Article(id=1204385396797977358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, issueId=1204385395292218123, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19620/j.cnki.1000-3703.20220442, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=1656950400000, revisedDateStr=2022-07-05, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1765077454995, onlineDateStr=2025-12-07, pubDate=1677168000000, pubDateStr=2023-02-24, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765077454995, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-07, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765077454995, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765077454995, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1204385395292218123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, year='2023', volume='', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='62', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1765077454636, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765079042402, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1204392054924223033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, issueId=1204385395292218123, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1204392054924223034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, issueId=1204385395292218123, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=23, endPage=27, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1204385397058024209, articleId=1204385396797977358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, language=EN, title=Study on Optimization of Small Offset Crash Restraint System and Dummy Evaluation Items of A Vehicle, columnId=null, journalTitle=Automobile Technology, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to improve the occupant protection performance of a vehicle in the frontal 25% offset crash test, the research on the test methods and optimization schemes of the evaluation items of the injury level of the dummy, the restraint system and the motion level of the dummy was carried out. First, an accurate model was established by simulation and benchmarking test. Then, side air curtain was added, the seat belt and ignition time and parameters of airbag were optimized, and the structure of steering column bracket and instrument panel bracket were also optimized. Finally, it was verified by CAE. The results show that the grades of the thighs and hips, legs and feet of the dummy have been improved from Marginal (M) and Poor (P) to Good (G) and Acceptable (A), and the evaluation items of the restraint system and the motion grade of the dummy have been improved from Poor (P) to Good (G). The overall evaluation of small offset crash was improved from Poor (P) to Good (G). The occupant Weighted Injury Criteria (WIC) decreased by 22.97%.

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为提升某车型正面25%偏置碰撞试验乘员保护性能,开展了假人伤害等级评定项、约束系统和假人运动等级评定项试验方法及优化方案研究。首先,通过仿真对标试验的方式建立准确模型;然后,增加侧气帘、优化安全带、安全气囊点火时间及参数、优化转向管柱支架和仪表板支架结构;最后,利用计算机辅助工程(CAE)方法进行了验证,结果表明:假人大腿和髋部、腿部和脚部等级由一般(M)和较差(P)提升到了优秀(G)和良好(A),约束系统和假人运动等级评定项由较差(P)提升为优秀(G);小偏置碰总体评价由较差(P)提升为优秀(G);乘员加权伤害指标(WIC)降低了22.97%。

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身体
部位
参数 试验值 评价等级 仿真值 评价等级
头部和颈部 头部伤害指标HIC15 517 G 343 G
3 ms合成加速度/g 未超过 未超过
颈部损伤基准Nij 0.32 0.58
颈部拉伸力/kN 1.7 2.18
颈部压缩力/kN 0 0.3
胸部 胸部3 ms合成加速度/g 41 G 51 G
胸部肋骨变形/mm 26 26
肋骨压缩速率V/m·s-1 1.2 5.2
粘性指标VC/m·s-1 0.2 0.4
大腿和髋部 膝盖-大腿-臀部伤害风险 14% A ≤15% A
腿部和脚部 膝关节滑动位移/mm 16 M 17 P
胫骨指标(上部、下部) 0.98 2.15
胫骨轴向力/kN 2.1 3.2
脚部最大合成加速度/g 163 195
), ArticleFig(id=1204452615179449322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1204385396797977358, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

假人伤害等级评定

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
身体
部位
参数 试验值 评价等级 仿真值 评价等级
头部和颈部 头部伤害指标HIC15 517 G 343 G
3 ms合成加速度/g 未超过 未超过
颈部损伤基准Nij 0.32 0.58
颈部拉伸力/kN 1.7 2.18
颈部压缩力/kN 0 0.3
胸部 胸部3 ms合成加速度/g 41 G 51 G
胸部肋骨变形/mm 26 26
肋骨压缩速率V/m·s-1 1.2 5.2
粘性指标VC/m·s-1 0.2 0.4
大腿和髋部 膝盖-大腿-臀部伤害风险 14% A ≤15% A
腿部和脚部 膝关节滑动位移/mm 16 M 17 P
胫骨指标(上部、下部) 0.98 2.15
胫骨轴向力/kN 2.1 3.2
脚部最大合成加速度/g 163 195
), ArticleFig(id=1204452615322055671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1204385396797977358, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
伤害值 优化前 优化后 优化比例/%
CHIC36 343 199 41.98
Ccomp/mm 26 33 -26.92
C3 ms/g 51 47 7.84
Fl/kN 7.2 0.8 88.89
Fr/kN 2.5 1.4 44.00
CWIC 0.438 0.338 22.97
), ArticleFig(id=1204452615544352781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1204385396797977358, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

