技术  /  控制策略

In order to enhance the vehicle’s maneuverability and steering flexibility, a literature review is conducted to analyze the structures, technical applications, and controlling schemes of four-wheel steering systems, and summarize the main research methods and application outcomes of automotive four-wheel steering technology. Currently, the developement of automotive four-wheel steering systems is characterized by electrification, intelligence and integration. The four-wheel steering system is transitioning from the classic mechanical passive structure to a more mature electric active four-wheel steering structure. The control schemes for four-wheel steering systems have evolved from single-performance four-wheel steering control technology towards more complex multi-system integration and active fault-tolerant control technology. In the future, electrification, modularity, precision, speed,and safety-reliability are trends for advanced four-wheel steering systems, which are also effective ways to enhance the vehicle maneuverability and steering flexibility.

Electric vehicle (EV)  /  Four-wheel steering system  /  Steer-by-wire technology  /  Control strategy
靖长青, 宋义彤. 四轮转向系统技术研究现状及应用进展*. 汽车文摘, 2025 , (3) : 8 -16 . DOI: 10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20240222
Changqing Jing, Yitong Song. Four-Wheel Steering System Technology Research Status and Application Progress[J]. Automotive Digest, 2025 , (3) : 8 -16 . DOI: 10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20240222
随着用户对汽车性能的要求越来越高,车辆操控性能成为用户关注的焦点,转向系统作为整车操控性的关键技术也成为汽车领域的核心技术和研发热点[1-2]。四轮转向(Four-Wheel-Steer, 4WS)系统是主动底盘控制系统的重要组成部分,是现代车辆提高操纵稳定性和主动安全性的关键技术之一[3-4]。传统的转向技术只涉及前转向轮,四轮转向技术通过控制后轮的转向角度或对4个车轮进行实时单独转向控制。四轮转向技术可以显著提高车辆的操控性能,减小车辆的转弯半径,同时可以让车辆在停车掉头时更加灵活地转向[5-9]。现代汽车技术快速发展推动四轮转向技术不断进步,汽车市场和试验室内已经出现了多种不同结构形式、不同控制方案的四轮转向系统。其中,线控转向取消了转向轴和转向器之间的机械连接,完全由电能来实现转向,能够实现更精准、敏捷的转向性能,具备更高的集成度[10-12]。分布式四轮线控转向系统相比于前轮线控转向,能够提供更大范围的侧向控制力,而且可以完成低速转向、原地转向、斜行、平移等特殊运动工况,是未来汽车动力转向技术的发展趋势[13-22]。本文通过对国内外相关文献进行综述,总结四轮转向系统结构、先进四轮转向系统应用及发展、四轮转向控制策略,总结四轮转向系统、先进控制技术的发展趋势,并对未来汽车四轮转向技术的发展进行展望。
