Article(id=1217471530997568391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, issueId=1217471527579205782, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20230023, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768197432516, onlineDateStr=2026-01-12, pubDate=1697731200000, pubDateStr=2023-10-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768197432516, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768197432516, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768197432516, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1217471527579205782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, year='2023', volume='', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='72', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768197431702, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768198199307, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1217474747227623941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, issueId=1217471527579205782, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1217474747231818246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, issueId=1217471527579205782, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=63, endPage=67, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1217471531693822858, articleId=1217471530997568391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, language=EN, title=Corrosion Behavior of Hot Rolled Steel Plate under Enhanced Corrosion Test for Automobile, columnId=null, journalTitle=Automobile Technology & Material, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The corrosion behavior of hot rolled steel plate (SPHC) under enhanced corrosion test condition of automobile was studied. The morphology, composition and phase of corroded surface of SPHC steel after 7, 11 and 19 days of test were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) and X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD). The results show that the corrosion rate of SPHC presents a nonlinear change with the test time under the enhanced corrosion test condition of automobile. When the test was from 3 to 7 days, the corrosion rate increased sharply first, and Fe2O3 was formed on the surface, which accelerated the initial corrosion. When the test reached the 11th day, the corrosion rate began to drop to a low point, Fe2O3 and protective α-FeOOH were formed on the etched surface. At this time, the rust layer was relatively dense, which enhanced the corrosion resistance of SPHC. When the test reached the 14th days, the corrosion rate began to show an upward trend, the corrosion products such as Fe2O3, trace amounts of α-FeOOH and Fe3O4 were generated on the surface of SPHC. At this time, the rust layer was peeling off and the corrosion was more serious.

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研究了热轧钢板(SPHC)在汽车强化腐蚀试验工况下的腐蚀行为,并采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X-射线衍射仪(XRD)分析了SPHC钢经历7天、11天、19天试验后的腐蚀面的微观形貌、成分和物相。结果表明,在汽车强化腐蚀试验工况下,SPHC钢的腐蚀速率随着试验时间呈现非线性变化,当试验3~7天时,腐蚀速率先急剧增大,表面生成Fe2O3,此时为初期加速腐蚀;当试验到11天时,腐蚀速率开始下降到低点,腐蚀面生成Fe2O3和具有保护性的α-FeOOH,此时锈层较为致密,增强了SPHC钢的耐蚀性;当试验到14天时,腐蚀速率开始呈现上升的趋势,SPHC钢表面生成Fe2O3、微量的α-FeOOH和Fe3O4等腐蚀产物,此时锈层剥落,腐蚀更为严重。

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陈伟(1992—),男,工程师,硕士学位,研究方向为汽车强化腐蚀耐久测试研究。

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陈伟(1992—),男,工程师,硕士学位,研究方向为汽车强化腐蚀耐久测试研究。

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陈伟(1992—),男,工程师,硕士学位,研究方向为汽车强化腐蚀耐久测试研究。

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牌号 C Mn Si P S Alt Fe
SPHC 0.05~0.06 0.21~0.24 0.01 0.013 0.004 0.038 余量
), ArticleFig(id=1217499048601370705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1217471530997568391, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

SPHC的主要化学成分(质量分数) %

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牌号 C Mn Si P S Alt Fe
SPHC 0.05~0.06 0.21~0.24 0.01 0.013 0.004 0.038 余量
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汽车强化腐蚀试验时间/天 O Fe
7 29.71 70.29
11 35.16 64.84
14 46.92 53.08
), ArticleFig(id=1217499048785920086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1217471530997568391, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

碳钢在腐蚀面区域的主要元素成分(质量分数) %

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汽车强化腐蚀试验时间/天 O Fe
7 29.71 70.29
11 35.16 64.84
14 46.92 53.08
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汽车强化腐蚀试验工况下热轧钢板的腐蚀行为
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陈伟 , 郭晓亮 , 张宝 , 张路杨 , 杨金黎
汽车工艺与材料 | 材料应用 2023,(10): 63-67
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汽车工艺与材料 | 材料应用 2023, (10): 63-67
汽车强化腐蚀试验工况下热轧钢板的腐蚀行为
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陈伟, 郭晓亮, 张宝, 张路杨, 杨金黎
作者信息
  • 中汽研汽车检验中心(呼伦贝尔)有限公司,呼伦贝尔 021000
  • 陈伟(1992—),男,工程师,硕士学位,研究方向为汽车强化腐蚀耐久测试研究。

