Article(id=1197531585361789110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, issueId=1197531583394660523, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19620/j.cnki.1000-3703.20240313, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=1716998400000, revisedDateStr=2024-05-30, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763443379011, onlineDateStr=2025-11-18, pubDate=1737648000000, pubDateStr=2025-01-24, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763443379011, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763443379011, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763443379011, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1197531583394660523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, year='2025', volume='', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='62', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763443378542, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763444098182, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1197534601838117839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, issueId=1197531583394660523, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1197534601838117840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, issueId=1197531583394660523, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=33, endPage=40, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1197531585550532791, articleId=1197531585361789110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, language=EN, title=Research on Block Error Rate of Vehicle Visible Light Line of Sight Communication System, columnId=1200008579492184946, journalTitle=Automobile Technology, columnName=Special Topic on Braking Energy Recovery Strategies for New Energy Vehicles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to improve the quality and reliability of in-vehicle communication, in-vehicle visible light communication technology is introduced by analyzing the influence of infrastructure-vehicle channel transmission model and road infrastructure parameters. Based on the line-of-sight channel between the infrastructure and the vehicle, a model is established to analyze the communication loss during signal transmission. Closed-form analytical equation of the system performance are derived by using the line-of-sight communication Bit Error Rate (BER), downtime probability, and the Block Error Rate (BLER). The effect of the composite pointing error on BER, downtime probability, and BLER of the line-of-sight communication system is analyzed. The experimental results show that: under the no-fading and line-of-sight transmission conditions, increase the height of the street light reduces the BER, while increasing the communication link distance increases the BER; raising the downtime threshold reduces the downtime probability of the line-of-sight link; increasing in the number of transmitted bit blocks helps to improve the performance of BLER; when the number of BER blocks is increased, the system’s BLER decreases rapidly; after considering the pointing errors, BER, downtime probability and BLER all increase, which indicates that pointing error has a debilitating effect on the system communication.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Mingbo Niu, Jian Yang, Xiaoqiong Huang, Guoxing Li), CN=ArticleExt(id=1197531828191019247, articleId=1197531585361789110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, language=CN, title=车载可见光视距通信系统块误码率的研究*, columnId=1200008580763059059, journalTitle=汽车技术, columnName=新能源汽车制动能量回收策略专题, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为了提高车载通信质量和可靠性,通过分析基础设施与车辆间信道传输模型和道路基础设施参数的影响,引入车载可见光通信技术。根据基础设施与车辆间的视距信道进行建模,分析信号传输中的通信损耗;利用视距通信误码率(BER)、停机概率及块误码率(BLER)推导系统性能的闭式解析式;分析复合指向误差对视距通信系统的误码率、停机概率以及块误码率的影响。试验结果表明:在无衰落和视距传输条件下,增加路灯高度可以降低误码率,通信链路距离增加将增大误码率;提高停机阈值,视距链路的停机概率降低;增加发送比特块数量有助于改善块误码率性能;考虑指向误差后,误码率、停机概率以及块误码率均增加,表明指向误差对系统通信有衰弱作用。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
李国兴(1994—),讲师,主要从事交通-能源-信息多网融合方面研究工作,
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=MOcXt9St15bZ9EhGm0ATZg==, magXml=5TAJL35TbcdGytrvLNtJmA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=bAcyXKPdZZpgpRSTSNrSsw==, pdfFileSize=1631163, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=ZkdKNuef6jhYgNLsaAmf8Q==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=rqe/+3uyMZrPyuIZ/W+71w==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=牛明博, 杨建, 黄小琼, 李国兴)}, authors=[Author(id=1200008585418736601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200008585519399904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, authorId=1200008585418736601, language=EN, stringName=Mingbo Niu, firstName=Mingbo, middleName=null, lastName=Niu, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 School of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710018, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200008585674589158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, authorId=1200008585418736601, language=CN, stringName=牛明博, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 长安大学能源与电气工程学院,西安 710018, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200008585120941005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200008585125135310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, companyId=1200008585120941005, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710018), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200008585133523919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, companyId=1200008585120941005, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 长安大学能源与电气工程学院,西安 710018)])]), Author(id=1200008585745892330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200008585838167022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, authorId=1200008585745892330, language=EN, stringName=Jian Yang, firstName=Jian, middleName=null, lastName=Yang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 School of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710018, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200008585905275891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, authorId=1200008585745892330, language=CN, stringName=杨建, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 长安大学能源与电气工程学院,西安 710018, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200008585120941005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200008585125135310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, companyId=1200008585120941005, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710018), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200008585133523919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, companyId=1200008585120941005, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 长安大学能源与电气工程学院,西安 710018)])]), Author(id=1200008585972384760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200008586073048063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, authorId=1200008585972384760, language=EN, stringName=Xiaoqiong Huang, firstName=Xiaoqiong, middleName=null, lastName=Huang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1 School of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710018
2 BYD Automobile Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710018, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200008586148544512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, authorId=1200008585972384760, language=CN, stringName=黄小琼, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1 长安大学能源与电气工程学院,西安 710018
2 比亚迪汽车股份有限公司,西安 710018, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200008585120941005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200008585125135310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, companyId=1200008585120941005, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710018), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200008585133523919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, companyId=1200008585120941005, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 长安大学能源与电气工程学院,西安 710018)]), AuthorCompany(id=1200008585213215698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200008585217410002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, companyId=1200008585213215698, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 BYD Automobile Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710018), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200008585225798611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, companyId=1200008585213215698, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 比亚迪汽车股份有限公司,西安 710018)])]), Author(id=1200008586303733766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=liguoxing@chd.