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Article(id=1214559255898800662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, issueId=1214559252459471301, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20220216, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1767503092026, onlineDateStr=2026-01-04, pubDate=1677945600000, pubDateStr=2023-03-05, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1767503092026, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-04, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1767503092026, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767503092026, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1214559252459471301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, year='2023', volume='', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='62', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1767503091205, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767503453621, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1214560772592681117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, issueId=1214559252459471301, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1214560772592681118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, issueId=1214559252459471301, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=10, endPage=14, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1214559256238539301, articleId=1214559255898800662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, language=EN, title=Research on the Determination Method of Evaporator Protection Temperatures of Passenger Cars with Fixed Displacement Compressor, columnId=1214559253193474503, journalTitle=Automotive Digest, columnName=Selected Papers of Test Assessement 2022 for Product Branch of China-SAE, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Vehicles with fixed displacement compressors appear frost on the evaporator surface in a hot and humid environment, which affects driving comfort seriously. Starting from this practical problem, this paper aims to formulate a test method for the determination of the protection temperature of the evaporator with a fixed displacement compressor. 5 major evaluation items are formulated from the development perspective of vehicle air conditioning system. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is applied to establish an evaluation index system for the determination of the evaporator protection temperature and the evaluation criteria are established. The feasibility and effectiveness of this model is verified by typical cases, finally the method for determining the evaporator protection temperature of a passenger car with compressor provides an important reference for the selection of the best evaporator protection temperature range and the development of an efficient air conditioning system.

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使用定排量压缩机的车辆在高温湿热的环境中会出现蒸发器表面结霜现象，严重影响驾乘舒适性。为解决此问题，制定了定排量压缩机蒸发器保护温度确定方法，从整车空调系统开发角度制定了5个评价项目，应用层次分析法（AHP）建立了蒸发器保护温度确定试验的评价指标体系，并对各项目制定了评价标准，最后运用典型案例验证了模型的可行性和有效性。该乘用车压缩机蒸发器保护温度确定方法，为最佳蒸发器保护温度区间的选择以及开发高效空调系统提供了重要参考。

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孙晓玲，硕士，就职于中国第一汽车股份有限公司研发总院，研究方向为整车空调性能研发。E-mail:

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孙晓玲，硕士，就职于中国第一汽车股份有限公司研发总院，研究方向为整车空调性能研发。E-mail:

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孙晓玲，硕士，就职于中国第一汽车股份有限公司研发总院，研究方向为整车空调性能研发。E-mail:

