Article(id=1190332968729153598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, issueId=1190332965457596465, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20240275, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1761727095059, onlineDateStr=2025-10-29, pubDate=1751644800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-05, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1761727095059, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1761727095059, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761727095059, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1190332965457596465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, year='2025', volume='', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='62', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1761727094282, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761728892482, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1190340507713770164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, issueId=1190332965457596465, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1190340507713770165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, issueId=1190332965457596465, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=43, endPage=51, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1190332968955646019, articleId=1190332968729153598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, language=EN, title=Fully Active Intelligent Control Strategy for Vehicle Chassis Suspension, columnId=1190332966141268019, journalTitle=Automotive Digest, columnName=Special Topic on State of Health (SOH)/State of Charge (SOC) Estimation and Collaborative Management Technology for Power Batteries, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

With the rapid development of intelligent vehicles and new energy vehicles, there are higher requirements for the dynamic responsiveness, multi-working condition adaptability and safety of the suspension system. In order to break through the limitations of traditional suspension and semi-active suspension in body posture adjustment and complex road condition adaptation, this paper outlines the working principle of the full-active suspension and makes an in-depth analysis of the characteristics, laws and advantages of the full-active suspension. Combined with the domestic and foreign research status, the advantages and limitations of various control strategies are summarized. On this basis, the development direction of the vehicle full-active suspension technology and its control strategies is proposed, in order to provide a reference for the in-depth development and wide application of the full-active suspension technology.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yuntao Yang, Tengyue Yang, Yuzhi Zhang, Xiaohong Zhu, Xubing Ji), CN=ArticleExt(id=1190332997980229707, articleId=1190332968729153598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, language=CN, title=全主动式车辆底盘悬架智能控制策略*, columnId=1190332966392926264, journalTitle=汽车文摘, columnName=动力电池SOH/SOC状态估计与协同管理技术专题, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

随着智能汽车与新能源汽车的快速发展,车辆对悬架系统的动态响应性、多工况适应性及安全性提出了更高要求。为了突破传统悬架及半主动悬架在车身姿态调节和复杂路况适应中的局限性,概述了全主动悬架的工作原理,深入分析了全主动悬架的特点规律及优越性。结合国内外研究现状,归纳了多种控制策略的优点和局限性,并在此基础上提出了车辆全主动悬架技术及其控制策略的发展方向,以期为全主动悬架技术的深入发展及广泛应用提供参考。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
杨腾越(2004—),本科在读,主要从事装备自动化技术研究。
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=wfP5uqk7kQsJY9JPBzo+LQ==, magXml=7u1R/M123HnOCX05BykUug==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=MwW93IZb+UUwUq8mSLnOrg==, pdfFileSize=882372, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=YQhyZCD7PzG0IlAFQezOkQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=HYCiOH+KCKfBqFQ5zKy2Dw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=杨云涛, 杨腾越, 张玉芝, 朱晓红, 姬旭冰)}, authors=[Author(id=1190332998374494292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1190332998458380375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, authorId=1190332998374494292, language=EN, stringName=Yuntao Yang, firstName=Yuntao, middleName=null, lastName=Yang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 College of Automotive Engineering, Hebei Vocational University of Industry and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050091, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1190332998521294936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, authorId=1190332998374494292, language=CN, stringName=杨云涛, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 河北工业职业技术大学汽车工程学院,石家庄 050091, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1190332998198333517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190332998206722126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, companyId=1190332998198333517, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 College of Automotive Engineering, Hebei Vocational University of Industry and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050091), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190332998210916431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, companyId=1190332998198333517, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 河北工业职业技术大学汽车工程学院,石家庄 050091)])]), Author(id=1190332998592598106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1190332998689067100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, authorId=1190332998592598106, language=EN, stringName=Tengyue Yang, firstName=Tengyue, middleName=null, lastName=Yang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2 Army Aviation College, Beijing 101123, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1190332998760370269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, authorId=1190332998592598106, language=CN, stringName=杨腾越, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2 陆军航空兵学院,北京 101123, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1190332998290608208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190332998294802513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, companyId=1190332998290608208, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Army Aviation College, Beijing 101123), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190332998303191122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, companyId=1190332998290608208, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 陆军航空兵学院,北京 101123)])]), Author(id=1190332998852644959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1190332998928142433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, authorId=1190332998852644959, language=EN, stringName=Yuzhi Zhang, firstName=Yuzhi, middleName=null, lastName=Zhang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 College of Automotive Engineering, Hebei Vocational University of Industry and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050091, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1190332998986862690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, authorId=1190332998852644959, language=CN, stringName=张玉芝, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 河北工业职业技术大学汽车工程学院,石家庄 050091, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1190332998198333517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190332998206722126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, companyId=1190332998198333517, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 College of Automotive Engineering, Hebei Vocational University of Industry and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050091), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190332998210916431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, companyId=1190332998198333517, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 河北工业职业技术大学汽车工程学院,石家庄 050091)])]), Author(id=1190332999058165860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1190332999129469030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, authorId=1190332999058165860, language=EN, stringName=Xiaohong Zhu, firstName=Xiaohong, middleName=null, lastName=Zhu, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 College of Automotive Engineering, Hebei Vocational University of Industry and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050091, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1190332999188189287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, authorId=1190332999058165860, language=CN, stringName=朱晓红, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 河北工业职业技术大学汽车工程学院,石家庄 050091, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1190332998198333517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190332998206722126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, companyId=1190332998198333517, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 College of Automotive Engineering, Hebei Vocational University of Industry and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050091), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190332998210916431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, companyId=1190332998198333517, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 河北工业职业技术大学汽车工程学院,石家庄 050091)])]), Author(id=1190332999263686761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1190332999330795627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, authorId=1190332999263686761, language=EN, stringName=Xubing Ji, firstName=Xubing, middleName=null, lastName=Ji, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 College of Automotive Engineering, Hebei Vocational University of Industry and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050091, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1190332999389515884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, authorId=1190332999263686761, language=CN, stringName=姬旭冰, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 河北工业职业技术大学汽车工程学院,石家庄 050091, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1190332998198333517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190332998206722126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, companyId=1190332998198333517, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 College of Automotive Engineering, Hebei Vocational University of Industry and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050091), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190332998210916431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, companyId=1190332998198333517, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 河北工业职业技术大学汽车工程学院,石家庄 050091)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1190332999469207661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=Vehicle chassis), Keyword(id=1190332999515345006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=Full active suspension), Keyword(id=1190332999565676655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=Intelligent control), Keyword(id=1190332999641174128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=车辆底盘), Keyword(id=1190332999725060209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=全主动悬架), Keyword(id=1190332999779586162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=智能控制)], refs=[Reference(id=1190333000387760248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=105, pageStart=523, pageEnd=537, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=KIM Y, KIM M W, journalName=Alexandria Engineering Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KIM Y, KIM M W, et al. Meta-heuristic Optimization-Based Robust [Formula Omitted] Controller Design for Active Suspension Systems Subject to Actuator Saturation[J]. