Article(id=1194645351727600287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, issueId=1194655769917367247, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20230310, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1762755247288, onlineDateStr=2025-11-10, pubDate=1746374400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-05, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1762755247288, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1762755247288, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762755247288, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1194655769917367247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, year='2025', volume='', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='62', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1762757731179, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762757731179, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1, endPage=8, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1194645351916343970, articleId=1194645351727600287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, language=EN, title=Review of Mechanism and Treatment Methods for Inducing Motion Sickness in Electric Vehicle Occupants, columnId=null, journalTitle=Automotive Digest, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Electric Vehicles (EVs) are more prone to inducing motion sickness compared to traditional vehicles. To investigate the factors contributing to motion sickness in EVs and their differences from traditional vehicles, and to propose effective mitigation and treatment methods, process and mechanism of motion sickness induction in EVs is explored by analyzing factors such as EVs’ structural characteristics, power output, and regenerative braking systems. Mitigation methods, including medical medications, structural optimization, and aroma regulation are also considered. Meanwhile, subjective questionnaires and objective physiological data are compared as methods for testing motion sickness. The research results indicate that EVs are more likely to induce motion sickness due to their robust power output characteristics and the repeated pulling sensation caused by the regenerative braking system. Existing mitigation methods have shown varying degrees of effectiveness across different individuals. Additionally, the study offers insights and prospects for future research on managing motion sickness in EVs, contributing to more effective solutions.

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电动汽车比传统燃油汽车更易诱发晕车。研究了电动汽车与传统燃油汽车诱发晕车因素的差异,并提出有效的缓解治理方法。探讨了电动汽车诱发晕车的机理,通过分析电动汽车的结构特性、动力输出和动能回收系统等因素,提出了结合医用药物、结构优化和香氛调控等缓解方法,同时,对比了主观问卷和客观生理数据2种测试晕车的方法。研究结果表明,电动汽车因强劲的动力输出特性和动能回收系统带来的反复拖拽感,更易诱发晕车。现有缓解方法针对不同人群有一定程度的缓解效果。同时对电动汽车晕车治理研究进行了展望,以期更好地解决电动汽车晕车问题。

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主观因素 客观因素
个体易感性 性别 运动 道路影响
种族 车流量
年龄 驾驶行为
精神状态 疲劳 视觉 看手机
过度兴奋 阅读
嗜睡 看窗外
情绪 兴奋 车内环境 温度
沮丧 湿度
焦虑 通风
), ArticleFig(id=1194655948187869407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1194645351727600287, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

晕动症影响因素

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主观因素 客观因素
个体易感性 性别 运动 道路影响
种族 车流量
年龄 驾驶行为
精神状态 疲劳 视觉 看手机
过度兴奋 阅读
嗜睡 看窗外
情绪 兴奋 车内环境 温度
沮丧 湿度
焦虑 通风
), ArticleFig(id=1194655948259172576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1194645351727600287, language=EN, label=null, caption=