Corrosion Behavior of Hot Rolled Steel Plate under Enhanced Corrosion Test for Automobile
Wei Chen, Xiaoliang Guo, Bao Zhang, Luyang Zhang, Jinli Yang
Affiliations
  • CATARC Automotive Test Center (Hulun Buir) Co., Ltd., Hulun Buir 021000
出版时间: 2023-10-20 doi: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20230023
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研究了热轧钢板(SPHC)在汽车强化腐蚀试验工况下的腐蚀行为,并采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X-射线衍射仪(XRD)分析了SPHC钢经历7天、11天、19天试验后的腐蚀面的微观形貌、成分和物相。结果表明,在汽车强化腐蚀试验工况下,SPHC钢的腐蚀速率随着试验时间呈现非线性变化,当试验3~7天时,腐蚀速率先急剧增大,表面生成Fe2O3,此时为初期加速腐蚀;当试验到11天时,腐蚀速率开始下降到低点,腐蚀面生成Fe2O3和具有保护性的α-FeOOH,此时锈层较为致密,增强了SPHC钢的耐蚀性;当试验到14天时,腐蚀速率开始呈现上升的趋势,SPHC钢表面生成Fe2O3、微量的α-FeOOH和Fe3O4等腐蚀产物,此时锈层剥落,腐蚀更为严重。

SPHC  /  汽车强化腐蚀  /  腐蚀行为

The corrosion behavior of hot rolled steel plate (SPHC) under enhanced corrosion test condition of automobile was studied. The morphology, composition and phase of corroded surface of SPHC steel after 7, 11 and 19 days of test were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) and X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD). The results show that the corrosion rate of SPHC presents a nonlinear change with the test time under the enhanced corrosion test condition of automobile. When the test was from 3 to 7 days, the corrosion rate increased sharply first, and Fe2O3 was formed on the surface, which accelerated the initial corrosion. When the test reached the 11th day, the corrosion rate began to drop to a low point, Fe2O3 and protective α-FeOOH were formed on the etched surface. At this time, the rust layer was relatively dense, which enhanced the corrosion resistance of SPHC. When the test reached the 14th days, the corrosion rate began to show an upward trend, the corrosion products such as Fe2O3, trace amounts of α-FeOOH and Fe3O4 were generated on the surface of SPHC. At this time, the rust layer was peeling off and the corrosion was more serious.