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 2024(105): 523-537., articleTitle=Meta-heuristic Optimization-Based Robust [Formula Omitted] Controller Design for Active Suspension Systems Subject to Actuator Saturation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190333000446480505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=59, issue=7, pageStart=1087, pageEnd=1102, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=JIANG K Y, journalName=Meccanica, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JIANG K Y, et al. Hybrid Damping Control of Magnetorheological Semi-Active Suspension Based on Feedback Linearization Kalman Observer[J]. Meccanica, 2024, 59(7): 1087-1102., articleTitle=Hybrid Damping Control of Magnetorheological Semi-Active Suspension Based on Feedback Linearization Kalman Observer, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190333000505200762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=36, issue=3, pageStart=148, pageEnd=160, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=POUSSOT-VASSAL C, SPELTA C, SENAME OZ, journalName=Annual Reviews in Control, refType=null, unstructuredReference=POUSSOT-VASSAL C, SPELTA C, SENAME OZ, et al. Survey and Performance Evaluation on Some Automotive Semi-Active Suspension Control Methods: A Comparative Study on a Single-Corner Model[J]. Annual Reviews in Control, 2012, 36(3): 148-160., articleTitle=Survey and Performance Evaluation on Some Automotive Semi-Active Suspension Control Methods: A Comparative Study on a Single-Corner Model, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190333000563921019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=47, issue=2, pageStart=79, pageEnd=88, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=潘公宇, 范菲阳, 冯鑫, journalName=电子测量技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=潘公宇, 范菲阳, 冯鑫. 基于主动悬架的整车车身姿态控制策略研究[J]. 电子测量技术, 2024, 47(2): 79-88., articleTitle=基于主动悬架的整车车身姿态控制策略研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190333000614252668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=44, issue=4, pageStart=733, pageEnd=828, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=李韶华, 季广港, journalName=振动、测试与诊断, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李韶华, 季广港, 等. 车辆主动悬架自适应变论域T-S模糊控制研究[J]. 振动、测试与诊断, 2024, 44(4): 733-828., articleTitle=车辆主动悬架自适应变论域T-S模糊控制研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190333000668778621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=28, issue=3/4, pageStart=243, pageEnd=25, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=AELA A M, KENNE J P, MINTSA H A, journalName=Journal of Vibration and Control, refType=null, unstructuredReference=AELA A M, KENNE J P, MINTSA H A. Adaptive Neural Network and Nonlinear Electrohydraulic Active Suspension Control System[J]. Journal of Vibration and Control. 2022, 28(3/4): 243-25., articleTitle=Adaptive Neural Network and Nonlinear Electrohydraulic Active Suspension Control System, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190333000723304574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=52, issue=15, pageStart=95, pageEnd=101, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=李勇恒, 刘航, 胡言章, journalName=机床与液压, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李勇恒, 刘航, 胡言章, 等. 采煤机搬运车悬挂系统智能控制与调平策略研究[J]. 机床与液压, 2024, 52(15): 95-101., articleTitle=采煤机搬运车悬挂系统智能控制与调平策略研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190333000782024831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=19, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=PARVEZ Y, CHAUHAN N R, SRIVASTAVA M, journalName=Journal of the Institution of Engineers (India): Series C, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PARVEZ Y, CHAUHAN N R, SRIVASTAVA M. Vibration Control and Comparative Analysis of Passive and Active Suspension Systems Using PID Controller with Particle Swarm Optimization[J]. Journal of the Institution of Engineers (India): Series C, 2024: 1-19., articleTitle=Vibration Control and Comparative Analysis of Passive and Active Suspension Systems Using PID Controller with Particle Swarm Optimization, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190333000840745088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=22, issue=10, pageStart=4180, pageEnd=4186, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=詹长书, 苏立庆, journalName=科学技术与工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=詹长书, 苏立庆. 基于粒子群优化的主动悬架PID控制策略[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2022, 22(10): 4180-4186., articleTitle=基于粒子群优化的主动悬架PID控制策略, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190333000916242561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=56, issue=7-8, pageStart=1251, pageEnd=1260, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=MA S, LI Y, TONG S, journalName=Measurement and Control, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MA S, LI Y, TONG S. Research on Control Strategy of Seven-DOF Vehicle Active Suspension System Based on Co-simulation[J]. Measurement and Control, 2023, 56(7-8): 1251-1260., articleTitle=Research on Control Strategy of Seven-DOF Vehicle Active Suspension System Based on Co-simulation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190333000970768514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=26, issue=4, pageStart=936, pageEnd=947, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=HAN F, PENG W, journalName=Journal of Vibroengineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HAN F, PENG W. Optimal Control of Autonomous Vehicle Path Tracking Based on Whale Optimization Algorithm[J]. Journal of Vibroengineering, 2024, 26(4): 936-947., articleTitle=Optimal Control of Autonomous Vehicle Path Tracking Based on Whale Optimization Algorithm, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190333001994178691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=44, issue=4, pageStart=211, pageEnd=277, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=朱爱鑫, 袁春元, 陶振兴, journalName=噪声与振动控制, refType=null, unstructuredReference=朱爱鑫, 袁春元, 陶振兴. 制动工况下含预瞄信息的主动悬架变权重LQG控制[J]. 噪声与振动控制, 2024, 44(4): 211-277., articleTitle=制动工况下含预瞄信息的主动悬架变权重LQG控制, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190333002094841988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=null, issue=340, pageStart=631, pageEnd=635, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=QIN Y F, HUA J, GENG L W, journalName=Applied Mechanics&Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=QIN Y F, HUA J, GENG L W. Research on Optimal Control and Simulation for Active Suspension Systems[J]. Applied Mechanics&Materials, 2013(340): 631-635., articleTitle=Research on Optimal Control and Simulation for Active Suspension Systems, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190333002153562245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=12, issue=7, pageStart=433, pageEnd=433, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=YOON D S, CHOI S B, journalName=Machines, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YOON D S, CHOI S B. Adaptive Control for Suspension System of In-Wheel Motor Vehicle with Magnetorheological Damper[J]. Machines, 2024, 12(7): 433-433., articleTitle=Adaptive Control for Suspension System of In-Wheel Motor Vehicle with Magnetorheological Damper, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190333002208088198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=361, issue=10, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=GUO X, WANG J, SUN W, journalName=Journal of the Franklin Institute, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GUO X, WANG J, SUN W. Nonlinear Adaptive Fault-Tolerant Control for Full-Car Active Suspension with Velocity Measurement Errors and Full-State Constraints[J]. Journal of the Franklin Institute, 2024, 361(10): 106845., articleTitle=Nonlinear Adaptive Fault-Tolerant Control for Full-Car Active Suspension with Velocity Measurement Errors and Full-State Constraints, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190333002258419847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=236, issue=2-3, pageStart=343, pageEnd=352, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=NICHIELEA T C, UNGURITU M G, journalName=Journal of Automobile Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NICHIELEA T C, UNGURITU M G. Design and Comparisons of Adaptive Harmonic Control for a Quarter-Car Active Suspension[J]. Journal of Automobile Engineering, 2022, 236(2-3): 343-352., articleTitle=Design and Comparisons of Adaptive Harmonic Control for a Quarter-Car Active Suspension, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190333002312945800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=108, issue=4, pageStart=3435, pageEnd=3448, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=DENG Y, GONG M, NI T, journalName=Nonlinear Dynamics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DENG Y, GONG M, NI T. Double-Channel Event-Triggered Adaptive Optimal Control of Active Suspension Systems[J]. Nonlinear Dynamics, 2022, 108(4): 3435-3448., articleTitle=Double-Channel Event-Triggered Adaptive Optimal Control of Active Suspension Systems, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190333002388443273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1992, volume=37, issue=8, pageStart=1261, pageEnd=1265, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=17, authorNames=ZHOU K, journalName=Automatic Control IEEE Transactions on, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHOU K. Comparison between H2 and H Controllers[J]. Automatic Control IEEE Transactions on, 1992, 37(8): 1261-1265., articleTitle=Comparison between H2 and H Controllers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190333002459746442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=18, authorNames=王雄, journalName=横向主动避撞系统摄动模型及μ综合鲁棒控制研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王雄. 横向主动避撞系统摄动模型及μ综合鲁棒控制研究[D]. 镇江市: 江苏大学, 2017., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190333002547826827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=52, issue=2, pageStart=65, pageEnd=75, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=19, authorNames=郭庚鑫, 王帅, 李阁强, journalName=河南科技学院学报(自然科学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=郭庚鑫, 王帅, 李阁强, 等. 基于遗传算法的重型特种车辆主动悬架H2/H控制研究[J]. 河南科技学院学报(自然科学版), 2024, 52(2): 65-75., articleTitle=基于遗传算法的重型特种车辆主动悬架H2/H控制研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190333002686238860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=43, issue=8, pageStart=221, pageEnd=286, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=20, authorNames=寇发荣, 李荣霖, 杨旭东, journalName=振动与冲击, refType=null, unstructuredReference=寇发荣, 李荣霖, 杨旭东, 等. 电磁阀半主动悬架线性变参数μ综合鲁棒控制[J]. 振动与冲击, 2024, 43(8): 221-286., articleTitle=电磁阀半主动悬架线性变参数μ综合鲁棒控制, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190333002765930637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=222, issue=5, pageStart=665, pageEnd=684, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=21, authorNames=DU H, ZHANG N, journalName=Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part D Journal of Automobile Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DU H, ZHANG N. Constrained H Control of Active Suspension for a Half-car Model with a Time Delay in Control[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part D Journal of Automobile Engineering, 2008, 222(5): 665-684., articleTitle=Constrained H Control of Active Suspension for a Half-car Model with a Time Delay in Control, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190333002833039502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=14, issue=3, pageStart=114, pageEnd=116, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=22, authorNames=杨惠, journalName=现代信息科技, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杨惠. 