Article(id=1204388205337486088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, issueId=1204391519030587609, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19620/j.cnki.1000-3703.20230237, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=1682352000000, revisedDateStr=2023-04-25, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1765078124602, onlineDateStr=2025-12-07, pubDate=1703347200000, pubDateStr=2023-12-24, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765078124602, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-07, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765078124602, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765078124602, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1204391519030587609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, year='2023', volume='', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='59', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1765078914649, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765079351864, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1204393352914514422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, issueId=1204391519030587609, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1204393352914514423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, issueId=1204391519030587609, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=47, endPage=53, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1204388206331536142, articleId=1204388205337486088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, language=EN, title=Model Predictive Control of Electric Vehicle Operating Stability Based on Phase Plane, columnId=null, journalTitle=Automobile Technology, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To improve the handling stability of distributed drive electric vehicles, this paper proposed an integrated control strategy for active front wheel steering and direct yaw torque based on model predictive control and phase plane method. The strategy consists of a vehicle stability judgment module based on the centroid sideslip angle phase plane, a stability controller based on improved model predictive control and a torque divider. Through the evaluation of vehicle stability on the phase plane, the vehicle stability formula was introduced into the objective function design of the model predictive controller, the active angle and additional yaw moment of the decision were adjusted. Considering vehicle stability and dynamics, a torque synthesis optimization allocation method based on phase plane was designed to allocate torque. Simulation under low adhesion and double lane shifting conditions shows that the control strategy improves the handling stability of the vehicle under medium and low adhesion conditions.

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为提高分布式驱动电动汽车的操纵稳定性,基于模型预测控制和相平面法提出一种主动前轮转向与直接横摆力矩的集成控制策略。该策略由基于质心侧偏角相平面的车辆稳定性判断模块、基于改进模型预测控制的稳定性控制器和转矩分配器组成。通过相平面对车辆稳定性进行评价,将车辆稳定程度公式引入模型预测控制器的目标函数设计中,调整决策的主动转角和附加横摆力矩大小。考虑车辆稳定性和动力性,设计了基于相平面的转矩综合优化分配方法对力矩进行分配。在低附双移线工况下进行仿真,综合分析表明,该控制策略改善了车辆在中、低路面附着系数条件下的操纵稳定性。

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参数 取值
整车质量m/kg 1 390
转动惯量Iz/kg·m2 1 536.7
前轴到质心距离a/m 1.220
后轴到质心距离b/m 1.360
前轮侧偏刚度k1/N·rad-1 -56 864
后轮侧偏刚度k2/N·rad-1 -56 864
车轮有效半径Reff/m 0.325
轮距B/m 1.640
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车辆关键参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 取值
整车质量m/kg 1 390
转动惯量Iz/kg·m2 1 536.7
前轴到质心距离a/m 1.220
后轴到质心距离b/m 1.360
前轮侧偏刚度k1/N·rad-1 -56 864
后轮侧偏刚度k2/N·rad-1 -56 864
车轮有效半径Reff/m 0.325
轮距B/m 1.640
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基于相平面的电动汽车操稳性模型预测控制*
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黄开启 , 温书诚
汽车技术 | 2023,(12): 47-53
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汽车技术 | 2023, (12): 47-53
基于相平面的电动汽车操稳性模型预测控制*
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黄开启, 温书诚
作者信息
  • 江西理工大学 机电工程学院,赣州 341000
Model Predictive Control of Electric Vehicle Operating Stability Based on Phase Plane
Kaiqi Huang, Shucheng Wen
Affiliations
  • College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000
出版时间: 2023-12-24 doi: 10.19620/j.cnki.1000-3703.20230237
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为提高分布式驱动电动汽车的操纵稳定性,基于模型预测控制和相平面法提出一种主动前轮转向与直接横摆力矩的集成控制策略。该策略由基于质心侧偏角相平面的车辆稳定性判断模块、基于改进模型预测控制的稳定性控制器和转矩分配器组成。通过相平面对车辆稳定性进行评价,将车辆稳定程度公式引入模型预测控制器的目标函数设计中,调整决策的主动转角和附加横摆力矩大小。考虑车辆稳定性和动力性,设计了基于相平面的转矩综合优化分配方法对力矩进行分配。在低附双移线工况下进行仿真,综合分析表明,该控制策略改善了车辆在中、低路面附着系数条件下的操纵稳定性。

相平面  /  操纵稳定性  /  模型预测控制  /  转矩分配

To improve the handling stability of distributed drive electric vehicles, this paper proposed an integrated control strategy for active front wheel steering and direct yaw torque based on model predictive control and phase plane method. The strategy consists of a vehicle stability judgment module based on the centroid sideslip angle phase plane, a stability controller based on improved model predictive control and a torque divider. Through the evaluation of vehicle stability on the phase plane, the vehicle stability formula was introduced into the objective function design of the model predictive controller, the active angle and additional yaw moment of the decision were adjusted. Considering vehicle stability and dynamics, a torque synthesis optimization allocation method based on phase plane was designed to allocate torque. Simulation under low adhesion and double lane shifting conditions shows that the control strategy improves the handling stability of the vehicle under medium and low adhesion conditions.