四轮转向具有转向灵活、易实现漂移、便于侧方位停车等优点。四轮转向系统按其结构可分为机械式四轮转向系统、液压助力四轮转向系统、电动助力四轮转向系统、线控四轮转向系统等[23]
机械式转向系统主要包括3个部分:前轮转向机构、后轮转向机构和前后转向系统间的传动机构。在行驶的过程中,当车辆转向时,传动轴就会通过连杆和摇臂对后轮进行控制,从而完成后轮的转向操作。此时,前轮转向系统则依然由转向盘来控制[24]
液压四轮转向系统主要包括前轮动力转向器、油泵、控制阀、后轮转向动力油缸以及后轮专用油泵。其中,前轮动力转向器采用齿轮齿条式设计,由发动机驱动转向油泵,与传统液压助力转向系统相似。后轮系统则由控制阀、后轮转向油泵和动力油缸组成并协同工作,确保在不同驾驶条件下提供精准转向[25]
电控电动式4WS系统主要由前轮转向器、车速及轮速传感器、电子控制单元(Electronic Control Unit, ECU)、步进电动机和后轮转向器等组成。传感器主要通过捕捉车辆的运动状态信息(如车辆转向盘转角,转向轴扭矩、车辆速度、航向角等),并将这些信息传输到ECU上,ECU根据这些信息控制前后轮转向方向和角度,以实现四轮同步转向[26]
目前,电动四轮转向技术多数采用主动后轮转向,并且只采用单电机或发动机独立驱动。由于只有后轮转角一个控制变量,只能控制车辆的质心侧偏角或横摆角速度,使提升车辆操纵稳定性、轨迹跟踪、转向灵活性受限[27-28]。随着汽车底盘技术的发展,车辆的前轮和后轮都能够进行独立转向的四轮转向控制系统更有优势,主动四轮转向控制技术成为研究热点[29]
线控四轮驱动/转向系统(Four-Wheel-Independent Steering and Four-Wheel Independent Driving,4WID-4WIS)是一种全新的电动汽车构型。与传统汽车相比,4WID-4WIS系统取消了传动轴、差速器和减速器,省略了机械传动系统,由轮毂电机直接驱动车轮,简化了底盘结构并増大了控制分配的自由度。并且,4WID-4WIS系统取消了转向系统之间的机械连接部件,完全通过线束连接实现四轮独立转向,可以减小转向系统的体积。在线控四轮驱动转向系统中,转向盘布置更加灵活,为车内提供更多空间,并且使转向系统更加灵敏、响应更快,提高了驾驶舒适性。因此,线控四轮驱动转向系统是目前企业和学术界研发和关注的焦点[30]
线控四轮驱动转向系统主要包含转向盘、主控制器CPU、前后转向执行器、各类传感器、电源等。其中,转向盘、主控制器、执行器模块是线控四轮驱动转向系统的3个主要部分,如图1所示。
四轮转向技术因成本等原因还未在各类车型普及,但是由于四轮转向卓越的性能特点,具有较大的发展潜力。目前,越来越多的汽车品牌在高端车型上应用主动四轮转向技术[31]
随着汽车电动化技术的发展,经典的后轮随动转向技术无法满足用户对于车辆转向性能的要求,主动式的后轮转向系统成为车企及零部件供应商的研发和关注焦点[32-33]
主动式后轮转向的核心是在车辆的后轴上布置一个精密的转向电机。该电机通过丝杠螺母机构推动转向拉杆,从而改变后轮角度。在低速行驶时,通过使后轮和前轮反向转动,可以减小转弯半径提高车辆的灵活性。在高速行驶时,后轮与前轮同向转动,可以提高变道时车身的稳定性[34-35]
当车速超过60 km/h后,后轮会与前轮同向转动,产生出类似于平移的变线感觉。这种驾驶反馈因人而异,因此制造商通常将主动式后轮转向系统设计成可选装的配置,以满足不同驾驶者的偏好。
除了软硬件的复杂性,主动式后轮转向还受到车型的限制。这种技术主要应用于五连杆后悬架系统,通常在高端品牌车型上应用,该技术显著提升了车辆的操控性能和驾驶体验[36-37]
采埃孚首创的后轮转向(Active Kinematic Control, AKC)于2013年首次在保时捷911上量产(见图2),随后广泛在豪华品牌车型中应用[38]
为提高汽车的操控性能,宝马7系配备了后轮主动转向系统(见图3)。当车速低于60 km/h时,主动后转向系统能够让后轮向前轮相反的方向扭转2.5°,这使得转向更加轻便灵活,当行车速高于60 km/h时,后轮与前轮的转向方向完全一致,配合主动悬架系统和动态防侧倾,不仅能减少后排乘客晃动感,还大幅提高了高速行驶安全性。
车企研发的后轮转向技术原理、结构以及实现方式差别不大。豪华汽车品牌中,大众途锐、新一代奥迪Q7、凯迪拉克CT6、保时捷918和法拉利GTC4Lusso超级跑车都装备了主动后轮转向技术[39-40]。目前在新能源汽车领域,装备主动后轮转向系统的纯电动汽车品牌如表1所示。
摩比斯Mobion概念车采用了线控转向技术,其e-Corner系统将轮毂电机和独立的转向装置集成到每个车轮上,单个车轮都能单向旋转90°,通过不同车轮的转向和驱动组合使车辆能够侧向移动、进行“螃蟹模式”行驶以及原地转向等特殊动作,见图4[41-42]
舍弗勒开发的线控智能转向驱动模块技术把驱动电机、转向、制动器、悬架系统集成在一起,可实现轮内电机驱动/制动系统、悬架系统和独立转向系统的集成控制。图5展示了舍弗勒智能转向驱动模块的不同视角,该模块可以帮助车辆实现90°的转向角度[43-44]
