Article(id=1194645352809730730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, issueId=1194655769917367247, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20230250, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1762755247546, onlineDateStr=2025-11-10, pubDate=1746374400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-05, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1762755247546, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1762755247546, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762755247546, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1194655769917367247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, year='2025', volume='', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='62', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1762757731179, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762757731179, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null}, startPage=9, endPage=15, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1194645353061388974, articleId=1194645352809730730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, language=EN, title=An Overview on Driving Methods and Applications of Characteristics Identification, columnId=null, journalTitle=Automotive Digest, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This paper focuses on hot topics of driving characteristics, outlining the basic concepts and three identification methods: methods based on head movements and facial features, methods grounded in physiology and psychology, and methods relying on operational behavior. It elaborates on the applications of driving characteristic identification in energy management strategies for hybrid vehicles, safety warning systems, and personalized driving assistance systems. Finally, the current status and limitations of researches on driving characteristics are summarized, and prospects for future research work are proposed.

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聚焦于驾驶员驾驶特征的热点研究内容,概述了围绕驾驶特征的基本概念以及基于头部动作和面部特征、基于生理学和心理学以及基于操作行为的驾驶员特征识别3种驾驶特征辨识方法,阐述了驾驶特征辨识在混合动力汽车能量管理策略、安全预警系统以及个性化的驾驶辅助系统等上的应用。最后,对驾驶特性研究现状与局限性进行了总结并提出了对未来研究工作的展望。

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辨识手段 常用设备 采集参数 辨识结果 局限性 应用
基于头部动作和面部特征 摄像头 点头频率、眨眼频率、闭眼时长 驾驶状态 易受光线强弱、是否佩戴眼镜因素影响 安全预警系统等
基于生理学和心理学 脑电仪、
心电仪
脑电图、心率和心率变异性 驾驶状态 检测仪器一般均为接触式传感器,易对驾驶员的驾驶操作产生干扰 安全预警系统等
基于驾驶员
操作行为
车载传感器 转向盘转角、踏板行程 驾驶状态、驾驶风格、驾驶技能 通过分析车载传感器的参数间接实现,需提升算法鲁棒性 能量管理策略、安全预警系统、驾驶辅助系统等
), ArticleFig(id=1194655853346263435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1194645352809730730, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

驾驶特征辨识的3种手段的特点

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
辨识手段 常用设备 采集参数 辨识结果 局限性 应用
基于头部动作和面部特征 摄像头 点头频率、眨眼频率、闭眼时长 驾驶状态 易受光线强弱、是否佩戴眼镜因素影响 安全预警系统等
基于生理学和心理学 脑电仪、
心电仪
脑电图、心率和心率变异性 驾驶状态 检测仪器一般均为接触式传感器,易对驾驶员的驾驶操作产生干扰 安全预警系统等
基于驾驶员
操作行为
车载传感器 转向盘转角、踏板行程 驾驶状态、驾驶风格、驾驶技能 通过分析车载传感器的参数间接实现,需提升算法鲁棒性 能量管理策略、安全预警系统、驾驶辅助系统等
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驾驶员驾驶特征辨识方法与应用综述
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李伟男 , 李林润 , 张建 , 孟祥哲 , 王宇
汽车文摘 | 2025,(5): 9-15
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汽车文摘 | 2025, (5): 9-15
驾驶员驾驶特征辨识方法与应用综述
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李伟男, 李林润, 张建, 孟祥哲, 王宇
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  • 中国第一汽车股份有限公司研发总院, 长春 130013
An Overview on Driving Methods and Applications of Characteristics Identification
Weinan Li, Linrun Li, Jian Zhang, Xiangzhe Meng, Yu Wang
Affiliations
  • Global R&D Center, China FAW Corporation Limited, Changchun 130013
出版时间: 2025-05-05 doi: 10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20230250
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聚焦于驾驶员驾驶特征的热点研究内容,概述了围绕驾驶特征的基本概念以及基于头部动作和面部特征、基于生理学和心理学以及基于操作行为的驾驶员特征识别3种驾驶特征辨识方法,阐述了驾驶特征辨识在混合动力汽车能量管理策略、安全预警系统以及个性化的驾驶辅助系统等上的应用。最后,对驾驶特性研究现状与局限性进行了总结并提出了对未来研究工作的展望。

车辆工程  /  驾驶特征  /  特征辨识  /  安全预警  /  个性化的驾驶辅助系统

This paper focuses on hot topics of driving characteristics, outlining the basic concepts and three identification methods: methods based on head movements and facial features, methods grounded in physiology and psychology, and methods relying on operational behavior. It elaborates on the applications of driving characteristic identification in energy management strategies for hybrid vehicles, safety warning systems, and personalized driving assistance systems. Finally, the current status and limitations of researches on driving characteristics are summarized, and prospects for future research work are proposed.