MSSQ-Short[25]

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场景 从未 很少 有时 经常 总是
小汽车
公共汽车或长途
汽车
火车
飞机
小船
轮船
秋千
旋转木马
过山车,游乐园电动
乘骑类运动
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场景 从未 很少 有时 经常 总是
小汽车
公共汽车或长途
汽车
火车
飞机
小船
轮船
秋千
旋转木马
过山车,游乐园电动
乘骑类运动
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症状 程度 分数
无任何不适症状 0
有不适感但无明显症状 1
出现头晕、冷或热、头疼、胃不舒服、喉咙不舒服、出汗增多、视力模糊、打哈欠、打嗝、累(疲劳)以及口水分泌增多等症状,但未出现恶心症状 似有似无 2
轻度 3
中度 4
重度 5
出现恶心症状 轻度 6
中度 7
重度 8
接近干呕 9
呕吐 10
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MISC量表评分标准[24]

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症状 程度 分数
无任何不适症状 0
有不适感但无明显症状 1
出现头晕、冷或热、头疼、胃不舒服、喉咙不舒服、出汗增多、视力模糊、打哈欠、打嗝、累(疲劳)以及口水分泌增多等症状,但未出现恶心症状 似有似无 2
轻度 3
中度 4
重度 5
出现恶心症状 轻度 6
中度 7
重度 8
接近干呕 9
呕吐 10
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电动汽车乘员晕车诱发机制与治理方法综述*
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唐帮备 1, 2 , 罗冰洁 1 , 朱明鑫 3 , 陈胜男 1 , 胡志安 2 , 李衍 1
汽车文摘 | 2025,(5): 1-8
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汽车文摘 | 2025, (5): 1-8
电动汽车乘员晕车诱发机制与治理方法综述*
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唐帮备1, 2, 罗冰洁1, 朱明鑫3, 陈胜男1, 胡志安2, 李衍1
作者信息
  • 1 重庆文理学院智能制造工程学院, 重庆 402160
  • 2 陆军军医大学生理教研室, 重庆 400038
  • 3 四川轻化工大学机械工程学院, 宜宾 643002
Review of Mechanism and Treatment Methods for Inducing Motion Sickness in Electric Vehicle Occupants
Bangbei Tang1, 2, Bingjie Luo1, Mingxin Zhu3, Shengnan Chen1, Zhian Hu2, Yan Li1
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Intelligent Manufacturing Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160
  • 2 Department of Physiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038
  • 3 School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Yibin 643002
出版时间: 2025-05-05 doi: 10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20230310
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电动汽车比传统燃油汽车更易诱发晕车。研究了电动汽车与传统燃油汽车诱发晕车因素的差异,并提出有效的缓解治理方法。探讨了电动汽车诱发晕车的机理,通过分析电动汽车的结构特性、动力输出和动能回收系统等因素,提出了结合医用药物、结构优化和香氛调控等缓解方法,同时,对比了主观问卷和客观生理数据2种测试晕车的方法。研究结果表明,电动汽车因强劲的动力输出特性和动能回收系统带来的反复拖拽感,更易诱发晕车。现有缓解方法针对不同人群有一定程度的缓解效果。同时对电动汽车晕车治理研究进行了展望,以期更好地解决电动汽车晕车问题。

电动汽车  /  晕动症  /  动能回收制动  /  诱发机制

Electric Vehicles (EVs) are more prone to inducing motion sickness compared to traditional vehicles. To investigate the factors contributing to motion sickness in EVs and their differences from traditional vehicles, and to propose effective mitigation and treatment methods, process and mechanism of motion sickness induction in EVs is explored by analyzing factors such as EVs’ structural characteristics, power output, and regenerative braking systems. Mitigation methods, including medical medications, structural optimization, and aroma regulation are also considered. Meanwhile, subjective questionnaires and objective physiological data are compared as methods for testing motion sickness. The research results indicate that EVs are more likely to induce motion sickness due to their robust power output characteristics and the repeated pulling sensation caused by the regenerative braking system. Existing mitigation methods have shown varying degrees of effectiveness across different individuals. Additionally, the study offers insights and prospects for future research on managing motion sickness in EVs, contributing to more effective solutions.