轮毂驱动系统研发公司Protean Electric发布了全新的车轮解决方案“Protean 360+”转向技术[45]。如图6所示,Protean开发的轮毂电机驱动系统集成了悬架、驱动电机和转向系统,该模块可以使车辆原地转向360°,可以侧向行驶,这有效提升车辆的机动性能。 Protean Electric 360控制单元的驱动电机最大扭矩为1 250 N·m,Protean 360悬架系统可以用气动方式对车辆进行高度调节。整个机构设计得更为紧凑,为车身节省出更多的空间,可以布置更多的动力电池。
信息技术、集成电路、微电子领域的技术发展推动了汽车底盘控制技术的发展。汽车底盘控制包含车轮的驱动和制动控制以及前后轮的转向角分配,实现这些功能都需要先进的电机电子控制技术。在车辆四轮转向过程中,车辆的前轮和后轮在不同车速下的转向方式不同,转向角度也不同,并且在分布式车辆构型中四轮驱动系统和四轮转向系统可以单独控制[46]。因此,国内外学者研究四轮转向控制策略以改善汽车性能。
早期四轮转向控制以前馈控制为基础,前馈控制通过简单数学模型计算得到汽车前/后轮的转向比,不能对车辆在行驶过程中的状态参数变化进行检测,无法适应车辆多变路况下的行驶需求,因此前馈控制的特点是抗外界干扰差,对道路工况的适应性也较差[47]。为了弥补以上前馈型四轮转向控制策略的缺点,反馈型控制策略的研究成为研究热点[48]。反馈型控制能实时监测车辆质心侧偏角、横摆角速度等状态量,并将状态信息反馈给4WS控制器进行补偿计算,反馈型控制策略能够满足车辆在复杂行驶工况下的控制需求并能提高了车辆在行驶中的操稳性和安全性[49]
近年来很多学者提出了改进型的反馈控制策略,经典的比例-积分-微分(Proportion Integration Differention, PID)控制理论应用在后轮转角控制中,PID控制器对理想质心侧偏角与实际质心侧偏角偏差进行计算,可以获得理想的后轮转角[50-51]。PID控制流程如图7所示。
由于车辆转向工况的复杂性,传统的PID控制只适用于线性模式,而对于车辆复杂的非线性系统无法达到良好的控制效果,模糊控制恰好弥补了这个缺点。由图8所示,模糊控制器可以利用模糊规则对PID参数进行灵活的调整,从而构成了模糊PID控制器的核心。文献[52]设计了模糊PID控制策略对四轮转向系统进行控制,仿真结果表明模糊PID控制可以克服线性控制器的缺点,能够提高汽车的操纵稳定性。
为了改善四轮转向汽车在不同附着系数路面上的轨迹跟踪精度,李玉治等[53]采用模型预测控制设计前轮转向控制器,采用模糊控制设计了后轮转向控制器。仿真结果表明所提出的4WS控制策略可提升车辆在高速转弯的转向稳定性,能够提高轨迹跟踪精度。
线性二次调节器(Linear Quadratic Regulator, LQR)可得到状态线性反馈的最优控制规律,易于构成闭环最优控制,是现代控制理论中发展较为成熟的一部分。邓召文等[54]建立了四轮转向二次型最优控制器,和普通前后轮转角的比例控制相比,LQR控制器可以提高车辆的道路轨迹跟踪和操纵稳定性能。线性二次型调节器控制算法在四轮转向系统控制方法比较常见,文献[55-56]采用LQR控制策略对车辆路径跟踪性能进行研究。汽车四轮转向LQR控制器的控制流程如图9所示。
滑模变结构控制器(Sliding Mode Control, SMC)因其算法简单、响应快速、鲁棒性好,在汽车底盘控制领域得到了广泛的应用[57]。文献[58]考虑车辆的前后轴轮胎侧偏刚度的非线性变化,设计了四轮转向控制系统的自适应滑模控制器。文献[59-61]采用滑模控制对车辆的前后轮转角进行主动调节,试验结果表明,滑模控制策略可以有效改善四轮转向车辆机动灵活性和高速行驶转向的操纵稳定性。
由于车辆自身的非线性、信号时延和参数不确定性,车辆控制还受到道路附着系数变化、侧向风等外界因素影响。因此,传统控制方法难以实现稳定、精确的控制。径向基神经网络控制(Radial Basis Function Network,RBF)是以径向基函数作为激活函数的人工神经网络,具有很强的非线性拟合能力,而且学习规则简单,学习过程收敛速度快,为解决车辆模型参数的不确定性、外界的扰动以及车辆自适应控制问题提供了有效的途径[62]。RBF神经网络结构是一种三层神经网络,包括输入层、隐层、输出层。从输入空间到隐层空间的变换是非线性的,而从隐层空间到输出层空间的变换是线性的,见图10。文献[63]建立了自适应RBF神经网络分层控制器,通过主动控制后轮转角,完成车辆的四轮转向控制。论文对构建的控制策略与(前馈-反馈)控制和前轮转向车辆进行了对比,自适应RBF神经网络控制能显著减小滑移角,横摆角速度也较理想。