Automotive engineering  /  Driving characteristics  /  Characteristics identification  /  Safety warning  /  Personalized driving assistance system
李伟男, 李林润, 张建, 孟祥哲, 王宇. 驾驶员驾驶特征辨识方法与应用综述. 汽车文摘, 2025 , (5) : 9 -15 . DOI: 10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20230250
Weinan Li, Linrun Li, Jian Zhang, Xiangzhe Meng, Yu Wang. An Overview on Driving Methods and Applications of Characteristics Identification[J]. Automotive Digest, 2025 , (5) : 9 -15 . DOI: 10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20230250
驾驶员是人-车-环境闭环系统中最薄弱和最复杂的组成部分,目前驾驶员因素是引发道路交通事故的主要原因[1]。受限于驾驶员驾龄、情感以及性别差异,个体驾驶员在驾驶过程中通常表现出各异的驾驶特征,主要包括驾驶状态、驾驶风格和驾驶技能。驾驶特征是在人-车-环境中直接影响交通安全的最主要因素。目前,围绕驾驶员驾驶特征的主流热点研究主要包括基于头部动作和面部特征的驾驶特征辨识、基于生理学和心理学的驾驶特征辨识和基于驾驶行为的驾驶特征辨识。
本文重点研究上述3个方面的驾驶特征以及驾驶特征辨识的相关应用。目前,基于辨识得到的驾驶员驾驶特征一般可以实现以下3种功能[2]:(1)考虑到不同驾驶风格驾驶员对车辆经济性、动力性的重视程度存在差异,个性化地调整混合动力车辆的能量管理策略,满足不同类型驾驶员的驾驶需求。(2)通过分析驾驶员的头部、面部特征以及驾驶行为是否存在异常判断驾驶员的驾驶状态,最终实现一套考虑驾驶员驾驶状态的高精度的安全预警系统。(3)基于辨识得到的差异化的驾驶风格,自适应地调节修正驾驶辅助系统的控制参数以贴合驾驶员的心理预期。
考虑到驾驶员本身状态的复杂性和不确定性,驾驶员表现出的驾驶特征易受到各种因素的影响,受限于采集信息不全、不精的因素,现阶段国内外的相关研究难以完全阐明驾驶员在各种交通条件下表现出驾驶特征的深层次机理以及驾驶特征演化规律,一个标准化的驾驶员驾驶特征划分方案仍有待提出。本文将围绕以驾驶员驾驶特征的基本概念,阐述基于不同手段实现的驾驶员驾驶特征辨识策略和驾驶员驾驶特征辨识应用,总结并提出现阶段存在的问题与未来发展趋势。
驾驶员的驾驶特征是驾驶员生理、心理、能力、交通情景以及车辆性能等多时空因素综合作用以及动态演化的结果,驾驶员具有独特的驾驶特征。不同驾驶员的驾驶特征既具有共性的内在本质关联,也具有特色鲜明的个性化差异。驾驶员驾驶特征表征方法以及辨识策略的相关研究是未来实现智能汽车在不同自动化程度下人-车-环境和谐交互与协同共驾的重要基础。
驾驶特征在本质上蕴含着驾驶状态、驾驶风格和驾驶技能3个不同维度的表征体系。其中,驾驶状态是指驾驶员驾驶过程中的生理、心理等机能状态,是驾驶员在特定条件下表现出的动态属性,具有一定的随机性和不确定性。驾驶风格是指个体驾驶员较为固定的、自然性的内在心理思维和行为模式的综合体现,在驾驶员间存在明显的驾驶风格区别,典型的驾驶风格包括激进型和保守型。驾驶技能是指驾驶员驾驶车辆的能力和水平,是驾驶员通过学习以及反复的实践所巩固掌握的技能成熟度表现,不同类型驾驶技能具有显著差异[3]