综合损伤指标优化结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
伤害值 优化前 优化后 优化比例/%
CHIC36 343 199 41.98
Ccomp/mm 26 33 -26.92
C3 ms/g 51 47 7.84
Fl/kN 7.2 0.8 88.89
Fr/kN 2.5 1.4 44.00
CWIC 0.438 0.338 22.97
), ArticleFig(id=1204452615712124958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1204385396797977358, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评估项目 仿真对标 仿真优化
车辆结构 10(P) 0(G)
头部和颈部 0(G) 0(G)
胸部 0(G) 0(G)
大腿和髋部 6(M) 0(G)
膝部和腿部 4(P) 2(M)
约束系统和假人运动 6(P) 0(G)
总体评价 仿真对标 仿真优化
总体评价界限值 26(P) 2(G)
), ArticleFig(id=1204452615858925622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1204385396797977358, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

总体评价优化结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评估项目 仿真对标 仿真优化
车辆结构 10(P) 0(G)
头部和颈部 0(G) 0(G)
胸部 0(G) 0(G)
大腿和髋部 6(M) 0(G)
膝部和腿部 4(P) 2(M)
约束系统和假人运动 6(P) 0(G)
总体评价 仿真对标 仿真优化
总体评价界限值 26(P) 2(G)
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某车型小偏置碰撞约束系统及假人评定项优化研究
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毕思刚 , 张悦 , 王建勋 , 刘彦博 , 陈哲
汽车技术 | 2023,(2): 23-27
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汽车技术 | 2023, (2): 23-27
某车型小偏置碰撞约束系统及假人评定项优化研究
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毕思刚, 张悦, 王建勋, 刘彦博, 陈哲
作者信息
  • 一汽奔腾轿车有限公司,长春 130013
Study on Optimization of Small Offset Crash Restraint System and Dummy Evaluation Items of A Vehicle
Sigang Bi, Yue Zhang, Jianxun Wang, Yanbo Liu, Zhe Chen
Affiliations
  • FAW Car Co., Ltd., Changchun 130013
出版时间: 2023-02-24 doi: 10.19620/j.cnki.1000-3703.20220442
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为提升某车型正面25%偏置碰撞试验乘员保护性能,开展了假人伤害等级评定项、约束系统和假人运动等级评定项试验方法及优化方案研究。首先,通过仿真对标试验的方式建立准确模型;然后,增加侧气帘、优化安全带、安全气囊点火时间及参数、优化转向管柱支架和仪表板支架结构;最后,利用计算机辅助工程(CAE)方法进行了验证,结果表明:假人大腿和髋部、腿部和脚部等级由一般(M)和较差(P)提升到了优秀(G)和良好(A),约束系统和假人运动等级评定项由较差(P)提升为优秀(G);小偏置碰总体评价由较差(P)提升为优秀(G);乘员加权伤害指标(WIC)降低了22.97%。

小偏置碰撞  /  约束系统  /  乘员安全  /  侧气帘

In order to improve the occupant protection performance of a vehicle in the frontal 25% offset crash test, the research on the test methods and optimization schemes of the evaluation items of the injury level of the dummy, the restraint system and the motion level of the dummy was carried out. First, an accurate model was established by simulation and benchmarking test. Then, side air curtain was added, the seat belt and ignition time and parameters of airbag were optimized, and the structure of steering column bracket and instrument panel bracket were also optimized. Finally, it was verified by CAE. The results show that the grades of the thighs and hips, legs and feet of the dummy have been improved from Marginal (M) and Poor (P) to Good (G) and Acceptable (A), and the evaluation items of the restraint system and the motion grade of the dummy have been improved from Poor (P) to Good (G). The overall evaluation of small offset crash was improved from Poor (P) to Good (G). The occupant Weighted Injury Criteria (WIC) decreased by 22.97%.