Electric Vehicle (EV)  /  Motion sickness  /  Regenerative braking for kinetic energy recovery  /  Inducing mechanism
唐帮备, 罗冰洁, 朱明鑫, 陈胜男, 胡志安, 李衍. 电动汽车乘员晕车诱发机制与治理方法综述*. 汽车文摘, 2025 , (5) : 1 -8 . DOI: 10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20230310
Bangbei Tang, Bingjie Luo, Mingxin Zhu, Shengnan Chen, Zhian Hu, Yan Li. Review of Mechanism and Treatment Methods for Inducing Motion Sickness in Electric Vehicle Occupants[J]. Automotive Digest, 2025 , (5) : 1 -8 . DOI: 10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20230310
“中国制造2025”战略以及“互联网+”行动计划,提出了车辆领域未来发展方向为“汽车新四化”[1-2],电动汽车的发展是必然趋势和选择,汽车制造商对电动汽车舒适性非常重视,晕车治理对于提升电动汽车舒适度具有重要意义。
晕车症状属于晕动症(Motion Sickness,MS)的常见病症,不会直接影响身体健康,但可能引发冒冷汗、头晕、恶心、呕吐、面部苍白甚至休克症状[3-4]。研究表明,约80%出行个体患有不同程度的晕动症[5-6]。晕动症是一种暂时型病理,脱离乘车状态后症状可以得到缓解。目前国内外对晕动症的研究大多从人体特征医学角度出发,而针对电动汽车结构诱发晕动症的量化研究较少。Bles等[7]研究表明,车载环境下阅读书籍或观看电子屏幕更易诱发晕动症。Golding与Kadzere等[8]研究发现,车内空气流通状态对晕动症发病率具有显著影响。数据显示,车内空气保持流通时,约30%乘员出现晕动症状,而在车窗完全密封条件下,该比例增加至约66%。Salter等[9]研究发现,前排乘客晕动症诱发率低于后排乘客,驾驶员的晕动症发生率则显著低于其他成员。马利[10]等通过阈值实验揭示了晕动症诱发机制的临界条件。钟广亮等[11]研究了车内空气质量参数对晕动症的影响机理。在治理方法方面,吴盈章等[12]研究证明20%的姜花精油对于晕车有缓解效果,王明齐[13]从车辆动力学角度提出创新解决方案,通过优化车辆主动悬架与座椅控制系统,抑制低频振动改善乘员晕动症状。
本文主要从车辆动力学、人体前庭系统及感知冲突等角度分析了电动汽车晕动症诱发机理,概述了晕车程度评估的多种方法,包括主观量表和客观生理指标,针对电动汽车特有的电机驱动特性、动能回收系统以及低频振动频率等易诱发晕车的因素进行了总结分析,并提出了晕车缓解策略,为提升电动汽车乘坐舒适性提供了参考。
图1所示,电动汽车行驶过程中,传入运动感知系统的信息速度超过了大脑对运动状态的预期速度,导致视觉、前庭系统和本体感觉之间的信号不匹配,从而诱发晕车症状。感知系统包括前庭系统、视觉系统和体感系统。其中,前庭系统提供空间平衡感信号,体感系统是指自身对外界力的感知系统,包括触觉、痛觉以及自身运动的感知[14]。电动汽车行驶过程中,乘客阅读、玩手机等行为将产生信号冲突。此时,视觉系统与前庭系统传递给中枢神经的信息不一致,大脑接收到相反的信号,底层决策系统无法做出恰当反应,短时间频繁刺激前庭器官,植物神经产生应急反应调整人体反馈。图2为前庭平衡感受器结构展示,前庭受刺激的同时接受横向纵向加速度的刺激。当机体前庭器感受到过度的劣性刺激时会诱发躯体功能,导致头晕、恶心等一系列反应。晕动症易感性存在显著个体差异[15-16],不同个体的体征表现和诱发因素各不相同。即使在相同环境下,晕动症诱因也可能存在差异。
