Article(id=1217472429774000952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, issueId=1217472424313016972, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20230310, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768197646802, onlineDateStr=2026-01-12, pubDate=1700409600000, pubDateStr=2023-11-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768197646802, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768197646802, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768197646802, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1217472424313016972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, year='2023', volume='', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='72', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768197645500, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768198234284, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1217474893889848235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, issueId=1217472424313016972, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1217474893889848236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, issueId=1217472424313016972, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=18, endPage=21, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1217472430004687691, articleId=1217472429774000952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, language=EN, title=Preliminary Process Study of A Fixed Engine Hood Solution, columnId=null, journalTitle=Automobile Technology & Material, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This paper used the Synchronization Engineering (SE) analysis method to comprehensively evaluate the fixed engine hood scheme, and proposed 2 process schemes, i.e., the traditional scheme of passing through the paint shop using the hinge tooling, and the scheme of passing through the paint shop with the hood fixed and opened at a certain angle. Comparing the impacts of each scheme on manufacturing cost, anti-corrosion impact, deformation impact, appearance impact, assembly impact, etc., it is determined that a certain angle of fixed opening is the optimal scheme. Through the Alsim simulation software, the problems of gas and liquid accumulation of the engine hood after opening at a certain angle, the influence of deformation control and the influence on spraying appearance were analyzed, and the opening angle of 30° was determined as the best scheme.

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利用同步工程(SE)分析方法,对固定式机盖方案进行全面评估,提出了2种工艺方案,即使用铰链工装的传统通过涂装车间方案,与机盖固定开启一定角度通过涂装车间方案。对比各方案对制造成本、防腐影响、变形影响、外观影响、装配影响等,确定固定开启一定角度为最优方案。通过排气沥液仿真软件对开启一定角度后的机盖积气积液问题、变形控制的影响以及对喷涂外观影响进行分析,确定了开启角度30°为最佳方案。

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李波(1985—),男,工程师,学士学位,研究方向为汽车涂装同步工程及仿真。

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李波(1985—),男,工程师,学士学位,研究方向为汽车涂装同步工程及仿真。

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李波(1985—),男,工程师,学士学位,研究方向为汽车涂装同步工程及仿真。

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项目 焊装 涂装 总装 备注
方案1 使用铰链工装连接车身与机盖 传统的通过涂装车间方式 关闭机盖车轮定位→大灯测试→拆卸铰链工装→预固定机盖进行路试→打开机盖检查→再次固定机盖 a. 焊装需要增加铰链工装投入;b. 铰链接触部分无电泳漆覆盖,锈蚀风险极高;c. 总装增加1套机械手、1名操作员和多个支撑夹具
方案2 用金属材料将机盖挂在车内 机盖随车电泳→用铰链工装连接车身与机盖→常规涂胶、喷涂 关闭机盖车轮定位→大灯测试→拆卸铰链工装→预固定机盖进行路试→打开机盖检查→再次固定机盖 a. 固定位置难以保证机盖电泳良好;b. 涂装增加2个工位、4个工人、1套助力设备及额外的铰链工装,电泳过程中发盖尺寸变形难以控制;c. 总装增加1套机械手、1名操作员和多个支撑夹具
方案3 用金属材料将机盖挂在车内 机盖随车电泳→机盖装在喷涂工装挂具上喷涂,与车身分离 机盖分装后装上机盖车轮定位、大灯测试→拆卸铰链工装→预固定机盖进行路试→打开机盖检查→再次固定机盖 a. 固定位置难以保证机盖电泳良好;b. 涂装节拍损失6 JPH,新开发喷涂工装挂具;c. 总装增加1套机械手、1名操作员和多个支撑夹具,新分装台及增加线下转运。
方案4 机盖打开一定角度,固定在治具插销位置(图1 机盖固定打开一定角度通过涂装 取下机盖进行分装,车身同时装配前端模块(FEM)及前大灯等→装配机盖,完成路试→路试后打开机盖固定在治具插孔检查,最后装配机盖 a. 总装进行2次拆卸,新增2名工人进行1次安装;b. 治具插销孔角度越小,机舱内装配、检查等人机工程越差(图2);c. 治具插销孔角度对涂装电泳与喷涂有影响
), ArticleFig(id=1217499134915957520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1217472429774000952, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

