Article(id=1208718306576561041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, issueId=1208718299400106845, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20240208, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766110501188, onlineDateStr=2025-12-19, pubDate=1724083200000, pubDateStr=2024-08-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766110501188, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766110501188, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766110501188, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1208718299400106845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, year='2024', volume='', issue='8', pageStart='1', pageEnd='72', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766110499477, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766110499477, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null}, startPage=63, endPage=66, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1208718306849190812, articleId=1208718306576561041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, language=EN, title=Structural Design and Simulation Verification of T-Shaped Automotive Flexible Switching System Based on Tecnomatix, columnId=null, journalTitle=Automobile Technology & Material, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to improve the flexibility of the welding production line for car body in white, this paper proposes a T-shaped automotive flexible switching system. Firstly, this article studies the composition of the T-type flexible switching system and the working process of each component, and proposes that this switching system can switch 2N+1 vehicle models. Secondly, the power and transmission parts of the switching system are studied, and the motor parameters, guidance and positioning schemes are determined. Moreower,the module division and interface design of the switching system is proposed, and a module division diagram is obtained. Finally, the working process of the switching system is simulated in the Tecnomatix environment. The results show that the design of the T-type flexible switching system is reasonable and can achieve switching between 2N+1 vehicle models.

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为提升汽车白车身焊接生产线的柔性,提出一种T型汽车柔性切换系统。首先,研究了T型汽车柔性切换系统的组成及各组件的工作过程,提出了切换(2N+1)种车型的目标;其次,研究了T型汽车柔性切换系统的动力和传动部分,确认了电机参数及导向和定位方案;再次,提出了T型汽车柔性切换系统的模块划分和接口部分设计,得到模块划分图;最后,利用Tecnomatix环境仿真T型汽车柔性切换系统的工作过程,结果表明,T型柔性切换系统的方案设计合理,可以实现(2N+1)种车型的切换。

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韩玉婷(1990—),女,助教,硕士学位,研究方向为柔性生产线研发与优化。

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韩玉婷(1990—),女,助教,硕士学位,研究方向为柔性生产线研发与优化。

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参数 数值
电机型号 SEW KAF47DRL90L4BE5HF/TF/IS/AS7W
额定电压/V 380
额定频率/Hz 50
额定转速Nn/r·min-1 3 000
额定扭矩M0/N·m 14
安装方式 IM:M5A-180°
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电机参数

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参数 数值
电机型号 SEW KAF47DRL90L4BE5HF/TF/IS/AS7W
额定电压/V 380
额定频率/Hz 50
额定转速Nn/r·min-1 3 000
额定扭矩M0/N·m 14
安装方式 IM:M5A-180°
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基于Tecnomatix的T型汽车柔性切换系统设计及仿真验证
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韩玉婷 1 , 李春雷 2 , 刘彦锋 1 , 李宇辰 1 , 闫金韬 1
汽车工艺与材料 | 生产装备 2024,(8): 63-66
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汽车工艺与材料 | 生产装备 2024, (8): 63-66
基于Tecnomatix的T型汽车柔性切换系统设计及仿真验证
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韩玉婷1, 李春雷2, 刘彦锋1, 李宇辰1, 闫金韬1
作者信息
  • 1 大连职业技术学院, 大连 116035
  • 2 大连奥托自动化设备有限公司, 大连 116050
  • 韩玉婷(1990—),女,助教,硕士学位,研究方向为柔性生产线研发与优化。

Structural Design and Simulation Verification of T-Shaped Automotive Flexible Switching System Based on Tecnomatix
Yuting Han1, Chunlei Li2, Yanfeng Liu1, Yuchen Li1, Jintao Yan1
Affiliations
  • 1 Dalian Vocational & Technical College, Dalian 116035
  • 2 Dalian Auto Industry-automation Equipment Co., Ltd., Dalian 116050
出版时间: 2024-08-20 doi: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20240208
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为提升汽车白车身焊接生产线的柔性,提出一种T型汽车柔性切换系统。首先,研究了T型汽车柔性切换系统的组成及各组件的工作过程,提出了切换(2N+1)种车型的目标;其次,研究了T型汽车柔性切换系统的动力和传动部分,确认了电机参数及导向和定位方案;再次,提出了T型汽车柔性切换系统的模块划分和接口部分设计,得到模块划分图;最后,利用Tecnomatix环境仿真T型汽车柔性切换系统的工作过程,结果表明,T型柔性切换系统的方案设计合理,可以实现(2N+1)种车型的切换。

柔性切换系统  /  Tecnomatix  /  仿真验证  /  模块化设计

In order to improve the flexibility of the welding production line for car body in white, this paper proposes a T-shaped automotive flexible switching system. Firstly, this article studies the composition of the T-type flexible switching system and the working process of each component, and proposes that this switching system can switch 2N+1 vehicle models. Secondly, the power and transmission parts of the switching system are studied, and the motor parameters, guidance and positioning schemes are determined. Moreower,the module division and interface design of the switching system is proposed, and a module division diagram is obtained. Finally, the working process of the switching system is simulated in the Tecnomatix environment. The results show that the design of the T-type flexible switching system is reasonable and can achieve switching between 2N+1 vehicle models.

