Article(id=1217472514058539189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, issueId=1217472509256056911, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20230025, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768197666897, onlineDateStr=2026-01-12, pubDate=1703001600000, pubDateStr=2023-12-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768197666897, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768197666897, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768197666897, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1217472509256056911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, year='2023', volume='', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='66', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768197665752, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768198265668, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1217475025536467895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, issueId=1217472509256056911, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1217475025536467896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, issueId=1217472509256056911, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=62, endPage=66, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1217472514310197436, articleId=1217472514058539189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, language=EN, title=Research on Riveting Process for Multi-Platforms by A Single Robot, columnId=null, journalTitle=Automobile Technology & Material, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Due to the fact that riveting technology is mostly applied for aluminum connection, its application in automotive Body In White (BIW) is limited. To solve the issue of compatibility between riveting process and other basic processes, this paper studied the integration of multiple riveting processes, designed a scheme to achieve multiple riveting processes emplying a single robot, validation analysis was conducted. The integration mainly includes self-piercing riveting process, rivetless self-piercing riveting process and rotary tapping riveting process. Meanwhile this paper also objectively analyzed the post-integration of other processes. The validation results indicate that the integration of multiple riveting processes can improve equipment start-up rate, reduce production costs and energy consumption in a single production cycle.

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由于铆接工艺多用于铝材连接,导致此工艺在汽车白车身上的使用具有局限性,因此在白车身上应用较少。为解决铆接工艺与其他基础工艺的兼容问题,基于此情况进行了多种铆接工艺的整合研究,设计由单一机器人实现多种铆接工艺的方案,并进行验证分析。主要包括自冲铆接工艺、无铆钉自冲铆接工艺、旋转攻丝铆接工艺的整合,同时对其他工艺的后期融合进行了客观分析。验证结果表明,多种铆接工艺整合可以在一个生产节拍中提高设备开动率,降低生产成本和能源消耗。

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周纼标(1993—),男,工程师,学士学位,研究方向为工业机器人。

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周纼标(1993—),男,工程师,学士学位,研究方向为工业机器人。

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周纼标(1993—),男,工程师,学士学位,研究方向为工业机器人。

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1.铆钉与板材接触;2.铆钉快速旋转摩擦生热;3.铆钉穿透板材并减速旋转;4.铆钉减速旋转实现攻丝;5.铆钉持续减速增大扭矩;6.达到设定扭力值停止旋转完成铆接

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对比项 方案1 方案2
经济性 成本低,不需要复杂的连接件 成本高,需要添加辅助设备
设备磨损速度 送钉管直连机器人,机器人运动拖拽送钉管,设备后期磨损快 送钉管固定,不随机器人移动,设备后期无磨损
设备
美观性
送钉管需要在管线包外进行连接,设备工整性及美观性较低 送钉管单独连接填充器,不需要预留机器人活动的长度,较为工整
程序
书写
程序较为简单,不需考虑额外设备 要进行储料器和填充器的程序书写,程序较多
工作
效率
单次工作效率与单一工艺的工作效率相同 单次工作效率与单一工艺的工作效率相同
), ArticleFig(id=1217498532781674555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1217472514058539189, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

方案对比分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
对比项 方案1 方案2
经济性 成本低,不需要复杂的连接件 成本高,需要添加辅助设备
设备磨损速度 送钉管直连机器人,机器人运动拖拽送钉管,设备后期磨损快 送钉管固定,不随机器人移动,设备后期无磨损
设备
美观性
送钉管需要在管线包外进行连接,设备工整性及美观性较低 送钉管单独连接填充器,不需要预留机器人活动的长度,较为工整
程序
书写
程序较为简单,不需考虑额外设备 要进行储料器和填充器的程序书写,程序较多
工作
效率
单次工作效率与单一工艺的工作效率相同 单次工作效率与单一工艺的工作效率相同
), ArticleFig(id=1217498532890726463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1217472514058539189, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
验证项目 验证结果
单次工具切换所需时间 单次工具切换耗时19 s,满足生产需求
储料器设置范围内的最大储料量 最大储存量为43枚铆钉,满足单次生产需求,对于单次生产消耗量较大时,需要提高储料器容量
储料器为空时,填充器单次填充消耗的时间 单次填充消耗时间为16 s,可满足生产节拍较长的生产线需求
统计试用阶段填充器的故障率 实验填充次数为116次,故障次数1次,故障率0.86%,仍有优化空间
铆接质量验证 因未改变铆枪结构,铆接质量未受到影响
), ArticleFig(id=1217498532962029636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1217472514058539189, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

