Article(id=1217471531421193096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, issueId=1217471527579205782, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20230263, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768197432618, onlineDateStr=2026-01-12, pubDate=1697731200000, pubDateStr=2023-10-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768197432618, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768197432618, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768197432618, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1217471527579205782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, year='2023', volume='', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='72', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768197431702, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768198199307, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1217474747227623941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, issueId=1217471527579205782, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1217474747231818246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, issueId=1217471527579205782, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=45, endPage=51, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1217471531760931723, articleId=1217471531421193096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, language=EN, title=Research on Introduction and Application of Double Base Process of Color Paint, columnId=null, journalTitle=Automobile Technology & Material, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
This paper refined, analyzed and studied the important and difficult issues in the color development and application of automotive body color double base process. At the initial stage of introduction, the paper compared and analyzed the difference between the double base process of color paint and the ordinary single base process, then analyzed the characteristics of a typical case of the double base process of matching color paint (red flame and red color), and determined the key points of the biotechnical test of the double base process of color paint and the difficult issues that will appear in the application stage, which mainly including 3 difficult issues, i.e. the B column color difference, paint repair difficulties and color matching, then measures were given for different stages of color development. This paper sorted out the application points, difficulties and effective countermeasures of the development of double base process of color paint.
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对车身色漆双基（Base）工艺的颜色开发和应用过程中的重难点课题进行提炼、分析和研究，在导入初期首先对色漆双Base工艺与普通单Base工艺的不同进行了对比分析，再对匹配色漆双Base工艺的一个典型案例（赤焰红颜色）的特性进行分析，并确定了色漆双Base工艺生技性测试要点和应用阶段会出现的难点课题，主要为B立柱色差、补漆加修困难和部品对色3个重难点课题，之后对颜色开发的不同阶段进行了针对性施策。重点梳理了色漆双Base工艺的开发的应用要点、难点解析及有效对策。
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王杰（1989—），女，工程师，学士学位，研究方向为新色在汽车上的导入及应用。
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王杰（1989—），女，工程师，学士学位，研究方向为新色在汽车上的导入及应用。
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王杰（1989—），女，工程师，学士学位，研究方向为新色在汽车上的导入及应用。
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18(1): 1-4., articleTitle=三涂层珠光漆的工艺调试及色差控制, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217499047091421253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1217471531421193096, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=17, issue=9, pageStart=1, pageEnd=4, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=杨学岩, 周维, journalName=现代涂料与涂装, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杨学岩, 周维. 色差的测量和评定方法及应用[J].
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| 色漆工艺 | 单Base | 双Base |
| 第1层 | 色漆A | 素色漆（CB） | 闪光漆（MB） |
| 第2层 | 色漆A | 闪光漆（MB） | 素色漆（CB） |
| 颜色呈现效果 | 素色漆、闪光漆 | 强光下目视，闪光材质较强且在涂料表层 | 强光下目视，闪光材质在涂料内层（由内而外） |
), ArticleFig(id=1217499046097371159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1217471531421193096, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
色漆双Base与单Base工艺对比
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| 色漆工艺 | 单Base | 双Base |
| 第1层 | 色漆A | 素色漆（CB） | 闪光漆（MB） |
| 第2层 | 色漆A | 闪光漆（MB） | 素色漆（CB） |
| 颜色呈现效果 | 素色漆、闪光漆 | 强光下目视，闪光材质较强且在涂料表层 | 强光下目视，闪光材质在涂料内层（由内而外） |
), ArticleFig(id=1217499046181257244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1217471531421193096, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 涂层 | 测试项目 | 评价基准 |
| 外装 | 性能要求（包含耐候性、耐水性等） | 满足性能要求 |
| 施工窗口 | 在各生产管理测试要件下，涂膜无针孔、流挂、失光、开裂、凹陷等异常,各部位满足G20°≥80（代表入射光的反射率为80%） |
| 色差 | 不同光源下，测试板与标准板之间对比色相、粒子感无异常 |
| 漆雾流平性 | 涂膜无针孔、流挂、失光、开裂、凹陷 |
| 修补和重涂色差 | 修补、重涂目视无色差，耐冲击和抗石击合格；初期和耐水附着力合格,涂膜无针孔流挂、失光、开裂、凹陷 |
| 副资材配套性 | 与各种胶、液态膜、抛光材料、防锈底漆配套无异常 |
| 耐黄变性 | 140 ℃×90 min烘烤，黄变值Δb≤0.5 |
| 梯度膜厚下附着力 | BC1（底涂）/BC2（色漆）/CC（清漆）梯度膜厚变化条件下，一次涂膜、重涂、修补组合条件下附着力合格 |
| 作业极限膜厚 | 针孔流挂膜厚度大于测试样件上限 |
外观
商品性 | 桔皮 | 标准测试条件下，各粗糙度下，无明显桔皮 |
| 光泽 | 标准测试条件下，各粗糙度下，无明显光泽不良 |
色相
稳定性 | 不同温度、湿度条件 | 在低温高湿、高温低湿等极限温湿度条件下（根据主机厂涂装温湿度窗口进行设定，如28 ℃×60%湿度）的颜色，与标准温湿度的颜色无明显差异 |
| 不同膜厚条件 | 在膜厚管理上限、下限时的颜色，同标准膜厚的颜色差异小 |
| 研磨遮蔽性 | 在生产下限膜厚时，无研磨痕迹、色斑 |
| 循环稳定性(配管合适和耐压性） | 色差在标准范围内，与标准板目视对比无明显的差别，颗粒无明显增多 |
| 烤炉烘烤异常 | 160 ℃×90 min烘烤，冲击和附着力性能合格，耐黄变Δb≤0.5 |
| 内装 | 性能要求 | 满足性能要求 |
| 色差 | 内外装无明显色差 |
| 漆雾流平性 | 涂膜无针孔、流挂、失光、开裂、凹陷 |
| 副资材配套性 | 与各种胶、抛光材料、防锈底漆配套无异常 |
| 梯度膜厚下附着力 | BC2（色漆）/CC（清漆），BC2梯度膜厚变化条件下，梯度涂膜、重涂、返修组合条件下附着力合格 |
| 作业极限膜厚 | 针孔流挂膜厚比生产上限更厚 |
| 色相安定性 | 不同膜厚条件 | 在量产实绩膜厚上下限时的颜色，同标准膜厚的颜色无明显差异 |