模型预测控制(Model Predictive Control, MPC)与传统的PID控制不同,它通过建立系统的动态模型,结合实时反馈信息,在每一时刻上通过优化未来一段时间的控制输入,从而实现对系统的精准控制,如图11所示。这种方法允许系统考虑当前状态及未来预测状态,以选择最优的控制策略,从而适应系统的动态变化和不确定性[64-67]。文献[68]根据非线性模型控制理论设计了主动后轮控制策略,用于改善车辆轨迹跟踪能力,与LQR控制对比分析结果表明,所提出控制方案具有最佳的整体路径跟踪性能。
为了提高车辆的操纵稳定性,文献[69-70]都建立了集成前馈和反馈的4WS控制器,该控制方案能够准确地跟踪参考模型的动态特性,有效地提高轮胎的饱和裕度。文献[71]提出了基于前馈控制和反馈控制集成的平行泊车路径跟踪控制策略,仿真测试表明所提出的方法可以快速、精确和稳定地控制四轮转向汽车自动完成平行泊车任务。
受车辆系统特性和轮胎力饱和度的限制,当附加偏航力矩需求过大或车辆运行在非线性区域时,4WS转向系统无法提供稳定车辆转向所需的附件偏航力矩。这时如果车辆配置了直接横摆力矩系统(Direct Yaw-moment Control,DYC)可以产生一个理想的额外偏航力矩从而维持了车辆在非线性区域下的稳定性[72]。文献[73]基于行驶稳定区域的车辆控制策略评价方法分别建立了DYC和4WS两种车辆控制策略,并通过非线性分析方法验证了控制策略的有效性。通过行驶稳定区域的车辆控制策略评价得出结论:DYC车辆的稳定区域大于4WS车辆。
为了同时提高自动驾驶汽车的路径跟踪性能和操纵稳定性,Peng等[74]设计了4WS和DYC集成控制器。为了验证所设计的集成控制器的性能,进行了硬件在环HIL测试。测试结果表明,所提出的集成控制器可以同时提高车辆的路径跟踪性能和操纵稳定性。同时,对于低附路面和大曲率路径跟踪工况具有良好的鲁棒性。
为了提高四轮转向和轮毂电机驱动电动汽车的操控性能,Wang等[75]提出了主动后轮转向(Active Rear Steering, ARS)和直接偏航力矩控制相结合的最优协调控制方法。该研究考虑了未知轮胎模型的不确定性和路面扰动,以最小的轮胎载荷和控制输入为目标,得到了驱动转矩分配值和后轮转向角度。
为了提高车辆在极端恶劣工况下的操纵稳定性,文献[76]采用最优控制理论设计了自适应增益调度鲁棒稳定控制器,对4WS系统和DYC控制系统进行了协调控制。仿真测试表明,所提出的控制策略鲁棒性好,能够改善车辆在复杂工况下的操控性。文献[77]指出4WID-4WIS车辆更灵活,具有更好的机动性,有利于实现高精度轨迹跟踪,同时保持更好的操纵稳定性。同时提出车辆多个子系统之间的集成协调分配也是影响4WID-4WIS车辆操稳性的重要因素。文献[78-79]也对如何提升车辆路径跟踪和操纵稳定性进行了研究。针对高速工况下车辆横向控制难点,文献[80]提出了高速工况下车辆四轮独立驱动系统和四轮独立转向系统协调控制的方案。
为了实现分布式轮毂电机驱动电动汽车操控性、横向稳定性、防侧翻性等多个控制目标的优化,文献[81]设计了非线性模型预测控制器(Nonlinear Model Predictive Control, NMPC),充分利用分布式电动汽车四轮转向、四轮驱动和主动悬架技术的优势,以提高NMPC控制系统的整体性能。文献[82]提出了多个执行器的集成控制策略,设计了四轮独立转向、四轮独立制动和四轮独立驱动的底盘综合控制系统。为了解决前轮的横向轮胎力很容易饱和,从而影响控制性能的问题,该研究对轮胎的滑移角进行约束。仿真结果表明,在轮胎滑移角约束下,所提出的集成底盘控制器能够保持横向稳定性和机动性,且性能不下降。
先进线控底盘包括线控驱动、线控转向、线控制动和线控悬架子系统,多个子系统单独工作会彼此干扰,因此线控底盘各个子系统的高效协调控制是提升车辆性能和安全的关键[83]。相比于传统的机械系统,多系统集成技术的可靠性和安全性较差。因为4WID-4WIS车辆有多个涉及转向、驱动和制动的控制执行器,另外线控转向技术仍然不是一个成熟的技术,因此有必要设计有效的主动容错控制系统来保证系统功能安全性[84-86]
从四轮转向结构方案、四轮转向技术应用、四轮转向控制方案等方面,详细论述了四轮转向技术的发展、应用以及四轮转向系统多样的控制方法,可以看出无论是机械式四轮转向技术还是电动主动式四轮转向技术在现代汽车上应用都大大提升的汽车底盘的运动操控性能,比如车速较低时四轮转向系统给车辆提供较高的转向灵活性和灵敏性,还明显缩小了转弯轨迹;车速较高时四轮转向系统是转向更加平稳,提高操纵稳定性,提升了驾驶体验。特别是4WID-4WIS新型转向模式技术可以让车辆实现原地掉头、螃蟹横行、垂直入库等。因此,四轮转向技术的卓越性能是当前各大科研院所和企业都重点研究的关键技术。
结合当前四轮转向技术发展现状,优秀的操纵稳定性、转向机动灵活性和路径跟踪性能是四轮转向系统研究的主要目标。要达成上述控制目标的控制方法有很多,其中四轮转向系统与其他底盘电控系统集成控制是一条可行的路径。通过融合线控制动、线控悬架、线控驱动系统等多个执行器和控制系统来协调优化各子系统。因此,开发多系统集成、鲁棒性强、环境适应性优异的控制策略将成为未来四轮转向系统控制发展的主要方向,从而使整车行驶性能最优。