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Energy Procedia, 2012, 30(12): 542-550., articleTitle=Performance Evaluation of a Liquid Desiccant Solar Air Conditioning System, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1214589698660549565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214559255898800662, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=2, pageStart=67, pageEnd=69, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=鲍建名, journalName=汽车电器, refType=null, unstructuredReference=鲍建名. 商务车空调系统结霜问题研究[J]. 汽车电器, 2019(2): 67-69., articleTitle=商务车空调系统结霜问题研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1214589698723464127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214559255898800662, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=刘占峰, 宋立, 赵丹平, journalName=汽车空调, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘占峰, 宋立, 赵丹平. 汽车空调[M]. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 2011., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1214589698794767297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214559255898800662, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=40, issue=8, pageStart=989, pageEnd=996, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=俞彬彬, 朱建民, 王丹东, journalName=汽车工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=俞彬彬, 朱建民, 王丹东, 等. 基于蒸发温度的汽车空调蒸发器除霜判定方法研究[J]. 汽车工程, 2018, 40(8): 989-996., articleTitle=基于蒸发温度的汽车空调蒸发器除霜判定方法研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1214589698887041987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214559255898800662, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=YU X, LI W, WANG Z, journalName=Proceedings of 19th Asia Pacific Automotive Engineering Conference, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YU X, LI W, WANG Z, et al. Research on Performance Evaluation of Car Air Conditioning Systems[C]// Proceedings of 19th Asia Pacific Automotive Engineering Conference, 2017., articleTitle=Research on Performance Evaluation of Car Air Conditioning Systems, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1214589698970928069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214559255898800662, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=29, issue=5, pageStart=625, pageEnd=628, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=张志强, 徐斌, 何勇灵, journalName=兵工学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张志强, 徐斌, 何勇灵. 基于AHP评价方法的发动机性能评价[J]. 兵工学报, 2008, 29(5): 625-628., articleTitle=基于AHP评价方法的发动机性能评价, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1214589699033842631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214559255898800662, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=null, issue=13, pageStart=80, pageEnd=82, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=邵全, 肖洋, 周霞, journalName=数学的实践与认识, refType=null, unstructuredReference=邵全, 肖洋, 周霞. 区间数的弱属性层次分析方法及其应用[J]. 数学的实践与认识, 2015(13): 80-82., articleTitle=区间数的弱属性层次分析方法及其应用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1214589699105145801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214559255898800662, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=null, issue=3, pageStart=30, pageEnd=33, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=倪计民, 单炯毅, 叶淑英, journalName=汽车技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=倪计民, 单炯毅, 叶淑英. 轻型车动力总成综合性能评价体系的构建[J]. 汽车技术, 2006(3): 30-33., articleTitle=轻型车动力总成综合性能评价体系的构建, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1214589690171278014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214559255898800662, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1214589690175472319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214559255898800662, companyId=1214589690171278014, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Global R&D Center, China FAW Corporation Limited, Changchun 130013), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1214589690188055232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214559255898800662, companyId=1214589690171278014, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国第一汽车股份有限公司研发总院， 长春 130013)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1214589693971317564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214559255898800662, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=4OqDcEDYEST2Xlm2lN5blg==, figureFileBig=mLwYLNJM18IvnQaMXvBgsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1214589694059397950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214559255898800662, language=CN, label=图1, caption=蒸发器保护温度确定试验评价指标体系, figureFileSmall=4OqDcEDYEST2Xlm2lN5blg==, figureFileBig=mLwYLNJM18IvnQaMXvBgsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1214589694143284035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214559255898800662, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
阶段名称 气象条件 数值 车辆状态 时间/min
预热
阶段1		 风速/km·h-1
环境温度/℃
相对湿度/%
辐射强度/W·m-2		 30
38
50
0		 车门全开；
可开启的车窗全开		 30
预热
阶段2		 风速/km·h-1
环境温度/℃
相对湿度/%
辐射强度/W·m-2		 10
38
50
1 000		 车门全关；
可开启的车窗全开		 30
升温
阶段		 风速/km·h-1
环境温度/℃
相对湿度/%
辐射强度/W·m-2		 10
38
50
1 000		 车门全关；
车窗全关		 60
), ArticleFig(id=1214589694218781510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214559255898800662, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

预热升温阶段

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
阶段名称 气象条件 数值 车辆状态 时间/min
预热
阶段1		 风速/km·h-1
环境温度/℃
相对湿度/%
辐射强度/W·m-2		 30
38
50
0		 车门全开；
可开启的车窗全开		 30
预热
阶段2		 风速/km·h-1
环境温度/℃
相对湿度/%
辐射强度/W·m-2		 10
38
50
1 000		 车门全关；
可开启的车窗全开		 30
升温
阶段		 风速/km·h-1
环境温度/℃
相对湿度/%
辐射强度/W·m-2		 10
38
50
1 000		 车门全关；
车窗全关		 60
), ArticleFig(id=1214589694298473290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214559255898800662, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况参数 工况1 工况2
试验车速/km·h-1 40 60
试验时间/min 45 20
), ArticleFig(id=1214589694365582157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214559255898800662, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

试验工况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况参数 工况1 工况2
试验车速/km·h-1 40 60
试验时间/min 45 20
), ArticleFig(id=1214589694449468242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214559255898800662, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验仪器
和设备		 规格型号 生产企业 精度
高温环境仓 南京久鼎 ±1 ℃
底盘测功机 M4072 Burke E.Porter ±1%
阳光模拟系统 HDIN 8×2.5 24FL4K0 Mitronic ±10%
温度传感器 T型热电偶 美国OMEGA 0.75%
数据采集仪 IPETRONIK 德国IPETRONIK 0.05%
), ArticleFig(id=1214589694529160023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214559255898800662, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