电动汽车虽然在乘坐舒适性方面表现出色,例如无汽油味、乘坐感较平顺,但是其晕动症诱发率却高于传统燃油汽车,这主要因为电动汽车的动力系统特性。电动汽车通过电机驱动,其起步加速性能优于燃油汽车,并伴随明显的推背感。电机可以直接输出较大扭矩,动力输出相对猛烈,导致乘客在瞬间感受到失重感。躯体感知系统、视觉系统和前庭系统得到的运动冲突更加强烈。相比之下,燃油汽车的加速过程呈线性,扭矩逐渐增加,乘客的感知系统存在更大缓冲和预判过程。
传统燃油车制动主要依赖制动器进行制动,而电动汽车主要通过动能回收进行制动,比传统燃油汽车制动强烈。动能回收能够提高能源的利用率并延长制动器的使用寿命,在松开加速踏板时,动能回收启动,部分驾驶员不适应动能回收模式,频繁非必要踩下制动踏板,导致乘员躯体感知系统、视觉系统和前庭系统刺激不一致,从而诱发晕动症。
电动汽车运动状态的改变是诱发晕动症的主要因素之一。为减轻制动过程中及制动结束时低频俯仰振动引起的晕动症风险,已有研究结合主动悬架技术与适当制动控制策略,有效降低了电动汽车行驶过程制动晕动症的诱发率。
车辆的低频俯仰振动是造成晕车问题的重要因素之一。依据GB/T49701—2009[17],考虑乘客对振动频率的敏感度,通过加权计算得到加权加速度均方根值,其可作为乘客振动的评价指标[18]。通常晕车频率为0.1~0.5 Hz,但超过该频段的振动同样可以引发晕车问题。在0.8~2 Hz区间内的俯仰振动对晕车问题影响最为明显。研究表明,电动汽车电机的振动频率与人体相关器官振动频率一致,易诱发晕动症。问界新M7车型针对动力系统进行了线性优化,以减轻晕动症的发生。
除上述因素外,晕车还受多种其他因素影响。如在乘车过程中低头玩手机、阅读、身体左右摆动以及打电子游戏。同时晕动症也受车内环境影响,研究表明[19-20],舒适的环境和愉悦的情绪可以减轻晕动症严重程度;而令人不愉悦的气味(如皮革味道),则会加重晕动症症状;另外,湿热的环境也容易引发晕动症[21]。晕动症影响因素如表1所示,个性化智能治理晕动症模式是未来电动汽车的发展方向。
目前在晕车实验中采用的客观生理数据分析评价方法较少,大多数晕车测评中采用的仍为主观问卷调查法。综合主观评分和客观数据可以量化电动汽车乘客晕动症的发生率以及严重程度。
晕动症的易感性测量实验通常面临设备昂贵、操作复杂以及实验参与者体验较差的问题。因此,通常采用主观问卷方式,主要包括晕动症易感性量表(Motion Sickness Susceptibility Questionnaire,MSSQ)[22]、快速晕动症量表(Fast Motion Sickness Scale,FMS)[23]和晕动症程度量表(MIsery SCale,MISC)[24]
MSSQ量表通过个体在现实生活中乘坐交通工具时是否发生晕动症及晕动症的发生频率,判断个体晕动症易感性,又称为既往晕动症史调查。为了方便且快速地测量易感性,通常选取晕动症易感性量表-短(MSSQ-Short)进行测试。MSSQ-Short原表为英文,为了更适用于国内实验,对原表进行精简处理[25],如表2所示。MSSQ量表包含25~30个晕动症症状,并通过3个等级量化晕动症程度,0级表示几乎未诱发晕动症,3级表示晕动症程度严重。
FMS晕动症量表因其简洁易懂且能够迅速收集被试数据而得到广泛应用。该量表针对晕动症的综合症状进行0~20的评分,0分表示无晕动症症状,20分表示因晕动症导致呕吐。MISC量表为11分量表,该量表描述了晕动症从轻微到严重的症状,初期表现为出汗、打哈欠、冷漠、胃部不舒服和头晕,严重时可能出现恶心、干呕或呕吐现象。表3为MISC量表评分标准。
自我报告人体模型量表[26](Self Assessment Manikin, SAM)测评在晕车过程中的愉悦度、唤醒度、支配度3个维度。9点Likert量表根据(1=“根本不”,9=“极其”)划分等级。传统晕动症状诊断法主要依据车辆移动时乘客的晕吐反应症状判定晕动症严重程度[27-28]。相比之下,仅观察呕吐症状相对片面,通过量表对患者产生的不良反应和体征进行综合诊断[29]更全面,但其记录数据过程仍存在一定局限性[30]