Small offset collision  /  Restraint system  /  Occupant safety  /  Side air curtain
毕思刚, 张悦, 王建勋, 刘彦博, 陈哲. 某车型小偏置碰撞约束系统及假人评定项优化研究. 汽车技术, 2023 , (2) : 23 -27 . DOI: 10.19620/j.cnki.1000-3703.20220442
Sigang Bi, Yue Zhang, Jianxun Wang, Yanbo Liu, Zhe Chen. Study on Optimization of Small Offset Crash Restraint System and Dummy Evaluation Items of A Vehicle[J]. Automobile Technology, 2023 , (2) : 23 -27 . DOI: 10.19620/j.cnki.1000-3703.20220442
在众多交通事故类型中,正面碰撞是发生概率最高的事故类型,且乘员伤亡率也很高[1]。其中,小偏置正面碰撞工况的死亡人数占正面碰撞死亡人数的22%[2]。因此,各国的安全性法规及评价规程纷纷将小偏置正面碰撞作为测试项目纳入评价体系。
2018年,中国保险汽车安全指数(China Insurance Automotive Safety Index,C-IASI)将正面25%偏置碰撞试验(本文简称“小偏置碰”)作为车内乘员安全指数的一个试验工况。正面25%偏置碰撞评价分为车辆结构、假人伤害、约束系统和假人运动3个方面[3]
目前,小偏置碰中车辆结构耐撞性提升[4-8]、乘员伤害等级降低[9-11]、约束系统和假人运动等级优化均是被动安全领域的研究重点。在C-IASI小偏置碰规程中,假人伤害等级按单个身体部位进行评定,没有进行假人整体伤害评定。研究表明,乘员加权伤害指标(Weighted Injury Criterion,WIC)可体现假人整体保护效果[11-12]
本文采用计算机辅助工程(Computer Aided Engineering,CAE)方法开展小偏置碰的假人伤害、约束系统和假人运动对标及优化,研究约束系统和假人运动等级评定项评定方法,并提出优化方案。
某车型正面25%偏置碰撞试验结果为:车辆结构等级评定为较差(P);假人伤害头部和颈部、胸部等级评定为优秀(G),大腿和髋部等级评定为良好(A),腿部和脚部等级评定为一般(M);约束系统和假人运动等级评定为较差(P);总体评价为较差(P)。本文采用仿真与试验对标的方式,优化约束系统,提升假人伤害、约束系统和假人运动等级。
本文采用Hypermesh软件建立碰撞分析模型,计算求解器软件为LS-DYNA。以整车模型的节点位移信息为输入条件进行子结构模型的计算,相关零部件的运动和变形与整车模型的计算结果一致[13]
子结构模型包括假人及约束系统和输入节点位移部件2个部分。假人及约束系统模型主要包括Hybrid Ⅲ型第50百分位假人、乘员舱、座椅、仪表板、转向管柱、转向盘、地毯、安全气囊、安全带等约束系统子模块。输入节点位移部件的节点位移信息从整车模型的计算结果中获得,作为边界条件加载到子结构模型中。
按照C-IASI小偏置碰规程的要求调整座椅位置、转向管柱位置。由下向上调整假人姿态及腰带力,控制假人整体运动响应。根据试验腰带力调整锁扣摩擦因数及固定点位置安全带刚度,根据试验照片及数据调整腿部位置及姿态,根据试验肩带力调整安全带滑环摩擦因数,适当调整安全带、安全气囊、座椅与假人的接触参数。约束系统仿真模型如图1所示。
图2所示为第0 ms、第60 ms与第90 ms时刻的仿真与试验结果对比,由图2可知,仿真与试验的假人动态响应基本一致:头部接触正面气囊并滑过气囊,同时,头部发生偏转。
仿真与试验中假人头部、颈部、胸部及骨盆对应的假人运动曲线基本一致,如图3所示,仿真结果与试验结果在趋势、时域与峰值3个方面的拟合度较好,所建立的约束系统模型可作为后续分析与优化的基础模型。
假人伤害等级评定结果如表1所示:头部和颈部、胸部仿真与试验结果一致,均为优秀(G);大腿和髋部仿真与试验结果一致,均为良好(A);腿部和脚部仿真与试验结果略有差异。