试验仪器和设备精度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验仪器
和设备		 规格型号 生产企业 精度
高温环境仓 南京久鼎 ±1 ℃
底盘测功机 M4072 Burke E.Porter ±1%
阳光模拟系统 HDIN 8×2.5 24FL4K0 Mitronic ±10%
温度传感器 T型热电偶 美国OMEGA 0.75%
数据采集仪 IPETRONIK 德国IPETRONIK 0.05%
), ArticleFig(id=1214589694613046106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214559255898800662, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
U U1 U2 U3 U4 U5 W
U1 1 9/7 1 9/8 9/10 0.209 3
U2 7/9 1 7/9 7/8 7/10 0.162 8
U3 1 9/7 1 9/8 9/10 0.209 3
U4 8/9 8/7 8/9 1 4/5 0.186 0
U5 10/9 10/7 10/9 5/4 1 0.232 6
), ArticleFig(id=1214589694696932191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214559255898800662, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

目标层对各一级指标之间判断矩阵及计算结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
U U1 U2 U3 U4 U5 W
U1 1 9/7 1 9/8 9/10 0.209 3
U2 7/9 1 7/9 7/8 7/10 0.162 8
U3 1 9/7 1 9/8 9/10 0.209 3
U4 8/9 8/7 8/9 1 4/5 0.186 0
U5 10/9 10/7 10/9 5/4 1 0.232 6
), ArticleFig(id=1214589694780818274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214559255898800662, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
U1 U11 U12 W
U11 1 3/2 0.6
U12 2/3 1 0.4
), ArticleFig(id=1214589694877287267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214559255898800662, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

因素U1对U11和U12的判断矩阵及计算结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
U1 U11 U12 W
U11 1 3/2 0.6
U12 2/3 1 0.4
), ArticleFig(id=1214589694973756258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214559255898800662, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
U2 U21 U22 W
U21 1 3/2 0.6
U22 2/3 1 0.4
), ArticleFig(id=1214589695049253734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214559255898800662, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

因素U2对U21和U22的判断矩阵及计算结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
U2 U21 U22 W
U21 1 3/2 0.6
U22 2/3 1 0.4
), ArticleFig(id=1214589695137334122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214559255898800662, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
U1 U31 U32 W
U31 1 3/2 0.6
U32 2/3 1 0.4
), ArticleFig(id=1214589695208637294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214559255898800662, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

因素U3对U31和U32的判断矩阵及计算结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
U1 U31 U32 W
U31 1 3/2 0.6
U32 2/3 1 0.4
), ArticleFig(id=1214589695288329074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214559255898800662, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
U1 U41 U42 W
U41 1 3/2 0.6
U42 2/3 1 0.4
), ArticleFig(id=1214589695355437942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214559255898800662, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

因素U4对U41和U42的判断矩阵及计算结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
U1 U41 U42 W
U41 1 3/2 0.6
U42 2/3 1 0.4
), ArticleFig(id=1214589695426741115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214559255898800662, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
U5 U51 U52 U53 U54 U55 W
U51 1 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/3 0.1
U52 2 1 1 1 2/3 0.2
U53 2 1 1 1 2/3 0.2
U54 2 1 1 1 2/3 0.2
U55 3 3/2 3/2 3/2 1 0.3
), ArticleFig(id=1214589695506432894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214559255898800662, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

因素U5对U51和U52、U53、U54和U55的判断矩阵及计算结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
U5 U51 U52 U53 U54 U55 W
U51 1 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/3 0.1
U52 2 1 1 1 2/3 0.2
U53 2 1 1 1 2/3 0.2
U54 2 1 1 1 2/3 0.2
U55 3 3/2 3/2 3/2 1 0.3
), ArticleFig(id=1214589696764724100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214559255898800662, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
一级指标 权重 二级指标 权重
压缩机通断
频率		 0.209 3 40 km/h工况 0.600 0
60 km/h工况 0.400 0
吹面出风口
平均温度		 0.162 8 40 km/h工况 0.600 0
60 km/h工况 0.400 0
头部平均温度波动 0.209 3 40 km/h工况 0.600 0
60 km/h工况 0.400 0
吹面出风口
平均温度波动		 0.186 0 40 km/h工况 0.600 0
60 km/h工况 0.400 0
主观评价 0.232 6 降温速率 0.1
头部温度是否舒适 0.2
温度分布均匀性是否舒适 0.2
气流速度均匀性是否舒适 0.2
压缩机启停噪声大小是否接受 0.3
), ArticleFig(id=1214589696852804487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214559255898800662, language=CN, label=表10, caption=

