Article(id=1217471163492647486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, issueId=1217471159667446162, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20220351, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768197344897, onlineDateStr=2026-01-12, pubDate=1695139200000, pubDateStr=2023-09-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768197344897, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768197344897, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768197344897, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1217471159667446162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, year='2023', volume='', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='72', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768197343985, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768198166685, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1217474610363286283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, issueId=1217471159667446162, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1217474610363286284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, issueId=1217471159667446162, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=8, endPage=15, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1217471163710751300, articleId=1217471163492647486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, language=EN, title=Development of EVI Engineering Technologies for Automotive Steel in the New Energy Era, columnId=null, journalTitle=Automobile Technology & Material, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Due to energy and environmental issues, the global new energy vehicle industry has developed rapidly. High-strength steel, due to its advantages including high strength, excellent machinability, high cost performance ratio, its integrated application in new energy vehicles has become the focus of the industry. Based on the Early Vendor Involvement (EVI) concept, the upstream and downstream industry chain has carried out a number of steel lightweight body projects, such as POSCO PBC-EV, Thyssen In-car, ArcelorMittal S-in motion, Baosteel BCB series and Masteel MCEV, which mainly focus on the body and battery pack and other major components. In the future, with the electrification of the automotive industry, the implementation of energy saving and emission reduction policies and the maturity of key technologies, high-strength steel will play a greater role in the field of automotive lightweight.

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由于能源和环境问题,全球新能源汽车产业得到快速发展,而高强钢由于其高强度、可加工性、高性价比优势,其在新能源汽车上的集成应用成为业界的焦点领域。基于供应商的早期介入(EVI)理念,上下游产业链先后开展了多款钢制轻量化车身项目,如浦项PBC-EV、蒂森In-car、安米S-in motion、宝钢BCB系列和马钢MCEV等,主要围绕车身及电池包等主要部件。未来随着汽车产业电动化、节能减排政策的实施以及关键技术的成熟,先进高强钢在汽车轻量化领域将发挥更大作用。

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冯毅(1980—),男,正高级工程师,博士研究生,研究方向为汽车轻量化及先进汽车材料。

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冯毅(1980—),男,正高级工程师,博士研究生,研究方向为汽车轻量化及先进汽车材料。

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对标车 方案 材料 质量
降低/%
成本
降低/%
排放
降低/%
DP-W600

(2.2/2.0 mm
18.67 kg)
01 TPN-W900 -19 -12 -15
02 DP-K60/98 RA-K40/70 -13 -7 -11
03 MBW1500 -15 -5 -12
04 变厚板
MBW1500
-18 -5 -15
05 拼焊板MBW150 -17 -12 -13
06 拼焊板MBW190 -22 -9 -17
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In-car 项目中的多种B柱轻量化方案[18]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
对标车 方案 材料 质量
降低/%
成本
降低/%
排放
降低/%
DP-W600

(2.2/2.0 mm
18.67 kg)
01 TPN-W900 -19 -12 -15
02 DP-K60/98 RA-K40/70 -13 -7 -11
03 MBW1500 -15 -5 -12
04 变厚板
MBW1500
-18 -5 -15
05 拼焊板MBW150 -17 -12 -13
06 拼焊板MBW190 -22 -9 -17
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指标 BCB
项目目标 设计值
重量/kg 300 284
高强钢比例/% 70 77
零件数/个 320 309
轻量化系数 3 2.7
被动安全级别 五星 五星
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宝钢BCB白车身设计指标[18]

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指标 BCB
项目目标 设计值
重量/kg 300 284
高强钢比例/% 70 77
零件数/个 320 309
轻量化系数 3 2.7
被动安全级别 五星 五星
), ArticleFig(id=1217498973141651540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1217471163492647486, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
车型 高强钢占比/% 车身
质量/kg
扭转刚度/N·m·(°)-1 轻量化系数
MCVE 83.6 265.0 24 535 2.62
标杆车 68.6 297.0 20 132 3.58
其他车型1# 65.0 266.3 18 900 3.30
其他车型2# 68.0 304.4 18 500 4.21
其他车型3# 54.6 267.4 25 200 2.76
行业领先水平 64.4 270.0 18 000 2.81
), ArticleFig(id=1217498973208760408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1217471163492647486, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