基于模糊 PID 的车辆半主动悬架系统研究[J]. 现代信息科技, 2019, 14(3): 114-116., articleTitle=基于模糊 PID 的车辆半主动悬架系统研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190333002887565455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=45, issue=1, pageStart=8, pageEnd=15, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=23, authorNames=薛文平, 张春玲, journalName=江苏大学学报(自然科学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=薛文平, 张春玲. 基于遗传算法的汽车主动悬架变论域模糊PID控制[J]. 江苏大学学报(自然科学版), 2024, 45(1): 8-15., articleTitle=基于遗传算法的汽车主动悬架变论域模糊PID控制, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190333002946285712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=5, issue=3, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=24, authorNames=JI G G, ZHANG L D, SHAN M Y, journalName=Engineering Research Express, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JI G G, ZHANG L D, SHAN M Y, et al. Enhanced Variable Universe Fuzzy PID Control of the Active Suspension Based on Expansion Factor Parameters Adaption and Genetic Algorithm[J]. Engineering Research Express, 2023, 5(3): 35007., articleTitle=Enhanced Variable Universe Fuzzy PID Control of the Active Suspension Based on Expansion Factor Parameters Adaption and Genetic Algorithm, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190333003030171793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=14, issue=9, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=25, authorNames=YIN Z, SU R, MA X, journalName=World Electric Vehicle Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YIN Z, SU R, MA X. Dynamic Responses of 8-DoF Vehicle with Active Suspension: Fuzzy-PID Control[J]. World Electric Vehicle Journal, 2023, 14(9): 249., articleTitle=Dynamic Responses of 8-DoF Vehicle with Active Suspension: Fuzzy-PID Control, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190333003097280658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=311, issue=2, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=26, authorNames=COLLADO GONZALEZ I, journalName=Ocean Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=COLLADO GONZALEZ I, et al. Adaptive Sliding Mode Control with Nonlinear MPC-Based Obstacle Avoidance Using LiDAR for an Autonomous Surface Vehicle Under Disturbances[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2024, 311(2): 118998., articleTitle=Adaptive Sliding Mode Control with Nonlinear MPC-Based Obstacle Avoidance Using LiDAR for an Autonomous Surface Vehicle Under Disturbances, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190333003160195219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=15, pageStart=22, pageEnd=24, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=27, authorNames=钟豪, journalName=内燃机与配件, refType=null, unstructuredReference=钟豪. 汽车悬架系统非线性滑模控制研究[J]. 内燃机与配件, 2024, (15): 22-24., articleTitle=汽车悬架系统非线性滑模控制研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190333003277635732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=15, issue=8, pageStart=380, pageEnd=380, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=28, authorNames=LI Y, FANG Z, ZHU K, journalName=World Electric Vehicle Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Y, FANG Z, ZHU K, et al. Sliding Mode Control for Semi-Active Suspension System Based on Enhanced African Vultures Optimization Algorithm[J]. World Electric Vehicle Journal, 2024, 15 (8): 380-380., articleTitle=Sliding Mode Control for Semi-Active Suspension System Based on Enhanced African Vultures Optimization Algorithm, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190333003353133205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=43, issue=13, pageStart=237, pageEnd=247, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=29, authorNames=寇发荣, 陈奕晓, 张新乾, journalName=振动与冲击, refType=null, unstructuredReference=寇发荣, 陈奕晓, 张新乾, 等. 基于路面激励预瞄范围切换的主动悬架滑模控制[J]. 振动与冲击, 2024, 43(13): 237-247., articleTitle=基于路面激励预瞄范围切换的主动悬架滑模控制, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190333003437019286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2002, volume=36, issue=11, pageStart=1241, pageEnd=1253, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=30, authorNames=KANELLAKOPOULOS I, KOKOTOVIC P V, MORSE A S, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KANELLAKOPOULOS I, KOKOTOVIC P V, MORSE A S. Systematic Design of Adaptive Controllers for Feedback Linearizable Systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 2002, 36(11):1241-1253., articleTitle=Systematic Design of Adaptive Controllers for Feedback Linearizable Systems, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190333003491545239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=16, issue=12, pageStart=1457, pageEnd=1467, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=31, authorNames=NURKAN Y, HACIOGLU Y, journalName=Control Engineering Practice, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NURKAN Y, HACIOGLU Y. Backstepping Control of a Vehicle with Active Suspen sions[J]. Control Engineering Practice, 2008, 16(12): 1457-1467., articleTitle=Backstepping Control of a Vehicle with Active Suspen sions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190333003554459800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=9, pageStart=1, pageEnd=9, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=32, authorNames=安润兴, 王百键, 唐传茵, journalName=控制工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=安润兴, 王百键, 唐传茵, 等. 空气悬架高度调节预设性能Backstepping控制[J]. 控制工程, 2023(9): 1-9., articleTitle=空气悬架高度调节预设性能Backstepping控制, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190333003608985753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=1311, issue=1, pageStart=12024, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=33, authorNames=CHANGOSKI V, VASILEVA A, DANEV D, journalName=Materials Science and Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHANGOSKI V, VASILEVA A, DANEV D, et al. Implementing Model Predictive Control (MPC) in Steer-by-Wire Systems for Future Automated Vehicles[J]. Materials Science and Engineering, 2024, 1311(1): 12024., articleTitle=Implementing Model Predictive Control (MPC) in Steer-by-Wire Systems for Future Automated Vehicles, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190333003680288923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=99, pageStart=1, pageEnd=15, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=34, authorNames=LI W, XIE Z, ZHAO J, journalName=IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI W, XIE Z, ZHAO J, et al. Static-Output-Feedback Based Robust Fuzzy Wheelbase Preview Control for Uncertain Active Suspensions with Time Delay and Finite Frequency Constraint[J]. IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica, 2020(99): 1-15., articleTitle=Static-Output-Feedback Based Robust Fuzzy Wheelbase Preview Control for Uncertain Active Suspensions with Time Delay and Finite Frequency Constraint, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190333003751592092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=46, issue=7, pageStart=1282, pageEnd=1301, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=35, authorNames=冯桂珍, 赵东鹏, 李韶华, journalName=汽车工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=冯桂珍, 赵东鹏, 李韶华. 基于分数阶的空气弹簧建模及电动汽车主动悬架控制研究[J]. 汽车工程, 2024, 46(7): 1282-1301., articleTitle=基于分数阶的空气弹簧建模及电动汽车主动悬架控制研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190333003848061085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=21, issue=3, pageStart=113, pageEnd=120, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=36, authorNames=段捷, 陈禧龙, 杨宏杰, journalName=装备环境工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=段捷, 陈禧龙, 杨宏杰, 等. 基于RBF神经网络的油气悬架平顺性研究[J]. 装备环境工程, 2024, 21 (3):113-120., articleTitle=基于RBF神经网络的油气悬架平顺性研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190333003919364254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=13, issue=3, pageStart=1705, pageEnd=1705, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=37, authorNames=MINH C H, KWAN K A, journalName=Applied Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MINH C H, KWAN K A. Extended State Observer-based Adaptive Neural Networks Backstepping Control for Pneumatic Active Suspension with Prescribed Performance Constraint[J]. Applied Sciences, 2023, 13(3): 1705-1705., articleTitle=Extended State Observer-based Adaptive Neural Networks Backstepping Control for Pneumatic Active Suspension with Prescribed Performance Constraint, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190333003978084511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=12, issue=12, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=38, authorNames=ZHAO W, GU L, journalName=Actuators, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHAO W, GU L. Adaptive PID Controller for Active Suspension Using Radial Basis Function Neural Networks[J]. Actuators, 2023, 12(12): 437., articleTitle=Adaptive PID Controller for Active Suspension Using Radial Basis Function Neural Networks, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190333004078747808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=237, issue=1, pageStart=34, pageEnd=47, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=39, authorNames=HAMZA A, YAHIA N B, journalName=Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HAMZA A, YAHIA N B. Artificial Neural Networks Controller of Active Suspension for Ambulance Based on ISO Standards[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, 2023, 237 (1): 34-47., articleTitle=Artificial Neural Networks Controller of Active Suspension for Ambulance Based on ISO Standards, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1190333000308068471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, awardId=SJZKJJ20230719, language=CN, fundingSource=*石家庄市智能网联汽车导航定位技术创新中心项目(SJZKJJ20230719), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1190332998198333517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190332998206722126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, companyId=1190332998198333517, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 College of Automotive Engineering, Hebei Vocational University of Industry and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050091), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190332998210916431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, companyId=1190332998198333517, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 河北工业职业技术大学汽车工程学院,石家庄 050091)]), AuthorCompany(id=1190332998290608208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190332998294802513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, companyId=1190332998290608208, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Army Aviation College, Beijing 101123), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190332998303191122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, companyId=1190332998290608208, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 陆军航空兵学院,北京 101123)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1190332999871860851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=C5nxY75beU0XAkyskF1Ymw==, figureFileBig=YQhyZCD7PzG0IlAFQezOkQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190332999930581108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, language=CN, label=图1, caption=全主动悬架工作原理, figureFileSmall=C5nxY75beU0XAkyskF1Ymw==, figureFileBig=YQhyZCD7PzG0IlAFQezOkQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190333000089964661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