Flexible switching system  /  Tecnomatix  /  Simulation verification  /  Modular design
韩玉婷, 李春雷, 刘彦锋, 李宇辰, 闫金韬. 基于Tecnomatix的T型汽车柔性切换系统设计及仿真验证. 汽车工艺与材料, 2024 , (8) : 63 -66 . DOI: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20240208
Yuting Han, Chunlei Li, Yanfeng Liu, Yuchen Li, Jintao Yan. Structural Design and Simulation Verification of T-Shaped Automotive Flexible Switching System Based on Tecnomatix[J]. Automobile Technology & Material, 2024 , (8) : 63 -66 . DOI: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20240208
汽车的柔性生产系统是一种高效、灵活的生产方式,它允许生产线在短时间内从一种车型切换为另一种车型,从而实现多品种、小批量的生产。汽车柔性生产系统具有模块化设计、高度自动化、高度柔性的特点,是一种高效、灵活的生产方式,可以快速地响应市场变化、降低生产成本、提高产品质量。随着汽车市场的不断发展和消费者对汽车多样化和个性化的需求不断增加,汽车柔性生产线将成为未来汽车行业的主流生产方式之一。本文提出一种T型汽车柔性切换系统,该系统可以实现多种车型的切换生产,可实现模块化设计,以更好地满足产线后续升级改造的要求,符合当前汽车市场多元化的发展趋势。
汽车生产线的切换系统能够快速、准确地切换不同车型,显著提高生产线的灵活性和效率。汽车生产线的切换机构通常包括多种复杂的机械、电气和控制系统以实现生产线上各部分的快速调整,包括焊装、冲压、涂装等[1-6]
图1所示为一种汽车焊装生产线的切换系统,主要由切换轨道、滑移小车、焊接夹具、工作位、库位和定位机构组成。焊装夹具设在滑移小车上,主轨道从左到右依次是工作位和库位,滑移小车上设有滑动轮组,使滑移小车可以左右移动,定位机构用于滑移小车工作位置的精确定位,该设计可以使焊装夹具在不同库位之间快速切换,提高生产线的效率。
另外,该种切换机构通常配备先进的控制系统,如PLC、伺服电机等,能够精确控制切换机构的动作。
但该切换系统仅能实现2种车型的切换,即使如图1所示增加1块基板,可以配备2套焊接夹具,能同时焊接2种零件,仍不能满足当前汽车生产线高柔性的需求,为此,需对切换系统进行升级。
目前,已经出现了具备一定柔性能力的切换系统,该切换系统的切换轨道更为复杂,且一般具有多个库位,可实现2种以上车型的切换,李磊等提出4+N柔性切换系统,包括有转台4+N柔性切换系统和滑台4+N柔性切换系统,该系统的柔性程度高,结构紧凑,占地面积小,但成本较高且结构复杂,不利于生产线的后续改造[7]。黄敏鸫等提出了一种典型汽车车身多品种柔性生产线车型切换效率提升方案,所使用的切换系统可实现4种车型切换,使用了翻转切换和插拔切换,但该系统只能解决特定的生产线问题,无法通用,且最多可切换4种车型,柔性程度无法提升[8]
基于目前已经提出的柔性切换系统,本文提出一种新型的T型柔性切换系统,可实现模块化设计和生产,降低了生产成本,且电机和夹具之间采用滚轮轴承和滑槽的柔性连接方式,系统的柔性程度更高。本文提出的T型柔性切换系统三维结构如图2所示,工作过程如下:首先,当滑移小车在库位移动时,由库位动力小车带动滑移小车移动,当滑移小车运送到切换等待位后自动安装到主线动力小车的滑槽内,然后由主线动力小车带动滑移小车在主线移动,同时脱离库位动力小车的滑槽,实现滑移小车XY方向移动的转换;最后由主线动力小车带动滑移小车至工作位,滑移小车上有安装夹具及白车身组件,由焊接机器人对白车身组件进行焊接。
图2可知,T型柔性切换系统可以切换的车型为(1+2)种,且Ⅱ车型和Ⅲ车型切换部分可以扩展,能实现(2N+1)种车型的切换。
图3所示为T型柔性切换系统的动力和传动部分,动力部分采用变频减速电机,传动部分采用直齿轮齿条。
动力电机的参数如表1所示。
动力小车和滑移小车的导向部分采用Z向承重轮+Y向右侧基准轮和Z向承重轮+Y向左侧调整轮的方式,采用机械强度更高、耐磨性更好的方形轨道取代传统的重轨(GB/T 2585—2021《铁路用热轧钢轨》),为保证轨道的清洁和车轮运行的可靠性,在每个车轮组件两端均安装了铜质钢轨毛刷。