SPHC  /  Enhanced corrosion of automobile  /  Corrosion behavior
陈伟, 郭晓亮, 张宝, 张路杨, 杨金黎. 汽车强化腐蚀试验工况下热轧钢板的腐蚀行为. 汽车工艺与材料, 2023 , (10) : 63 -67 . DOI: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20230023
Wei Chen, Xiaoliang Guo, Bao Zhang, Luyang Zhang, Jinli Yang. Corrosion Behavior of Hot Rolled Steel Plate under Enhanced Corrosion Test for Automobile[J]. Automobile Technology & Material, 2023 , (10) : 63 -67 . DOI: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20230023
随着国内汽车工业的迅速发展,用户的关注点也从安全性和节能性逐渐增加到对外观、耐用性以及使用寿命,其中汽车腐蚀问题就是影响其外观和使用周期的主要因素之一[1-4]。近年来,许多国内汽车品牌的腐蚀问题频繁发生,造成大量的经济损失,同时影响汽车使用寿命,严重时会造成交通事故[5-7]。因此,国内主机厂也在汽车材料防腐方面投入了大量的研发成本[8-13],为了缩短腐蚀研发周期,通常委托国内整车腐蚀测试第三方机构按照相应的乘用车强化腐蚀测试规范进行加速腐蚀试验[14-18],该试验一般在试验场地内进行,每天通过盐雾通道、灰尘路、碎石路、可靠性路段以及高温高湿环境仓存放等工况内容模拟车辆在实际环境中性的耐腐蚀性能,该试验周期至少为60天,模拟车辆在实际使用3年、6年和10年后的腐蚀状态。目前,大多数汽车的主要组成材料为钢铁,其在温度、湿度、光照等大气环境因素的影响下极易发生腐蚀。很多学者开展了碳钢在静态大气下的暴露试验或者碳钢零部件在室内静态下的加速腐蚀试验[19-22],这些方法虽然可以真实反映出静态的钢铁产品的耐腐蚀性能,但不能反映出碳钢在动态中的腐蚀状况,而且国内在碳钢动态下的腐蚀状态研究相对较少[23-24]
相较于静态加速试验,汽车在动态行驶过程中影响因素更为复杂,碳钢的服役环境更加复杂,尤其是对腐蚀的影响较大的行驶频率和速度,本文以汽车常用的热轧钢板(Steel Plate Heat Commercial,SPHC)为研究对象,探究其在汽车强化腐蚀试验工况下的腐蚀速率、微观形貌、腐蚀产物以及锈层形貌等腐蚀行为,为车用碳钢材料改善耐蚀性提供一定的数据参数,也为将来以碳钢作为腐蚀标准块标定中国各地区车辆使用过程中的腐蚀行为提供参考依据。
本研究中所选材料均为SPHC,该钢材属于低碳钢,常被用于汽车制造,其化学成分如表1所示。本试验通过线切割的方式将材料加工成50.8 mm×25.4 mm×3.18 mm(长×宽×厚)的试样板,在试样板中心钻一个直径为6.4 mm的孔以方便固定,图1为其外观与尺寸的示意。采用SiC粗砂纸去除表面的氧化皮,然后再用细砂纸反复打磨,最后将打磨好的试样依次进行丙酮除油、酒精清洗烘干并放入干燥箱中备用。采用精度为0.000 1 g的分析天平称量干燥后试样的原始质量。
汽车强化腐蚀试验方法依据QC/T 732—2005 《乘用车强化腐蚀试验方法》进行,如图2a所示,在汽车底盘下方粘贴支架,然后将上述的SPHC钢搭载在支架之上,随车进行动态试验,试验以24 h为1个循环,车辆以不同的速度在强化耐久道路上行驶约4 h,行驶里程约为140 km,包含高速环道、灰尘路、碎石路以及各种可靠性道路,在此期间总共通过9次质量分数为0.5%的NaCl溶液盐雾通道,然后驶入如图2b所示的温湿度环境仓内静置20 h,其中高温高湿阶段(50 ℃,相对湿度95%)为8 h,自然环境存放阶段(23 ℃,相对湿度50%)为12 h。试验共计进行19天,分别收集3天、7天、11天、19天的碳钢板材,然后将上述碳钢板材采用喷砂机除锈的方式去除表面的锈层,酒精清洗后采用精度为0.000 1 g的分析天平称量腐蚀后的质量,计算出腐蚀失质量记为ΔM,腐蚀速率Wr为:
W r = Δ M S ρ t
式中,S为试样的暴露面积;t为暴露时间;ρ为试样密度。
对于腐蚀后的碳钢试样,首先采用JSM-7001F型扫描电镜(Canning Electron Microscope,SEM)及其附带的Inca Energy 350型能谱仪(Energy Dispersive Spectrometer,EDS)分析碳钢锈层表面和亚表面的形貌和微观区域成分。利用D/Max-2500/pc型X射线衍射仪(X-ray Powder Diffractometer,XRD)进行碳钢腐蚀面锈层的物相分析,其中主要测试参数为:电流200 mA、电压40 kV、衍射角范围10~90˚、衍射速度5˚/min。
图3为SPHC钢在汽车强化腐蚀试验条件下的腐蚀质量损失和腐蚀速率变化。从图3a中可以看出,SPHC钢在汽车强化腐蚀试验条件下的腐蚀质量损失随着试验时间的增长而增长。