4种工艺方案简述

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 焊装 涂装 总装 备注
方案1 使用铰链工装连接车身与机盖 传统的通过涂装车间方式 关闭机盖车轮定位→大灯测试→拆卸铰链工装→预固定机盖进行路试→打开机盖检查→再次固定机盖 a. 焊装需要增加铰链工装投入;b. 铰链接触部分无电泳漆覆盖,锈蚀风险极高;c. 总装增加1套机械手、1名操作员和多个支撑夹具
方案2 用金属材料将机盖挂在车内 机盖随车电泳→用铰链工装连接车身与机盖→常规涂胶、喷涂 关闭机盖车轮定位→大灯测试→拆卸铰链工装→预固定机盖进行路试→打开机盖检查→再次固定机盖 a. 固定位置难以保证机盖电泳良好;b. 涂装增加2个工位、4个工人、1套助力设备及额外的铰链工装,电泳过程中发盖尺寸变形难以控制;c. 总装增加1套机械手、1名操作员和多个支撑夹具
方案3 用金属材料将机盖挂在车内 机盖随车电泳→机盖装在喷涂工装挂具上喷涂,与车身分离 机盖分装后装上机盖车轮定位、大灯测试→拆卸铰链工装→预固定机盖进行路试→打开机盖检查→再次固定机盖 a. 固定位置难以保证机盖电泳良好;b. 涂装节拍损失6 JPH,新开发喷涂工装挂具;c. 总装增加1套机械手、1名操作员和多个支撑夹具,新分装台及增加线下转运。
方案4 机盖打开一定角度,固定在治具插销位置(图1 机盖固定打开一定角度通过涂装 取下机盖进行分装,车身同时装配前端模块(FEM)及前大灯等→装配机盖,完成路试→路试后打开机盖固定在治具插孔检查,最后装配机盖 a. 总装进行2次拆卸,新增2名工人进行1次安装;b. 治具插销孔角度越小,机舱内装配、检查等人机工程越差(图2);c. 治具插销孔角度对涂装电泳与喷涂有影响
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一种固定式机盖方案的前期工艺研究
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李波 , 安敦仁 , 刘连超 , 赵鹏
汽车工艺与材料 | 2023中国汽车工程学会涂装技术分会学术年会优秀论文(选登) 2023,(11): 18-21
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汽车工艺与材料 | 2023中国汽车工程学会涂装技术分会学术年会优秀论文(选登) 2023, (11): 18-21
一种固定式机盖方案的前期工艺研究
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李波, 安敦仁, 刘连超, 赵鹏
作者信息
  • 上海格麟倍科技发展有限公司,上海 201100
  • 李波(1985—),男,工程师,学士学位,研究方向为汽车涂装同步工程及仿真。

Preliminary Process Study of A Fixed Engine Hood Solution
Bo Li, Dunren An, Lianchao Liu, Peng Zhao
Affiliations
  • Shanghai GLB Technology Development Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201100
出版时间: 2023-11-20 doi: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20230310
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利用同步工程(SE)分析方法,对固定式机盖方案进行全面评估,提出了2种工艺方案,即使用铰链工装的传统通过涂装车间方案,与机盖固定开启一定角度通过涂装车间方案。对比各方案对制造成本、防腐影响、变形影响、外观影响、装配影响等,确定固定开启一定角度为最优方案。通过排气沥液仿真软件对开启一定角度后的机盖积气积液问题、变形控制的影响以及对喷涂外观影响进行分析,确定了开启角度30°为最佳方案。

固定式机盖  /  排气沥液仿真  /  开启角度  /  变形  /  喷涂

This paper used the Synchronization Engineering (SE) analysis method to comprehensively evaluate the fixed engine hood scheme, and proposed 2 process schemes, i.e., the traditional scheme of passing through the paint shop using the hinge tooling, and the scheme of passing through the paint shop with the hood fixed and opened at a certain angle. Comparing the impacts of each scheme on manufacturing cost, anti-corrosion impact, deformation impact, appearance impact, assembly impact, etc., it is determined that a certain angle of fixed opening is the optimal scheme. Through the Alsim simulation software, the problems of gas and liquid accumulation of the engine hood after opening at a certain angle, the influence of deformation control and the influence on spraying appearance were analyzed, and the opening angle of 30° was determined as the best scheme.