驾驶员驾驶特征辨识是一种模式识别过程,蕴含驾驶状态、驾驶风格和驾驶技能于一体的驾驶特征通常表现出复杂多变的特征。目前,围绕驾驶员驾驶特征辨识领域,相关学者的研究手段主要可以归纳为基于头部动作和面部特征的驾驶特征识别、基于生理学和心理学的驾驶特征识别以及基于驾驶员的操作行为的驾驶特征识别等。
基于头部动作和面部特征的驾驶特征辨识主要是指对驾驶员驾驶状态的识别,典型需避免的驾驶状态包括驾驶疲劳和瞌睡[4-5]。若驾驶员陷入驾驶疲劳状态,其生理和心理机能将产生失调,同时驾驶能力下降[6]。驾驶疲劳状态下的驾驶员可能出现意识不清、瞌睡现象,头部如后仰、频频点头等不正常动作,面部器官出现如眨眼频率、闭眼时长等异常现象。驾驶员头部动作和面部特征监控是有效辨识驾驶员是否处于疲劳状态驾驶特征的重要方法。
2007年,Park等[7]在驾驶员疲劳检测方面提出了一种有效的眨眼检测算法,基于支持向量机算法辨识人眼,通过优化算法核心参数,确保了算法在光照条件变化干扰下的检测精度。Bergasa等[8]提出了一套基于机器视觉的驾驶员疲劳监测系统,该系统在分析眨眼动作的基础上,同时引入了对闭眼时长、点头频率、人脸位置、视线方向等驾驶员的头部动作及面部特征的综合考虑,实现了一套融合化的驾驶员疲劳辨识策略,辨识精度达到90%以上。Du等[9]根据一段时间内驾驶员眼睛闭合次数、眨眼次数以及哈欠次数频次所占的比例,对驾驶员是否处于疲劳状态进行判断。郑永涛等[10]设计了一种基于OpenCV的驾驶员疲劳特征识别系统,利用微型电脑作为处理核心,通过摄像机获取驾驶员的眼动、嘴型及头部姿势特征,综合分析后进行驾驶员疲劳状态判断,若处于疲劳驾驶状态,则发出语音警告。
上述的这些驾驶员疲劳监测系统均通过摄像机设备对驾驶员的头部动作和面部特征进行实时监控和分析,根据分析疲劳特征的数量,可以将检测划分为单特征检测和多特征融合检测2个类别。若驾驶员处于驾驶疲劳等异常状态,系统将发出警告提示。
近年来,随着生理学、心理学以及交叉学科领域的快速发展,相关学者将生理学和心理学理论引入驾驶员驾驶特征辨识领域并取得了相当可观的研究成果[11]
基于生理学的特征辨识主要基于驾驶员脑电测量、心电测量、肌电测量等方法判断驾驶员是否处于疲劳驾驶状态[12]
(1)脑电测量。脑电图是指对脑部的自发性生物电位放大记录的图形,由于不同睡眠阶段下对应的脑电图特征存在显著差异,脑电图被视为检测驾驶员疲劳的黄金标准。
Lal等[13]经过多次试验分析,在大量的人体生理指标中筛选出脑电信号是最佳的驾驶疲劳评价指标。Schier[14]对模拟驾驶过程中驾驶员的脑电信号与注意力情况进行分析,发现两者呈现的变化规律是一致的,证明了基于脑电信号分析驾驶员注意力是否发散的可行性。Gao等[15]基于多通道脑电图的时空结构特点,通过时空卷积神经网络算法对驾驶员疲劳状态进行检测,检测精度能够达到90%以上。吕超等[16]通过小波包分解法提取特征向量,使用基于密度峰值的聚类算法对特征向量进行分析训练,同时使用贝叶斯准则对聚类簇数进行辅助判定,实现了对驾驶疲劳状态等级的客观性定义。丁洋等[17]针对传统方法对驾驶疲劳状态辨识稳定性不足的问题,通过注意力熵来描述驾驶员清醒与瞌睡状态过程中的脑电特征,利用小波包分解法提取脑电信号的非线性特征作为特征向量,将融合特征向量送入支持向量机完成辨识,准确率超过95%。
上述基于脑电测量的驾驶特征辨识方法主要通过特征提取方法对脑电信号的时刻特征进行挖掘,进而通过神经网络等机器学习算法分析挖掘得到的脑电特征以及对驾驶疲劳状态的辨识结果。