悬架构型 控制策略 优点 局限性
被动式 减振弹簧和阻尼器 结构简单,成本低 悬架减振参数固定,无法根据不同路况主动调整
半主动式 智能阻尼介质 磁流变体等智能材料作为阻尼器介质,
快速减振
仅改变减振器的阻尼
全主动式 PID控制 模型简单,响应速度较快 非线性系统性能较差
最优控制 实现控制指标参数最优化 数学模型精度要求高
自适应控制 自主调整控制参数,适用于复杂系统 系统设计和实现复杂,计算量大
鲁棒控制 抗干扰能力强 设计过程复杂,对系统模型的依赖性高
模糊控制 不依赖于精确的数学模型 受不同专家经验规则影响,难以客观验证和全局优化
滑模控制 良好的动态性能和鲁棒性 易产生抖振现象及电磁干扰
反步控制 非线性系统性能优越 对系统模型精度依赖程度高,模型设计和计算比较复杂
预测控制 可预估系统未来变化趋势,提升系统
响应速度
高度依赖系统模型和路面模型,易产生积累误差
神经网络控制 具有自学习能力,非线性系统性能好 需要大量高质量数据训练,计算过程较为复杂
), ArticleFig(id=1190333000224182390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1190332968729153598, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同悬架构型及控制策略对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
悬架构型 控制策略 优点 局限性
被动式 减振弹簧和阻尼器 结构简单,成本低 悬架减振参数固定,无法根据不同路况主动调整
半主动式 智能阻尼介质 磁流变体等智能材料作为阻尼器介质,
快速减振
仅改变减振器的阻尼
全主动式 PID控制 模型简单,响应速度较快 非线性系统性能较差
最优控制 实现控制指标参数最优化 数学模型精度要求高
自适应控制 自主调整控制参数,适用于复杂系统 系统设计和实现复杂,计算量大
鲁棒控制 抗干扰能力强 设计过程复杂,对系统模型的依赖性高
模糊控制 不依赖于精确的数学模型 受不同专家经验规则影响,难以客观验证和全局优化
滑模控制 良好的动态性能和鲁棒性 易产生抖振现象及电磁干扰
反步控制 非线性系统性能优越 对系统模型精度依赖程度高,模型设计和计算比较复杂
预测控制 可预估系统未来变化趋势,提升系统
响应速度
高度依赖系统模型和路面模型,易产生积累误差
神经网络控制 具有自学习能力,非线性系统性能好 需要大量高质量数据训练,计算过程较为复杂
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1149694111122235398, delFlag=0, nameCn=汽车文摘, nameEn=Automotive Digest, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1671-6329, eissn=null, cn=22-1112/U, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=luiJW6+BcEXciylORYcumg==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=null, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1752038036376, updatedTime=1761735682597, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=A, firstLetterEn=A, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=Engineering, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=luiJW6+BcEXciylORYcumg==, picEn=O+ZP75C19YktWcRPOtyJBw==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1190368987570606240, language=CN, name=汽车文摘, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735682623, updatedTime=1761735682623, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://qcwz.cbpt.cnki.net/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://qcwz.cbpt.cnki.net/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://qcwz.cbpt.cnki.net/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1190368987625132193, language=EN, name=Automotive Digest, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735682636, updatedTime=1761735682636, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://qcwz.cbpt.cnki.net/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://qcwz.cbpt.cnki.net/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://qcwz.cbpt.cnki.net/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1189645257101713411, websiteList=[Website(id=1189645359124066938, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1189645257101713411, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcwz/CN, language=CN, createTime=1761563156157, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761563183518, updateBy=18614031015, name=汽车文摘-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=汽车文摘, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189645933336867479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359124066938, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761563293060, updateTime=1761563293060, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189645933315895956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359124066938, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761563293055, updateTime=1761563293055, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189645933353644698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359124066938, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761563293064, updateTime=1761563293064, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189645933307507347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359124066938, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcwz/CN/file/pic?fileId=wLaOR3KnYrzJXN7hXuyp1Q==, createTime=1761563293053, updateTime=1761563293053, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189645933366227612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359124066938, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761563293067, updateTime=1761563293067, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189645933332673174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359124066938, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcwz/CN/file/pic, createTime=1761563293059, updateTime=1761563293059, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189645933362033307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359124066938, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761563293066, updateTime=1761563293066, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189645933324284565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359124066938, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1761563293057, updateTime=1761563293057, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189645933345256088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359124066938, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761563293062, updateTime=1761563293062, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189645933349450393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359124066938, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761563293063, updateTime=1761563293063, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1189645359224730237, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1189645257101713411, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcwz/EN, language=EN, createTime=1761563156181, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761563214005, updateBy=18614031015, name=汽车文摘-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Automotive Digest, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189645970888471201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359224730237, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761563302013, updateTime=1761563302013, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189645970871693982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359224730237, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761563302009, updateTime=1761563302009, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189645970905248420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359224730237, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761563302017, updateTime=1761563302017, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189645970863305373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359224730237, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcwz/EN/file/pic?fileId=wLaOR3KnYrzJXN7hXuyp1Q==, createTime=1761563302007, updateTime=1761563302007, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189645970917831334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359224730237, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761563302020, updateTime=1761563302020, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189645970884276896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359224730237, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcwz/EN/file/pic, createTime=1761563302012, updateTime=1761563302012, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189645970913637029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359224730237, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761563302019, updateTime=1761563302019, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189645970880082591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359224730237, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1761563302011, updateTime=1761563302011, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189645970892665506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359224730237, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761563302014, updateTime=1761563302014, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189645970896859811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189645359224730237, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761563302015, updateTime=1761563302015, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=汽车文摘, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://qcwz.cbpt.cnki.net/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Automotive Digest, journalPhotoCn=luiJW6+BcEXciylORYcumg==, journalPhotoEn=O+ZP75C19YktWcRPOtyJBw==, journalFirstLetter=A, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcwz/CN/10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20240275, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcwz/EN/10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20240275, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcwz/CN/PDF/10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20240275, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcwz/EN/PDF/10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20240275, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
全主动式车辆底盘悬架智能控制策略*
收藏切换
PDF下载
杨云涛 1 , 杨腾越 2 , 张玉芝 1 , 朱晓红 1 , 姬旭冰 1
汽车文摘 | 动力电池SOH/SOC状态估计与协同管理技术专题 2025,(7): 43-51
收起
收藏切换
汽车文摘 | 动力电池SOH/SOC状态估计与协同管理技术专题 2025, (7): 43-51
全主动式车辆底盘悬架智能控制策略*
全屏
杨云涛1, 杨腾越2, 张玉芝1, 朱晓红1, 姬旭冰1
作者信息
  • 1 河北工业职业技术大学汽车工程学院,石家庄 050091
  • 2 陆军航空兵学院,北京 101123

通讯作者:

杨腾越(2004—),本科在读,主要从事装备自动化技术研究。
Fully Active Intelligent Control Strategy for Vehicle Chassis Suspension
Yuntao Yang1, Tengyue Yang2, Yuzhi Zhang1, Xiaohong Zhu1, Xubing Ji1
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Automotive Engineering, Hebei Vocational University of Industry and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050091
  • 2 Army Aviation College, Beijing 101123
出版时间: 2025-07-05 doi: 10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20240275
文章导航
收藏切换

随着智能汽车与新能源汽车的快速发展,车辆对悬架系统的动态响应性、多工况适应性及安全性提出了更高要求。为了突破传统悬架及半主动悬架在车身姿态调节和复杂路况适应中的局限性,概述了全主动悬架的工作原理,深入分析了全主动悬架的特点规律及优越性。结合国内外研究现状,归纳了多种控制策略的优点和局限性,并在此基础上提出了车辆全主动悬架技术及其控制策略的发展方向,以期为全主动悬架技术的深入发展及广泛应用提供参考。

车辆底盘  /  全主动悬架  /  智能控制

With the rapid development of intelligent vehicles and new energy vehicles, there are higher requirements for the dynamic responsiveness, multi-working condition adaptability and safety of the suspension system. In order to break through the limitations of traditional suspension and semi-active suspension in body posture adjustment and complex road condition adaptation, this paper outlines the working principle of the full-active suspension and makes an in-depth analysis of the characteristics, laws and advantages of the full-active suspension. Combined with the domestic and foreign research status, the advantages and limitations of various control strategies are summarized. On this basis, the development direction of the vehicle full-active suspension technology and its control strategies is proposed, in order to provide a reference for the in-depth development and wide application of the full-active suspension technology.