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200008586463117325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, authorId=1200008586303733766, language=EN, stringName=Guoxing Li, firstName=Guoxing, middleName=null, lastName=Li, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 School of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710018, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200008586567974930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, authorId=1200008586303733766, language=CN, stringName=李国兴, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 长安大学能源与电气工程学院,西安 710018, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200008585120941005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200008585125135310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, companyId=1200008585120941005, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710018), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200008585133523919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, companyId=1200008585120941005, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 长安大学能源与电气工程学院,西安 710018)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1200008586735747101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=Visible light communication), Keyword(id=1200008586819633188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=Bit error rate), Keyword(id=1200008586907713575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=Downtime probability), Keyword(id=1200008586995793962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=Block error rate), Keyword(id=1200008587075485742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=Composite pointing error), Keyword(id=1200008587155177520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=可见光通信), Keyword(id=1200008587260035124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=误码率), Keyword(id=1200008587352309816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=停机概率), Keyword(id=1200008587465556030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=块误码率), Keyword(id=1200008587553636420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=复合指向误差)], refs=[Reference(id=1200008591320121504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=24, issue=10, pageStart=10262, pageEnd=10278, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=WANG F Y, LIN Y L, LOANNOU P A, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG F Y, LIN Y L, LOANNOU P A, et al. Transportation 5.0: The DAO to Safe, Secure, and Sustainable Intelligent Transportation Systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2023, 24(10): 10262-10278., articleTitle=Transportation 5.0: The DAO to Safe, Secure, and Sustainable Intelligent Transportation Systems, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200008591429173411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=8, issue=2, pageStart=1017, pageEnd=1020, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=SUN Y, HU Y F, ZHANG H, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SUN Y, HU Y F, ZHANG H, et al. A Parallel Emission Regulatory Framework for Intelligent Transportation Systems and Smart Cities[J]. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles, 2023, 8(2): 1017-1020., articleTitle=A Parallel Emission Regulatory Framework for Intelligent Transportation Systems and Smart Cities, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200008591513059494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=BAMMENS C, NINA SK, CHARPENTIER V, journalName=Las Vegas, NV USA, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BAMMENS C, NINA SK, CHARPENTIER V, et al. Leveraging on the Synergy between Visible Light Communication (VLC) and Radio Frequency (RF) to Enhance Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS)[C]// 2023 IEEE 20th Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC). Las Vegas, NV USA: IEEE, 2023., articleTitle=Leveraging on the Synergy between Visible Light Communication (VLC) and Radio Frequency (RF) to Enhance Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200008591609528489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=378, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=MIRAMIRKHANI F, UYSAL M, journalName=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MIRAMIRKHANI F, UYSAL M. Channel Modelling for Indoor Visible Light Communications[J]. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, 2020, 378., articleTitle=Channel Modelling for Indoor Visible Light Communications, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200008591739551918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=10, issue=4, pageStart=376, pageEnd=387, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=XU Y W, CHENG X B, WANG Y F, journalName=Photonics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XU Y W, CHENG X B, WANG Y F. Bandwidth Expansion of Zero-Power-Consumption Visible Light Communication System[J]. Photonics, 2023, 10(4): 376-387., articleTitle=Bandwidth Expansion of Zero-Power-Consumption Visible Light Communication System, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200008591836020913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=462, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=YOU X D, ZHONG Y J, CHEN J, journalName=Optics Communications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YOU X D, ZHONG Y J, CHEN J, et al. Mobile Channel Estimation Based on Decision Feedback in Vehicle-to-Infrastructure Visible Light Communication Systems[J]. Optics Communications, 2020, 462., articleTitle=Mobile Channel Estimation Based on Decision Feedback in Vehicle-to-Infrastructure Visible Light Communication Systems, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200008591949267123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=7, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=UYRUS A, TURAN B, BASAR E, journalName=Los Angeles, CA, refType=null, unstructuredReference=UYRUS A, TURAN B, BASAR E, et al. Visible Light and mmWave Propagation Channel Comparison for Vehicular Communications[C]// 2019 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC). Los Angeles, CA, USA: IEEE, 2019: 1-7., articleTitle=Visible Light and mmWave Propagation Channel Comparison for Vehicular Communications[C]// 2019 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200008592083484856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=35, issue=11, pageStart=1038, pageEnd=1042, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=曾鹿滨, 裴瑞琳, 王晨东, journalName=汽车工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=曾鹿滨, 裴瑞琳, 王晨东, 等. 新型车载LED光无线通信系统[J]. 汽车工程, 2019, 35(11): 1038-1042., articleTitle=新型车载LED光无线通信系统, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200008592175759546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=35, issue=11, pageStart=1038, pageEnd=1042, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=8, authorNames=ZENG L B, PEI R L, WANG C D, journalName=Automotive Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZENG L B, PEI R L, WANG C D, et al. A New Type of Vehicle LED Optical Wireless Communication System[J] Automotive Engineering, 2019, 35(11): 1038-1042., articleTitle=A New Type of Vehicle LED Optical Wireless Communication System, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200008592247062712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=69, issue=7, pageStart=6891, pageEnd=6901, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=9, authorNames=KARBALAYGHAREH M, MIRAMIRKHANI F, ELDEEB H B, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KARBALAYGHAREH M, MIRAMIRKHANI F, ELDEEB H B, et al. Channel Modelling and Performance Limits of Vehicular Visible Light Communication Systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2020, 69(7): 6891-6901., articleTitle=Channel Modelling and Performance Limits of Vehicular Visible Light Communication Systems, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200008592343531706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=72, issue=8, pageStart=9692, pageEnd=9703, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=10, authorNames=ALY B, ELAMASSIE M, UYSAL M, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ALY B, ELAMASSIE M, UYSAL M. Vehicular Visible Light Communication with Low Beam Transmitters in the Presence of Vertical Oscillation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2023, 72(8): 9692-9703., articleTitle=Vehicular Visible Light Communication with Low Beam Transmitters in the Presence of Vertical Oscillation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200008592440000701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=72, issue=8, pageStart=10273, pageEnd=10285, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=11, authorNames=KUMAR P, SAGNIK B, DARSHI S, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KUMAR P, SAGNIK B, DARSHI S, et al. Outage Analysis Using Probabilistic Channel Model for Drone Assisted Multi-User Coded Cooperation System[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2023, 72(8): 10273-10285., articleTitle=Outage Analysis Using Probabilistic Channel Model for Drone Assisted Multi-User Coded Cooperation System, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200008592515498175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=42, issue=4, pageStart=957, pageEnd=964, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=12, authorNames=李国权, 徐勇军, 陈前斌, journalName=电子与信息学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李国权, 徐勇军, 陈前斌. 基于干扰效率多蜂窝异构无线网络最优基站选择及功率分配算法[J]. 电子与信息学报, 2020, 42(4): 957-964., articleTitle=基于干扰效率多蜂窝异构无线网络最优基站选择及功率分配算法, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200008592603578561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=42, issue=4, pageStart=957, pageEnd=964, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=13, authorNames=LI G Q, XU Y J, CHEN Q B, journalName=Journal of Electronics and Information Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI G Q, XU Y J, CHEN Q B. Interference Efficiency-Based Base Station Selection and Power Allocation Algorithm for Multi-Cell Heterogeneous Wireless Networks[J]. Journal of Electronics and Information Technology, 2020, 42(4): 957-964., articleTitle=Interference Efficiency-Based Base Station Selection and Power Allocation Algorithm for Multi-Cell Heterogeneous Wireless Networks, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200008592746184899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=23, issue=9, pageStart=15765, pageEnd=15779, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=14, authorNames=ARYA S, CHUNG Y H, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ARYA S, CHUNG Y H. Novel Optical Scattering-Based V2V Communications with Experimental Analysis[J]. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2022, 23(9): 15765-15779., articleTitle=Novel Optical Scattering-Based V2V Communications with Experimental Analysis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200008592842653894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=71, issue=3, pageStart=2240, pageEnd=2250, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=15, authorNames=ELDEEB H B, ELAMASSIE M, SAIT S M, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ELDEEB H B, ELAMASSIE M, SAIT S M, et al. Infrastructure-to-Vehicle Visible Light Communications: Channel Modelling and Performance Analysis[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2022, 71(3): 2240-2250., articleTitle=Infrastructure-to-Vehicle Visible Light Communications: Channel Modelling and Performance Analysis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200008592985260230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=16, authorNames=SALO J, EL-SALLABI H M, VAINIKAINEN P, Phuket, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SALO J, EL-SALLABI H M, VAINIKAINEN P. Impact of Double-Rayleigh Fading on System Performance[C]// 2006 1st International Symposium on Wireless Pervasive Computing. Phuket, Thailand: IEEE, 2006., articleTitle=Impact of Double-Rayleigh Fading on System Performance, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200008594138693831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=24, issue=1, pageStart=219, pageEnd=230, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=17, authorNames=DJORDJEVIC G T, PETKOVIC M I, SPASIC M, journalName=Optics Express, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DJORDJEVIC G T, PETKOVIC M I, SPASIC M, et al. Outage Capacity of FSO Link with Pointing Errors and Link Blockage[J]. Optics Express, 2016, 24(1): 219-230., articleTitle=Outage Capacity of FSO Link with Pointing Errors and Link Blockage, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200008594243551434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1997, volume=85, issue=2, pageStart=265, pageEnd=298, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=18, authorNames=KAHN J M, BARRY J R, journalName=Proceedings of the IEEE, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KAHN J M, BARRY J R. Wireless Infrared Communications[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 1997, 85(2): 265-298., articleTitle=Wireless Infrared Communications, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200008594373574861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=2, issue=null, pageStart=235, pageEnd=248, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=19, authorNames=SINGH G, SRIVASTAVA A, BOHARA V A, journalName=IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SINGH G, SRIVASTAVA A, BOHARA V A, et al. Downlink Performance of Optical Power Domain Noma for Beyond 5G Enabled V2X Networks[J]. IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology, 2021, 2: 235-248., articleTitle=Downlink Performance of Optical Power Domain Noma for Beyond 5G Enabled V2X Networks, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200008594461655250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=8, issue=5, pageStart=616, pageEnd=625, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=20, authorNames=ZHANG Q, CHENG J, KARAGIANNIDIS G K, journalName=IET Communications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Q, CHENG J, KARAGIANNIDIS G K. Block Error Rate of Optical Wireless Communication Systems over Atmospheric Turbulence Channels[J]. IET Communications, 2014, 8(5): 616-625., articleTitle=Block Error Rate of Optical Wireless Communication Systems over Atmospheric Turbulence Channels, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1200008590812610709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, awardId=G2021171024L, language=CN, fundingSource=*中国科学技术部国家级项目基金(G2021171024L), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1200008590913274009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, awardId=S2022-ZC-GXYZ-0015, language=CN, fundingSource=陕西省科学技术厅项目(S2022-ZC-GXYZ-0015), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1200008591110406300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, awardId=300203110029, language=CN, fundingSource=“长安学者”与省级人才支持计划项目(300203110029), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200008585120941005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200008585125135310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, companyId=1200008585120941005, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710018), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200008585133523919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, companyId=1200008585120941005, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 长安大学能源与电气工程学院,西安 710018)]), AuthorCompany(id=1200008585213215698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200008585217410002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, companyId=1200008585213215698, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 BYD Automobile Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710018), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200008585225798611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, companyId=1200008585213215698, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 比亚迪汽车股份有限公司,西安 710018)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1200008587876597840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=sfRU6BuFgCOY92qPF2IZZw==, figureFileBig=ejabDymV1B6M6MaBtk2n6A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200008587943706710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, language=CN, label=图1, caption=基本场景系统模型, figureFileSmall=sfRU6BuFgCOY92qPF2IZZw==, figureFileBig=ejabDymV1B6M6MaBtk2n6A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200008588061147226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=flnDY4brLxUIyD48ZzDocg==, figureFileBig=LQuPCIK0grTn+gN6Zqb4Kg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200008588174393436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, language=CN, label=图2, caption=车辆与路灯模型, figureFileSmall=flnDY4brLxUIyD48ZzDocg==, figureFileBig=LQuPCIK0grTn+gN6Zqb4Kg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200008588254085215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=TOjtK+OoMUMf/XNlAxOAJA==, figureFileBig=/Rv9cdmfsFWLtLhEILQTBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200008588367331428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, language=CN, label=图3, caption=各参数对误码率的影响, figureFileSmall=TOjtK+OoMUMf/XNlAxOAJA==, figureFileBig=/Rv9cdmfsFWLtLhEILQTBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200008588472189031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=hi5pFee1CAgbGvQMLDW2nA==, figureFileBig=P4iFTl9AUCW/0v1nyYFRzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200008589617234031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同停机阈值对停机概率的影响, figureFileSmall=hi5pFee1CAgbGvQMLDW2nA==, figureFileBig=P4iFTl9AUCW/0v1nyYFRzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200008589717897329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=z9lmgPaGmXXZ/deRDOiPzQ==, figureFileBig=kccW0UJh4/SL05w1DT9pFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200008589843726451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同比特块对系统性能的影响, figureFileSmall=z9lmgPaGmXXZ/deRDOiPzQ==, figureFileBig=kccW0UJh4/SL05w1DT9pFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200008589923418231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=QeF+aboMngbyJqW3GjQYbw==, figureFileBig=N3mynpYK+I9GXxA3LXdIIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200008590032470139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同M对系统性能的影响, figureFileSmall=QeF+aboMngbyJqW3GjQYbw==, figureFileBig=N3mynpYK+I9GXxA3LXdIIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200008590124744830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=OHjIvEO6LGwJsrZIx42SPw==, figureFileBig=5myOx7dCS08r8GZWIf11fQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200008590229602431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, language=CN, label=图7, caption=视距通信链路和复合指向误差比较结果, figureFileSmall=OHjIvEO6LGwJsrZIx42SPw==, figureFileBig=5myOx7dCS08r8GZWIf11fQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200008590347042947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
HP/m r/m dh/m Dr/m CP CSA
6 15 2.0 1.0 4.467 9 -64.743
2.5 4.222 8 -56.289
7 18 2.0 2.5 4.401 4 -57.255
19 2.0 2.5 4.749 2 -57.603
20 1.0 2.5 4.616 5 -58.020
1.5 2.5 4.835 5 -57.970
2.0 1.0 5.205 4 -66.350
2.5 5.077 0 -57.930
4.0 4.872 0 -54.520
2.5 2.5 5.341 0 -57.920
21 2.0 2.5 5.384 8 -58.245
8 22 2.0 1.0 4.909 1 -66.863
2.5 4.862 0 -58.480
9 24 2.0 1.0 4.746 1 -67.489
2.5 4.780 2 -59.141
10 30 2.0 1.0 5.143 5 -68.704
2.5 5.306 2 -60.393
), ArticleFig(id=1200008590422540422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

CPCSA参数对照表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
HP/m r/m dh/m Dr/m CP CSA
6 15 2.0 1.0 4.467 9 -64.743
2.5 4.222 8 -56.289
7 18 2.0 2.5 4.401 4 -57.255
19 2.0 2.5 4.749 2 -57.603
20 1.0 2.5 4.616 5 -58.020
1.5 2.5 4.835 5 -57.970
2.0 1.0 5.205 4 -66.350
2.5 5.077 0 -57.930
4.0 4.872 0 -54.520
2.5 2.5 5.341 0 -57.920
21 2.0 2.5 5.384 8 -58.245
8 22 2.0 1.0 4.909 1 -66.863
2.5 4.862 0 -58.480
9 24 2.0 1.0 4.746 1 -67.489
2.5 4.780 2 -59.141
10 30 2.0 1.0 5.143 5 -68.704
2.5 5.306 2 -60.393
), ArticleFig(id=1200008590514815115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 取值 参数 取值
光电探测器孔径/cm 4 道路宽度/m 3.75
光电探测器响应度/A∙W-1 0.4 车辆长度/m 4.67
噪声密度/A2∙Hz-1 1×10-2 车辆宽度/m 1.84
视野/(°) 90 车辆高度/m 1.37
带宽/MHz 5 路灯间距/m 30
路灯高度/m 2~15 路灯数量/个 4
), ArticleFig(id=1200008590590312591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189621681917173762, articleId=1197531585361789110, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

仿真参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 取值 参数 取值
光电探测器孔径/cm 4 道路宽度/m 3.75
光电探测器响应度/A∙W-1 0.4 车辆长度/m 4.67
噪声密度/A2∙Hz-1 1×10-2 车辆宽度/m 1.84
视野/(°) 90 车辆高度/m 1.37
带宽/MHz 5 路灯间距/m 30
路灯高度/m 2~15 路灯数量/个 4