图3b中可以看出,SPHC钢的腐蚀速率与时间呈非线性变化,当试验进行到3~7天时,碳钢的腐蚀速率不断上升,原因可能是SPHC钢在开始时表面发生局部腐蚀,这种很薄或者不全面的腐蚀产物进一步增大了表面的粗糙度,从而为盐水、灰尘等腐蚀介质的沉积提供了条件,进而加速了基体破坏,加速腐蚀[23]。而随着时间超过7天达到11天时,腐蚀速率呈现下降的趋势,原因可能是腐蚀产物不断堆积,锈层厚度也不断增加,在一定程度上延缓了腐蚀介质向内部基体的扩散,即锈层对基体产生了一定的保护作用。最后当试验进行到19天时,碳钢的腐蚀速率又开始急剧上升,原因可能是腐蚀产物的不断堆积使表面的锈层开始变得稀松,甚至可能出现剥落的现象,导致碳钢表面的盐水等杂质进一步浸入,且碳钢表面完全腐蚀后会十分粗糙,进一步加剧了腐蚀。下文对试验了7天、11天、19天后的SPHC钢试样进一步分析。
图4为SPHC钢在汽车强化试验条件下的表面微观形貌。从图4a中可以看出,碳钢在经历7天的强化腐蚀试验后,基体表面非常粗糙,局部出现开裂,基本完全腐蚀,此时腐蚀产物无法阻止盐水、灰尘等腐蚀介质进一步向基体扩散,同时也为这些腐蚀介质的沉积提供了条件,一定程度上加重了材料的腐蚀。从图4b中可以看出,碳钢在经历11天的动态强化腐蚀试验后,基体表面变得比较光滑致密,局部出现裂纹,此时的腐蚀产物不断堆积,锈层开始变厚聚集,在某种程度上阻止了盐水、灰尘等腐蚀介质进一步向基体扩散,此时这些腐蚀介质的沉积附着能力变弱,锈层对基体起到了保护作用,解释了上文中试验11天时,SPHC钢的腐蚀速率最低的原因。从图4c中可以看出,碳钢在经历19天的试验后,基体表面裂纹变多,腐蚀产物出现剥落的状况,说明此时的锈层在达到一定厚度时,外表面会变得非常的稀松、不致密,不再对基体产生保护作用,锈层脱落后的基体表面更易沉积盐水、灰尘等腐蚀介质,从而腐蚀速率也开始急剧上升。
表2为SPHC钢在上述腐蚀面区域经EDS分析后的主要元素成分,碳钢在汽车强化腐蚀试验7天后,腐蚀表面的氧含量为29.71%,局部产生了大量的氧化腐蚀产物,此时碳钢腐蚀相对严重。当碳钢试验11天后,此时腐蚀表面的氧含量为(质量分数)35.16%,说明此时也出现了更多的氧化腐蚀产物。随着强化腐蚀试验达到14天后,腐蚀面的氧含量再度上升,达到(质量分数)46.92%,说明此时的基体开始大量生成氧化腐蚀产物。
图5为碳钢在汽车强化腐蚀条件下的腐蚀面XRD图谱。从图中可以看出,碳钢在试验7天后,表面仍检测出大量的Fe,这是由于碳钢在腐蚀初期表面生成的产物不够完全,非均匀腐蚀导致部分区域仍有大量的Fe基体暴露出来,而此时腐蚀面主要生成的产物为Fe2O3。而当试验进行到11天后,碳钢表面除了生成了Fe2O3,也检测出部分α-FeOOH,具有保护性α-FeOOH的生成使得锈层变得更加稳定[23-24],在一定程度上也阻碍了基体进一步腐蚀。当试验进行到19天时,碳钢表面除了生成Fe2O3和微量的α-FeOOH外,表面也检测出Fe3O4,说明此时腐蚀已经变得非常严重,这也进一步验证了上文中此时碳钢的腐蚀速率再次加快的趋势。
在汽车强化腐蚀试验工况下,SPHC钢的腐蚀质量损失随着试验时间的增长而增长。而SPHC钢的腐蚀速率与试验时间呈非线性变化。当试验3~7天时,碳钢的腐蚀速率先急剧增大,此时腐蚀加速;当试验到11天时,碳钢的腐蚀速率开始下降到低点,此时呈现较好的耐腐蚀性;当试验到19天时,腐蚀速率开始急剧上升,此时腐蚀更为严重。
由SPHC钢在汽车强化腐蚀试验条件下腐蚀面微观形貌和EDS分析可知,当试验7天后,基体表面粗糙且局部出现开裂的现象,此时氧含量达到29.71%;当试验11天后,基体表面变得比较致密,氧含量达到35.16%,此时锈层对基体也起到了保护作用;当试验19天后,基体表面裂纹变多,甚至出现剥落的状况,此时氧含量高达46.92%。
由SPHC钢在汽车强化腐蚀试验条件下的腐蚀面XRD图谱分析可知,SPHC钢在试验7天后,表面仍检测出大量的Fe,此时腐蚀面主要生成的产物为Fe2O3;而当试验进行到11天后,碳钢表面生成了Fe2O3和少量的α-FeOOH,具有保护性α-FeOOH使得锈层变得更加稳定;当试验进行到19天时,碳钢表面生成Fe2O3、微量的FeOOH和Fe3O4等腐蚀产物。
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2023年第卷第10期
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doi: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20230023
  • 首发时间:2026-01-12
  • 出版时间:2023-10-20
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    中汽研汽车检验中心(呼伦贝尔)有限公司,呼伦贝尔 021000
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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