Phase plane  /  Handling stability  /  Model predictive control  /  Torque distribution
黄开启, 温书诚. 基于相平面的电动汽车操稳性模型预测控制*. 汽车技术, 2023 , (12) : 47 -53 . DOI: 10.19620/j.cnki.1000-3703.20230237
Kaiqi Huang, Shucheng Wen. Model Predictive Control of Electric Vehicle Operating Stability Based on Phase Plane[J]. Automobile Technology, 2023 , (12) : 47 -53 . DOI: 10.19620/j.cnki.1000-3703.20230237
分布式驱动电动汽车以其传动效率高、电机响应快及四轮转矩独立、可控等优点,在车辆结构和操纵稳定性控制等方面具有极大优势,引起了国内外众多学者的重视[1-3]。近年来,汽车底盘控制系统发展迅速,如主动前轮转向(Active Front Steering,AFS)系统和直接横摆力矩控制(Direct Yaw-moment Control,DYC)系统,旨在提高驾驶员舒适度和车辆横向稳定性[4]。AFS系统能在不干预驾驶员转向输入的情况下,修正前轮转角提高车辆操纵稳定性。目前大多数研究通过自抗扰控制[5]、滑模控制[6]、鲁棒控制[7]、模型预测控制(Model Predictive Control,MPC)[8]等控制策略设计AFS系统。其中,李绍松等[9]通过考虑轮胎非线性特性,对线性时变模型预测控制进行改进,改善了AFS系统在极限工况下对车辆稳定性的控制效果。然而当车辆处于极限转向工况或低附着系数路面行驶时,轮胎侧向力达到饱和,AFS系统的控制效能会受到极大影响。
与AFS系统不同,DYC系统通过对轮胎纵向力进行控制,进而提高车辆的操纵稳定性。Wang等[10]基于线性二次调节器实现了车辆直接横摆力矩控制,并通过在传统线性二次型调节器的反馈中增加额外控制项,提出了增益调度鲁棒线性二次调节器来保证控制器的鲁棒性。Nahidi等[11]基于线性时变模型预测控制设计了横纵向车辆DYC控制器,该方法在低速工况下表现良好,但高速工况下无法保证控制性能。
上述研究在设计单独的控制系统时取得了成功,但是学者普遍认为集成AFS系统和DYC系统能够更好地改善车辆的操纵稳定性[12]。Song等[13]提出了基于MPC的主动转向系统与直接横摆力矩系统的集成控制器,提高了车辆横向稳定性,但因该控制器只能输出固定的主动转角和附加横摆力矩,在低附着系数路面的表现并不理想。基于此,本研究提出基于MPC的AFS系统与DYC系统的集成控制器,引入质心侧偏角相平面作为车辆稳定性判据,对控制器输出的主动转角和附加横摆力矩大小进行调整,同时根据车辆稳定程度,设计综合转矩优化分配算法对四轮转矩进行分配,进而实现车辆操纵稳定性控制。
为了减少控制器计算量,提高算法实时性,对车辆动力学模型进行简化。同时根据分布式驱动电动汽车的特点,考虑转矩分配对纵向车速的影响,采用二自由度车辆模型,如图1所示。
由牛顿定律建立车辆侧向和横摆运动的方程:
F y f + F y r = m v x ( β ˙ + ω )
a F y f - b F y r + Δ M z = I z ω ˙
式中,Fyf为车辆前轴侧向力;Fyr为车辆后轴侧向力;m为车辆质量;vxωβ为车辆纵向速度、横摆角速度和质心侧偏角;ab为车辆前、后轴至车辆质心的距离;Iz为车辆绕轴的转动惯量;ΔMz为依赖车轮纵向力的附加横摆力矩。
假设路面附着系数为μ,当车辆前轮转角较小且质心处侧向加速度小于0.5 μg时,可认为轮胎侧向力与轮胎侧偏角和轮胎侧偏刚度之间存在如下所示的线性关系:
F y f = k 1 α 1 = k 1 β + a ω v x - δ f
F y r = k 2 α 2 = k 2 β - b ω v x
式中,k1k2分别为前、后车轮的侧偏刚度;α1α2分别为前、后车轮的侧偏角;δf为车辆前轮转角。
将式(3)、式(4)带入式(1)、(2)中整理可得:
( k 1 + k 2 ) β m v x + 1 m v x 2 ( a k 1 - b k 2 ) ω - ω - k 1 m v x δ f = β ˙