  • *河南省重点研发与推广专项(232102240049)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
YANG A, ZANG Y, XU L, et al. A Systematic Review and Future Development of Automotive Chassis Control Technology[J]. Applied Sciences, 2023, 13(21): 11859.
[2]
GAO J, QI X. Study of the Influence of Universal Gearing of Steering System on Vehicle Handling Stability[J]. Science Progress, 2023, 106(3): 368504231195495.
[3]
HUANG B, YUAN Z, PENG D, et al. Coordination Control of Active Steering and Direct Yaw Control for the Articulated Steering Vehicle[J]. Shock and Vibration, 2023(1): 5577119.
[4]
梁晓亮. 基于汽车电子控制技术的四轮转向系统[J]. 时代汽车, 2023(1): 127-129.
[5]
YU S, LI W, LI Y, et al. Nonlinear Predictive Control of Active Four-Wheel Steering Vehicles[J]. International Journal of Control, Automation and Systems, 2023, 21(10): 3336-3347.
[6]
WEISS E, GERDES J C. High Speed Emulation in a Vehicle-In-the-Loop Driving Simulator[J]. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles, 2022, 8(2): 1826-1836.
[7]
张佩, 孙文新, 胡杰, 等. 四轮转向车辆后轮转角控制方法研究[J]. 汽车工程, 2023, 45(12): 2242-2250.
[8]
许艳, 刘阳毅. 四轮转向干预下电动助力转向控制策略研究[J]. 湖南大学学报(自然科学版), 2024, 51(2): 144-150.
[9]
李刚, 张兴, 卢丽霞. 分布式驱动电动汽车四轮转向与横摆力矩集成控制研[J]. 重庆理工大学学报(自然科学), 2023, 37(5): 19-28.
[10]
邹理炎, 朱忠民, 陈晓星. 汽车线控转向关键技术浅析[J]. 内燃机与配件, 2024(4): 106-108.
[11]
贺林, 徐子昂, 黄春荣, 等. 线控转向系统转角预测滑模控制算法研究[J]. 汽车工程, 2023, 45(12): 2200-2208.
[12]
郑凯, 吴晓东, 应东平, 等. 面向全矢量线控车辆极限运动的分层式协同控制[J]. 汽车工程学报, 2024, 14(2): 205-216.
[13]
张寒, 刘开华, 王春燕, 等. 四轮分布式线控转向系统稳定与协调控制研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2024, 60(10): 425-438.
[14]
IRMER M, DEGEN R, NÜßGEN A, et al. Development and Analysis of a Detail Model for Steer-by-Wire Systems[J]. IEEE Access, 2023, 11: 7229-7236.
[15]
SHAO W, LIANG X, FANG T, et al. Active Steering Stability Control of Steer-by-Wire Vehicles Based on Variable Horizon-Robust Model Predictive Control[J]. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 2023, 45(8): 410.
[16]
陈龙浩. 汽车线控转向控制技术综述[J]. 汽车实用技术, 2020, 45(19): 253-257.
[17]
李以农, 杨阳, 孙伟, 等. 电动汽车底盘一体化控制技术的发展趋势与展望[J]. 世界科技研究与发展, 2016, 38(3): 481-491.