| 研磨遮蔽性 | 在生产下限膜厚时，无研磨痕迹、色斑 |
), ArticleFig(id=1217499046302892063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1217471531421193096, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
赤焰红颜色生技性测试项目及判定基准
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 涂层 | 测试项目 | 评价基准 |
| 外装 | 性能要求（包含耐候性、耐水性等） | 满足性能要求 |
| 施工窗口 | 在各生产管理测试要件下，涂膜无针孔、流挂、失光、开裂、凹陷等异常,各部位满足G20°≥80（代表入射光的反射率为80%） |
| 色差 | 不同光源下，测试板与标准板之间对比色相、粒子感无异常 |
| 漆雾流平性 | 涂膜无针孔、流挂、失光、开裂、凹陷 |
| 修补和重涂色差 | 修补、重涂目视无色差，耐冲击和抗石击合格；初期和耐水附着力合格,涂膜无针孔流挂、失光、开裂、凹陷 |
| 副资材配套性 | 与各种胶、液态膜、抛光材料、防锈底漆配套无异常 |
| 耐黄变性 | 140 ℃×90 min烘烤，黄变值Δb≤0.5 |
| 梯度膜厚下附着力 | BC1（底涂）/BC2（色漆）/CC（清漆）梯度膜厚变化条件下，一次涂膜、重涂、修补组合条件下附着力合格 |
| 作业极限膜厚 | 针孔流挂膜厚度大于测试样件上限 |
外观
商品性 | 桔皮 | 标准测试条件下，各粗糙度下，无明显桔皮 |
| 光泽 | 标准测试条件下，各粗糙度下，无明显光泽不良 |
色相
稳定性 | 不同温度、湿度条件 | 在低温高湿、高温低湿等极限温湿度条件下（根据主机厂涂装温湿度窗口进行设定，如28 ℃×60%湿度）的颜色，与标准温湿度的颜色无明显差异 |
| 不同膜厚条件 | 在膜厚管理上限、下限时的颜色，同标准膜厚的颜色差异小 |
| 研磨遮蔽性 | 在生产下限膜厚时，无研磨痕迹、色斑 |
| 循环稳定性(配管合适和耐压性） | 色差在标准范围内，与标准板目视对比无明显的差别，颗粒无明显增多 |
| 烤炉烘烤异常 | 160 ℃×90 min烘烤，冲击和附着力性能合格，耐黄变Δb≤0.5 |
| 内装 | 性能要求 | 满足性能要求 |
| 色差 | 内外装无明显色差 |
| 漆雾流平性 | 涂膜无针孔、流挂、失光、开裂、凹陷 |
| 副资材配套性 | 与各种胶、抛光材料、防锈底漆配套无异常 |
| 梯度膜厚下附着力 | BC2（色漆）/CC（清漆），BC2梯度膜厚变化条件下，梯度涂膜、重涂、返修组合条件下附着力合格 |
| 作业极限膜厚 | 针孔流挂膜厚比生产上限更厚 |
| 色相安定性 | 不同膜厚条件 | 在量产实绩膜厚上下限时的颜色，同标准膜厚的颜色无明显差异 |
| 研磨遮蔽性 | 在生产下限膜厚时，无研磨痕迹、色斑 |
), ArticleFig(id=1217499046407749669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1217471531421193096, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 课题 | 影响因素 | 对策 |
| 颜色稳定性 | 色漆双Base工艺2个涂层的颜色受膜厚影响较大 | 总结单层膜厚变动对复合涂膜颜色影响规律 |
| 涂料飞溅色差 | 内装涂料与外装MB和CB的颜色差异均较大，外装喷涂时通过缝隙飞溅至内装造成色差 | a.减少涂料飞溅（涂装机器人示教等）；
b.色差处少量补喷 |
| 内外装色差 | 内装涂料与外装MB和CB的颜色差异较大 | 在满足遮盖膜厚要求的前提下，内装涂料明度和色相向外装靠近 |
| 加修（补漆） | 修补漆与上涂色漆一样，外装2种，内装1种，人工补漆更难控制膜厚波动对色差的影响 | a.修补漆调色（如提升MB遮盖力和CB明度）；
b.提高修补手法和习熟度 |
| 部品对色 | 部品涂料均是溶剂型涂料，开发时使用的原料、颜料等与水性涂料不同，而且部品底材为聚丙烯（英文全称polypropylene，简称PP）或ABS塑料（由丙烯腈(A)、丁二烯(B)、苯乙烯(S)3种单体的三元共聚物）等材质，车身则为钢板 | 1、对比分析部品涂料开发工艺（单Base/双Base）；
2、确认部品与车身颜色一致性（实车匹配对色） |
), ArticleFig(id=1217499046479052839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1217471531421193096, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
赤焰红颜色难点分析及对策
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 课题 | 影响因素 | 对策 |
| 颜色稳定性 | 色漆双Base工艺2个涂层的颜色受膜厚影响较大 | 总结单层膜厚变动对复合涂膜颜色影响规律 |
| 涂料飞溅色差 | 内装涂料与外装MB和CB的颜色差异均较大，外装喷涂时通过缝隙飞溅至内装造成色差 | a.减少涂料飞溅（涂装机器人示教等）；
b.色差处少量补喷 |
| 内外装色差 | 内装涂料与外装MB和CB的颜色差异较大 | 在满足遮盖膜厚要求的前提下，内装涂料明度和色相向外装靠近 |
| 加修（补漆） | 修补漆与上涂色漆一样，外装2种，内装1种，人工补漆更难控制膜厚波动对色差的影响 | a.修补漆调色（如提升MB遮盖力和CB明度）；
b.提高修补手法和习熟度 |
| 部品对色 | 部品涂料均是溶剂型涂料，开发时使用的原料、颜料等与水性涂料不同，而且部品底材为聚丙烯（英文全称polypropylene，简称PP）或ABS塑料（由丙烯腈(A)、丁二烯(B)、苯乙烯(S)3种单体的三元共聚物）等材质，车身则为钢板 | 1、对比分析部品涂料开发工艺（单Base/双Base）；
2、确认部品与车身颜色一致性（实车匹配对色） |