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1149693407745847311, delFlag=0, nameCn=汽车技术, nameEn=Automobile Technology, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1000-3703, eissn=null, cn=22-1113/U, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=rYFtDx/CU9+iX8QTM0ckbw==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=null, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1752037868679, updatedTime=1761735668047, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=A, firstLetterEn=A, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=Engineering, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=rYFtDx/CU9+iX8QTM0ckbw==, picEn=oFT2NmUwKPUjZ27C1+d9pw==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1190368926564450443, language=CN, name=汽车技术, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735668078, updatedTime=1761735668078, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://qcjs.cbpt.cnki.net/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://qcjs.cbpt.cnki.net/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://qcjs.cbpt.cnki.net/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1190368926618976396, language=EN, name=Automobile Technology, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735668091, updatedTime=1761735668091, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://qcjs.cbpt.cnki.net/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://qcjs.cbpt.cnki.net/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://qcjs.cbpt.cnki.net/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1189621681917173762, websiteList=[Website(id=1189624193747526544, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1189621681917173762, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcjs/CN, language=CN, createTime=1761558109939, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761558140534, updateBy=18614031015, name=汽车技术-中, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=汽车技术, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189625424704451180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189624193747526544, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761558403421, updateTime=1761558403421, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189625424675091049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189624193747526544, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761558403414, updateTime=1761558403414, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189625424733811311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189624193747526544, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761558403428, updateTime=1761558403428, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189625424658313832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189624193747526544, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcjs/CN/file/pic?fileId=7En9rzX2QCa/1J8NnKt/Fg==, createTime=1761558403410, updateTime=1761558403410, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189625424746394225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189624193747526544, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761558403431, updateTime=1761558403431, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189625424691868267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189624193747526544, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcjs/CN/file/pic, createTime=1761558403418, updateTime=1761558403418, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189625424742199920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189624193747526544, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761558403430, updateTime=1761558403430, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189625424683479658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189624193747526544, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1761558403416, updateTime=1761558403416, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189625424712839789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189624193747526544, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761558403423, updateTime=1761558403423, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189625424725422702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189624193747526544, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761558403426, updateTime=1761558403426, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1189624193869161363, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1189621681917173762, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcjs/EN, language=EN, createTime=1761558109967, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761558340679, updateBy=18614031015, name=汽车技术-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Automobile Technology, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189625550722311064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189624193869161363, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761558433466, updateTime=1761558433466, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189625550688756629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189624193869161363, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761558433458, updateTime=1761558433458, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189625550739088283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189624193869161363, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761558433470, updateTime=1761558433470, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189625550676173716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189624193869161363, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcjs/EN/file/pic?fileId=7En9rzX2QCa/1J8NnKt/Fg==, createTime=1761558433455, updateTime=1761558433455, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189625550751671197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189624193869161363, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761558433473, updateTime=1761558433473, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189625550713922455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189624193869161363, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcjs/EN/file/pic, createTime=1761558433464, updateTime=1761558433464, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189625550743282588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189624193869161363, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761558433471, updateTime=1761558433471, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189625550705533846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189624193869161363, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1761558433462, updateTime=1761558433462, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189625550726505369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189624193869161363, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761558433467, updateTime=1761558433467, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189625550734893978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189624193869161363, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761558433469, updateTime=1761558433469, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=汽车技术, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=null, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Automobile Technology, journalPhotoCn=rYFtDx/CU9+iX8QTM0ckbw==, journalPhotoEn=oFT2NmUwKPUjZ27C1+d9pw==, journalFirstLetter=A, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcjs/CN/10.19620/j.cnki.1000-3703.20240313, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcjs/EN/10.19620/j.cnki.1000-3703.20240313, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcjs/CN/PDF/10.19620/j.cnki.1000-3703.20240313, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcjs/EN/PDF/10.19620/j.cnki.1000-3703.20240313, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
车载可见光视距通信系统块误码率的研究*
收藏切换
PDF下载
牛明博 1 , 杨建 1 , 黄小琼 1, 2 , 李国兴 1
汽车技术 | 新能源汽车制动能量回收策略专题 2025,(1): 33-40
收起
收藏切换
汽车技术 | 新能源汽车制动能量回收策略专题 2025, (1): 33-40
车载可见光视距通信系统块误码率的研究*
全屏
牛明博1, 杨建1, 黄小琼1, 2, 李国兴1
作者信息
  • 1 长安大学能源与电气工程学院,西安 710018
  • 2 比亚迪汽车股份有限公司,西安 710018

通讯作者:

李国兴(1994—),讲师,主要从事交通-能源-信息多网融合方面研究工作,
Research on Block Error Rate of Vehicle Visible Light Line of Sight Communication System
Mingbo Niu1, Jian Yang1, Xiaoqiong Huang1, 2, Guoxing Li1
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710018
  • 2 BYD Automobile Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710018
出版时间: 2025-01-24 doi: 10.19620/j.cnki.1000-3703.20240313
文章导航
收藏切换

为了提高车载通信质量和可靠性,通过分析基础设施与车辆间信道传输模型和道路基础设施参数的影响,引入车载可见光通信技术。根据基础设施与车辆间的视距信道进行建模,分析信号传输中的通信损耗;利用视距通信误码率(BER)、停机概率及块误码率(BLER)推导系统性能的闭式解析式;分析复合指向误差对视距通信系统的误码率、停机概率以及块误码率的影响。试验结果表明:在无衰落和视距传输条件下,增加路灯高度可以降低误码率,通信链路距离增加将增大误码率;提高停机阈值,视距链路的停机概率降低;增加发送比特块数量有助于改善块误码率性能;考虑指向误差后,误码率、停机概率以及块误码率均增加,表明指向误差对系统通信有衰弱作用。

可见光通信  /  误码率  /  停机概率  /  块误码率  /  复合指向误差

In order to improve the quality and reliability of in-vehicle communication, in-vehicle visible light communication technology is introduced by analyzing the influence of infrastructure-vehicle channel transmission model and road infrastructure parameters. Based on the line-of-sight channel between the infrastructure and the vehicle, a model is established to analyze the communication loss during signal transmission. Closed-form analytical equation of the system performance are derived by using the line-of-sight communication Bit Error Rate (BER), downtime probability, and the Block Error Rate (BLER). The effect of the composite pointing error on BER, downtime probability, and BLER of the line-of-sight communication system is analyzed. The experimental results show that: under the no-fading and line-of-sight transmission conditions, increase the height of the street light reduces the BER, while increasing the communication link distance increases the BER; raising the downtime threshold reduces the downtime probability of the line-of-sight link; increasing in the number of transmitted bit blocks helps to improve the performance of BLER; when the number of BER blocks is increased, the system’s BLER decreases rapidly; after considering the pointing errors, BER, downtime probability and BLER all increase, which indicates that pointing error has a debilitating effect on the system communication.