Vehicle chassis  /  Full active suspension  /  Intelligent control
杨云涛, 杨腾越, 张玉芝, 朱晓红, 姬旭冰. 全主动式车辆底盘悬架智能控制策略*. 汽车文摘, 2025 , (7) : 43 -51 . DOI: 10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20240275
Yuntao Yang, Tengyue Yang, Yuzhi Zhang, Xiaohong Zhu, Xubing Ji. Fully Active Intelligent Control Strategy for Vehicle Chassis Suspension[J]. Automotive Digest, 2025 , (7) : 43 -51 . DOI: 10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20240275
车辆底盘悬架系统作为连接车架与车轮的关键装置,直接影响车辆的舒适性、操控性和安全性。随着汽车工业向智能化、电动化方向快速发展,用户对驾乘体验的要求日益提高。传统被动悬架和半主动悬架因功能局限难以满足复杂路况下的动态调节需求,而全主动悬架技术通过集成传感器、控制器与作动器,实现了车身姿态、高度及减振性能的实时主动调节,成为提升车辆综合性能的核心技术之一,在高端乘用车、新能源汽车及特种车辆领域展现出广阔的应用前景[1-2]
全主动悬架自20世纪50年代提出以来,历经液压、空气及油气式作动器的迭代,逐步解决了执行器响应速度与可靠性问题[3-4]。近年来,国内外学者围绕全主动悬架控制策略进行了大量研究并取得丰硕成果,但多数文献聚焦单一控制算法的优化,缺乏对多策略协同作用的系统性对比与综合评价,多算法融合、多传感器信息协同及复杂工况下的实时优化仍是当前的技术瓶颈。
本文基于国内外研究现状,系统梳理了全主动悬架的工作原理与控制策略,通过对比分析比例-积分-微分(Proportional Integral Derivative,PID)、最优控制、自适应控制、鲁棒控制、模糊控制、滑模控制、反步控制、预测控制及神经网络控制等算法的优点和局限性,提出车辆全主动悬架技术及其控制策略的发展方向,为全主动悬架的创新研究及工程化应用提供参考。
全主动悬架是在被动悬架的基础上,在每个车轮处增加一个可控作动器,可以独立控制底盘升降。全主动悬架主要具有3项功能:车身底盘高度调节、车身底盘姿态调节以及车身底盘减振调节,其工作原理如图1所示。
全主动悬架的组成部件主要包括减振弹簧、阻尼器、作动器、传感器以及控制器。在车辆行驶过程中,路况对车轮的作用力通过减振弹簧、悬架连杆及阻尼器传递至车身底盘。车辆电子控制单元(Electronic Control Unit,ECU)通过姿态传感器、位移传感器等元件实时感知车身姿态及振动情况。ECU根据主动悬架控制算法发出指令,通过控制器控制作动器作出响应,实现对车身底盘姿态变化的逆补偿,同时根据车身底盘振动频率和加速度变化趋势,输出反作用力,抑制车身底盘振动,提高乘车舒适性。
作动器可分为液压式作动器、空气式作动器和油气式作动器。液压式作动器通过内置式电子液压集成模块自动控制调节车辆底盘,根据车辆行驶速度、底盘振动、车轮跳动和底盘姿态等信号,自动调节4个液压缸的行程伸缩量,从而实现对减振器软硬程度、底盘高度以及车辆姿态的调整。液压作动器具有响应速度快、承载能力强、不受极端恶劣环境影响的优点,但其结构复杂、易出现油液渗漏等问题。空气式作动器利用空气弹簧替代传统金属弹簧,通过电子控制实现车身高度和刚度的动态调整,具有优越的隔振效果,细小振动不易传递至车内,可提高驾乘的舒适性和操控性。但其响应速度慢、橡胶材质易老化、不适用于细沙和粉尘环境。油气式作动器底部采用液压式结构,顶部采用空气腔以缓冲减振,集成了空气式作动器与液压式作动器的优点,但其结构复杂且维护成本较高。
车身底盘高度是指车辆底盘的最小离地间隙,通常为在车辆满载情况下,底盘最突出部位与水平地面之间的距离,该参数对车辆通过性、操控稳定性以及外观协调性均具有重要影响。通常轿车的最小离地间隙范围为110~200 mm,但该数值受不同车型设计用途、品牌以及目标市场因素的影响。
不同工况条件对车身底盘的最小离地间隙要求存在差异。例如,山区及乡野路面对车辆底盘最小离地间隙具有较高要求,以增强车辆的通过性能。新能源汽车动力电池通常安装于车身底部,行驶过程中若凸起路面与底部电池发生磕碰,可能导致电池损坏甚至发生自燃,因此其对车身底盘高度也具有较高要求。全主动悬架可以根据路况实时调节底盘高度,有效提高车辆的通过性能和行驶安全性。
车身底盘姿态调节对确保车辆行驶稳定性和舒适性具有重要意义。车辆底盘姿态调节主要涉及车辆底盘的俯仰角、横滚角和方位角等姿态参数,其中俯仰角和横滚角对驾乘人员的舒适性影响最为显著。
四轮行驶车辆的底盘姿态调节实现过程为:车辆ECU通过姿态角度传感器实时采集感知车辆底盘的姿态信息,并实时向4个作动器发出控制指令,调节各作动器的伸缩量,从而最大程度地保持车辆底盘的平稳状态,提高乘员舒适性。此外,车身底盘姿态调节技术还可以实时调节各个车轮的垂直变动量,增加附着力和车轮与地面的摩擦力,增强车辆的行驶驱动力和复杂路面的脱困功能。蔚来ET9搭载全主动悬架技术,车轮均可被独立控制,达到2秒内上抬40 mm或者下降50 mm的调节速度,可以快速适应不同的路况。比亚迪仰望U8搭载的主动悬架系统,通过电气化和智能化技术提升车辆底盘稳定性且具有停车露营一键调节底盘水平功能。
全主动悬架利用作动器的动态响应特性,实现对车辆振动的快速抑制。全主动悬架通过ECU实时监测车身加速度、悬架行程等参数,并结合控制算法计算最优作动力。作动器可输出与振动方向相反的主动力,精准抵消振动能量,从而显著缩短车身稳定时间,提升行驶平顺性。例如,在突发颠簸工况下,系统可在毫秒级内调整作动器行程,使车身振动快速衰减,避免传统阻尼器因响应延迟导致的余振问题。同时,该技术与预瞄系统结合,可以通过激光雷达提前感知路面起伏,预生成控制指令,进一步优化减振效果。
近年来,随着嵌入式系统及人工智能技术的不断发展,多种先进控制技术被应用于全主动悬架系统,为全主动悬架控制策略的发展与优化提供了多种可行方案。适用于全主动悬架控制技术的方法主要包括:PID控制、最优控制、自适应控制、鲁棒控制、模糊控制、滑模控制、反步(Backstepping)控制、预测控制以及神经网络控制等算法[5-6]
PID控制算法可根据控制对象建立精确数学模型,算法简单、鲁棒性好、可靠性高,是最早发展起来的控制策略之一,广泛应用于航空航天、机械自动化、汽车工业等多领域均[7]。Parvez等[8]采用PID控制算法,对车辆主动悬架系统在底盘加速度和振动幅值稳定时间的性能进行了研究,并对弹簧刚度、坝系数等参数的不同组合进行了对比试验,结果表明,相对于被动悬架,主动悬架系统中的车身加速度降低了92.20%,沉降时间减少了30%,平顺性和道路操控性显著提高。詹长书等[9]针对汽车主动悬架PID控制器参数选择问题,设计了粒子群优化算法,优化了PID控制器中的参数。结果表明,与优化前PID控制的主动悬架相比,采用粒子群优化PID控制的汽车主动悬架性能指标明显提升。Ma等[10]针对主动悬架系统设计了PID控制器,并建立了仿真模型图。通过仿真试验证明,设计的PID控制器可以有效增强车辆的舒适性、安全性、通过性,且适用于各种复杂路况,进一步提升了主动悬架的整体性能。
PID控制在主动悬架控制策略中的局限性主要表现在其对复杂工况的适应性不足。车辆行驶过程中面临多种随机干扰,而PID控制策略主要基于线性系统模型设计,对于一些极端复杂的路况(如连续大坑洼、频繁颠簸以及不同路面材质频繁切换等)可能无法精确地调节悬架系统。因此,在主动悬架控制策略中,一般不单独使用PID控制算法,常与其他算法组合使用,从而提高控制性能。