通过测量乘客的生理信号,如心率变异性(Heart Rate Variability,HRV)、皮肤电反应(ElectroDermal Activity,EDA)、脑电(ElectroEncephaloGram,EEG)、心电(ElectroCardioGram,ECG)等,同时结合对乘客症状严重程度(如恶心、头晕、呕吐等)的判断,可以为晕车严重程度以及缓解治理提供科学依据。生理信号采集的数据稳定、结果分析可靠、参考价值较大,但无法完全避免实验误差。实验过程中,若识别到晕车反应,皮电和心电采集图将呈现显著上升趋势。然而,若乘客的晕车症状逐渐缓解,数据图的波动短时间内将仍维持在较高水平,该情况表明记录的数据与实况之间存在时间差异。
皮电测试通过监测皮肤电阻变化,可以捕捉晕车过程中人体交感神经系统的活动情况,从而评估晕车的严重程度和生理反应。Eugene等[31-32]研究了晕车时体温的变化及其相关调节机制,为理解晕车的生理过程提供了基础。Nalivaiko等[33]通过对比高度可控环境模式(如驾驶模拟器)与不可控自然环境,以及低情绪与环境变异性和高情绪与环境变异性情况,进一步推断出EDA的变化与情绪状态密切相关,可以作为映射晕动症发生的一项有效生理指标。Nobel等[34]将EDA技术应用于虚拟环境中的晕车测量,为晕车研究和虚拟现实技术的优化提供了新方法。图3所示为皮电采集设备。
心脏同时受交感神经系统和副交感神经系统支配[35],晕车的相关症状(如恶心、呕吐等)与心率指标相关,晕车时将出现呼吸急促,心跳加快,体温升高现象,因此可以通过心率变异性来评定晕车。Harm等[36]测量了心率变异性,通过捕捉自主神经系统的变化评定空间定向障碍和晕动症状态。
临床实践[37-39]表明,脑电波中包含了大量生理信号,可以反映晕动症情况,如图4所示。相关实验表明,晕动症与额叶和颞叶的δ和β波功率、枕区δ和θ波功率密切相关[40]。旋转的磁鼓引起的晕动症表现为额叶θ(4~7 Hz)频带功率增加[41]。在虚拟汽车驾驶实验中θ频带功率与晕动症[42]呈负相关。虚拟现实中视觉诱发晕动症的研究发现额叶和颞叶δ和β(13~30 Hz)频带功率的增加与晕动症[43]的发生有关。有研究称α频带功率的降低反映了运动区和顶叶区在接受前庭刺激时引起的晕动症[44]。生理数据测试和主观问卷法实验数据相互补充,对于数据误差的控制范围有至关重要的作用。
晕动症减缓策略可以分为源头诱发因素控制和症状缓解。目前通常采用医疗措施抑制晕动症,实际应用工程方法缓解晕车的情况较少。针对电动汽车晕动症的缓解策略分为多感官干预策略和电动汽车结构优化2个方面。
感觉冲突假说预测运动与感知运动信号冲突时刺激机体诱发晕动症[45-46]。利用人类对环境的感知和情绪的影响可以改善乘车体验。可以通过视觉、听觉、嗅觉等非传统方法减缓乘员晕车的不适。
在视觉方面,若电动汽车变速移动时观看静态显示器,或在行驶状态稳定的车辆上观看动态的车载视频,视觉系统接收到的信号将与前庭系统感知接收到的身体信号冲突,易诱发晕车症状。马凤云等[47]提出近眼显示中光学畸变对视觉诱导晕动症存在影响。Diels和Bos等[48-49]提出在车窗视觉范围装载显示器,扩展乘客的视觉范围获取车辆行驶时前方道路信息,以缓解晕动症症状。
在听觉方面,Keshavarz等[50]研究发现轻松愉悦的音乐是一种低成本、易于管理的方法,可有效缓解晕动症易感性,抑制晕车诱发,但是缺乏在实车上的进一步证实。而且利用音乐从根源上抑制晕车诱发,存在较强主观性与差异性,研究表明只有当音乐呈现为轻松愉快的感受才会有效缓解晕动症。
在嗅觉方面,赵昱等[51]研究证实柠檬精油能缓解晕动症的呕吐症状。Ranasinghe等[52]研究了嗅觉与晕动症评级之间的联系,发现汽油笼罩的空间会使晕动症程度加重。刘茜等[53]通过研究表明生姜精油、橘皮精油和食醋可以有效减轻晕动症的严重程度。林颖等[54]表明浓度为20%的姜花精油可有效降低晕车程度,如图5所示。部分乘客对于车内汽油味道较敏感,部分乘客对新能源汽车的运动状态[55]产生反应。不同的个体对于晕车诱发因素不同,晕动症研究存在不可避免的个体差异性、运动状态的客观性。
在电动汽车结构优化方面,减缓电动汽车晕车程度的研究主要分为2个方面:通过动能回收制动优化,减缓乘客拖拽感;调节车辆行驶参数提高乘员身体稳定性,减缓晕车反应。