[18]
YIM S, YI K. Design of an Active Roll Control System for Hybrid Four-Wheel-Drive Vehicles[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of automobile engineering, 2013, 227(2): 151-163.
[19]
张乐超, 陈宝峰, 许沧粟. 汽车底盘控制技术发展综述[J]. 机械科学与技术, 2010, 29(12): 1612-1616.
[20]
何浩然, 单鹏, 李刚, 等. 汽车四轮转向控制策略研究[J]. 汽车实用技术, 2016(1): 32-34.
[21]
高琛, 庞辉. 轿车前轮角输入的随动转向分析与仿真[J]. 机械设计, 2009 (2): 29-31.
[22]
徐晓美, 陈宁, LEE H P. 后轮随动转向技术应用研究综述[J]. 汽车技术, 2016(7): 1-6+16.
[23]
来鑫, 陈辛波, 武晓俊, 等. 四轮独立驱动与转向电动车辆运动控制系统及控制策略研究[J]. 汽车工程学报, 2015, 5(5): 334-340.
[24]
程修正, 李建华, 周傲, 等. 一种机械式四轮转向系统性能分析[J]. 汽车实用技术, 2022, 47(2): 61-64.
[25]
马慧, 黄兵锋, 范卫兵, 等. 某特种车辆四轮转向系统设计[J]. 湖北汽车工业学院学报, 2021, 35(4): 38-42.
[26]
杨林, 陈思忠, 丛振刚. 四轮转向汽车电子控制系统的研究与开发[J]. 重型汽车, 2001(1): 10-11.
[27]
赵明慧, 郭浩然, 张利鹏, 等. 四轮独立转向分布式驱动电动汽车单轮转向失效行驶稳定性控制[J]. 机械工程学报, 2024, 60(10): 507-522.
[28]
于树友, 谭雷, 王伍洋, 等. 基于三步法的汽车主动四轮转向控制[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2019, 49(3): 934-942.
[29]
刘文光, 徐畅, 王志民, 等. 线控主动四轮转向汽车控制策略及试验研究[J]. 农业装备与车辆工程, 2022, 60(6): 63-67.
[30]
陈俐, 李雄, 程小宣, 等. 汽车线控转向系统研究进展综述[J]. 汽车技术, 2018(4): 23-34.
[31]
乔建璐, 范英, 晋民杰, 等. 四轮转向车辆转向特性研究[J]. 中北大学学报(自然科学版), 2017, 38(4): 458-465.
[32]
李铂, 陈善华. 随动转向的分析与综合方法研究[J]. 汽车工程, 2006(9): 829-833.
[33]
YU S, LI W, WANG W, et al. Nonlinear Control of Active Four Wheel Steer-by-Wire Vehicles[J]. IEEE Access, 2019, 7: 127117-127127.
[34]
张鹏, 张强, 赵晨鸿, 等. 基于主动后轮转向的车辆稳定性控制策略[J]. 计算机仿真, 2024, 42(8): 143-149.
[35]
檀振贤, 金阳, 刘成武. 主动后轮转向对车辆操纵稳定性的影响[J]. 机械设计, 2022, 39(S2): 56-61.
[36]
付翔, 杨凤举, 黄斌, 等. 主动后轮转向四轮独立驱动车辆的协调控制[J]. 江苏大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 42(5): 497-505.
[37]
赵韩, 邓斌. 考虑不确定扰动的主动后轮转向动力学控制与试验研究[J]. 汽车工程, 2020, 42(7): 925-932+948.
[38]
胡红元, 李兵, 王阳阳. 汽车四轮转向技术研究综述[J]. 上海汽车, 2021(4): 19-23.
[39]
朱永强, 宋瑞琦, 刘贺, 等. 线控转向系统关键技术综述[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2021, 21(36): 15323-15332.
[40]
林贤坤, 卢彦希, 王志福, 等. 分布式驱动车辆操纵稳定性控制综述[J]. 汽车技术, 2024(1): 1-12.
[41]
付翔, 谭雨豪, 刘泽轩, 等. 基于MPC的分布式驱动越野车辆原地转向控制研究[J]. 汽车工程学报, 2023, 13(6): 867-878.
[42]
吕皓玉, 王翔宇, 谢斌, 等. 分布式电驱动汽车原地转向机理与控制方法研究[J]. 中国公路学报, 2024, 37(3): 231-244.
[43]
谢冬. 电动线控转向系统设计与控制研究[D]. 合肥: 合肥工业大学, 2021.
[44]
HANG P, CHEN X. Towards Autonomous Driving: Review and Perspectives on Configuration and Control of Four-Wheel Independent Drive/Steering Electric Vehicles[J]. Actuators, 2021, 10(8): 184.