(2)心电测量。除了脑电波信号外,心率、心率变异性等心电信号也是判断驾驶疲劳的重要生理指标[18-19]
Persson[20]通过分析驾驶员进入疲劳状态后,心率信号低频成分和高频成分的比值明显下降的特征实现对驾驶员疲劳状态的识别。Wang等[21]根据样本熵计算心率变异性变化特征来表征连续驾驶过程中的驾驶疲劳状态,并结合主观问卷的结果进行对比。蒋鹏等[22]基于扩张残差网络模型将驾驶过程中的路侧景观归类为不同的刺激等级,结合驾驶员心率变化对驾驶员在单调路侧景观下驾驶的疲劳情况进行了分析。曹景胜等[23]基于偏聚氟乙烯压电薄膜发明了一种非接触式的心电监测方法,通过电压抬升和信号调理电路精准计算出驾驶员的心率和呼吸率,并传输到手机应用软件实现疲劳监控。王玉化等[24]通过生理信号采集仪记录20名驾驶员在长时间模拟驾驶作业后的心电信号并分析信号表征的疲劳信息,阐明了驾驶员性别对疲劳恢复期的影响,证明了心理疲劳恢复时间通常早于生理疲劳恢复时间。
综上所述,现阶段基于心电测量的驾驶特征辨识方法主要通过分析心率、心率变异性等心电信号的成分占比变化情况实现对驾驶疲劳状态的表征。在此基础上,研究了外部环境、心理作用等因素对驾驶疲劳的影响。
(3)其他测量方法。除了脑电、心电信号之外,驾驶员的肌电、皮温、人体阻抗等生理指标也被用于疲劳状态监测。其中,肌电信号主要用于对被测人员局部肌肉疲劳程度的测试,驾驶员皮温和人体阻抗可以在一定程度上反应驾驶员的心情状态,但易受到环境因素的影响,因此主要在实验室内应用[25]
在交通领域,通常采用可以反映驾驶员心理状态的某些参数来联系交通安全性,Wang等[26]提出驾驶员的心理特征、基因类型与交通事故的发生存在复杂的因果关系,若驾驶员表现出不耐烦情绪,道路交通事故发生的可能性将大幅增加。尚婷等[27]从心理学角度分析了隧道内的驾驶员换道行为特征,结果表明驾驶员心理状态因素对隧道内换道行为存在显著影响。吴会珍等[28]对宏观因素与我国各城市驾驶员路怒水平之间的关联进行了研究,从经济、交通环境等方面选取指标构建了路怒水平影响因素评价体系,证明了宏观因素对路怒水平存在一定程度的影响,宏观因素中经济发展的影响程度最为明显。
驾驶行为是驾驶员在人-车-道路闭环系统下对驾驶操纵机构比如转向盘和踏板进行的操作行为的总称。当驾驶员驾驶车辆时,驾驶员根据其驾驶意图选择一系列最适合当前的行驶工况的驾驶行为,即使对于同一驾驶员,驾驶操作行为也可能因驾驶情况不同而存在差异[29]
驾驶行为的分析研究同样也可以应用于有关驾驶疲劳状态监测的领域。美国Electronic Safety Product公司研发了车辆转向盘监测装置。当装置检测到转向盘一段时间内没有任何动作,系统就会发出报警声提示驾驶员尽快操纵或接管转向盘。然而,目前大多数学者将提取的驾驶行为数据应用于驾驶员驾驶风格、驾驶技能的辨识[30]。Wahab等[31]认为,针对不同的驾驶任务,不同驾驶员的潜在反应方式存在差异,驾驶员具有不同个性特征。Cao等[32]针对这一问题建立了考虑车辆侧翻稳定性的驾驶员模型,设计一种考虑驾驶员驾驶风格特征的汽车防侧翻协同控制策略。Wang等[33]提取跟车过程中驾驶员释放加速踏板和踩下制动踏板对应的碰撞时间数据,通过聚类算法将驾驶风格归类为侵略型、正常型和谨慎型3个类型。
李宗华等[35]通过分析加速踏板标准差、速度标准差等数据,对驾驶员的驾驶风格与驾驶技能熟练程度进行了表征,使用K-means算法实现了对用户画像的刻画。张磊等[34]通过人机界面获取驾驶行为数据,基于神经网络算法构建了驾驶员驾驶风格分类模型,模型能够对驾驶员驾驶风格进行自动化分类,并自适应匹配汽车动力学参数。