最优控制算法的原理在于依据研究对象、目标参数及最优控制理论,构建系统的数学模型,并据此选出合适的控制律,确保系统在整个运行时域内的特定性能达到最优,从而实现最优控制的目的[11]。将最优控制理论运用于主动悬架系统的主要过程为:首先,将悬架行程、减振器、加速度等参数作为二次型优化指标。其次,应用最优控制理论建立控制模型,明确控制律的加权系数,并根据控制模型计算出最优控制增益矩阵。最后,实现车辆在行驶过程中的最优控制,保证车辆行驶的平顺性、稳定性和舒适度。朱爱鑫等[12]建立了二分之一车辆主动悬架制动模型,以车辆的各项性能指标为约束条件,利用改进的粒子群算法对不同路面等级下的控制器权重系数进行优化。同时,将最优控制与轴距预瞄控制相结合,基于线性系统二次型最优控制理论,设计了制动工况下包含预瞄信息的主动悬架变权重线性二次高斯控制器(Linear Quadratic Gaussian,LQG)。仿真结果证明,相比于被动悬架,含预瞄信息的变权重LQG控制和无预瞄信息的变权重LQG控制车身垂直加速度均方根分别优化51.2%、43.9%,车身俯仰角加速度均方根分别优化42.7%、18.0%,提升了车辆舒适性,整体振幅显著降低。Qin等[13]依据最优控制理论建立了主动悬架控制系统的数学模型,通过求解控制模型中的Riccati方程,构造了最优控制律,推导了水平路面垂直速度与悬架系统输出之间的传递函数。研究了车辆平顺性的3个典型参数:车身垂直加速度、悬架系统动态挠度和轮胎动态变形。并以四分之一车辆模型为例进行了仿真研究,结果表明研究提出的最优控制模型适用于主动悬架系统。
最优控制策略的局限性表现在对精确数学模型的依赖性,以及控制增益矩阵需针对特定路面条件进行设计,导致在路面状况变化时,系统的控制性能与稳定性可能下降。
独立主动悬架构建模型的控制律基于固定模型设计,搭载独立主动悬架的车辆若在行驶中遭遇的复杂路况,悬架参数将发生动态变化。为了实现增强控制效果和稳定性,需运用自适应控制理念设计控制律[14]。自适应控制可在参数变化或不确定性的情况下自主调整控制参数,可适用于复杂系统。Guo等[15]提出了一种基于故障参数在线估计的非线性容错控制策略,通过在自适应反演方法中引入对数型障碍Lyapunov函数,以防止全状态约束的违反,并在鲁棒控制框架下处理车身测速误差和外界干扰问题。仿真结果表明,尽管研究过程中存在多个执行器故障、速度测量误差和外部干扰,但该方法仍具有一定有效性和优越性。Nichielea等[16]提出了四分之一汽车主动悬架的自适应谐波控制方案。该方案中控制器根据加速度反馈产生变幅变频的谐波控制信号。通过MATLAB/Simulink对得到的模型进行仿真,并将提出的方案与多种控制方案进行比较。对比分析结果表明,所提出的控制方案在某些情况下比其他控制算法更具优势。Deng等[17]针对未知刚度和道路输入的四分之一汽车主动悬架系统,提出了一种事件触发自适应最优控制策略。事件触发机制可应用于传感器至控制器(Sensor to Controller,SC)通道与控制器至执行器(Controller to Actuator,CA)通道,有效节省通信资源。
然而,自适应控制的局限性表现在其系统设计较为复杂、计算量大且收敛速度较慢,需要较高的系统辨识精度。
建立鲁棒控制模型时,需兼顾控制对象参数的各种不确定因素,运用科学的数学模型来设计控制律。目前,国内外关于鲁棒控制的典型算法大多数基于H控制理论和μ理论。H控制策略利用Hardy空间理论,通过优化控制对象的无穷范数来构建控制器模型,以增强系统对干扰的抑制能力及整体控制性能[18]μ控制理论将输入、输出、传递函数和摄动等线性关联重构,并在设计控制器时隔离所有摄动,达到预期抗干扰的目的[19]。相对于最优控制相而言,鲁棒控制可以有效处理被控对象的不确定性,可以有效提升系统稳定性。郭庚鑫等[20]针对三轴重型特种车辆,建立了9自由度主动悬架模型,设计了H2/H鲁棒控制器,计算得到了全状态最优控制律。试验结果表明,其在时域、频域范围内均具有良好的性能,左前轮胎动载荷的最大值降低了23.5%。寇发荣等[21]设计了一种线性变参数(Linear Parameter Varying,LPV) μ综合鲁棒控制器,构建了七自由度悬架系统的非线性LPV模型,对悬架参数不确定性和系统建模误差进行分析,并考虑传感器测量噪声的影响,设计了一种基于非线性和混合不确定性的LPV-μ综合鲁棒控制器。试验结果表明,LPV-μ综合控制下车身垂向加速度、俯仰角加速度和侧倾角加速度均方根值分别降低了36.6%、30.14%和39.47%,并且保证悬架动挠度小于0.06 m。Du等[22]针对4自由度半车悬架模型,提出了一种考虑输入时滞的H状态反馈控制器算法,结果表明,即使车辆悬架的输入参数存在时滞效应,其控制器仍然能够保证车辆稳定行驶,同时让车轮具有理想的附着力。
鲁棒控制的局限性表现在其设计过程复杂、需全状态反馈、涉及复杂优化且对系统模型具有依赖性,限制了其在实际工程中的广泛应用。
模糊控制算法是一种基于模糊逻辑的控制方法,其不依赖于精确的数学模型,而是利用人类的经验和知识设计控制器。在车辆主动悬架系统中,模糊控制通过对悬架输入变量的模糊化处理、模糊规则的建立、模糊推理以及去模糊化等过程,生成控制信号以调节悬架的特性[23]。薛文平等[24]针对四分之一车主动悬架系统,提出了一种基于遗传算法的变论域模糊PID控制方法,并在建立主动悬架系统模型的基础上,引入变论域思想设计模糊PID控制器。为进一步改善控制器减振效果,采用遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm,GA)优化变论域中伸缩因子描述函数的参数。研究结果表明,该算法在降低车身垂向加速度、改善乘坐舒适性方面具有显著效果。Ji等[25]针对传统变域模糊PID控制中相关参数固定、难以确定以及不能自适应调整的问题,提出了一种增强型变域模糊PID(Enhanced Variable Universe Fuzzy PID,EVUFP)控制,以提高车辆的平顺性。在传统变域模糊PID控制的基础上,构造自适应扩展因子控制器,实时自适应确定和调整扩展因子参数,然后利用遗传算法对量化因子和尺度因子参数进行优化,寻求相关参数的最优值。将得到的最优参数代入Simulink模型,实现了EVUFP控制器的设计。仿真试验结果表明,提出的EVUFP控制策略使悬架动挠度、车身加速度、轮胎动载荷的均方根值分别降低了50%、54%和23%,提高了车辆的平顺性。Yin等[26]建立了整车八自由度主动悬架模型,设计了模糊PID控制器,实现了PID控制器参数的自动调节。试验结果表明,模糊PID控制能显著减小悬架体的垂直、俯仰和侧倾振动,同时改变悬架动态偏转和轮胎动载荷,从而提高乘坐舒适性。
模糊控制算法的局限性表现在其依赖于模糊集合和模糊规则的定义,而这些集合和规则通常基于经验和定性知识建立,不同的专家可能会给出不同的规则,并且难以对上述规则进行客观的验证和全局的优化,因此,模糊控制算法常与与其他控制方法结合使用。
滑模控制算法通过设计切换函数,使系统的状态轨迹在有限时间内达到并保持在一个预定的切换面,从而使系统具有良好的动态性能和鲁棒性[27]。钟豪等[28]根据弹簧的非线性特性与弹簧静态特性状态方程,建立了二自由度主动悬架模型,对汽车底盘侧倾度、悬架动挠度进行控制。仿真结果表明,滑模控制算法对悬架系统的控制具有良好效果,验证了弹簧动力学模型的准确性。Li等[29]为了提高汽车的平顺性和行驶稳定性,提出了一种基于增强型非洲秃鹫优化算法(Enhanced African Vulture Optimization Algorithm,EAVOA)的最优滑模控制策略。基于满足Hurwitz稳定性理论的二自由度四分之一车辆悬架模型,设计了最优滑模控制器(Optimal Sliding Mode Controller,OSMC),利用EAVOA算法对滑模曲面的控制系数和控制律参数进行优化,利用EAVOA-OSMC控制策略在MATLAB中构建仿真模型,对采用滑模控制器(Sliding Mode Controller,SMC)控制的悬架进行了全面分析。仿真结果表明,EAVOA-OSMC控制策略优于SMC控制器,在实际应用中具有更好的控制性能。寇发荣等[30]针对不同行驶工况下悬架控制力与实际路面激励反馈的不匹配问题,提出一种主动悬架滑模控制方法,控制模型采用激光雷达、惯性测量单元和GPS等设备,分别对路面进行预瞄,设计了预瞄范围切换的路面激励识别方法。仿真结果表明,直线工况下,预瞄范围切换的主动悬架与预瞄范围固定的主动悬架系统动态性能一致。转向工况下,相比于预瞄范围固定的悬架,切换主动悬架簧载质量加速度均方根值、轮胎动载荷均方根值分别降低了8.42%和8.76%,提升了主动悬架控制的有效性。
滑模控制的局限性表现在虽然其控制器采用了一定措施(如边界层法)抑制抖振,但在实际应用中,切换控制项将导致控制信号高频切换,不仅会引起抖振,还可能对车辆的其他电子系统产生电磁干扰。
Backstepping控制算法是一种递归的设计方法,其将复杂的非线性系统分解为多个子系统,从系统的输出端开始逐步反向设计虚拟控制输入,通过构造合适的Lyapunov函数保证系统稳定性[31]。Backstepping控制算法在非线性系统方面具有显著优越性,因此,其被广泛应用于主动悬架控制。Nurkan等[32]提出了一种汽车主动悬架系统的反步控制设计,采用了七自由度非线性整车模型,在后退控制策略研究中,构建了Lyapunov函数和相关的反馈控制律,确保了系统的稳定性。安润兴等[33]针对四分之一车辆空气悬架模型设计了一种结合预设性能函数与Backstepping方法的车辆高度调节控制器,用于调节车辆高度。该控制器能够确保底盘高度收敛至期望值附近,并将高度跟踪误差限制在性能函数边界内。仿真结果表明,提出的控制器算法能够有效实现设计目标,展现出良好的性能。