( a k 1 - b k 2 ) β I z + 1 I z v x a 2 k 1 + b 2 k 2 ω - a k 1 I z δ f + Δ M z I z = ω ˙
质心侧偏角-横摆角速度相平面和质心侧偏角-质心侧偏角速度相平面通常用于分析和判断车辆稳定性。但在车辆失稳的情况下,后者具有更高的判定精度。因此,本文采用质心侧偏角-质心侧偏角速度相平面对车辆稳定性进行分析。
在相平面的稳定区域内,从任意出发点出发的相轨迹都收敛于零点,使车辆能恢复到稳定。考虑车速和路面附着系数对质心侧偏角相平面稳定区域的影响,刘伟等[14]给出质心侧偏角相平面稳定性区域的确定方法,如公式(7)所示:
β ˙ + E 1 β E 2 E 1 ( μ ) = 15.62 μ 2 - 34.37 μ - 6.719 E 2 ( v x , μ ) = 0.000   234   3 μ 2 v x 2 - 0.000   516 μ v x 2 -                                     0.749   8 μ 2 + 1.650 μ
式中,E1E2为稳定区域边界系数。
图2所示,在相平面中,车辆失稳情况通常发生在第一、三象限,因此在一、三象限内且处于稳定边界外的车辆状态点,需要及时控制。
根据公式,可以判断车辆是否处于稳定区域内,但仍需了解车辆的稳定性程度并进行相应控制,因此,还需结合稳定边界随车速和路面附着系数变化规律计算当前稳定边界范围,即稳定边界到稳定区域中心线的距离Rstb。根据车辆当前质心侧偏角,计算当前状态点在质心侧偏角相平面中的位置,即从当前状态点到稳定区域中心线的距离Rc。然后根据式(8)计算车辆稳定性程度。
R s t b = E 2 E 1 2 + 1 R c = β c + E 1 β c E 1 2 + 1
选取车辆质心侧偏角β和横摆角速度ω为状态变量,车辆前轮转角δf和附加横摆力矩ΔMz为控制变量,质心侧偏角β和横摆角速度ω为输出变量,结合二自由度车辆模型式(5)、式(6),将模型写为状态空间方程的形式:
x = A c x + B c u
其中,状态向量 x = β   ω T A c = k 1 + k 2 m v x a k 1 - b k 2 m v x 2 - 1 a k 1 - b k 2 I z a 2 k 1 + b 2 k 2 I z v x B c = - k 1 m v x 0 - a k 1 I z 1 I z u = δ f Δ M z
模型预测控制算法需对连续系统方程离散化,使用欧拉方法对上述状态空间方程进行离散化处理:
x ( k + 1 ) = A x (k) + B u (k)
其中, A = I + A c T s B = B c T sTs为仿真步长,Ts=0.01。
为保证车辆状态变化平稳,需要将控制变量转变为控制增量,可得:
x ( k + 1 ) u (k) = A B 0 I x (k) u ( k - 1 ) + B I Δ u (k)
x (k) = x (k) u ( k - 1 ),可得新的状态空间方程:
x ˜ ( k + 1 ) = A ˜ x ˜ (k) + B Δ u (k) y (k) = C x (k)
式(12)中, y (k) = β   ω T C = 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
MPC控制器通过迭代方程以预测系统未来的输出(假设控制时域与预测时域相等为N):
Y (k) = Ω x ˜ (k) + Θ Δ u (k)
式中, Y (k) = y ( k + 1 ) y ( k + 2 ) y ( k + N ) Ω = C A ˜ C A ˜ 2 C A ˜ N Θ = C B ˜ 0 0 0 C A ˜ B ˜ C B ˜ 0 0 C A ˜ 2 B ˜ C A ˜ B ˜ C B ˜ 0 C A ˜ N - 1 B ˜ C A ˜ N - 2 B ˜ C A ˜ N - 3 B ˜ C B ˜ Δ U (k) = Δ u (k) Δ u ( k + 1 ) Δ U ( k + N - 1 )