保护温度确定试验评价指标及评价权重

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一级指标 权重 二级指标 权重
压缩机通断
频率		 0.209 3 40 km/h工况 0.600 0
60 km/h工况 0.400 0
吹面出风口
平均温度		 0.162 8 40 km/h工况 0.600 0
60 km/h工况 0.400 0
头部平均温度波动 0.209 3 40 km/h工况 0.600 0
60 km/h工况 0.400 0
吹面出风口
平均温度波动		 0.186 0 40 km/h工况 0.600 0
60 km/h工况 0.400 0
主观评价 0.232 6 降温速率 0.1
头部温度是否舒适 0.2
温度分布均匀性是否舒适 0.2
气流速度均匀性是否舒适 0.2
压缩机启停噪声大小是否接受 0.3
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评分/分 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
压缩机通断频率/次·min-1 <2.5 <2.0 <1.0 <0.5
出风口平均
温度/℃		 <12 <10 <8 <6
头部平均温度
波动/℃		 <4 <3 <2 <1
出风口平均温度波动/℃ <9 <6 <4 <2
主观评价 很不满意 不满意 不太满意 接受 较满意 满意 很满意
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评价项目打分标准

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评分/分 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
压缩机通断频率/次·min-1 <2.5 <2.0 <1.0 <0.5
出风口平均
温度/℃		 <12 <10 <8 <6
头部平均温度
波动/℃		 <4 <3 <2 <1
出风口平均温度波动/℃ <9 <6 <4 <2
主观评价 很不满意 不满意 不太满意 接受 较满意 满意 很满意
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评价项目 评价结果/分
蒸发器保护温度1~4 ℃ 蒸发器保护温度1~8 ℃ 蒸发器保护温度
1~12 ℃
压缩机通断频率 3.7 5.0 5.3
吹面出风口平均温度 7.4 6.7 5.6
头部平均温度波动 7.3 6.6 5.8
吹面出风口平均温度波动 6.7 5.1 2.5
主观评价/分 6.8 7.0 6.1
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样车1评价项目评价结果

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评价项目 评价结果/分
蒸发器保护温度1~4 ℃ 蒸发器保护温度1~8 ℃ 蒸发器保护温度
1~12 ℃
压缩机通断频率 3.7 5.0 5.3
吹面出风口平均温度 7.4 6.7 5.6
头部平均温度波动 7.3 6.6 5.8
吹面出风口平均温度波动 6.7 5.1 2.5
主观评价/分 6.8 7.0 6.1
), ArticleFig(id=1214589697351926683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214559255898800662, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价项目 评价结果/分
蒸发器保护温度
0~3 ℃		 蒸发器保护温度
1~3 ℃		 蒸发器保护温度
2~4 ℃
压缩机通断频率 5.4 4.2 3.6
吹面出风口平均温度 3.5 7.3 6.9
头部平均温度波动 7.1 6.6 6.2
吹面出风口平均温度
波动		 6.2 5.7 5.5
主观评价/分 6.0 7.2 7.0
), ArticleFig(id=1214589697435812766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214559255898800662, language=CN, label=表13, caption=

样车2评价项目评价结果

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评价项目 评价结果/分
蒸发器保护温度
0~3 ℃		 蒸发器保护温度
1~3 ℃		 蒸发器保护温度
2~4 ℃
压缩机通断频率 5.4 4.2 3.6
吹面出风口平均温度 3.5 7.3 6.9
头部平均温度波动 7.1 6.6 6.2
吹面出风口平均温度
波动		 6.2 5.7 5.5
主观评价/分 6.0 7.2 7.0
), ArticleFig(id=1214589697532281761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214559255898800662, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
蒸发器保护温度/℃ 综合性能评价/分
1~4 6.33
1~8 6.09
1~12 5.12
), ArticleFig(id=1214589697632945061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189645257101713411, articleId=1214559255898800662, language=CN, label=表14, caption=

样车1综合评价结果

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蒸发器保护温度/℃ 综合性能评价/分
1~4 6.33
1~8 6.09
1~12 5.12
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蒸发器保护温度/℃ 综合性能评价/分
0~3 5.74
1~3 6.18
2~4 5.83
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样车2综合评价结果