多款新能源车的高强钢占比、车身质量、扭转刚度、轻量化系数

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车型 高强钢占比/% 车身
质量/kg
扭转刚度/N·m·(°)-1 轻量化系数
MCVE 83.6 265.0 24 535 2.62
标杆车 68.6 297.0 20 132 3.58
其他车型1# 65.0 266.3 18 900 3.30
其他车型2# 68.0 304.4 18 500 4.21
其他车型3# 54.6 267.4 25 200 2.76
行业领先水平 64.4 270.0 18 000 2.81
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面向新能源时代的汽车用钢EVI工程技术发展
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冯毅 1 , 张德良 1 , 高翔 1 , 张军 2 , 路洪洲 3 , 田志俊 2
汽车工艺与材料 | 视界 2023,(9): 8-15
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汽车工艺与材料 | 视界 2023, (9): 8-15
面向新能源时代的汽车用钢EVI工程技术发展
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冯毅1, 张德良1, 高翔1, 张军2, 路洪洲3, 田志俊2
作者信息
  • 1 中国汽车工程研究院股份有限公司,重庆 401122
  • 2 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司,马鞍山 243000
  • 3 中信金属股份有限公司,北京 100004
  • 冯毅(1980—),男,正高级工程师,博士研究生,研究方向为汽车轻量化及先进汽车材料。

Development of EVI Engineering Technologies for Automotive Steel in the New Energy Era
Yi Feng1, Deliang Zhang1, Xiang Gao1, Jun Zhang2, Hongzhou Lu3, Zhijun Tian2
Affiliations
  • 1 China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chongqing 401122
  • 2 Maanshan Iron & Steel Co., Ltd., Maanshan 243000
  • 3 CITIC Metal Co., Ltd., Beijing 100004
出版时间: 2023-09-20 doi: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20220351
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由于能源和环境问题,全球新能源汽车产业得到快速发展,而高强钢由于其高强度、可加工性、高性价比优势,其在新能源汽车上的集成应用成为业界的焦点领域。基于供应商的早期介入(EVI)理念,上下游产业链先后开展了多款钢制轻量化车身项目,如浦项PBC-EV、蒂森In-car、安米S-in motion、宝钢BCB系列和马钢MCEV等,主要围绕车身及电池包等主要部件。未来随着汽车产业电动化、节能减排政策的实施以及关键技术的成熟,先进高强钢在汽车轻量化领域将发挥更大作用。

新能源  /  汽车钢  /  EVI  /  轻量化

Due to energy and environmental issues, the global new energy vehicle industry has developed rapidly. High-strength steel, due to its advantages including high strength, excellent machinability, high cost performance ratio, its integrated application in new energy vehicles has become the focus of the industry. Based on the Early Vendor Involvement (EVI) concept, the upstream and downstream industry chain has carried out a number of steel lightweight body projects, such as POSCO PBC-EV, Thyssen In-car, ArcelorMittal S-in motion, Baosteel BCB series and Masteel MCEV, which mainly focus on the body and battery pack and other major components. In the future, with the electrification of the automotive industry, the implementation of energy saving and emission reduction policies and the maturity of key technologies, high-strength steel will play a greater role in the field of automotive lightweight.