Visible light communication  /  Bit error rate  /  Downtime probability  /  Block error rate  /  Composite pointing error
牛明博, 杨建, 黄小琼, 李国兴. 车载可见光视距通信系统块误码率的研究*. 汽车技术, 2025 , (1) : 33 -40 . DOI: 10.19620/j.cnki.1000-3703.20240313
Mingbo Niu, Jian Yang, Xiaoqiong Huang, Guoxing Li. Research on Block Error Rate of Vehicle Visible Light Line of Sight Communication System[J]. Automobile Technology, 2025 , (1) : 33 -40 . DOI: 10.19620/j.cnki.1000-3703.20240313
智能交通系统(Intelligent Transportation Systems,ITS)通过车辆与基础设施间信息共享,改善道路安全、交通流及驾乘舒适度,是构建智慧城市的重要组成部分[1-2]。可见光通信(Visible Light Communication,VLC)技术基于调节发光二极管(Light Emitting Diode,LED)[3],通过调制可见光谱(波长范围为380~750 nm)进行数据传输,对于推动绿色低碳通信极为关键。
VLC通过使用LED的交通信号灯、汽车外部照明灯,可成为车辆无线网络通信的有效方案。Miramirkhani等[4]利用朗伯模型[5-6]进行室内信道建模,描述光的散射特性,但该模型并不适用于非对称强度分布的交通灯。Uyrus等[7]通过对室内停车场场景下的车对车(Vehiele-to-Vehicle,V2V)、车辆到基础设施(Vehicle-to-Infrastructure,V2I)系统进行建模,评估了车载可见光通信在不同车辆间距、接收角度、邻近车辆及车道占用情况下的路径损耗特性。曾鹿滨等[8]通过设计室内车载LED光通信系统,解决了车辆在车库、隧道等场景中难以快速定位、AM/FM信号丢失等问题,但基于车载可见光室内通信仍存在信号遮挡、动态环境变化、覆盖范围限制等局限性。
对于室外车辆通信,实际环境(雾、大气湍流等)会影响通道建模,进而影响通信链路的性能。Karbalayghareh等[9]在特定条件下,评估了V2V系统的链路距离和目标误码率(Bit Error Rate, BER)、信噪比(Signal to Noise Ratio,SNR)的影响。Aly等[10]在湍流条件下,根据重型车辆间的VLC通信系统,提出了关于垂直位移和振荡影响的路径损耗模型,并推导出卡车间通信系统的误码率表达式。但上述研究均未考虑交通基础设施的功能影响。
为了提升可见光通信性能,本文基于I2V通信,对信号传输性能进行研究。首先,建立基础设施与车辆间信道传输模型,在路侧单元(Roadside Units,RSU)安装能够进行可见光数据传输的LED,使交通信号灯、路灯等均可作为信号发射源,与车辆进行通信;其次,对车载可见光通信系统的大气湍流、路径损耗、指向误差等损耗情况进行分析;最后,分析系统的误码率、停机概率以及块误码率(Block Error Rate,BLER)的影响。
车载可见光视距通信链路的场景系统模型如图1所示。路侧单元负责获取车辆及周围环境信息,将车辆附近的路灯、摄像头、雷达等智能交通基础设施作为发射器,车辆的光电探测器、透镜等设备作为信号接收器。通过将光信号实时转换成电信号,并根据接收信号进行解调和相位调控,使路灯与车辆形成直接通信链路,即视距通信。
在系统模型中,信号发射源发射无线电信号,该信号在传输中会经历近地面衰落,称为瑞利衰落。在到达接收器前,瑞利衰落属于交通视距链路的合理模型[11]
本文使用非典型的双车道,基于行驶距离对信道脉冲响应进行数据拟合,设计了一种车辆与基础设施间的可见光通道模型。其中,各行车道可容纳同向行驶的两辆车,路侧灯杆均匀分布(见图2)。
假设接收端背景噪声系数为 σ k 2,基础设施发射端的信道状态信息(Channel State Information,CSI)无误[12],且视距链路上的小尺度衰落和大气湍流建模均为瑞利衰落[13],则瑞利分布的概率密度函数为:
f x = x σ 0 2 e x p - x 2 2 σ 0 2
式中: σ 0 2为瑞利变量中分量的方差。
在移动通信中,信号传输会以固定的速率衰减,由于车辆运动和周围环境的不断变化,路径损耗具有不确定性[14]。根据朗伯模型,将路径损耗设定为:
h d B = C P T + C S A T = c o s 2 π d T d
式中:CPCSA分别为接收功率的峰值和正弦轴,d为车辆的移动距离,T为信号的接收时间。
CPCSAHPHV、信号发射端到接收端的距离rdhDr的影响,不同场景中各参数如表1所示。由于路径损耗 h l = 10 h d B / 10,所以其概率密度函数为[15]
f h l = 10 l n 10 h l π C P 2 - 10 l o g 10 h l - C S A 2 10 C S A - C P 10 h l 10 C S A + C P 10
由于通信链路信号随车辆运动实时变化,且车辆接收器的尺寸较小,车辆高速运动时,光束与接收器的有效区域容易错位,导致光信号的接收功率发生较大变化。此现象为指向性误差,主要分为2种位移模型:
a. 固定位移,又称孔径偏差,即光束相对于探测器中心的恒定偏移。
b. 光束相对于探测器中心的随机偏移,又称抖动。
上述位移模型均为非零轴心指向误差[16],该误差取决于收发器间视线准确性。若收发器间的对准不够精确,即使微小的偏差也会导致光束偏离接收器的有效区域,导致接收功率的显著下降。
使用激光束分别沿水平、垂直方向分析指向性误差。假设所有位移均遵循独立的零均值高斯分布,当高斯光束从发射器经过距离r至圆形检测器时,接收器的功率分数可近似为:
h p z , r A 0 e x p - 2 z 2 w r e q 2 A 0 = e r f v 2 ,   w r = θ r w r e q 2 = w r 2 π e r f v 2 v e x p - v 2 ,   v = π a 2 w r e r f x = 2 0 x e - t 2 d t π
式中:A0为光束质心到检测器中心的瞬时径向位移z=0时的光束振幅, w r e q为等效光束宽度,θ为发散角,v为孔径半径a与波束带宽wr的比值,erf ( )为误差函数。
光束半径随着发射器与接收器间距离的增加逐渐扩大,常采用贝克曼分布描述衰落信道的概率密度函数。在接收器孔径平面,各方向位移均服从正态分布且遵循贝克曼分布:
f z = z 2 π σ x σ y × 0 2 π e x p - z c o s ϕ - μ x 2 2 σ x 2 - z s i n ϕ - μ y 2 2 σ y 2 d ϕ z = z = z x 2 + z y 2 ,   z = ( z x ,   z y ) T z x N μ x , σ x 2 ,   z y N μ y , σ y 2
式中:zxzy分别为探测器平面的水平和垂直方向位移分量,μxμy分别zxzy的均值, σ x 2 σ y 2分别为zxzy的方差, ϕ为角变量,N( )为正态分布函数。