改进项验证

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
验证项目 验证结果
单次工具切换所需时间 单次工具切换耗时19 s,满足生产需求
储料器设置范围内的最大储料量 最大储存量为43枚铆钉,满足单次生产需求,对于单次生产消耗量较大时,需要提高储料器容量
储料器为空时,填充器单次填充消耗的时间 单次填充消耗时间为16 s,可满足生产节拍较长的生产线需求
统计试用阶段填充器的故障率 实验填充次数为116次,故障次数1次,故障率0.86%,仍有优化空间
铆接质量验证 因未改变铆枪结构,铆接质量未受到影响
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周纼标 , 赵建姣 , 孟德峰 , 陈冲
汽车工艺与材料 | 生产装备 2023,(12): 62-66
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汽车工艺与材料 | 生产装备 2023, (12): 62-66
由单一机器人实现多平台铆接工艺的研究
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周纼标, 赵建姣, 孟德峰, 陈冲
作者信息
  • 一汽模具制造有限公司,长春 130013
  • 周纼标(1993—),男,工程师,学士学位,研究方向为工业机器人。

Research on Riveting Process for Multi-Platforms by A Single Robot
Zhenbiao Zhou, Jianjiao Zhao, Defeng Meng, Chong Chen
Affiliations
  • FAW Tooling Die Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Changchun 130013
出版时间: 2023-12-20 doi: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20230025
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由于铆接工艺多用于铝材连接,导致此工艺在汽车白车身上的使用具有局限性,因此在白车身上应用较少。为解决铆接工艺与其他基础工艺的兼容问题,基于此情况进行了多种铆接工艺的整合研究,设计由单一机器人实现多种铆接工艺的方案,并进行验证分析。主要包括自冲铆接工艺、无铆钉自冲铆接工艺、旋转攻丝铆接工艺的整合,同时对其他工艺的后期融合进行了客观分析。验证结果表明,多种铆接工艺整合可以在一个生产节拍中提高设备开动率,降低生产成本和能源消耗。

铆接工艺  /  铝材连接  /  工艺的整合

Due to the fact that riveting technology is mostly applied for aluminum connection, its application in automotive Body In White (BIW) is limited. To solve the issue of compatibility between riveting process and other basic processes, this paper studied the integration of multiple riveting processes, designed a scheme to achieve multiple riveting processes emplying a single robot, validation analysis was conducted. The integration mainly includes self-piercing riveting process, rivetless self-piercing riveting process and rotary tapping riveting process. Meanwhile this paper also objectively analyzed the post-integration of other processes. The validation results indicate that the integration of multiple riveting processes can improve equipment start-up rate, reduce production costs and energy consumption in a single production cycle.