New energy  /  Automobile steel  /  EVI  /  Lightweight
冯毅, 张德良, 高翔, 张军, 路洪洲, 田志俊. 面向新能源时代的汽车用钢EVI工程技术发展. 汽车工艺与材料, 2023 , (9) : 8 -15 . DOI: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20220351
Yi Feng, Deliang Zhang, Xiang Gao, Jun Zhang, Hongzhou Lu, Zhijun Tian. Development of EVI Engineering Technologies for Automotive Steel in the New Energy Era[J]. Automobile Technology & Material, 2023 , (9) : 8 -15 . DOI: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20220351
传统燃油汽车的大范围普及和使用加速了能源损耗和环境污染,而新能源汽车的推广在一定程度上缓解了全球的能源危机和环境问题。我国于2009年开始推广新能源汽车,到2020年新能源汽车销量达到136.6万辆,渗透率达到5.4%[1]。2021年,全球新能源汽车销量约650.1万辆,2022年全球销量达到1 065万辆,同比上涨一倍以上,渗透率达到8.0%,中国与欧洲、美国是新能源汽车增长的主要市场,新能源汽车整体市场增长与发展潜力巨大[2]。新能源汽车主要以纯电和插电混动新能源汽车为主,采用动力电池系统取代内燃机,大幅减少CO2排放,甚至零排放,但其续驶里程一直是人们关注的重点。新能源汽车通过车身结构优化、新材料应用、先进制造工艺应用可以实现车身轻量化,可有效减少能源的浪费,提高能源利用率,强化续航能力,故新能源汽车的轻量化设计极为重要[3-6]
当前国内新能源汽车正处于黄金发展时期,汽车钢板作为最能兼顾汽车碰撞安全性能及轻量化需求的基础原材料,在过去、现在、未来均将牢牢的占据汽车制造基础原材料市场的主力军地位。未来面向新能源汽车产业发展,抢占汽车钢板的细分市场也必将成为国内外钢铁企的关注重点。供应商的早期介入(Early Vendor Involvement,EVI)是指材料制造商介入下游用户的早期研发阶段,充分了解用户对原材料性能的要求,为客户提供更高性能的材料和个性化的服务,实现产业链各方互惠共赢[7-9]。当前,EVI已逐渐成为当下全球汽车钢业界主流的市场开拓模式[10]。通过EVI模式的产业链协同机制促进及跨学科的资源整合,有利于加快车身乃至整车的轻量化进程,推动汽车产业的“绿色、安全、环保、节能”发展。通过EVI模式,主机厂输入一个车身成本目标参数,钢铁企业量身定做,提供整套解决预案,攻克汽车钢的应用难题,将显著加快主机厂各种新车型的开发、投产周期,提升主机厂利润,增强在终端汽车市场上的综合竞争力。因此,为提升本企业汽车钢EVI综合技术服务能力和在全球汽车钢市场中的影响力,近年来国内外钢铁企业主动开展了大量的汽车钢EVI创新项目,主要针对乘用车车身开展。本文立足于新能源车这一全球汽车工业发展的大趋势,阐述了新能源汽车发展对汽车钢产业链的影响,汽车钢的体系构成及其总体发展现状、经典汽车钢制车身EVI工程案例。最终基于现状,总结分析未来面向新能源时代汽车钢EVI工程技术领域的发展趋势。
应用于汽车领域的高强钢根据强化机理的不同,可分为普通高强钢(High Speed Steels,HSS)、先进高强钢(Advanced High Strength Steel,AHSS)和超高强钢(Ultra High Strength Steel,UHSS),相关钢材类别及其强度分布如图1所示[11]。其中,先进高强钢、超高强钢具备较高的强度和成形性,是实现车身轻量化和保证安全性的重要材料。近几十年来,汽车用先进高强钢是材料的研发重点,世界钢协根据研发历史及其特点,将其分为3代:第1代以铁素体为基的AHSS钢的强塑积为10~20 GPa·%;第2代以奥氏体为基的AHSS钢的强塑积为50~60 GPa·%,其合金含量高和生产工艺控制困难导致成本高;第3代AHSS钢以提高第1代AHSS钢强度、塑性和降低第2代AHSS合金含量、生产成本2方面为目标进行研发,第3代多相AHSS钢通过多相、亚稳和多尺度的组织精细调控,其强塑积为30~70 GPa·%[12]。目前,国内钢厂已经具备DP、CP、TRIP、TWIP、Q&P、MS等先进高强钢的生产能力,分别用于内外覆盖件、各种结构件和梁类等汽车零部件。其力学性能覆盖面非常宽,满足汽车对强度、刚度、碰撞吸能安全性、舒适性和可加工性的要求,给汽车用材与选材提供了更多的选择[13]