为提高装配精度,导轨在架体上的定位采用定位面+定位销的方式,且两侧导轨的安装平行度误差不超过±0.05 mm,采用调整地脚和增加垫片的方式调整导轨的水平度。同时,齿条的定位采用定位面+定位销的方式。由于电机需要一定的调整量,所以变频电机定位采用定位面+偏心销的方式。最后,为保证滑车的车轮和架体导轨的顺利安装,滑车上的车轮组件采用定位销定位。
对T型柔性切换系统进行模块化设计,可以降低设计和生产成本,增加T型柔性切换系统的库位数量,满足更多车型的切换需求。
为实现T型汽车柔性切换库的模块化设计,首先需要统一各模块之间的接口,库位动力小车和主线动力小车等动力小车需要采用统一接口与无动力小车(滑移小车)连接。
T型汽车柔性切换库的接口采用滚动轴承和滑槽的柔性连接,如图4所示。在设计时,需要将滚动轴承安装到无动力小车(滑移小车)上,滑槽安装到动力小车上,当无动力小车在库位和主线位进行切换时,可使滚动轴承从滑槽侧面的引导面进入滑槽,接口部分可顺利连接,使无动力小车在柔性连接时有更高的可靠性。
在设计滚动轴承和滑槽时,主线和库位选择同样规格型号的轴承,满足了模块化设计中互换性的要求。
为实现T型汽车柔性切换库的模块化设计,且能够任意增加库位,需要合理划分T型汽车柔性切换库的各个模块。根据T型汽车柔性切换库各部分的功能和结构,最终划分的模块如图5所示。
首先将已经建立好的T型汽车柔性切换系统的仿真模型、夹具模型和白车身零件模型导入仿真软件,在Tecnomatix环境下搭建一个T型柔性切换系统的仿真工作站[9-10]。数据导入过程如下:
a. 对所有模型文件的格式进行预处理。模型文件均以jt格式导出,然后使用批处理文件trans_jt2cojt为文件加壳,生成cojt文件。
b. 建立Project和Library文件,用于存放仿真时所需的所有模型文件。
c. 按照一定顺序将cojt文件导入到Process Simulate软件,根据实际情况完成T型汽车柔性切换系统的布局。
工作站仿真设置包含以下内容:
a. 运动设置:T型汽车柔性切换系统需要设置3个部分的运动,分别为左库位动力电机的运动设置、右库位动力电机的运动设置、主线动力电机的运动设置。
b. 库位切换设置:在姿态编辑器中创建切换位置架体在旋转后的工作姿态,并设置旋转角度和特殊点属性。
c. 传感器设置:设置T型柔性切换系统传感器参数,Ⅰ车型库位、Ⅱ车型库位、Ⅲ车型库位、切换等待位和工作位均需要光电传感器,感应滑移小车到达的位置共需设置5个光电传感器。
d. 仿真序列设置:在操作浏览树中设置Ⅰ车型、Ⅱ车型、Ⅲ车型的滑移小车及库位和主线动力小车的Op文件。
将操作浏览树中建立的操作加入序列仿真器,得到T型汽车柔性切换系统仿真的操作节点时序,如图6所示。
按照图6所建立的时序进行仿真运行,在Ⅰ车型、Ⅱ车型和Ⅲ车型切换的过程中,当Ⅱ车型、Ⅲ车型在切换位时,Ⅰ车型可同时动作,可降低节拍,且Ⅱ车型、Ⅲ车型的切换节拍最长,后续可以将生产数量少的车型放置在Ⅱ车型、Ⅲ车型库位,或者增加库位的长度,实现Ⅱ车型、Ⅲ车型的同步切换。
本文对汽车柔性生产系统的特点进行总结,并提出一种新型的T型汽车柔性切换系统,实现(2N+1)种车型的切换,很好地解决了目前汽车生产线多品种生产的要求。同时,本文设计了T型汽车柔性切换系统的结构,且利用Tecnomatix软件对该T型汽车柔性切换系统进行仿真验证,结果表明:Ⅰ车型、Ⅱ车型、Ⅲ车型可以进行切换,且Ⅱ车型、Ⅲ车型的切换时间较长,需要合理控制节拍或者增加库位长度,缩短Ⅱ车型、Ⅲ车型切换的时间。
  • 2023年度大连职业技术学院(大连开放大学)校级科研课题(ZK2023QN01)
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doi: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20240208
  • 首发时间:2025-12-19
  • 出版时间:2024-08-20
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2023年度大连职业技术学院(大连开放大学)校级科研课题(ZK2023QN01)
作者信息
    1 大连职业技术学院, 大连 116035
    2 大连奥托自动化设备有限公司, 大连 116050
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species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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