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蒸发器保护温度/℃ 综合性能评价/分
0~3 5.74
1~3 6.18
2~4 5.83
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乘用车定排量空调系统蒸发器保护温度确定方法研究
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孙晓玲 , 李伟 , 王洋 , 王卓 , 余达淇 , 李保权
汽车文摘 | 中国汽车工程学会汽车产品分会2022年试验评价年会优秀论文选登 2023,(3): 10-14
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汽车文摘 | 中国汽车工程学会汽车产品分会2022年试验评价年会优秀论文选登 2023, (3): 10-14
乘用车定排量空调系统蒸发器保护温度确定方法研究
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孙晓玲 , 李伟, 王洋, 王卓, 余达淇, 李保权
作者信息
  • 中国第一汽车股份有限公司研发总院， 长春 130013

    • 孙晓玲，硕士，就职于中国第一汽车股份有限公司研发总院，研究方向为整车空调性能研发。E-mail:

Research on the Determination Method of Evaporator Protection Temperatures of Passenger Cars with Fixed Displacement Compressor
Xiaoling Sun , Wei Li, Yang Wang, Zhuo Wang, Daqi Yu, Baoquan Li
Affiliations
  • Global R&D Center, China FAW Corporation Limited, Changchun 130013
出版时间: 2023-03-05 doi: 10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20220216
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摘要
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使用定排量压缩机的车辆在高温湿热的环境中会出现蒸发器表面结霜现象，严重影响驾乘舒适性。为解决此问题，制定了定排量压缩机蒸发器保护温度确定方法，从整车空调系统开发角度制定了5个评价项目，应用层次分析法（AHP）建立了蒸发器保护温度确定试验的评价指标体系，并对各项目制定了评价标准，最后运用典型案例验证了模型的可行性和有效性。该乘用车压缩机蒸发器保护温度确定方法，为最佳蒸发器保护温度区间的选择以及开发高效空调系统提供了重要参考。

定排量压缩机  /  蒸发器  /  保护温度  /  评价项目  /  AHP

Vehicles with fixed displacement compressors appear frost on the evaporator surface in a hot and humid environment, which affects driving comfort seriously. Starting from this practical problem, this paper aims to formulate a test method for the determination of the protection temperature of the evaporator with a fixed displacement compressor. 5 major evaluation items are formulated from the development perspective of vehicle air conditioning system. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is applied to establish an evaluation index system for the determination of the evaporator protection temperature and the evaluation criteria are established. The feasibility and effectiveness of this model is verified by typical cases, finally the method for determining the evaporator protection temperature of a passenger car with compressor provides an important reference for the selection of the best evaporator protection temperature range and the development of an efficient air conditioning system.