目前,国际主流车型的高强钢占车身的比例已超过70%,其中自主品牌中高强钢的应用已达45%。中国是高强度钢应用最普遍的国家,车身使用比例接近50%,预计未来将达到60%~65%,但是超高强钢和先进高强钢使用比例大幅落后,目前仅有5%,预计未来有3倍提升空间。业内专家认为在抗碰撞性能、加工工艺和成本方面,先进高强钢与超高强钢比铝镁合金具有明显的优势,能够满足减轻汽车质量和提高碰撞安全性能的双重技术需要,甚至从成本与性能角度来看,是目前满足车身轻量化、提高碰撞安全性的最佳材料。
对近年来“欧洲车身会议”和“中国轻量化车身会议”展示车型相关用材数据进行了统计分析,我国乘用车高强钢的应用水平已经达到世界先进水平(图2),欧洲车身会议展示产品的高强钢用量平均为56.7%,最高为73%,中国轻量化车身会议展示产品的高强钢用量平均为62%,最高为70.4%[14]。因此,高强钢在车身上的应用方面,中国处于领先地位,显示了我国汽车企业高强钢的应用水平大幅度提升,从材料生产到零件加工生产体系的日臻完善。
从国际上看,尽管已经有了许多铝合金和碳纤维等材料应用的成功案例,但高强钢仍然在企业用材策略中占据重要地位。从图2可知,各大主机厂在车身用材选择和成形工艺选择方面存在不同,而决定其高强钢用材策略的关键因素是钢铁企业的产品规格、性能、价格以及供应链的支撑能力。
综合以上分析,随着我国高强钢生产技术的不断发展,在汽车钢品种和强度级别等方面已经与发达国家基本相当,我国在具有高强度、高塑性特征的第3代钢开发和生产方面具有的世界领先优势为世界所公认,也为我国进一步推动高强钢的应用提供有力支撑,以高强钢相关的一批团体标准的颁布及汽车用钢上下游产业链EVI领域的持续发展,将为车企扩大高强钢应用提供技术依据和材料保障。相信随着“高强钢回弹”“延迟断裂”等核心技术问题的认知与解决,将为高强钢在我国新能源汽车产业内的进一步应用开拓更大的空间[14]
为提升自身整车EVI技术水平,增强企业选材和提供钢铁轻量化综合解决方案的能力,近十年来国内外主要钢铁公司先后开展了多款钢制轻量化车身与综合解决方案项目,典型的有浦项PBC-EV、蒂森In-car、安米S-in motion、宝钢BCB系列和马钢MCEV等。
2010~2012年,浦项开发了首款PBC-EV(POSCO Body Concept-Electric Vehicle)纯电动概念白车身(图3)。PBC-EV车身采用了先进高强钢及热成形、变截面柔性辊压成形、液压成形、激光拼焊等先进成形技术,实现轻量化的同时提高了安全性。PBC-EV白车身高强钢比例达到65%(其中超高强钢超过40%),车身质量由296 kg降低至218 kg,在成本小幅增加的同时能够实现质量降低26%;从制造到报废回收后的LCA全生命周期评价中温室气体排放量减少约50%[15-16]
2021年,浦项发布了其新的生态友好型电动汽车(含纯电动汽车和燃料电池汽车)综合解决方案e Autopos(eco-friendly,Electrified Automotive Solution of POSCO),主要产品包括车身和底盘用高强汽车板、电池包专用钢材、驱动电机用节能高效电工钢、氢能电动汽车用金属双极板和二次电池用正负极材料等(图4)。针对白车身,e Autopos解决方案为使用多种先进超高强钢增强车身强度和碰撞安全性。例如,对于吸收车辆前部冲击力的前纵梁采用了980XF钢,座椅横梁和仪表板横梁外侧件则采用了MS1500等超高强度冷轧板,前侧围延伸件采用了1 500 MPa热成型钢。经过轻量化设计后,白车身质量降低至207 kg,降低30%。针对悬架系统,e Autopos解决方案为采用其研制的高性能轴承钢、悬架弹簧、轮胎帘线钢等,在实现轻量化的同时保证了部件良好的加工和使用性能[17]
2009年,蒂森启动了面向汽车生产商的创新项目“In-car”。项目聚焦轻量化、降本、减排和提高性能,并引入生命周期分析(Life Cycle Assessment,LCA)理念,开发出了30多种车身、底盘及动力系统的创新解决方案,使整车质量减轻一半的同时成本降低20%(表1),在汽车整个生命周期可减少CO2排放量1.6 t[18]