MPC控制器目标函数的设计目的是在预测时域内使状态量与期望值的误差最小,同时最小化控制器的输出。与传统MPC目标函数不同,本文将表示车辆稳定性的质心侧偏角相平面稳定域公式加入目标函数设计当中,根据车辆实时稳定程度计算该部分权重,考虑系统对目标函数的约束,得到如公式(14)所示的MPC目标函数:
J = j = 1 N y d e s ( k + j ) - y ( k + j ) T Q y d e s ( k + j ) - y ( k + j ) +             j = 0 N - 1 Δ u ( k + j ) T R Δ u ( k + j ) +             j = 0 N - 1 R c ( k + j ) T P R c ( k + j ) + ρ ε 2     = Y d e s (k) - Y (k) Q M P C 2 + Δ U (k) R M P C 2 +           R c (k) P M P C 2 + ρ ε 2
式中, P = η R c 2η为增益系数,取正值,以保证目标函数的渐近稳定性。期望向量 y d e s (k) = β d e s ω d e s T Y d e s (k) = y d e s (k) y d e s (k) y d e s (k) 1 × N T
其中,状态向量的权重 Q = d i a g q β q ω;输出的权重 R = d i a g r δ r Δ M Q M P C = Q 0 0 Q N × N R M P C = R 0 0 R N × N P M P C = P 0 0 P N × N
在目标函数(14)中,第一项表示控制器输出实际质心侧偏角和横摆角速度与其理想值的误差,保证控制精度;第二项表示控制增量大小,防止前轮转角变化过大;第三项表示在质心侧偏角相平面中,车辆当前状态点离稳定域中心的距离,防止车辆状态偏离相平面稳定域;第四项为松弛因子,保证该问题有解。
横摆角速度的期望值如式(15)所示:
ω d e s = s g n ( δ f ) m i n ( ω m a x , ω s )
其中, ω s = v x / L 1 + K v x 2 δ f ω m a x = μ g v x K = m L 2 a k 2 - b k 1
期望质心侧偏角如式所示:
β d e s = b / L + m a v x 2 / ( L 2 k 2 ) 1 + K v x 2 δ f
为保证车辆始终安全运行,对控制变量、控制增量和输出变量进行约束,其理论表达式如下所示:
u m i n (k) u (k) u m a x (k)
Δ u m i n (k) Δ u (k) Δ u m a x
y m i n y (k) y m a x
根据预测方程、目标函数以及上述约束可得MPC优化问题。在Matlab中,采用Fmincon函数对MPC优化问题进行求解。
MPC控制器可以得到车辆稳定性控制所需要的附加横摆力矩,因此,需通过4个车轮的转矩进行分配以形成直接横摆力矩。本文通过计算期望纵向速度vxdes与实际纵向速度vx的差值,采用比例积分微分控制(Proportional Integral Derivative,PID)方法计算得到车辆需要的总纵向力Fxd,表达式如式(20)所示:
F x d = k p e (t) + 1 T 1 0 t e (t) d t + T D d e (t) d t
式中,kp为比例系数;TI为积分时间常数;TD为微分时间常数;e(t)为vxdesvx的差值。
Fxd分配给4个车轮以产生所需横摆力矩。因此,根据力平衡及力矩平衡等式约束,得到如下方程:
F x f l 0 + F x f r 0 + F x r l 0 + F x r r 0 = F x d B ( - F x f l 0 + F x f r 0 - F x r l 0 + F x r r 0 ) 2 = M z
式中,Fxfl0Fxfr0Fxrl0Fxrr0表示4个轮胎力沿x轴的合力;B表示轮距;Mz为期望直接横摆力矩。
计算4个轮胎力沿车辆坐标系纵向合力:
F x f l 0 = F x f l c o s δ f - F y f l s i n δ f F x f r 0 = F x f r c o s δ f - F y f r s i n δ f F x r l 0 = F x r l F x r r 0 = F x r r
式中,FxflFxfrFxrlFxrr表示各轮胎纵向力。