该车型未配备侧气帘,侧面头部保护安全气囊未展开(2个缺陷),从图2假人动态响应可以看出,正面头部保护项为极小的正面安全气囊作用(2个缺陷),同时头部侧向位移过度(1个缺陷),通过测量颈部与座椅距离及安全带腰带伸长量综合判断乘员前倾过度(1个缺陷),约束系统和假人运动等级评定为较差(P)。约束系统和假人运动等级仿真结果与试验结果缺陷项目及数量完全一致。
结合假人伤害等级评定、约束系统和假人运动等级评定结果,对约束系统进行优化,优化措施为:
a. 为消除极小的正面安全气囊作用(2个缺陷)及侧面头部安全气囊未展开(2个缺陷),增加侧气帘,气帘展开后气袋向前至少延伸到转向盘中心在其最前可伸缩位置正交垂直面处;
b. 减小驾驶员髋部向前位移,将安全带预紧时间由41 ms优化为30 ms,安全带肩带力由3.5 kN提升至4.0 kN,从而减小腿部压缩力;
c. 驾驶员气囊的点爆时间由42 ms优化为32 ms,泄气孔直径由27 mm优化为32 mm,以减小头部伤害值;
d. 优化转向管柱支架和仪表板支架结构,如图4所示,缩短支架长度,降低转向管柱及仪表板内部结构对大腿的伤害。
约束系统优化后,假人伤害等级评定:头部和颈部、胸部等级评定为优秀(G),大腿和髋部等级评定为优秀(G),腿部和脚部等级评定为良好(A),假人伤害等级评定的4项均处于良好以上。头部加速度、颈部拉伸力、胸部压缩量、腿部压缩力优化结果如图5所示。
图5中可以看出头部加速度改善,颈部拉伸力峰值由2 110 N优化为271 N。假人腿部保护是业界难题[10],本文将受伤最严重的左腿的轴向力由8 450 N优化为819 N,同时右腿轴向力优化为1 250 N,C-IASI小偏置碰规程腿部评价项优秀评价阈值为4 000 N,证明优化后本车型在此碰撞工况下,可以保护乘员腿部安全。
假人伤害等级评定无法衡量假人整体保护效果,研究表明,WIC可作为衡量假人总体伤害的标准[11-12]
C W I C = 0.53 C H I C 36 1   000 + 0.13 N i j + 0.27 2 C 3   m s 60 + C c o m p 63 +                       0.07 2 F l 10 + F r 10
式中,CHIC36为头部损伤指标;C3 msCcomp分别为胸部的3 ms合成加速度与压缩量;FlFr分别为左、右腿轴向力。
优化效果如表2所示。
优化后缺陷由6个优化为1个,约束系统和假人运动等级由较差(P)优化至优秀(G),存在1个缺陷,即乘员前倾过度,可通过增加安全带端片预紧的方法进一步优化,考虑已达成目标优秀(G),综合目标与成本,因此本优化方案未增加此装备。
通过以上优化方案,提升了车辆对假人大腿和髋部、腿部和脚部保护能力,将约束系统和假人运动等级评定项由较差(P)提升为优秀(G)。小偏置碰总体评价由较差(P)提升为优秀(G),如表3所示。
本文以某车型正面25%偏置碰撞试验结果为基础,对标得到准确的仿真模型。通过约束系统仿真分析及采用优化方案,将假人头部和颈部、大腿和髋部、膝部和腿部等级进行了提升,将约束系统和假人运动等级评定项由较差(P)提升为优秀(G)。小偏置碰总体评价由较差(P)提升为优秀(G)。乘员加权伤害指标降低22.97%。
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2023年第卷第2期
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doi: 10.19620/j.cnki.1000-3703.20220442
  • 首发时间:2025-12-07
  • 出版时间:2023-02-24
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    一汽奔腾轿车有限公司,长春 130013
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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