Fixed displacement compressor  /  Evaporator  /  Protection temperature  /  Evaluation item  /  AHP
孙晓玲, 李伟, 王洋, 王卓, 余达淇, 李保权. 乘用车定排量空调系统蒸发器保护温度确定方法研究. 汽车文摘, 2023 , (3) : 10 -14 . DOI: 10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20220216
Xiaoling Sun, Wei Li, Yang Wang, Zhuo Wang, Daqi Yu, Baoquan Li. Research on the Determination Method of Evaporator Protection Temperatures of Passenger Cars with Fixed Displacement Compressor[J]. Automotive Digest, 2023 , (3) : 10 -14 . DOI: 10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20220216
正文
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1 前言
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随着社会进步和汽车科技快速发展，人们对汽车驾乘舒适性的要求越来越高。特别在一些高温湿热的环境中，空调系统必须保持高效运行，提供足够的冷气来维持汽车座舱合适的温度和湿度，以保证良好驾乘体验。
在高温、高湿气候和高负荷车辆运行工况下，在定排量压缩机的空调系统使用过程中，当蒸发器表面温度低于湿空气的露点温度且小于0 ℃时，流经蒸发器表面空气中的水蒸气会冷凝，形成霜并附着在换热器和翅片上，随着空调系统持续运行，霜层不断生长、变厚。疏松多孔的霜层阻碍了蒸发器换热表面和空气接触，一方面增加了附加的传热热阻，降低了空气侧换热系数，另一方面减少了空气的接触面积，增加了空气流动阻力，降低了空气流量。上述2方面降低了蒸发器表面的传热速度，阻碍了空调系统正常运行，空调系统的异常运行反过来又增加了蒸发器表面的结霜速度，引起空调系统的制冷量急剧下降，此时必须采取有效措施，对蒸发器进行周期性除霜工作[1-3]。目前，在汽车空调上一般通过设置合理的蒸发器保护温度区间，通过暂停压缩机运行的方法来解决上述问题。当蒸发器温度低于预定区间下限值时，压缩机停止运行，等待蒸发器温度上升到预定区间上限值时再重新启动压缩机。因此，制冷循环暂停的这段时间内无法向驾乘舱提供冷气，座舱内温度会逐渐升高，而且周期性开启暂停制冷循环会使头部温度以及出风口温度有大幅波动，压缩机频繁启停也会产生一定的噪音，严重影响驾乘体验[4-5]。因此，蒸发器保护温度区间的选择尤为重要。
然而在实际使用中，如何确定定排量空调系统蒸发器保护温度并没有系统性的方法。本文制定了定排量压缩机蒸发器保护温度确定试验的实车试验方法，应用层次分析法（Analytic Hierarchy Process，AHP），研究对蒸发器保护温度区间选择影响较大的5个评价项目在评价中所占权重，构建了定排量压缩机蒸发器保护温度确定试验的评价指标体系，制定各项目的评价标准，并通过实际项目开发中的典型实车案例验证此模型的可行性和有效性。
2 保护温度确定试验
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2.1 试验方法
试验在含有阳光模拟系统的高温环境仓中进行，试验开始之前按表1进行预热升温处理。其中预热过程分为2个阶段，升温过程包括1个阶段，具体见表1。
按表2所述试验工况进行试验，启动数据采集系统，通过传感器对各吹面出风口温度、座舱内人员头部温度、压缩机高低压力数值进行采集，同时邀请2名具有空调评价相关经验的专业人员进入座舱，对试验过程空调系统相关性能进行主观评价。
2.2 试验仪器和设备
本文试验仪器和设备采用美国宝克、德国IPETRONIK公司生产的产品，拥有较高的仪器设备精度和稳定度，极大地保证了试验结果的准确性和一致性，仪器和设备精度如表3所示。
3 评价指标体系建立
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3.1 评价指标选取
建立科学合理的评价指标体系是定排量压缩机蒸发器保护温度确定方法的核心，依据国内研究成果[5-11]和定排量压缩机蒸发器保护温度确定试验结果的归纳分析情况，选取压缩机通断频率、吹面出风口平均温度、头部平均温度波动、吹面出风口平均温度波动和主观评价5个便于量化考核，且对乘用车定排量压缩机蒸发器保护温度的选择（目标层）影响较大的性能指标（一级指标）及相应指标（二级指标）作为评价指标。
3.2 评价指标体系
基于上述影响乘用车定排量压缩机蒸发器保护温度选择的5个评价指标的研究情况，应用AHP构建定排量压缩机蒸发器保护温度确定试验的评价指标体系，如图1所示。由图1可以看出，定排量压缩机蒸发器保护温度确定试验的评价体系中包含5个一级指标，涵盖影响空调蒸发器保护温度选择的主要方面；将影响5个一级指标的13个二级指标因素进行分解、细化和延伸，使指标体系的层次更清晰，具有一定的可操作性[12]。
4 评价指标权重的确定
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4.1 层次分析法（AHP）
AHP是一种定性和定量相结合、系统化、层次化的分析方法，这种方法为多目标、多准则或无结构特性的复杂决策问题提供科学的决策方法。根据建立的定排量压缩机蒸发器保护温度确定试验的评价指标体系，采用专家评估和AHP确定各特征参数的权重。根据评分标准，针对各级评价指标U1，U2，…，Ui和U11，U12，…，Uij构造判断矩阵R[13-15]。
R=(rij)