当信号的两个独立分量均服从零均值、相同方差的正态分布(μx=μy=0,σx=σy)时,湍流单元在光束路径上随机出现。由于湍流和建筑物的摇摆,且建筑物的摇摆方向受风向和其他环境因素的影响,极易降低光束路径的稳定性。假设 σ x 2 = σ y 2 = σ s 2,径向位移的振幅为随机过程,且振幅的概率密度函数符合瑞利分布,则径向位移的概率密度函数符合莱斯分布:
f z = z σ s 2 e x p - z 2 + s 2 2 σ s 2 I 0 R S σ s 2 s = μ x 2 + μ y 2
式中:S为光束的总位移,I0( )为第一类修正贝塞尔函数,R为光电探测器的响应度。
因此,指向误差的概率密度函数为:
f h p = D 2 A 0 D 2 h p D 2 - 1 D = w r e q 2 σ s
式中:D为接收器的等效光束宽度与指向误差位移标准偏差的比值,hp为指向误差的随机信道损耗。
本文采用通断键控(On-Off Keying,OOK)调制方式,VLC链路的信道延迟为10 ns,视距链路的信噪比为:
γ 1 = R 2 A k , i 1 2 P t 2 η 2 σ k 2 h c 2 = γ 01 h c 2
式中:Pt为发射功率,Ak,i为正常尺度的信道增益, σ k 2为总噪声,η为光电转换系数,hc为视距链路信道中信号的损耗,γ01为平均信噪比(不包含信道传播的影响)。
鉴于路灯发射的复合信号在到达光电探测器前,存在大气湍流和路径损耗共同作用的复合损耗,即复合信道衰落。假设复合损耗hc=hlha,且 h a 10 C S A - C P / 10 h c h a 10 C S A + C P / 10,其中,ha为大气湍流,则复合损耗的概率密度函数可以推导为:
f h c = 10 C S A - C P 10 10 C S A + C P 10   f h a h c h l f h l h l d h l                           = a h c σ 0 2 - 1 1 1 h l 2 e x p - ( h c h l ) 2 2 σ 0 2 d ζ π 1 - ζ 2                           = b i = 1 n h c n A e x p - h c 2 2 A ζ = 10 l o g 10 h l - C S A C P ,   A = σ 0 2 10 0.2 c o s ( 2 i - 1 π 2 n ) C P + C S A
式中:(a)变化为hl ζ的映射,通过高斯切比雪夫正交法积分描述概率密度函数;(b)变化为积分近似为求和;n为离散化求和的项数;i为求和的索引。
将式(8)代入式(9),得到瞬时信噪比γ1的概率密度函数为:
f γ 1 = 1 2 γ 1 γ 01 f h γ 1 γ 01 = 1 2 γ 01 n σ 0 2 i = 1 n 10 - 0.2 C P c o s 2 i - 1 π 2 n + C S A × e x p - γ 1 2 γ 01 σ 0 2 10 - 0.2 C P c o s 2 i - 1 π 2 n + C S A
在OOK调制下,误码率为 P L O S = Q γ 1,其中,Q( )函数用于计算标准高斯分布的尾部概率[17]。因此,条件误码率为:
P L O S = Q γ 1 = 1 2 e r f c γ 01 h c 2 2 = 1 2 e r f c γ 01 2 h c
式中:erfc( )为补偿误差函数。
根据瞬时信噪比的概率密度函数和条件误码率,得到视距链路的平均误码率为:
P e L O S = 0 P L O S f γ 1 d γ 1 = 1 2 n i = 1 n 1 - 1 1 + 1 γ 01 σ 0 2 10 0.2 C P c o s 2 i - 1 π 2 n + C S A
当瞬时信噪比低于某个阈值时,通信会发生中断事件[18]。对于I2V视距链路下的停机概率,将Λ设为阈值。根据接收车辆的停机概率及信噪比γ1的概率密度函数,得到视距链路的停机概率为:
O L O S = 0 Λ f γ 1 d γ 1                   = 1 2 γ 01 n σ 0 2 i = 1 n 2 γ 01 σ 0 2 ×                           γ 1 , Λ 2 γ 01 σ 0 2 10 0.2 c o s 2 i - 1 π 2 n C P + C S A                   = 1 n i = 1 n γ 1 , Λ 2 γ 01 σ 0 2 10 0.2 c o s 2 i - 1 π 2 n C P + C S A 0 u x m e - β x n d x = γ ν ,   β u n n β ν ,   ν = m + 1 n
式中:γ( )为下不完全伽马函数, γ ν ,   β u n n β ν为不完全伽玛函数的归一化形式, n β ν为归一化因子, ν β u n分别为不完全伽玛函数的形状参数和尺度参数。
为了全面评估系统性能,采用BLER反映接收端解码数据块的成功率,所以发送比特块N中发生错误的比特块数超过M的概率为:
P B L E R = 0 f h h P M ,   N ; h d h                     = 0 f h h m = M + 1 N m N P b m 1 - P b N - m d h                     = 0 f h h m = M + 1 N m N k = 0 N - m k N - m - 1 k P b m + k d h P b = Q γ 1
式中:Pb为OOK调制方式下信号误码率[19]
根据Q函数,视距传输的信号误码率为 P b = 5 e x p - 2 γ 1 + 4 e x p - 11 γ 1 20 + e x p - γ 1 2 24,使用多项式展开定理得到(m+k)阶的信号误码率为:
Q γ m + k = t = 0 m + k l = 0 t t m + k l t 1 24 m + k - t 5 24 t - l 1 6 l e x p - γ 01 h 1 2 3 t + m + k 2 - 29 20 l , t 0 , m + k l 0 , t
式中:t为外层求和的索引;l为内层求和的索引。
信号在传输中误发或经历衰落时,视距通信的块误码率为:
P B L E R , L O S = 0 f h 1 P M , N ; h 1 d h 1 = 0 i = 1 n h 1 n A e x p - h 1 2 2 A P M , N ; h 1 d h 1 = i = 1 n B n A 0 h 1 e x p - 1 2 A + γ 01 C h 1 2 d h = i = 1 n B n A 1 2 1 2 A + γ 01 C
其中,

B = m = M + 1 N m N k = 0 N - m k N - m - 1 k t = 0 m + k l = 0 t t m + k l t 1 24 m + k - t 5 24 t - l 1 6 l C = 3 t + m + k 2 - 29 20 l

在理想情况下,如果信号在发射端编码时出现误码,而传输中无衰落,此时,视距传输的块误码率为:
P B L E R , N O F = 0 P M , N ; h 1 d h 1 = B 0 e - γ 01 C h 1 2 d h 1 = B π 2 γ 01 C
为了进一步分析指向误差对视距通信系统的影响,在大气湍流、路径损耗等信道损耗中,复合指向误差的概率密度函数为:
f P E x 1 = 0 A 0 1 h p f x 1 h p f h p d h p x 1 = h i h a h p