In-car项目是蒂森的菜单式轻量化解决方案,它对车身、悬架、动力总成3大系统的16个主要部件均进行了轻量化设计,每个部件给出了1种以上的解决方案,且每种解决方案提供了对标车和In-car解决方案的用材、质量、成本和排放情况,用户可以根据应用目的、生产和工艺条件选择不同的解决方案[18]
从2010年开始,安米陆续开发了S-in motion系列车型(包括燃油车、电动车、轿车、SUV、商用车)轻量化解决方案(图5),主要通过先进高强钢的轻量化设计应用,为用户提供安全、轻量化、低成本、满足可持续发展的全面解决方案[19]
以2015年北美市场典型SUV和中高级轿车为例,通过S-in motion解决方案,SUV可实现车身质量降低112 kg(比例为21%),高强钢比例由33%提升到51%;轿车有望实现车身质量降低100 kg(比例为28%),高强钢比例由68%提升到74%,全生产周期碳排放减少13.5%[18]
2020年,安米推出了全新的S-in motion纯电动汽车钢制电池包解决方案(图6[20]。该方案应用多种高强钢,其中关键部位(骨架、底部)使用先进高强钢(包括2 GPa铝硅镀层热成形钢和500 MPa马氏体钢),在满足性能的前提下有效控制电池包质量,电池盒结构仅占总电池包质量的20%。通过对零件的截面设计优化,大大降低了模具的成本投入;梁结构采用辊压成形工艺,底盖板等采用方板件设计及简单的浅冲压或开孔工艺,使得电池包整体材料利用率达到90%以上,可有效控制成本[20]
2015年,宝钢推出了首款超轻型概念白车身BCB(Baosteel Car Body),是国内钢铁企业首次按照汽车设计流程和规则,整合新材料、新工艺和新结构优化技术而完成的白车身,在安全性、舒适性和轻量化方面达到国际先进水平(图7表2)。BCB白车身质量为284 kg,车身大量应用3代汽车用钢,包括MS1500、B1800HS、TWIP950、QP1180等新材料,高强钢应用比例为77%;在成形工艺方面,应用了热冲压成形、液压成形、辊压成形、VRB板成形和激光拼焊板成形等先进成形技术。通过高强减薄轻量化设计,保证整车性能的同时,实车轻量化系数达到2.7[18]
2021年,宝钢向全球发布了超轻型纯电动高安全车身BCB-EV(Baosteel Car Body Electric Vehicle)。BCB-EV以先进材料、成熟工艺和结构优化为创新点,打造了以吉帕钢为主的超轻型高安全纯电动车身(图8[21]。BCB-EV白车身吉帕钢比例超50%,电池包框架吉帕钢100%,最高强度热成形材料用到2 000 MPa级别,冷成型材料应用到1 700 MPa级别;先进高强钢与7种先进成形、不等厚轧制、拼焊工艺相结合,实现白车身质量达到303 kg(质量降低57 kg,降低比例10%~20%),轻量化系数达到2.13,满足整车C-NCAP2021五星碰撞安全、25%小偏置碰GOOD性能要求,实现钢板生产环节CO2减排200 kg,电动车使用环节CO2减排296 kg[21]
为了积极响应汽车行业轻量化需求,充分展示利用钢铁的设计灵活性以及使用高强钢来解决新能源汽车轻量化面临的难题,2018年马钢联合中国汽研、中信金属等启动了马钢电动概念车(Masteel Concept Electric Vehicle,MCEV)电动概念车开发项目。项目选取一款全球先进的电动车为标杆,并结合行业电动车先进技术水平,开发一款基于马钢汽车钢体系的轻量化、高性能、高安全、经济型A级电动概念车(图9)。
MCEV设计车采用全钢车身设计,用钢布局讲究“将合理的材料应用于合理的部位”原则,进一步提升高强钢的比例,达到轻量化效果。其中前横梁、顶盖中横梁、外门环、门槛梁外板等安全部件采用马钢1 500 MPa级、1 800 MPa薄镀层、高冷弯、抗延迟开裂热成形钢。MCEV设计车采用了48.08%高强钢、22.33%先进高强钢、13.22%热成形钢,高强钢占比达83.63%(其中含Nb高强钢比例61%),如图10所示。