Backstepping控制算法的局限性表现在:高度依赖精确的车辆动力学模型(如车身质量、悬架刚度及阻尼系数),缺乏自适应调整机制有效应对各种不确定因素;其设计过程复杂,需逆向逐步分析子系统并构建Lyapunov函数以为保证稳定性。
预测控制算法克服了传统控制方法完全依赖精确数学模型的局限性,其综合考虑了不同路况及外部干扰环境[34]。该算法可以根据建立的离散化预测模型、当前时刻以及过去若干时刻的系统状态信息(如车身位移、速度、加速度等参数)以及控制输入信息,对未来一段时间内系统的状态进行预测。
在预测过程中,充分考虑可能影响悬架系统的因素,并确定一个优化目标函数。该目标函数可以是车身加速度的平方和、悬架动行程的平方和以及控制能量消耗的加权和。根据车辆的不同运行状态和需求,可以调整目标函数中各项的权重。在每个采样时刻,根据预测的未来状态信息,在有限的控制时域内进行优化计算,以确定最优的控制序列。然后只将控制序列中的第一个控制输入作用于系统。在下一个采样时刻,重复上述过程,重新进行预测和优化,从而达到全程优化的效果。此外,预测控制还可以通过传感器实时测量系统的实际状态,与预测模型输出的预测状态进行比较。若实际状态与预测状态存在偏差,则根据偏差信息对预测模型进行校正。Li等[35]针对时滞有限频率约束的不确定主动悬架,提出了一种基于静态输出反馈的鲁棒模糊轴距预估控制算法,建立了考虑时滞、簧载质量变化和轴距预览信息的半车主动悬架系统,仿真结果表明,该算法具有优良性能。冯桂珍等[36]根据车辆纵横向动力学特性与Dugoff轮胎模型,建立了四分之一自由度整车电控空气悬架系统(Electronic Controlled Air Suspension,ECAS)动力学模型,提出模型预测(Model Predictive Control,MPC)主动悬架控制方法。该方法以可测变量作为控制器输入,实现直线及转向行驶工况下的主动控制。仿真试验表明,所采用的分数阶修正模型可以有效地反映ECAS变刚度特性,基于MPC的主动悬架控制策略可以实时调整空气弹簧刚度,控制车身姿态,有效提升电动汽车行驶时的平顺性与稳定性。
预测控制的局限性表现在其预测控制高度依赖于所建立的车辆悬架系统模型和路面模型。若模型不能准确反映实际系统的动态特性,预测结果将产生偏差。同时,随着预测时域的延长,模型的微小误差可能会逐渐积累,对最终的控制效果产生较大影响。
神经网络控制是一种将神经网络技术应用于车辆主动悬架控制过程中的新型技术[37]。在控制过程中,通常先对神经网络的输入层、隐藏层和输出层进行学习训练。输入层收集大量不同工况下车辆悬架系统的数据,包括各种路面状况、不同车速载重情况下的车身姿态、悬架行程、轮胎力等信息。然后,将这些数据应用于训练神经网络。最后,将学习训练后的模型应用于车辆实际行驶过程中,达到主动悬架控制的目的。Ho等[38]针对气动悬架的稳定性控制问题,设计了一种自适应神经网络反步控制方案。应用扩展状态观测器对不确定参数、未建模动力学和外部干扰进行估计。利用径向基函数神经网络(Radial Basis Function Neural Networks,RBFNNS)逼近各种载客的未知质量,并设计了一种具有规定性能函数(Prescribed Performance Function,PPF)的控制方法来保证底盘的垂直位移。研究结果证明,控制算法具有一定效果和实有价值。Zhao等[39]针对四分之一汽车悬架系统,提出了一种基于径向基函数神经网络的自适应PID优化方法,该算法利用径向基函数神经网络获得用于PID控制的比例分量、积分分量和导数分量等参数,试验结果表明该算法具有显著优越性。Hamza等[40]针对救护车悬架避震问题,提出了采用液压缸和比例蝶阀组成的主动悬架神经网络控制系统,控制器的输入是簧载和非簧载质量的加速度,输出是比例阀的开度面积。仿真结果表明,在标准道路随机异常情况下,主动系统可以将患者和底盘的振动降低70%以上。
神经网络控制的局限性表现为其控制模型需要大量高质量的数据完成训练。若存在数据不足、数据噪声、数据分布不均匀的问题,将影响神经网络学习到的模型的准确性。同时,模型训练的计算过程较为复杂,尤其是在处理大规模网络或者复杂的输入数据时,需要大量的计算资源,为主动悬架控制提出了严峻考验。
表1为不同悬架构型及控制策略的对比,可根据不同车型及市场需求,合理选用悬架控制策略,对于全主动悬架控制策略,则适宜采用多种算法融合的控制算法,以达到更加理想的控制效果。
综合当前国内外车辆悬架技术发展概况,以及主动悬架在车辆控制领域中的重要地位,将未来主动悬架技术的发展方向概括为以下4个方面。
随着国家对环保和燃油经济性要求的不断提高,以纯电动汽车为主导的新能源汽车市场份额将逐步扩大。同时,随着人们生活水平的日益提高,对车辆的舒适性、通过性和安全性提出了更高的要求。全主动悬架技术可以满足不同消费群体对车辆优越性能的追求。因此,全主动悬架技术在新能源车辆中的应用得到了众多学者和车企的广泛关注和高度重视。
采取多种技术融合的控制策略算法,可以互相弥补单一控制策略的不足,适应多种复杂控制模型参数及环境道路情况。例如,融合车载激光传感器、超声波传感器、视频摄像头和毫米波雷达等传感器,可以预判前方路况信息。ECU据此进行提前决策,及时向全主动悬架作动器发出控制指令,实时调整车身底盘姿态及悬架软硬度,进一步提高全主动悬架的响应速度和实时性,增强车辆的稳定性、舒适性和通过性。目前,一些新技术和产品已经体现了主动悬架的发展趋势。例如,比亚迪“云辇”智能底盘控制系统即利用激光雷达或双目摄像头识别前方复杂路面信息,预判并主动调整悬架系统状态。
未来,全主动悬架有望与主动制动系统、巡航控制系统等深度集成,共同推动汽车性能的不断改进和提高。例如,当主动制动系统检测到紧急情况需要紧急制动时,主动悬架可以迅速调整刚度和阻尼,为车辆提供有力支撑,减少制动点头现象,提高行驶安全性。在巡航控制过程中,主动悬架可以根据车速和路面状况自动调整高度,降低风阻,提高燃油经济性。此外,与车辆的电子稳定系统集成后,主动悬架可以在车辆出现侧滑或失控趋势时,及时调整悬架参数,恢复车辆的稳定性,进一步提升整车的安全性能。
随着各种现代交通工具及人工智能技术的迅猛发展,全主动悬架技术将与机器人、飞行器、舰船、潜水器等技术深度融合,推出多种功能各异的新概念车辆。与机器人技术深度融合,通过轮足腿关节的变化,更大程度地控制车辆底盘的姿态变化空间及离地间隙,创新推出轮足式特种车辆、全地形越野车以及特种救援车辆等车型,更大程度地适应各种复杂路况。与飞行器技术深度融合,实现车辆在三维空间内行驶,深化创新出在空中会飞、在陆地会跑的特种车辆,缩短行驶距离,跨越各种陆地交通障碍。与舰船、潜水器技术深度融合,实现水陆两栖特种车辆,甚至综合飞行器技术,创新研制出在水、陆、空均可以行驶的多功能特种车辆,应对各种复杂交通环境。以上多功能新概念车辆,将在全主动悬架技术上不断创新突破,为未来的出行方式带来更多的可能性和便利性。
本文深入分析并阐明了车辆全主动悬架的工作原理,及其在车辆行驶中的功能应用,归纳了车辆全主动悬架的控制策略及其应用,提出了各种控制策略的主要优点及不足,对主动悬架今后的发展方向,进行了深入的分析与展望,为车辆全主动悬架技术的深入发展和广泛应用提供了重要参考和遵循。主动悬架技术在提升车辆操控性、安全性和舒适性等方面具有显著优势,其未来的应用会更加广泛,相关技术也将不断进步和完善。随着科技的不断创新,未来的车辆主动悬架将为人们带来更加卓越的驾乘体验。
  • *石家庄市智能网联汽车导航定位技术创新中心项目(SJZKJJ20230719)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
KIM Y, KIM M W, et al. Meta-heuristic Optimization-Based Robust [Formula Omitted] Controller Design for Active Suspension Systems Subject to Actuator Saturation[J]. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 2024(105): 523-537.