式中:x1为复合指向误差的随机信道损耗,hp为接收器的功率分数。
复合指向误差的信道衰落为:
f P E x 1 = i = 1 n D 2 2 A 1 - D 2 2 Γ 1 - D 2 2 , x 1 2 2 A A 0 2 2 n A A 0 D 2 x 1 1 - D 2
D 0 = 1 - D 2 2,则复合指向误差的瞬时信噪比概率密度函数为:
f P E γ 1 = i = 1 n D 2 2 A D 0 4 n A A 0 D 2 γ 01 D 2 × Γ D 0 γ 1 - D 0 - k = 0 - 1 k k ! D 0 + k 2 A A 0 2 γ 01 D 0 + k γ 1 k
在考虑衰落信道中的复合指向误差后,信号到达光电检测器时,视距传输系统的误码率为:
P e , L O S , P E = 0 P L O S f P E γ 1 d γ 1 = i = 1 n D 2 2 A D 0 4 n A A 0 D 2 γ 01 D 2 ×                                       Γ D 0 2 - D 0 - D 0 D 2 - 1 D 2 -                                       k = 0 - 1 k 2 k 2 k + 1 2 k + 2 D 0 + k 2 A A 0 2 γ 01 D 0 + k
式中: Γ D 0 , γ 1 2 A A 0 2 γ 01为上不完全伽马函数。
复合指向误差的视距链路的停机概率为:
$\begin{aligned} O_{\mathrm{LOS}, \mathrm{PE}}= & \int_{0}^{A} f_{\mathrm{PE}}\left(\gamma_{1}\right) \mathrm{d} \gamma_{1}=\sum_{i=1}^{n} \frac{D^{2}(2 A)^{D_{0}}}{4 n A A_{0}^{D^{2}}{\sqrt{\gamma_{01}}}^{D^{2}}} \times \\ & {\left[\frac{2 \Gamma\left(D_{0}\right)}{D^{2}} \Lambda^{\frac{D^{2}}{2}}-\sum_{k=0}^{\infty} \frac{(-1)^{k}}{k!\left(D_{0}+k\right)} \times\right.} \\ & \left.\frac{1}{\left(2 A A_{0}^{2} \gamma_{01}\right)^{D_{0}+k}} \times \frac{\Lambda^{k+1}}{k+1}\right] \end{aligned}$
视距链路下复合指向误差的块误码率为:
P B L E R , L O S , P E = 0 f P E x 1 P M , N ; x 1 d x 1 = i = 1 n B D 2 2 A D 0 4 n A A 0 D 2 × Γ D 0 Γ D 2 2 γ 01 C D 2 2 - k = 0 - 1 k k ! D 0 + k × 1 2 A A 0 2 D 0 + k × Γ k + 1 γ 01 C k + 1
在视距传输过程中,根据表1表2的仿真参数,对视距传输的误码率Pe,LOS、停机概率OLOS以及块误码率PBLER,LOS等进行仿真。本文设置交通灯高度为7 m,车辆横向偏移为2 m,光电探测器的直径为2.5 cm。
通过改变路灯的高度HP和收发装置的距离r,分析相关物理参数对通信系统误码率Pe,LOS的影响,结果如图3所示。
图3a中,由于路灯高度增加,光通信信号的可视范围扩大,地面多径杂波反射影响较小,信号传输距离更远,所以视距传输的误码率Pe,LOS显著降低。图3b中,通信链路距离增加,会增加误码的概率,使得误码率增大。
在视距传输过程中,不同阈值 Λ条件下的停机概率如图4所示。随着停机阈值 Λ增加,视距链路的停机概率不断降低。当信噪比在5~10 dB时,停机概率变化极小,超过10 dB时,停机概率迅速下降。
假设信号在真空环境(不存在湍流介质)中传输,在信道中不会经历大气湍流。但在无衰落情况下,信号在编码过程中可能发生误码。此时,系统的误码率较低,较小的比特块能够更快地检测错误并进行修正,所以设置比特块数为N=2或N=3。每个比特块最多允许发生比特错误为M=1,保证比特块有严格的错误容忍度,从而保持较高的可靠性。
根据式(17),当发送比特块数N=2或N=3时,对比视距传输的块误码率PBLER,LOS和无衰落情况的块误码率PBLER,NOF,结果如图5所示。若一个比特块发生错误,发送比特块数量增加,块误码率的性能更好。同时,当SNR<34 dB,PBLER,NOF性能较好;当SNR>34 dB时,PBLER,LOS性能优于PBLER,NOF。在视距传输中,当发送端发送比特块增大(N=3和N=6),发生错误的比特块数一定,系统的块误码率PBLER,LOS迅速降低。
在计算资源有限情况下,比特块N=5能够提供一定的容错能力,不会因此导致系统复杂度过高。对比此时视距传输的块误码率PBLER,LOS和无衰落情况的块误码率PBLER,NOF,结果如图6所示。当M增大时,曲线迅速下降,即数据传输中信息块发生误码的概率降低。同时,SNR<46 dB时,PBLER,NOF性能优于PBLER,LOS;SNR>46 dB时,PBLER,LOS性能更佳。
信号的传输过程经历路径损耗以及大气湍流,到达光电探测器时,孔径和抖动产生指向误差,视距通信链路和复合指向误差的误码率、停机概率和块误码率的比较结果如图7所示。图7a中,相较于Pe,LOS,考虑指向误差的影响将使系统的误码率逐渐增加。
对于不同的停机阈值,系统发生的停机概率不同。当停机阈值 Λ=1和 Λ=5时,比较复合指向误差的停机概率OLOS,PE与视距链路的停机概率OLOS,结果见图7b。在视距传输系统中,随着停机阈值的增加,系统的停机概率降低。相较于OLOS,考虑指向误差的OLOS,PE明显降低。
鉴于信号在发射端和传输中均可能存在误码的比特块,当N=3、M=1时,对比视距块误码率PBLER,LOS和复合指向误码率PBLER,LOS,PE,结果如图7c所示,考虑了指向误差的块误码率大幅增加。
因此,在考虑误码率、停机概率以及块误码率指向误差后,系统通信衰弱。
本文设计了一种可见光视距通信链路的信道系统模型,深入剖析了大气湍流、指向误差等信号损耗对误码率、停机概率以及块误码率的影响。同时,针对误码率、停机概率以及块误码率,通过考虑复合指向误差,提升通信系统性能。
未来,将进一步探究超视距链路,提升可见光通信链路的适应性,为设计绿色智能交通基础设施提供依据。
  • *中国科学技术部国家级项目基金(G2021171024L)
  • 陕西省科学技术厅项目(S2022-ZC-GXYZ-0015)
  • “长安学者”与省级人才支持计划项目(300203110029)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
WANG F Y, LIN Y L, LOANNOU P A, et al. Transportation 5.0: The DAO to Safe, Secure, and Sustainable Intelligent Transportation Systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2023, 24(10): 10262-10278.