Fixed hood  /  Alsim simulation  /  Opening angle  /  Deformation  /  Spraying
李波, 安敦仁, 刘连超, 赵鹏. 一种固定式机盖方案的前期工艺研究. 汽车工艺与材料, 2023 , (11) : 18 -21 . DOI: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20230310
Bo Li, Dunren An, Lianchao Liu, Peng Zhao. Preliminary Process Study of A Fixed Engine Hood Solution[J]. Automobile Technology & Material, 2023 , (11) : 18 -21 . DOI: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20230310
近些年,新能源汽车竞争激烈,车型不断推陈出新,燃油车不常采用的新设计、新工艺不断涌现。相较于发动机,纯电动车型的电机结构简单,尺寸小,故障率低,机舱开启频次很低。另外,电动车机舱内存在高压电,出于安全考虑,不主张用户开启。因此,某纯电动多用途车型(MPV)提出固定式机盖设计,即取消机盖铰链,增加机盖固定插销结构,与机盖锁共同固定住机盖,需要使用专用工具才能打开。该方案可降低成本,提高产品竞争力。
固定式机盖制造工艺涉及焊装、涂装和总装,其中的难点在于涂装和总装,为实现固定式机盖方案,提出了4种可行方案,如表1所示。
方案1在焊装阶段安装铰链工装,涂装阶段不需要调整改造,总装阶段拆卸铰链工装,装上机盖固定套件,但此方案最大问题是铰链工装与车身接触面没有电泳漆,即使与内外饰安装孔共用,无法避免腐蚀。为了规避风险,方案2和方案3提出了机盖随车身挂件电泳后,再更换铰链工装或开发喷涂挂具。由于挂件电泳不利于机盖变形控制,难以避免电泳质量问题,挂具喷涂节拍损失大,因此,2种方案仍需改进。方案4(图3)不使用铰链工装,将机盖固定在一个角度进行涂装,满足前处理/电泳、涂胶及喷涂需求,相比前3种方案,对焊装与总装影响很小,但是开启角度仍需进一步验证。
上述4种方案从制造成本、防腐影响、变形影响、外观影响、装配影响进行综合考虑。将影响程度分为6个级别:1级代表影响最小,防腐与外观最优,制造成本最低;6级则代表影响最大,腐蚀风险、变形风险及制造成本等最高。4种方案影响等级对比如图4所示,综合分析最终选择方案4,即机盖打开一定角度固定在治具插销位置,整个涂装工艺流程不改变角度,对总装影响最低。
总装同步工程(Synchronization Engineering,SE)部门反馈,机盖固定角度开启为30~70°可满足总装装配空间需求,而70°是最理想开启角度。接下来,重点分析不同开启角度对涂装相关工段的影响,确定影响最小的开启角度。
白车身进入电泳槽后,白车身内腔残存的气体无法排除,影响电泳漆附着,降低电泳漆上漆率,最终影响车身防腐性能。积液是白车身出电泳槽后自身残留的液体,会导致串槽、电泳不良、电泳流痕及烘烤不良等问题。因此,在空腔结构设计时,应包含排液、排气结构设计。本研究中车型所使用的前处理/电泳生产线,为45°出入槽的摆杆线,结合运用Alsim和Merge仿真软件进行精准仿真,得到白车身内部气泡及电泳残液的分布情况,再结合机盖内板结构,找出合适的机盖开启角度。
排气沥液仿真流程如图5所示,建立与实际生产线相同的运动轨迹直接影响仿真分析的准确性。
在前期SE分析中,提出在内板上增加排气排液孔(图6)。利用排气沥液仿真软件分别对开启30°和70°进行仿真分析,气体均能通过增加的排气孔排出,只是时间上有差异;绝大部分积液能及时排出,局部小的积液结构可通过调整内板进行优化(图7)。因此,整个机盖都能覆盖电泳漆膜,满足防腐要求。
在前处理/电泳时,机盖会受到来自电泳液流体的作用力。主要会受到自身重力、流体阻力、机盖积气引起的浮力、积液引入电泳液的重力的共同作用。根据以往实际电泳拆车经验,机盖在经过电泳后面差增大,严重时甚至影响后续外饰件装配。
对于45°摆杆线而言,机盖开启角度越大,受槽液流体阻力越大。因此,开启角度为30°或70°均需要从工装设计角度降低槽液流体阻力对机盖变形的影响。根据以往车型经验,将电泳工装由中部1点支撑优化为3点支撑(图8)能有效改善流体阻力对机盖变形的影响。
另外,上文已提到使用排气沥液仿真软件,对机盖在泳池中各个阶段的积气、积液进行分析,解决了防腐问题。排气沥液仿真软件能够输出各个时间段机盖上积气位置、轮廓和体积,直观分析在泳池中受到的浮力。分析发现,机盖腔体内的积气面积随开启角度变大而加增大,排出时间随开启角度变大而增长(图9),开启角度为70°时,受浮力影响最大。因此,从变形控制的角度,开启30°更有利于变形控制。
开启角度为70°时,机盖就像一堵墙立在前风挡区域(图10),在门框区域进行内喷时,漆雾颗粒飞散到机盖外表面,造成色差、颗粒等质量问题。从机盖外板漆膜质量控制角度来说,机盖开启角度越小越好。
内板模拟喷涂发现,前盖内板后侧区域与插销撑板背面喷涂困难(图11)。将插销长度加长40 mm,从而使机盖X向前移30 mm,机盖后空间变大,喷涂角度变大,后部区域机器人可进行喷涂。撑板背面喷涂有所改善,对标有铰链车型,与铰链遮挡区域类似,经质量评估,固定式机盖撑板喷涂状态可接受。
通过排气沥液仿真软件对开启一定角度后的机盖积气积液问题、变形控制的影响以及对喷涂外观影响的分析,确定了开启角度为30°为最佳方案。
此次固定式机盖方案开发,在SE阶段有效识别出可能存在的各项问题,借助排气沥液仿真软件对积气积液位置与体量进行了准确的分析,通过积气积液时间对不同开启角度情况下的变形风险进行分析,后续主要改进如下。
a.在变形影响分析中存在局限性,后续项目可借助专业流体仿真分析软件Simerics对白车身在电泳过程中电泳液的流场状态进行分析,可分析机盖表面在不同开启角度下的受力分布。借助传统结构分析软件,将流固耦合边界条件合并导入,综合分析车身结构、焊接、铆接工艺以及电泳工艺对钣金变形的影响;
b.在喷涂影响分析中,后续项目可借助IPS软件的Spray与Robotics模块进行仿真分析。
2023年第卷第11期
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doi: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20230310
  • 首发时间:2026-01-12
  • 出版时间:2023-11-20
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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