除了需要满足上述等式约束,轮胎纵向力还需满足路面附着条件的不等式约束:
- A x i F x i A x i
式中, A x i = μ 2 F z i 2 - F y i 2 , i = f l , f r , r l , r r F z i F y i 分别代表轮胎垂向载荷和侧向力。
纵向力的分配主要有2种分配原则:稳定性分配和动力性分配。根据Mokhiamar等[15]提出的将轮胎利用率平方和作为优化目标的方法进行稳定性分配,其目标函数如下所示:
m i n J 1 = 1 4 F x i 2 ( μ F z i ) ,   i = f l , f r , r l , r r
综合式(21)~(24),采用拉格朗日乘子法求解轮胎纵向力分配优化问题:
F x f l 1 = H μ 2 F z f l 2 μ 2 F z f l 2 + μ 2 F z r l 2 + F y f l s i n δ f / c o s δ f F x f r 1 = S μ 2 F z f r 2 μ 2 F z f r 2 + μ 2 F z r r 2 + F y f r s i n δ f / c o s δ f F x r l 1 = H μ 2 F z r l 2 μ 2 F z f l 2 + μ 2 F z r l 2 F x r r 1 = S μ 2 F z r r 2 μ 2 F z f r 2 + μ 2 F z r r 2
式中, H = ( F x d - 2 Δ M z / B ) / 2 S = ( F x d + 2 Δ M z / B ) / 2
纵向力动力性分配需要考虑轮胎的滑移率,较小的滑移率有利于提高车辆行驶的动力性,因此,按照动力性分配原则的目标函数如下:
m i n J 2 = 1 4 ( F x i λ i ) 2 ( F x d λ m a x ) 2 ,   i = f l , f r , r l , r r
式中,λi为轮胎滑移率;λmax为轮胎稳定状态的滑移率最大值。
同样通过拉格朗日乘子法,得到动力性分配优化结果:
F x f l 2 = H - H λ f l 2 ( λ f l 2 + λ r l 2 ) c o s δ f + F y f l s i n δ f / c o s δ f F x f r 2 = S - S λ f r 2 ( λ f r 2 + λ r r 2 ) c o s δ f + F y f r s i n δ f / c o s δ f F x r l 2 = H λ f l 2 ( λ f l 2 + λ r l 2 ) c o s δ f F x r r 2 = S λ f r 2 ( λ f r 2 + λ r r 2 ) c o s δ f
本文结合稳定性分配和动力性分配2种方法设计综合转矩优化分配方法,并根据车辆在质心侧偏角相平面中的稳定程度确定二者在综合优化分配中的权重。若车辆稳定程度高,则动力性分配权重高;若车辆稳定程度低,则稳定性分配权重高,分配方法如下所示:
m i n J = r m i n J 1 + ( 1 - r ) m i n J 2
其中r和(1-r)分别为稳定性分配和动力性分配的权重系数,r可以由式(29)确定:
r = R c R s t b   R c < R s t b 1           R c R s t b
由式(25)~(29)得到综合优化分配结果:
F x f l = r F x f l 1 + ( 1 - r ) F x f l 2 F x f r = r F x f r 1 + ( 1 - r ) F x f r 2 F x r l = r F x r l 1 + ( 1 - r ) F x r l 2 F x r r = r F x r r 1 + ( 1 - r ) F x r r 2
因分布式驱动电动汽车施加给车轮的是转矩,因此由式(31)将轮胎纵向力转化为转矩:
T i = F x i R e f f
式中,Ti为电机转矩;Reff为车轮有效半径。