[45]
高兆桥. 集成悬架系统的四轮线控转向系统研究[D]. 淄博: 山东理工大学, 2023.
[46]
石沛林, 蒋军锡, 侯建伟, 等. 考虑行驶稳定性的四轮转向车辆路径跟踪控制研究[J]. 广西大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 46(3): 606-614.
[47]
郭子蒙, 辛青青, 张万枝, 等. 基于Matlab/Simulink的四轮转向汽车操纵稳定性分析[J]. 机械工程师, 2018(8): 40-42+45.
[48]
SOUBOU H, OHHIRA T, SHIMADA A. An Attitude Control Considering Sideslip Phenomenon Using DOB-Based LMPC-LQR for Four-Wheel Steering Vehicle[C]//2018 57th Annual Conference of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers of Japan (SICE). IEEE, 2018: 1544-1550.
[49]
谢纯禄, 范英, 杨金鑫, 等. 基于状态反馈的四轮转向汽车最优控制研究[J]. 机械设计与制造, 2022(1): 102-106.
[50]
PING X, LI T, HONG G. Research on Four-Wheel-Steering Automobile Based on Simulated Annealing PID Algorithm[C]// 2013 Third International Conference on Intelligent System Design and Engineering Applications. IEEE, 2013: 1175-1178.
[51]
Cui G, Shang X, Li Z, Ning F, et al. Lateral Stability Control of Four-Wheel Steering Vehicles[C]// 2019 3rd Conference on Vehicle Control and Intelligence (CVCI). IEEE, 2019: 1-5.
[52]
王欲进, 谢纯禄, 范英, 等. 四轮转向系统模糊PID控制研究[J]. 机械设计与制造, 2020(12): 119-123.
[53]
李玉治, 李刚, 张志华. 极限工况下无人驾驶四轮转向汽车横向跟踪控制策略[J]. 重庆理工大学学报(自然科学), 2023, 37(1): 66-74.
[54]
邓召文, 易强, 高伟, 等. 四轮转向汽车闭环LQR控制仿真研究[J]. 机械设计与制造, 2022(1): 20-25.
[55]
LIU R, WEI M, ZHAO W. Trajectory Tracking Control of Four Wheel Steering under High Speed Emergency Obstacle Avoidance[J]. International Journal of Vehicle Design, 2018, 77(1-2): 1-21.
[56]
WU H, LI Y. Coordination Control of Path Tracking and Stability for 4WS Autonomous Vehicle[C]// In 2020 5th International Conference on Electromechanical Control Technology and Transportation (ICECTT), IEEE, 2020, 343-348.
[57]
YAN Y, YU S, GAO X, et al. Continuous and Periodic Event-Triggered Sliding-Mode Control for Path Following of Underactuated Surface Vehicles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics, 2023.
[58]
马瑞兰, 郭唯浩, 姚俊明, 等. 基于线控四轮转向系统的车辆横向控制策略[J]. 青岛理工大学学报, 2023, 44(6): 155-162.
[59]
KASAHARA M, KANAI Y, MORI Y. Adjust Method of Nonlinear Gain in Four-Wheel Steering Control Using Sliding Mode Control[C]// 2009 4th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications. IEEE, 2009: 608-613.
[60]
ZHANG N, WANG J, LI Z, et al. Coordinated Optimal Control of AFS and DYC for Four-Wheel Independent Drive Electric Vehicles Based on MAS Model[J]. Sensors, 2023, 23(7): 3505.
[61]
刘瑞峰, 陈勇. 基于数据融合的四轮独立转向车辆研究[J]. 合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版), 2022, 45(10): 1322-1326+1359.
[62]
赵健, 邓志辉, 朱冰, 等. 基于RBF网络滑模的电动助力制动系统液压力控制[J]. 机械工程学报, 2020, 56(24): 106-114.
[63]
LI Q, LI J, WANG S, et al. Four Wheel Steering Vehicles stability Control Based on Adaptive Radial Basis Function Neural Network[C]// 2021 33rd Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE, 2021: 1140-1145.
[64]
TAN A, GAO L, CHEN Y. Model-Predictive-Control-Based Centralized Disturbance Suppression Strategy for Distributed Drive Electric Vehicle[J]. Energies, 2024, 17(10): 2268.
[65]
YANG S, QIAN Y, HU W, et al. Adaptive MPC-Based Lateral Path-Tracking Control for Automatic Vehicles[J]. World Electric Vehicle Journal, 2024, 15(3): 95.