Riveting process  /  Aluminum connection  /  Process integration
周纼标, 赵建姣, 孟德峰, 陈冲. 由单一机器人实现多平台铆接工艺的研究. 汽车工艺与材料, 2023 , (12) : 62 -66 . DOI: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20230025
Zhenbiao Zhou, Jianjiao Zhao, Defeng Meng, Chong Chen. Research on Riveting Process for Multi-Platforms by A Single Robot[J]. Automobile Technology & Material, 2023 , (12) : 62 -66 . DOI: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20230025
目前,汽车白车身自动化生产线工艺分为基础工艺和特殊工艺,基础工艺应用广泛,技术成熟,特殊工艺普遍应用在汽车特殊材料和特殊位置处。特殊工艺受到经济性等条件限制,使用率较低,在一个生产节拍内特殊工艺的设备开动率较低。基于此情况,以铆接设备为例,进行特殊工艺整合的研究工作。通过方案设计,使一台机器人完成多种工艺工作,同时可以继续融合基础工艺,减少机器人的采购数量,降低生产成本。
自冲铆接工艺(Seif Piercing Rivet,SPR)属于铆接的特殊工艺,需要消耗铆钉。SPR工艺工作过程可以分解为3个步骤。步骤1将铆钉输送到铆枪头位置,铆枪夹紧准备铆接;步骤2施加压力,铆钉因压力作用穿透板材,然后通过冲模实现2种混合材料的连接;步骤3铆接结束铆枪离开,如图1所示。
SPR工艺通过铆钉的形变实现2种不同材质材料的连接,具有对材料破坏性小、连接强度高、克服电化学腐蚀等优点,在汽车生产中广泛应用在铝材料与其他材料的连接中。但因其成本较高、不能连接脆性材料、只能使用C型铆枪、铆接点有凸起等导致其使用较少。
无铆钉自冲铆接(Clinch)工艺与SPR工艺类似,都需要冲模来实现2种材料的连接。与自冲铆接工艺不同的是Clinch工艺不需要铆钉,是将带有冲模的铆枪静极臂接触板材,然后动极臂进行冲压动作,从而实现2种混合材料的连接,如图2所示。
旋转攻丝铆接(Flow Drill Screw,FDS)工艺的铆钉通过高频淬火工艺制作而成,在铆接过程中通过旋转摩擦生热,在旋转过程中用较小的扭矩连接2种混合材料。如图3所示,旋转攻丝铆接结束冷却后,需要很大的松开扭矩,使连接更紧固。
进行多工艺整合前需要了解单一工艺的硬件组成,以焊接机器人为例,硬件组成主要包括机器人控制柜、机器人、焊枪、焊接控制柜,如图4所示。以上设备通过Profinet总线进行通讯,实现信号传输并完成自动化工作。
通过快换工具(以史陶比尔快换工具为例)可以解决机器人多工艺整合的问题。在单一工艺机器人的硬件基础上,加入快换工具可以实现工具与机器人分离,进而实现工具切换。工具与机器人的连接包括电源、网络通讯、水气介质,快换工具可实现以上介质的连接和断开。如图5所示,快换工具的组成包括用于向工具侧提供水气介质的气源模块,向工具侧提供380 V焊接电源及24 V模块电源的电源模块,用于确保可以进行工具安全切换的安全模块。只有当安全模块有反馈信号时,才可以进行工具和机器人的分离和连接动作,实现工具的切换。
此课题的工具切换基于快换工具进行调整,铆接工具不同于其他焊接工具,在每个铆接点都需要进行铆钉的传输动作,而不同的铆接工具需要不同规格的铆钉。基于此情况,若想实现铆接工具的切换需要改良送钉管,解决铆钉持续传输的问题,对于送钉管的改良目前制定了2种解决方案。
方案1:通过快换工具进行直连,将送钉管在快换工具处断开,连接工具时送钉管两端接触,实现铆钉的传输工作。
方案2:通过在工具侧添加储料器来储存铆钉,如图6所示,工具脱离后送钉管仍可以工作。在每次工作前后判断储料器是否低于铆钉最少储存量,若储存不足则进行铆钉的填充。
对2种方案的优缺点进行多方面对比分析,如表1所示,经过对比可知,不同规格的铆钉不便于使用同一种铆钉传输方案。FDS工艺的铆钉较长,不宜用储料器进行储存,且较长的铆钉不易在送钉管内发生反转,对送钉管的精度要求较低,方案1更适合FDS铆接设备。SPR工艺的铆钉较短,为避免铆钉在送钉管内发生旋转对设备造成损坏,该工艺适合储料器储存,方案2更适合SPR工艺铆接设备。
此项目研究所用的设备通过Profinet进行通讯,在进行通讯设备的配置时,需要利用Work Visual软件对SPR工艺的填充器和储料器进行I/O信号点模块的配置。如图7所示,选择32字节I/O信号的配置,与单一工艺不同的是输入输出端分别预留1 byte的信号用于储料器、填充器与机器人的交互使用。
对储料器和填充器的通讯模块进行输入和输出的信号点映射,如图8所示,定义机器人与储料器的信号点。只有当储料器出现储料下限报警,同时填充器正常的情况下,才可以进行铆钉的填充工作。
将Work Visual软件做好的项目下载到机器人系统中,并检查机器人与铆接控制器是否通讯成功。如图9所示,在示教器上输出相应的信号点,然后检查铆接控制器是否收到对应的信号点,如果能收到则表示通讯成功。
对储料器和填充器的信号点在机器人系统中的Configdate文件进行变量定义,如图10所示,实现机器人在程序中调用变量名称即可完成与设备的信息交互。
对储料器的填充进行机器人程序的编写,如图11所示。首先需要判断填充器是否准备就绪,只有填充器发出准备就绪信号,机器人才可以执行填充程序。当机器人到达填充位时,启动填充器开始填充,直到收到填充完成信号后,才可以停止填充。若填充过程中出现故障,需要进行故障消除,然后利用程序跳转标签跳转程序继续进行填充,直到填充完成。
对工具切换进行程序编写,如图12所示,在工具与机器人分离前需要将机器人与工具的网络断开。这里用到了2个交互信号点,只有当机器人请求断开网络,然后铆接控制器反馈已断开才可以使机器人与工具分离,若断开故障则提示报警信息,需要检查后继续执行程序实现工具的切换。同样在机器人与工具连接时,仍需要2个信号点交互成功后才可以进行下一步动作。FDS工艺的送钉管采用快换工具直连的方式进行送钉动作,所以不需要进行储料程序的编写,只需编写工具切换程序即可,工具切换程序同SPR工艺相同。
图13为项目功能流程,在每次铆接工作前需要判断储料器情况,若储料器低于设置的下限则进入填充程序。储料器下限值可以根据现场实际生产需求调整,可调节性较高。
对此课题提出的改进项目进行验证,检查其是否满足实际生产需求,并进行记录,如表2所示。
目前国内的白车身连接工艺以电阻点焊工艺为主,部分合资汽车采用Clinch及SPR工艺。虽然国内外使用铆接设备较多,但是多以单一工艺进行使用,多工艺的铆接市场使用量仍然较少。基于目前我国白车身的生产使用较少的铆接工艺的情况下,通过使用多工艺结合的方法可以减少机器人的采购数量,降低能源消耗,减少生产成本,提高设备使用率。此课题研究结果可以应用到具有少量特殊工艺的生产线中,可以与其他基础工艺进行整合,达到降本增效的目的。
2023年第卷第12期
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doi: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20230025
  • 首发时间:2026-01-12
  • 出版时间:2023-12-20
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    一汽模具制造有限公司,长春 130013
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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