上述基于驾驶行为的驾驶特征辨识方法均通过聚类方法实现对驾驶风格、驾驶技能的表征,同时基于神经网络等机器学习算法分析不同驾驶员的驾驶行为数据,实现对驾驶特征的辨识。
国内外相关学者基于不同设备、不同采集参数实现了对于驾驶特征如驾驶状态、驾驶风格以及驾驶技能的有效辨识。然而,目前尚未出现权威性的统一标准。上述3种不同的驾驶状态辨识手段特点归纳如表1所示。
目前,驾驶员驾驶特征辨识已受到较大范围的应用,如基于驾驶员驾驶风格的混合动力车辆能量管理策略、考虑驾驶员驾驶状态的安全预警系统以及个性化的驾驶辅助系统。
混合动力汽车的混合动力系统由多种驱动能源组成,即混合动力系统存在多种的运行模式,不同的运行模式对应不同燃油经济性和驾驶员风格需求。如图1所示,驾驶风格粗暴的驾驶员对车辆动力性要求更高,而驾驶风格柔和的驾驶员对车辆经济性要求更高。目前的整车控制策略缺少对驾驶风格的有效识别,无法根据驾驶员驾驶风格进行调整以满足不同驾驶员的驾驶需求[36]
为充分挖掘混合动力系统的节油潜力,规避驾驶员风格对燃油经济性的不良影响。如图1所示,最先进的能量管理策略能够对辨识得到的驾驶员驾驶风格进行自适应调节,即建立驾驶员驾驶风格自适应策略。
林歆悠等[37]综合考虑驾驶风格和行驶环境等因素对混合动力车辆燃油经济性的影响,构建了马尔科夫模型用于表征驾驶员需求功率,通过随机动态规划算法实现能量管理,制定了以进一步提高新型混联式混合动力车辆燃油经济性为目标的驾驶员风格自适应能量管理控制策略。秦大同等[38]通过分析汽车行驶过程中驾驶员驾驶操作导致的车体冲击度,提出了不同行驶工况下的驾驶员驾驶风格区分方法,综合考虑行驶工况、能量管理策略等信息,计算考虑驾驶风格差异的最佳需求功率分配策略,燃油经济性提高8.47 %。
传统的汽车安全预警系统通常忽略了对驾驶员驾驶特征的考虑,因此普遍存在误报警等问题,将对驾驶员产生不良的负面干扰。随着近年来驾驶员特征辨识研究的不断进步成熟,研究人员在设计汽车安全预警阈值时引入了对驾驶特征的考虑。
Wang等[39]提出了一套考虑驾驶特征的个性化车辆碰撞预警系统,该系统可以基于辨识得到的驾驶特征智能生成差异化的系统控制参数。以纵向驾驶场景为例,系统可以基于不同的驾驶特征确定差异化的安全阈值、警告规则和警告逻辑。崔格格等[40]提出一种数据驱动的智能车个性化场景风险图构建方法,首先通过图核方法对图表征数据进行相似性度量,基于支持向量机训练识别模型,建立驾驶员个性化危险评价机理与场景特征之间的映射关系,以模型输出的危险程度评价标签与真实值进行试验对比,结果表明,基于场景风险图构建的驾驶员个性化危险场景识别模型识别准确率可达95.8 %。朱冰等[41]通过模糊聚类算法对实车驾驶数据进行分析,基于广义回归神经网络模型构建驾驶风格辨识模块,进而设计基于差异化车道偏离时间阈值的车道偏离预警系统,提高车道偏离预警系统的适用性。伍毅平等[42]以驾驶员在草原公路连续驾驶时的易疲劳点为基础,参照应激反应理论和神经语言程序理论将驾驶员划分为视觉型、听觉型和触觉型刺激偏好类型,进而构建了满足驾驶员刺激选择偏好的车载差异化驾驶防疲劳预警策略,并通过对比驾驶模拟试验验证了策略的有效性,即随着疲劳程度加深,给予驾驶员所偏好的预警刺激信号能够更加有效地缓解驾驶疲劳。
随着汽车智能驾驶辅助系统的发展与普及,考虑驾驶员驾驶特征的驾驶辅助系统逐渐引起了广大研究人员的重视。在驾驶辅助系统的开发中愈来愈倡导以人为本的设计理念,使系统尽可能的贴合驾驶员的心理预期。