在车身设计上,通过CAD/CAE/SE等计算机技术对白车身的结构和布局进行优化分析,通过采用传力路径优化设计、结构截面优化设计等,在实现轻量化的同时进一步提升了车身的安全性。MCEV设计车前防撞梁加长、增加副吸能盒,在MPDB工况下,可使碰撞力的传递更加均衡,在小偏置碰撞工况下,抗撞性能有所提高,如图11图12所示。MCEV设计车上纵梁延伸到纵梁前端板形成闭环环状结构,有效提升抵抗小偏置碰撞的能力;前舱横梁的拉通横梁结构提升了抵抗变形能力,分散传力路径,增强安全性能,提高扭转刚度;贯穿式的高强钢座椅横梁与B柱、顶盖中横梁形成环状结构,提高局部刚度性能和抗变形能力,有效实现载荷分流,极大增强整车刚度,如图12所示。
经轻量化设计,MCEV白车身质量为265 kg,质量降低10.9%,轻量化系数为2.62;整车正面100%碰撞、柱碰、MPDB的性能达到C-NCAP五星水平,25%小偏置碰、顶压性能达到中保研汽车碰撞安全指数(C-IASI)优秀水平,白车身(带玻璃)扭转刚度≥23 000 N·m/(°)、弯曲刚度≥15 000 N/mm,白车身(带玻璃)扭转模态≥36 Hz、弯曲模态≥52 Hz,具有较高安全性。
MCEV设计车的主要技术性能指标与其它新能源车型对比如表3所示。MCEV概念车不论在轻量化(质量)、安全性能(扭转刚度)、高强钢占比等方面的技术指标水平均优于标杆车,达到国际先进水平。
轻量化是以电为核心的新能源化是汽车节能减排的有效途径,也是未来全球汽车工业发展的必然趋势。高强钢由于其高承载安全性、高工艺适应性、高性价比综合优势,可预见未来至少15年甚至更长时间内依旧是全球节能和新能源汽车材料行业的最重要发展方向之一。未来随着汽车产业的电动化这一大势所趋,节能减排、“碳达峰、碳中和”政策的实施,以及先进高强钢性能和应用技术愈发成熟,其必将在汽车轻量化领域发挥更大的作用。
基于新时代的EVI理念,协同上下游产业链,以国家行业发展政策及终端用户市场共性及个性化需求为牵引,打通不同类别汽车用钢之于终端车型产品的应用瓶颈链,为终端用户提供汽车钢成套应用技术解决方案,达成在车型上的集成应用是目前全球汽车钢业界的热点、焦点领域。近十年来国内外主要钢铁公司先后开展的多款钢制轻量化车身项目,展示了不同优秀钢制轻量化解决方案的实践案例,大大促进了全球各类钢制车型领域的整体轻量化技术水平,尤其促进了各类先进汽车高强钢的持续推广应用。
相对于传统的燃油汽车,新能源汽车在钢材应用总体层面不存在本质差异性,但是还是会体现出一定的个性化。首先,新能源汽车基于三电系统的存在,其对轻量化和安全性的要求更高,尤其随着近年来中保研汽车碰撞安全指数(C-IASI)等更苛刻碰撞安全性能评价方法标准的逐步推广,强度级更高的钢种将集成应用于新能源汽车车身和底盘系统。其次,新能源汽车将增加对高品质电机用硅钢片的消耗。上述新能源车的结构特性将会对钢企的产品发展策略产生影响。近年来国内如热成形薄铝硅镀层板、DH钢等单一品种汽车钢的研发及推广及以马钢MCEV项目为代表的超轻质、高性能、低成本,满足市场需求的新能源汽车用钢集成技术解决方案,均是国内汽车钢业界走出中国特色发展之路的重要探索。
综上所述,推进中国汽车钢产业链的协同、又好又快的发展,这显然不是钢铁行业一个领域的事情,必须进一步加强汽车用钢上下游产业链EVI合作力度,不断基于新能源汽车产业的发展涌现出的新需求,研发出对口的新钢种,不断合作突破更多的产业链技术瓶颈,推进我国汽车钢事业迈向新的发展阶段,为中国制造业早日实现“强国梦”,达成“双碳”宏伟目标注入强劲的科技动力。
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2023年第卷第9期
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doi: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20220351
  • 首发时间:2026-01-12
  • 出版时间:2023-09-20
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    1 中国汽车工程研究院股份有限公司,重庆 401122
    2 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司,马鞍山 243000
    3 中信金属股份有限公司,北京 100004
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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