式中，rij表示第i个指标相对于第j个指标的相对重要度，rij=1，${r}_{ij}=\frac{1}{{r}_{ji}}$，（i、j=1，2，…，n）。
对判断矩阵进行一致性检验:
${C}_{I}=\frac{{\lambda }_{max}-n}{n-1}$
${C}_{R}=\frac{{C}_{I}}{{R}_{I}}$
式中，CI为偏差一致性指标；${\lambda }_{max}$为R的最大特征根；CR为随机一致性指标；RI为判断一致性指标。
当CR<0.1时，表明判断矩阵R满足蒸发器保护温度确定试验评价要求；当CR≥0.1时，应该对判断矩阵进行适当修正。采用方根法计算各级指标权重值，得到权重值向量$W={\left({W}_{1},{W}_{2}\bullet \bullet \bullet {W}_{n}\right)}^{T}$。
4.2 确定试验评价体系指标权重分配
为建立评价权重，根据建立的评价体系制成相对应的AHP权重调查表，分发给从事整车空调系统性能评价的10位专业人员进行打分，要求专业人员根据自己对评价指标的理解，独立打出比较分值，并进行统计。根据AHP原理进行分析计算，得到目标层对各一级指标之间的判断矩阵（表4），并计算得到每个判断矩阵的特征向量W、最大特征值${\lambda }_{max}$和CR。
根据表4目标层对各一级指标的判断矩阵数据，经计算可知，${\lambda }_{max}$=5，CR=0<0.1，满足一致性要求。各一级指标对二级指标影响因素之间的判断矩阵及计算结果如表5~表9所示。
由表5经计算可知，${\lambda }_{max}$=2，CR=0<0.1，满足一致性要求。由表6经计算可知，${\lambda }_{max}$=2，CR=0<0.1，满足一致性要求。由表7经计算可知，${\lambda }_{max}$=2，CR=0<0.1，满足一致性要求。由表8经计算可知，${\lambda }_{max}$=2，CR=0<0.1，满足一致性要求。由表9经计算可知，${\lambda }_{max}$=5，CR=0<0.1，满足一致性要求。
通过对上述结果进行汇总，最终得到乘用车定排量压缩机蒸发器保护温度确定试验的评价指标权重，如表10所示。
5 评价标准制定
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定排量压缩机蒸发器保护温度确定试验的评价指标体系已经制定，各评价指标的权重也通过AHP确定。最终需要采取打分加权的方式，对不同蒸发器保护温度确定试验的各项指标进行评价。根据乘用车定排量压缩机蒸发器保护温度确定试验的相关试验数据库，以及专业评价人员经验，针对各评价项目（一级指标）制定了打分标准，通过主观评价与客观试验相结合方式，按照表11进行打分。
表11中对压缩机通断频率、吹面出风口平均温度、头部平均温度波动和吹面出风口平均温度波动4个项目，通过客观试验数据测量得出性能结果。通过对多台装有定排量压缩机车辆的蒸发器保护温度确定试验的数据进行统计分析后，将各评价项目客观测量的性能结果与主观评价打分表中各分值进行了对应，解决了主、客观评价分值统一问题。
6 典型案例验证
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以某2款装有定排量压缩机B级轿车的蒸发器保护温度确定试验为例，对蒸发器保护温度选择过程中各评价项目的客观试验结果和主观评价结果，运用本文建立的乘用车定排量压缩机蒸发器保护温度确定试验的评价指标体系进行对应评价，最终获得2款车型评价项目的评价结果，如表12、表13所示。
根据表12、表13中评价项目的评价结果，结合AHP计算得到的各评价项目的评价权重，采用加权法得到2款试验样车各蒸发器保护温度的综合评价结果，如表14、表15所示。根据综合评价结果，试验样车1、样车2最终分别选择1~4 ℃、1~3 ℃作为蒸发器保护温度的最佳范围。目前试验样车1已上市2年，试验样车2已上市3年，市场信息反馈2款车型整车空调性能较好。
7 结论
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本文从乘用车定排量压缩机蒸发器出现结霜现象这一实际问题出发，对定排量压缩机蒸发器保护温度确定方法进行了系统研究。具体工作主要包括以下3方面：
（1）制定了定排量压缩机蒸发器保护温度确定试验的实车试验方法。
（2）从整车空调系统开发角度制定了5个评价项目，应用AHP建立了蒸发器保护温度确定试验的评价指标体系。
（3）根据试验数据库和专业人员评价经验对各项目制定了详细、科学的评价标准。
在具体车型开发项目中运用了此模型确定蒸发器保护温度区间，评价结果与市场反馈信息能够对应，充分说明了应用此模型进行定排量压缩机蒸发器保护温度选择是可行的。该方法对研究开发高效的乘用车空调系统具有重要意义。
文献
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2023年第卷第3期
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doi: 10.19822/j.cnki.1671-6329.20220216
  • 首发时间：2026-01-04
  • 出版时间：2023-03-05
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    中国第一汽车股份有限公司研发总院， 长春 130013
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多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
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小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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