), ArticleFig(id=1217499046541967402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1217471531421193096, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| B立柱补喷方案 | 预估效果 | 次生问题点 | 可行性验证 |
| B立柱安装挡板测试+补喷外装CB | 使用挡板挡住外装MB和CB的飞溅 | 需重新制作治具，需要新增费用、人员安装、夹具清洗，可能因为拆装夹具造成碰痕 | 不可行 |
| 门开度减少测试+补喷外装CB | 飞溅色差减少 | 原红色进行了门开度减小测试，飞溅色差无明显改善，另外很容易出现碰触痕等问题 | 不可行 |
| 补喷内装涂料测试 | 内装色差均匀 | 内装补喷后发黑，与不补喷位置存在色差/补喷范围较大/后门内装与后翼子板存在内外装色差 | 不可行 |
| 门开度加大测试+补喷外装CB | 来源于其它据点的经验，使外装色漆飞溅到B立柱位置更均匀，人工补喷更容易 | 需进行BC1/BC2内装/BC2枪距等重新示教，飞溅面积变大，人工补喷面积变大 | 不可行 |
| 内装涂料调整（明度L值向外装靠近） | 内装明度与外装越接近，飞溅色差越小 | 需进行内装遮盖力验证及内装施工膜厚验证 | 可行 |
| BC1/BC2示教+少量补外装CB习熟 | 示教后飞溅减少，习熟后补喷更均匀 | 无 | 可行 |
), ArticleFig(id=1217499046613270573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1217471531421193096, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
B立柱色差方案检讨及可行性分析验证
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| B立柱补喷方案 | 预估效果 | 次生问题点 | 可行性验证 |
| B立柱安装挡板测试+补喷外装CB | 使用挡板挡住外装MB和CB的飞溅 | 需重新制作治具，需要新增费用、人员安装、夹具清洗，可能因为拆装夹具造成碰痕 | 不可行 |
| 门开度减少测试+补喷外装CB | 飞溅色差减少 | 原红色进行了门开度减小测试，飞溅色差无明显改善，另外很容易出现碰触痕等问题 | 不可行 |
| 补喷内装涂料测试 | 内装色差均匀 | 内装补喷后发黑，与不补喷位置存在色差/补喷范围较大/后门内装与后翼子板存在内外装色差 | 不可行 |
| 门开度加大测试+补喷外装CB | 来源于其它据点的经验，使外装色漆飞溅到B立柱位置更均匀，人工补喷更容易 | 需进行BC1/BC2内装/BC2枪距等重新示教，飞溅面积变大，人工补喷面积变大 | 不可行 |
| 内装涂料调整（明度L值向外装靠近） | 内装明度与外装越接近，飞溅色差越小 | 需进行内装遮盖力验证及内装施工膜厚验证 | 可行 |
| BC1/BC2示教+少量补外装CB习熟 | 示教后飞溅减少，习熟后补喷更均匀 | 无 | 可行 |
), ArticleFig(id=1217499046701350963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1217471531421193096, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 修补对象 | 修补方案 | 效果 | 次生问题点 | 评价结果 |
| A3/A4板 | 对照色漆双Base的珍珠白颜色的修补方案进行加修 | a. 色漆与清漆有抛光接头；b. MB覆盖力不足；c. CB泛银，覆盖不住MB；d. 修补处色差明显 | 同左，主要问题在于修补色差明显 | 不合格 |
| A3/A4板 | 针对前期出现的问题点进行修补对应（使用消痕水、手法、膜厚改善） | 修补与未修补部位接痕消除 | 修补色差明显 | 不合格 |
| A3/A4板 | 修补漆调色（CB明度提升/MB遮盖力提升）+手法改善 | 修补色差较之前有较大改善，接痕消失 | 使用板子补喷面积太大，无法准确判定色差对比情况，下一步使用车身进行确认 | 不合格 |
| 修补训练车 | 针对板子出现的问题点进行对应+熟练度训练+手法提升 | 修补状态较好 | 无 | 合格 |
| 面板 | 按量产标准进行 | 修补状态较好 | 无 | 合格 |
| 试制车 | 按量产标准进行 | 修补状态良好 | 无 | 合格 |
), ArticleFig(id=1217499046793625655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1217471531421193096, language=CN, label=表5, caption=
加修改善方案及评价结果
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| 修补对象 | 修补方案 | 效果 | 次生问题点 | 评价结果 |
| A3/A4板 | 对照色漆双Base的珍珠白颜色的修补方案进行加修 | a. 色漆与清漆有抛光接头；b. MB覆盖力不足；c. CB泛银，覆盖不住MB；d. 修补处色差明显 | 同左，主要问题在于修补色差明显 | 不合格 |
| A3/A4板 | 针对前期出现的问题点进行修补对应（使用消痕水、手法、膜厚改善） | 修补与未修补部位接痕消除 | 修补色差明显 | 不合格 |
| A3/A4板 | 修补漆调色（CB明度提升/MB遮盖力提升）+手法改善 | 修补色差较之前有较大改善，接痕消失 | 使用板子补喷面积太大，无法准确判定色差对比情况，下一步使用车身进行确认 | 不合格 |
| 修补训练车 | 针对板子出现的问题点进行对应+熟练度训练+手法提升 | 修补状态较好 | 无 | 合格 |
| 面板 | 按量产标准进行 | 修补状态较好 | 无 | 合格 |
| 试制车 | 按量产标准进行 | 修补状态良好 | 无 | 合格 |
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