[2]
SUN Y, HU Y F, ZHANG H, et al. A Parallel Emission Regulatory Framework for Intelligent Transportation Systems and Smart Cities[J]. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles, 2023, 8(2): 1017-1020.
[3]
BAMMENS C, NINA SK, CHARPENTIER V, et al. Leveraging on the Synergy between Visible Light Communication (VLC) and Radio Frequency (RF) to Enhance Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS)[C]// 2023 IEEE 20th Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC). Las Vegas, NV USA: IEEE, 2023.
[4]
MIRAMIRKHANI F, UYSAL M. Channel Modelling for Indoor Visible Light Communications[J]. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, 2020, 378.
[5]
XU Y W, CHENG X B, WANG Y F. Bandwidth Expansion of Zero-Power-Consumption Visible Light Communication System[J]. Photonics, 2023, 10(4): 376-387.
[6]
YOU X D, ZHONG Y J, CHEN J, et al. Mobile Channel Estimation Based on Decision Feedback in Vehicle-to-Infrastructure Visible Light Communication Systems[J]. Optics Communications, 2020, 462.
[7]
UYRUS A, TURAN B, BASAR E, et al. Visible Light and mmWave Propagation Channel Comparison for Vehicular Communications[C]// 2019 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC). Los Angeles, CA, USA: IEEE, 2019: 1-7.
[8]
曾鹿滨, 裴瑞琳, 王晨东, 等. 新型车载LED光无线通信系统[J]. 汽车工程, 2019, 35(11): 1038-1042.
ZENG L B, PEI R L, WANG C D, et al. A New Type of Vehicle LED Optical Wireless Communication System[J] Automotive Engineering, 2019, 35(11): 1038-1042.
[9]
KARBALAYGHAREH M, MIRAMIRKHANI F, ELDEEB H B, et al. Channel Modelling and Performance Limits of Vehicular Visible Light Communication Systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2020, 69(7): 6891-6901.
[10]
ALY B, ELAMASSIE M, UYSAL M. Vehicular Visible Light Communication with Low Beam Transmitters in the Presence of Vertical Oscillation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2023, 72(8): 9692-9703.
[11]
KUMAR P, SAGNIK B, DARSHI S, et al. Outage Analysis Using Probabilistic Channel Model for Drone Assisted Multi-User Coded Cooperation System[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2023, 72(8): 10273-10285.
[12]
李国权, 徐勇军, 陈前斌. 基于干扰效率多蜂窝异构无线网络最优基站选择及功率分配算法[J]. 电子与信息学报, 2020, 42(4): 957-964.
LI G Q, XU Y J, CHEN Q B. Interference Efficiency-Based Base Station Selection and Power Allocation Algorithm for Multi-Cell Heterogeneous Wireless Networks[J]. Journal of Electronics and Information Technology, 2020, 42(4): 957-964.
[13]
ARYA S, CHUNG Y H. Novel Optical Scattering-Based V2V Communications with Experimental Analysis[J]. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2022, 23(9): 15765-15779.
[14]
ELDEEB H B, ELAMASSIE M, SAIT S M, et al. Infrastructure-to-Vehicle Visible Light Communications: Channel Modelling and Performance Analysis[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2022, 71(3): 2240-2250.
[15]
SALO J, EL-SALLABI H M, VAINIKAINEN P. Impact of Double-Rayleigh Fading on System Performance[C]// 2006 1st International Symposium on Wireless Pervasive Computing. Phuket, Thailand: IEEE, 2006.
[16]
DJORDJEVIC G T, PETKOVIC M I, SPASIC M, et al. Outage Capacity of FSO Link with Pointing Errors and Link Blockage[J]. Optics Express, 2016, 24(1): 219-230.
[17]
KAHN J M, BARRY J R. Wireless Infrared Communications[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 1997, 85(2): 265-298.
[18]
SINGH G, SRIVASTAVA A, BOHARA V A, et al. Downlink Performance of Optical Power Domain Noma for Beyond 5G Enabled V2X Networks[J]. IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology, 2021, 2: 235-248.
[19]
ZHANG Q, CHENG J, KARAGIANNIDIS G K. Block Error Rate of Optical Wireless Communication Systems over Atmospheric Turbulence Channels[J]. IET Communications, 2014, 8(5): 616-625.
2025年第卷第1期
PDF下载
196
70
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.19620/j.cnki.1000-3703.20240313
  • 首发时间:2025-11-18
  • 出版时间:2025-01-24
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 修回日期:2024-05-30
基金
*中国科学技术部国家级项目基金(G2021171024L)
陕西省科学技术厅项目(S2022-ZC-GXYZ-0015)
“长安学者”与省级人才支持计划项目(300203110029)
作者信息
    1 长安大学能源与电气工程学院,西安 710018
    2 比亚迪汽车股份有限公司,西安 710018

通讯作者:

李国兴(1994—),讲师,主要从事交通-能源-信息多网融合方面研究工作,
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcjs/CN/10.19620/j.cnki.1000-3703.20240313
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