[66]
LIANG J, FENG J, FANG Z, et al. An Energy-Oriented Torque-vector Control Framework for Distributed Drive Electric Vehicles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 2023.
[67]
ZHAN J, MA Z, ZHANG L. Data-Driven Modeling and Distributed Predictive Control of Mixed Vehicle Platoons[J]. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles, 2022, 8(1): 572-582.
[68]
YU C, ZHENG Y, SHYROKAU B, et al. MPC-Based Path Following Design for Automated Vehicles with Rear Wheel Steering[C]// 2021 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics (ICM). IEEE, 2021: 1-6.
[69]
尤永, 黄俊杰, 王浩, 等. 基于横向位移控制4WS车辆操纵稳定性仿真研究[J]. 中国机械工程, 2011, 22(12): 1508-1511.
[70]
LI B, YU F. Optimal Model Following Control of Four-Wheel Active Steering Vehicle[C]// 2009 International Conference on Information and Automation. IEEE, 2009: 881-886.
[71]
张家旭, 卜纯研, 王晨, 等. 线控四轮转向汽车平行泊车路径规划与跟踪控制[J]. 湖南大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 48 (8): 44-50.
[72]
ZHANG L, ZHANG Z, WANG Z, et al. Chassis Coordinated Control for Full X-by-Wire Vehicles-A Review[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2021, 34: 1-25.
[73]
WANG X, LI Z, ZHANG F, et al. Vehicle Control Strategy Evaluation Based on the Driving Stability Region[J]. Applied Sciences, 2023, 13(11): 6703.
[74]
HANG P, XIA X, CHEN G, et al. Active Safety Control of Automated Electric Vehicles at Driving Limits: A Tube-Based MPC Approach[J]. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 2021, 8(1): 1338-1349.
[75]
WANG Q, ZHAO Y, DENG Y, et al. Optimal Coordinated Control of ARS and DYC for Four-Wheel Steer and In-Wheel Motor Driven Electric Vehicle with Unknown Tire Model[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2020, 69(10): 10809-10819.
[76]
HANG P, XIA X, CHEN X. Handling Stability Advancement with 4WS and DYC Coordinated Control: A Gain-Scheduled Robust Control Approach[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2021, 70(4): 3164-3174.
[77]
HANG P, CHEN X, LUO F. Path-Tracking Controller Design for a 4WIS and 4WID Electric Vehicle with Steer-by-Wire System[J]. SAE Technical Papers, 2017: 2017-01-1954.
[78]
MASHADI B, AHMADIZADEH P, MAJIDI M, et al. Integrated Robust Controller for Vehicle Path Following[J]. Multibody System Dynamics, 2015, 33: 207-228.
[79]
寇宝成, 刘成武. 四轮转向汽车控制策略及稳定性研究[J]. 湖北汽车工业学院学报, 2024, 38(1): 13-17.
[80]
LIANG Y, LI Y, YU Y, et al. Integrated Lateral Control for 4WID/4WIS Vehicle in High-Speed Condition Considering the Magnitude of Steering[J]. Vehicle System Dynamics, 2020, 58(11): 1711-1735.
[81]
WANG Q, ZHAO Y, LIN F, et al. Integrated Control for Distributed in-Wheel Motor Drive Electric Vehicle Based on States Estimation and Nonlinear MPC[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, 2022, 236(5): 893-906.
[82]
YIM S. Integrated Chassis Control with Four-Wheel Independent Steering Under Constraint On Front Slip Angles[J]. IEEE Access, 2021, 9: 10338-10347.
[83]
KOSMIDIS A, IOANNIDIS G, VOKAS G, et al. A Novel Real-Time Robust Controller of a Four-Wheel Independent Steering System for EV Using Neural Networks and Fuzzy Logic[J]. Mathematics, 2023, 11(21): 4535.
[84]
罗来军, 李伟超, 高大威, 等. 线控转向系统软硬件容错研究综述[J]. 汽车零部件, 2019(8): 83-89.
[85]
于蕾艳. 汽车线控转向系统容错和故障诊断技术综述[J]. 重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版), 2015, 34(5): 165-169.
[86]
YANG A, ZANG Y, XU L, et al. A Systematic Review and Future Development of Automotive Chassis Control Technology[J]. Applied Sciences, 2023, 13(21): 11859.
2025年第卷第3期
PDF下载
232
93
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20240222
  • 首发时间:2025-11-12
  • 出版时间:2025-03-05
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
基金
*河南省重点研发与推广专项(232102240049)
作者信息
    1 河南交通职业技术学院, 郑州 450000
    2 中国重型汽车集团有限公司, 济南 250031
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcwz/CN/10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20240222
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