本文所设计的集成控制策略框架如图3所示。车辆模型将车辆纵向速度、质心侧偏角等状态量传递给相平面稳定性判断模块、纵向力PID控制器和MPC稳定性控制器。相平面稳定性判断模块通过实时车辆状态计算出车辆稳定程度并发送给MPC稳定性控制器及转矩分配器。MPC控制器结合车辆状态参数及相平面输出的车辆稳定程度参数计算出主动前轮转角和期望附加横摆力矩,并将转角信号直接输送给车辆模型,将力矩信号输送给转矩分配器。转矩分配器接收力矩信号,结合PID控制器输出的纵向力、车辆模型输出的轮胎力以及相平面输出的稳定程度对力矩进行综合优化分配,将转矩分配到4个车轮。
搭建Carsim与Matlab/Simulink联合仿真环境,采用车辆在实际运行中容易失稳的低附双移线工况,对基于相平面的AFS和DYC模型预测控制算法进行验证。在Carsim中选择C级车作为仿真车辆,车辆关键参数如表1所示。
为了验证本文提出的MPC控制器以及综合转矩分配算法的性能,设置2个对照组。将本文所设计的控制策略标记为控制器A,对照组一的上层控制器为不考虑相平面的传统MPC控制器,下层转矩分配采用本文所设计的综合转矩优化分配,标记为控制器B;对照组二的上层控制器同为不考虑相平面的传统MPC控制器,下层采用稳定性分配与动力性分配权重固定相等的综合转矩分配,标记为控制器C。设定车辆以80 km/h的速度在路面附着系数为0.5的双移线道路行驶,其中MPC控制器的控制时域与预测时域均设置为10,仿真结果如图4~图11所示。
图4为控制器A仿真时由质心侧偏角相平面计算得到的Rc值的变化,该值越大,则代表车辆越不稳定。图5~图7给出了3个控制器对理想质心侧偏角和理想横摆角速度的跟踪效果以及质心侧偏角相平面中相轨迹分布。对比控制器B和控制器C,控制器B对质心侧偏角和横摆角速度理想值的跟踪均优于控制器C,这是因为控制器C中稳定性分配与动力性分配的权重固定,而控制器B可对2种分配方法的权重进行调整。但从图7可知,虽控制器B的相轨迹分布略优于控制器C,但二者均有超出相平面稳定边界的情况,车辆存在失稳的可能性。控制器A因采用了改进的MPC稳定性控制器以及综合转矩优化分配算法,其对理想质心侧偏角以及理想横摆角速度的跟踪皆优于控制器B和控制器C,且波动更小,其质心侧偏角极值相较于控制器B减小了25%,相较于控制器C减小了35%,相轨迹始终处于稳定区域内,车辆稳定性较好。从图8可以看出,当车辆处于转向工况时,控制器A可以增大主动前轮转角输出以达到改善车辆操纵稳定性的目的,而控制器B和控制器C因采用传统MPC控制器,通过主动转角改善操稳性的能力有限。从图9~图11可以看出,由于控制器C受滑移率波动的影响,导致转矩分配效果不佳。而控制器A综合了稳定性分配原则与动力性分配原则,削弱滑移率波动对转矩分配影响的同时,提高了车辆稳定性。
本文针对分布式驱动电动汽车在低附着系数路面上的操纵稳定性不佳的问题,提出了基于相平面的AFS和DYC模型预测控制器与综合转矩优化分配算法,联合搭建Carsim与Matlab/Simulink模型进行仿真,得出以下结论:考虑了相平面车辆稳定程度的改进MPC控制器可以根据车辆稳定程度调节主动前轮转角与附加横摆力矩的大小来改善车辆操纵稳定性。当车辆稳定程度较低时,及时增大主动前轮转角及附加横摆力矩输出,使车辆迅速恢复稳定。兼顾了稳定性与动力性,并根据相平面车辆稳定程度调节二者权重的综合转矩优化分配算法可以削弱滑移率波动对转矩分配的影响,同时进一步提高车辆稳定性。
  • * 江西省研究生创新专项资金项目(YC2020-S465)
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2023年第卷第12期
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doi: 10.19620/j.cnki.1000-3703.20230237
  • 首发时间:2025-12-07
  • 出版时间:2023-12-24
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  • 修回日期:2023-04-25
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* 江西省研究生创新专项资金项目(YC2020-S465)
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    江西理工大学 机电工程学院,赣州 341000
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