宋敏[43]对驾驶员在弯道行驶过程中的驾驶数据进行了分析,提取车辆行驶速度、侧向加速度、横摆角速度等参数来实现对驾驶员行为特征的表征,分析得到的驾驶员行为特性能够为设计个性化驾驶辅助系统提供有效的数据支撑。吕凯光等[44]设计了一种个性化的自动紧急制动系统,根据危险工况下驾驶员反应时间和危险程度提炼得到驾驶风格识别的关键指标,将驾驶风格归类为激进型、谨慎型和普通型3类,并根据危险系数定量化输出差异的制动减速度实现车辆安全制动。测试结果表明,不同驾驶风格驾驶员对制动时机以及安全距离的心理预期是不一致的,考虑驾驶风格的自动紧急制动控制策略能够显著提升用户的使用满意度。Yoshida等[45]研究了在紧急情况下驾驶员的制动操作行为,通过采集驾驶员对各个执行器的操控量,分析出驾驶员的个性制动行为表征参数,提出了驾驶员纵向跟车模型。利用试验中的驾驶数据对模型中的参数进行选择进而模拟不同驾驶员对车辆的制动控制行为特性,实现对驾驶员的踏板操作特征的自学习,并将其应用于自动紧急制动系统。Zheng等[46]募集多名驾驶员在驾驶模拟器上对自适应巡航系统进行仿真测试研究,试验中不断调整模型控制参数、交通工况场景和跟车时距等参数,对比了系统控制下的制动减速度与驾驶员的实际减速度的差异,以此来研究驾驶员与系统之间的协调性问题。结果表明,通过对模型参数的适当自适应调整可以满足不同驾驶员控制预期。蒋渊德[47]通过分析驾驶员驾驶数据分布特性建立了驾驶风格的差异性度量方式,引入高斯混合模型建立统计模型,针对驾驶风格进行量化表征,提出了一种能够考虑驾驶风格和前车运动特点的个性化纵向辅助驾驶算法,建立了基于深度强化学习的个性化侧向辅助驾驶算法,并通过多目标优化控制方法实现了基于数值优化的车辆底盘集成控制策略。
综上,个性化的驾驶辅助系统的控制原理结构如图2所示。辨识模型基于驾驶员操作行为以及环境信息辨识得到的驾驶员驾驶风格,进而自适应地调节修正驾驶辅助系统的控制参数以贴合驾驶员的心理预期,最终实现个性化的驾驶辅助系统。
(1)驾驶员本身作为非常复杂的非线性系统,同一驾驶员在不同时刻、不同工况下可能表现出完全不同的驾驶特征。此外,外界的交通环境、天气条件等也将对驾驶员驾驶特征产生影响。因此,对被测驾驶员进行全方位的驾驶信息精准采集个有重要意义,未来的研究需将各个方面可能会对驾驶特征产生影响的驾驶信息归纳入驾驶员驾驶特征辨识模型之中,能够有效保障在各种实际驾驶工况下模型的鲁棒性。
(2)现阶段国内外的相关研究对驾驶员在各种交通条件下表现出驾驶特征的深层次机理以及驾驶特征演化规律探究不足,现有的驾驶员驾驶特征划分标准仍有待商榷,标准化的、统一化的分类方案仍未提出。现有的分类标准也较为粗糙,难以实现从驾驶技能到驾驶风格的统一的衡量,全新的、全方面的驾驶特征划分标准仍有待提出。
(3)目前,驾驶员驾驶特征已经受到了较大范围的应用,如基于驾驶员驾驶风格的混合动力车辆能量管理策略、考虑驾驶员驾驶状态的安全预警系统以及个性化的驾驶辅助系统等。随着汽车的智能化进程的不断推进,以“人”为核心的驾驶特征的相关研究将得到更为广泛的应用。
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doi: 10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20230250
  • 首发时间:2025-11-10
  • 出版时间:2025-05-05
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    中国第一汽车股份有限公司研发总院, 长春 130013
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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