在动能回收制动优化方面,制动启动一瞬间诱发晕动症机率高于加速颠簸行驶状态。电动汽车多数采用集成式的电子助力制动系统,初段制动均使用动能回收提供制动。新能源车辆的加速、制动的模式尽可能调至低动力模式,在车辆准备加速的时候缓踩加速踏板,并且在加速时尽可能地预判路况,避免紧急制动的情况,为感知系统预留缓冲空隙,可以有效控制晕动症的发生。同时,乘车时尽可能保证车内的空气流通,车内环境保持清新干净,晕动症易感性患者尽可能保证在车内的视野与运动方向一致。
车辆动力学参数是直接影响乘员晕车的主要因素之一。通过测量晕动症阈值,可以在行驶过程提前规避,减缓晕动症诱发。调节车辆行驶参数可以使车辆的运动状态更加平稳和舒适,减少乘员在车辆运动过程中的不适感,有效减缓乘员晕车的程度,提升驾乘体验的舒适性。
目前针对于晕动症的研究普遍基于感觉冲突假说,对于晕动症与车辆的运动状态综合研究的定量模型较少,对于乘客个体晕车程度的量化尚未实现。晕动症具有较多不确定因素,其治理成为研究难点。
在针对新能源车辆晕动症严重程度研究的评估方法中,主观问卷评测晕动症程度虽具备操作便捷性和易理解优势,但是无法避免随机性和本身主观因素的影响。基于客观生理数据分析晕动症严重程度,通过实时HRV、皮肤电导率(Skin Conductance Rate,SCR)等生理数据评估晕动症,受实验仪器所处实验环境信号稳定性等不确定因素影响会存在误差,且运动伪迹可能影响数据信噪比。综合应用主客观方法,采集数据稳定、数据分析相互验证,进而得出准确有效结论。
针对电动汽车的晕车缓解方式,如车辆参数阈值研究调控[56-57]、药物缓解、运动训练、座舱布置的优化以及音乐、香氛舒缓情绪状态等,但不同方式对于晕车人群治理效果还需进一步探究。
探索电动汽车移动时乘客个体晕车易感程度产生的量化关系,并建立感觉系统与车辆系统相交叉关联的晕动症发生机理模型,可以为电动汽车晕动症缓解研究和乘客舒适度提升奠定相关理论基础。
在用统计法处理大规模晕动症个体数据时,在误差波动允许的情况下记录相关生理信号的多模态特征与动态发生规律,同时建立电动汽车客观测量标准,对提供有效的实验数据有重要的推动作用。
优化动能回收制动电门,减轻主动悬架振动,在保证安全到达目的地的同时提升乘客的乘车舒适性,降低对于晕车乘客的劣性刺激以及避免晕车的诱发,将是电动汽车晕动症减缓技术的重要发展方向。但是如何将人体医学缓解方法与电动汽车工程相结合,并在此基础上智能识别与治理将是未来研究需突破的难点。
  • *国家自然科学基金项目(52402444)
  • 重庆市教委科学技术研究项目(KJQN202201345)
  • 重庆文理学院研究生科研创新项目(CUAS-GSK2024001)
  • 重庆市博士后研究项目特别资助(2023CQBSHTB3133)
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doi: 10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20230310
  • 首发时间:2025-11-10
  • 出版时间:2025-05-05
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*国家自然科学基金项目(52402444)
重庆市教委科学技术研究项目(KJQN202201345)
重庆文理学院研究生科研创新项目(CUAS-GSK2024001)
重庆市博士后研究项目特别资助(2023CQBSHTB3133)
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    1 重庆文理学院智能制造工程学院, 重庆 402160
    2 陆军军医大学生理教研室, 重庆 400038
    3 四川轻化工大学机械工程学院, 宜宾 643002
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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