[2]
JIANG K Y, et al. Hybrid Damping Control of Magnetorheological Semi-Active Suspension Based on Feedback Linearization Kalman Observer[J]. Meccanica, 2024, 59(7): 1087-1102.
[3]
POUSSOT-VASSAL C, SPELTA C, SENAME OZ, et al. Survey and Performance Evaluation on Some Automotive Semi-Active Suspension Control Methods: A Comparative Study on a Single-Corner Model[J]. Annual Reviews in Control, 2012, 36(3): 148-160.
[4]
潘公宇, 范菲阳, 冯鑫. 基于主动悬架的整车车身姿态控制策略研究[J]. 电子测量技术, 2024, 47(2): 79-88.
[5]
李韶华, 季广港, 等. 车辆主动悬架自适应变论域T-S模糊控制研究[J]. 振动、测试与诊断, 2024, 44(4): 733-828.
[6]
AELA A M, KENNE J P, MINTSA H A. Adaptive Neural Network and Nonlinear Electrohydraulic Active Suspension Control System[J]. Journal of Vibration and Control. 2022, 28(3/4): 243-25.
[7]
李勇恒, 刘航, 胡言章, 等. 采煤机搬运车悬挂系统智能控制与调平策略研究[J]. 机床与液压, 2024, 52(15): 95-101.
[8]
PARVEZ Y, CHAUHAN N R, SRIVASTAVA M. Vibration Control and Comparative Analysis of Passive and Active Suspension Systems Using PID Controller with Particle Swarm Optimization[J]. Journal of the Institution of Engineers (India): Series C, 2024: 1-19.
[9]
詹长书, 苏立庆. 基于粒子群优化的主动悬架PID控制策略[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2022, 22(10): 4180-4186.
[10]
MA S, LI Y, TONG S. Research on Control Strategy of Seven-DOF Vehicle Active Suspension System Based on Co-simulation[J]. Measurement and Control, 2023, 56(7-8): 1251-1260.
[11]
HAN F, PENG W. Optimal Control of Autonomous Vehicle Path Tracking Based on Whale Optimization Algorithm[J]. Journal of Vibroengineering, 2024, 26(4): 936-947.
[12]
朱爱鑫, 袁春元, 陶振兴. 制动工况下含预瞄信息的主动悬架变权重LQG控制[J]. 噪声与振动控制, 2024, 44(4): 211-277.
[13]
QIN Y F, HUA J, GENG L W. Research on Optimal Control and Simulation for Active Suspension Systems[J]. Applied Mechanics&Materials, 2013(340): 631-635.
[14]
YOON D S, CHOI S B. Adaptive Control for Suspension System of In-Wheel Motor Vehicle with Magnetorheological Damper[J]. Machines, 2024, 12(7): 433-433.
[15]
GUO X, WANG J, SUN W. Nonlinear Adaptive Fault-Tolerant Control for Full-Car Active Suspension with Velocity Measurement Errors and Full-State Constraints[J]. Journal of the Franklin Institute, 2024, 361(10): 106845.
[16]
NICHIELEA T C, UNGURITU M G. Design and Comparisons of Adaptive Harmonic Control for a Quarter-Car Active Suspension[J]. Journal of Automobile Engineering, 2022, 236(2-3): 343-352.
[17]
DENG Y, GONG M, NI T. Double-Channel Event-Triggered Adaptive Optimal Control of Active Suspension Systems[J]. Nonlinear Dynamics, 2022, 108(4): 3435-3448.
[18]
ZHOU K. Comparison between H2 and H Controllers[J]. Automatic Control IEEE Transactions on, 1992, 37(8): 1261-1265.
[19]
王雄. 横向主动避撞系统摄动模型及μ综合鲁棒控制研究[D]. 镇江市: 江苏大学, 2017.
[20]
郭庚鑫, 王帅, 李阁强, 等. 基于遗传算法的重型特种车辆主动悬架H2/H控制研究[J]. 河南科技学院学报(自然科学版), 2024, 52(2): 65-75.
[21]
寇发荣, 李荣霖, 杨旭东, 等. 电磁阀半主动悬架线性变参数μ综合鲁棒控制[J]. 振动与冲击, 2024, 43(8): 221-286.
[22]
DU H, ZHANG N. Constrained H Control of Active Suspension for a Half-car Model with a Time Delay in Control[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part D Journal of Automobile Engineering, 2008, 222(5): 665-684.
[23]
杨惠. 基于模糊 PID 的车辆半主动悬架系统研究[J]. 现代信息科技, 2019, 14(3): 114-116.
[24]
薛文平, 张春玲. 基于遗传算法的汽车主动悬架变论域模糊PID控制[J]. 江苏大学学报(自然科学版), 2024, 45(1): 8-15.
[25]
JI G G, ZHANG L D, SHAN M Y, et al. Enhanced Variable Universe Fuzzy PID Control of the Active Suspension Based on Expansion Factor Parameters Adaption and Genetic Algorithm[J]. Engineering Research Express, 2023, 5(3): 35007.
[26]
YIN Z, SU R, MA X. Dynamic Responses of 8-DoF Vehicle with Active Suspension: Fuzzy-PID Control[J]. World Electric Vehicle Journal, 2023, 14(9): 249.
[27]
COLLADO GONZALEZ I, et al. Adaptive Sliding Mode Control with Nonlinear MPC-Based Obstacle Avoidance Using LiDAR for an Autonomous Surface Vehicle Under Disturbances[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2024, 311(2): 118998.
[28]
钟豪. 汽车悬架系统非线性滑模控制研究[J]. 内燃机与配件, 2024, (15): 22-24.
[29]
LI Y, FANG Z, ZHU K, et al. Sliding Mode Control for Semi-Active Suspension System Based on Enhanced African Vultures Optimization Algorithm[J]. World Electric Vehicle Journal, 2024, 15 (8): 380-380.
[30]
寇发荣, 陈奕晓, 张新乾, 等. 基于路面激励预瞄范围切换的主动悬架滑模控制[J]. 振动与冲击, 2024, 43(13): 237-247.
[31]
KANELLAKOPOULOS I, KOKOTOVIC P V, MORSE A S. Systematic Design of Adaptive Controllers for Feedback Linearizable Systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 2002, 36(11):1241-1253.
[32]
NURKAN Y, HACIOGLU Y. Backstepping Control of a Vehicle with Active Suspen sions[J]. Control Engineering Practice, 2008, 16(12): 1457-1467.
[33]
安润兴, 王百键, 唐传茵, 等. 空气悬架高度调节预设性能Backstepping控制[J]. 控制工程, 2023(9): 1-9.
[34]
CHANGOSKI V, VASILEVA A, DANEV D, et al. Implementing Model Predictive Control (MPC) in Steer-by-Wire Systems for Future Automated Vehicles[J]. Materials Science and Engineering, 2024, 1311(1): 12024.
[35]
LI W, XIE Z, ZHAO J, et al. Static-Output-Feedback Based Robust Fuzzy Wheelbase Preview Control for Uncertain Active Suspensions with Time Delay and Finite Frequency Constraint[J]. IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica, 2020(99): 1-15.
[36]
冯桂珍, 赵东鹏, 李韶华. 基于分数阶的空气弹簧建模及电动汽车主动悬架控制研究[J]. 汽车工程, 2024, 46(7): 1282-1301.
[37]
段捷, 陈禧龙, 杨宏杰, 等. 基于RBF神经网络的油气悬架平顺性研究[J]. 装备环境工程, 2024, 21 (3):113-120.
[38]
MINH C H, KWAN K A. Extended State Observer-based Adaptive Neural Networks Backstepping Control for Pneumatic Active Suspension with Prescribed Performance Constraint[J]. Applied Sciences, 2023, 13(3): 1705-1705.
[39]
ZHAO W, GU L. Adaptive PID Controller for Active Suspension Using Radial Basis Function Neural Networks[J]. Actuators, 2023, 12(12): 437.
[40]
HAMZA A, YAHIA N B. Artificial Neural Networks Controller of Active Suspension for Ambulance Based on ISO Standards[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, 2023, 237 (1): 34-47.
2025年第卷第7期
PDF下载
428
180
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20240275
  • 首发时间:2025-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-07-05
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
基金
*石家庄市智能网联汽车导航定位技术创新中心项目(SJZKJJ20230719)
作者信息
    1 河北工业职业技术大学汽车工程学院,石家庄 050091
    2 陆军航空兵学院,北京 101123

通讯作者:

杨腾越(2004—),本科在读,主要从事装备自动化技术研究。
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcwz/CN/10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20240275
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