Article(id=1204386298875326769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, issueId=1204386298124546351, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19620/j.cnki.1000-3703.20230277, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=1683388800000, revisedDateStr=2023-05-07, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1765077670066, onlineDateStr=2025-12-07, pubDate=1700755200000, pubDateStr=2023-11-24, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765077670066, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-07, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765077670066, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765077670066, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1204386298124546351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, year='2023', volume='', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='62', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1765077669888, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765079314030, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1204393194214629961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, issueId=1204386298124546351, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1204393194214629962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, issueId=1204386298124546351, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=34, endPage=40, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1204386299076653363, articleId=1204386298875326769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, language=EN, title=Autonomous Navigation Exploration and Map Construction for Unmanned Vehicles in Unknown Environments, columnId=null, journalTitle=Automobile Technology, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
For the problem that the autonomous navigation exploration algorithm is easy to fall into the local area, this paper proposed an exploration algorithm combining sampling and deep reinforcement learning. First, the Long-Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network was used locally to obtain the historical pose information of the unmanned vehicle to avoid repeated exploration of the explored area; secondly, the optimal action of the deep reinforcement learning strategy was used to output using deep reinforcement learning and the reward function was designed to encourage the unmanned vehicle to fully explore the unknown area; Finally, the horizontal movement factor of the unmanned vehicle was considered to generate a global exploration path conforming to its current attitude by solving the Asymmetric Travel Salesman Problem (ATSP). In the 2 000 s mine tunnel simulation environment, compared with the Technologies for Autonomous Robot Exploration (TARE) algorithm, the proposed algorithm increased the exploration area by 346.3 m2 and reduced the total driving distance by 209.4 m; in the real scene test, the exploration algorithm completed the exploration of the underground garage with an area of 3 444.3 m2 and returned to the starting point in 1 014 s and built the environment map.
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针对自主导航探索算法易陷入局部区域的问题,提出了融合采样与深度强化学习的探索算法。首先,局部采用长短期记忆(LSTM)网络获得无人车历史位姿信息进而避免重复走向已探索区域;其次,利用深度强化学习输出策略最优的动作并设计奖励函数以激励无人车充分探索未知区域;最后,考虑无人车水平移动因素,通过解非对称旅行商问题(ATSP)生成一条符合其当前姿态的全局探索路径。2 000 s矿道仿真环境中,所提出的算法相较于无人机自主探索(TARE)算法,探索面积增加346.3 m2,总行驶距离减少209.4 m;在真实场景试验中,该探索算法用时1 014 s完成面积为3 444.3 m2的地下车库探索返回起点,并完成环境地图构建。
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探索 算法 | 探索 时间/s | 探索 面积/m2 | 行驶 距离/m | 单次 时间/s | 探索效率 /m2·s-1 |
| NBVP | 1 000 | 2 287.9 | 3 026.1 | 7.49 | 2.29 |
| GBP | 1 692.7 | 892.6 | 8.86 | 1.70 |
| TARE | 3 774.0 | 1 689.4 | 1.01 | 3.78 |
| ESDRL | 3 806.9 | 1 532.8 | 1.25 | 3.81 |
| NBVP | 2 000 | 2 921.8 | 7 489.9 | 7.46 | 1.46 |
| GBP | 2 153.1 | 1 856.7 | 8.83 | 1.08 |
| TARE | 5 763.9 | 3 895.6 | 1.12 | 2.88 |
| ESDRL | 6 110.2 | 3 686.2 | 1.28 | 3.06 |
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Gazebo矿道仿真环境下不同算法对比
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探索 算法 | 探索 时间/s | 探索 面积/m2 | 行驶 距离/m | 单次 时间/s | 探索效率 /m2·s-1 |
| NBVP | 1 000 | 2 287.9 | 3 026.1 | 7.49 | 2.29 |
| GBP | 1 692.7 | 892.6 | 8.86 | 1.70 |
| TARE | 3 774.0 | 1 689.4 | 1.01 | 3.78 |
| ESDRL | 3 806.9 | 1 532.8 | 1.25 | 3.81 |
| NBVP | 2 000 | 2 921.8 | 7 489.9 | 7.46 | 1.46 |
| GBP | 2 153.1 | 1 856.7 | 8.83 | 1.08 |
| TARE | 5 763.9 | 3 895.6 | 1.12 | 2.88 |
| ESDRL | 6 110.2 | 3 686.2 | 1.28 | 3.06 |
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