Article(id=1208718306077438852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, issueId=1208718299400106845, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20230291, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766110501069, onlineDateStr=2025-12-19, pubDate=1724083200000, pubDateStr=2024-08-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766110501069, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766110501069, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766110501069, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1208718299400106845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, year='2024', volume='', issue='8', pageStart='1', pageEnd='72', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766110499477, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766110499477, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null}, startPage=67, endPage=72, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1208718306358457226, articleId=1208718306077438852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, language=EN, title=Research & Countermeasures on Slip-tooth Defects of Front Suspension Support Seat and Body Assembly of A Vehicle Type, columnId=null, journalTitle=Automobile Technology & Material, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Based on the thread slip-tooth occurred when the front suspension assembly upper support seat is assembled with the body in the assembly process, this paper analyzes the excessive contact gap between the front suspension support seat and the body, poor positioning angle of the front suspension assembly upper support seat, and the related supporting tools,. Correspondingly’ it is a so proposes an optimization scheme to improve the front suspension tray support tooling and the new front suspension upper support positioning tooling, which ultimately reduces the defect rate.

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针对汽车合装工艺中前悬架总成上支撑座与车身合装时出现的螺纹滑牙问题,对前悬架上支撑座与车身接触间隙过大、前悬架总成上支撑座角度定位不良、相关支撑工装存在问题等原因进行分析,针对性提出改进前悬架托盘支撑工装与新作前悬架上支撑定位工装等优化方案,最终降低缺陷率。

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张林(1981—),男,高级工程师,学士学位,主要从事汽车行业质量与技术管理工作。

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张林(1981—),男,高级工程师,学士学位,主要从事汽车行业质量与技术管理工作。

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张林(1981—),男,高级工程师,学士学位,主要从事汽车行业质量与技术管理工作。

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零件号 9674550680 供应商 上海东风汽车专用件 材料牌号 SCM435
序号 检查项目 规格值 1# 2# 3# 4# 5# 判定结果
1 螺纹精度(T) M8×1.25-6 h OK OK OK OK OK OK
2 螺纹精度(Z) M8×1.25-6 h OK OK OK OK OK OK
3 螺栓硬度/HRC(49.03 N,10 s) 32∼39 37.2 37.6 37.6 37.4 37.6 OK
4 抗拉强度/MPa 1 050∼1 200 1 190 1 119 1 125 1 162 1 172 OK
5 垫片硬度/HV(98.07 N,10 s) 430∼510 485 479 488 480 486 OK
6 摩擦因数 0.12∼0.18 0.152 0.147 0.152 0.156 0.144 OK
7 盐雾试验 ≥1 000 h,无红锈 OK OK OK
), ArticleFig(id=1208832239425687998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1208718306077438852, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

螺栓性能检测

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零件号 9674550680 供应商 上海东风汽车专用件 材料牌号 SCM435
序号 检查项目 规格值 1# 2# 3# 4# 5# 判定结果
1 螺纹精度(T) M8×1.25-6 h OK OK OK OK OK OK
2 螺纹精度(Z) M8×1.25-6 h OK OK OK OK OK OK
3 螺栓硬度/HRC(49.03 N,10 s) 32∼39 37.2 37.6 37.6 37.4 37.6 OK
4 抗拉强度/MPa 1 050∼1 200 1 190 1 119 1 125 1 162 1 172 OK
5 垫片硬度/HV(98.07 N,10 s) 430∼510 485 479 488 480 486 OK
6 摩擦因数 0.12∼0.18 0.152 0.147 0.152 0.156 0.144 OK
7 盐雾试验 ≥1 000 h,无红锈 OK OK OK
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某车型前悬架上支撑座与车身装配滑牙缺陷研究及对策
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张林 , 李文明 , 邹米清
汽车工艺与材料 | 生产装备 2024,(8): 67-72
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汽车工艺与材料 | 生产装备 2024, (8): 67-72
某车型前悬架上支撑座与车身装配滑牙缺陷研究及对策
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张林, 李文明, 邹米清
作者信息
  • 神龙汽车有限公司, 武汉 430090
  • 张林(1981—),男,高级工程师,学士学位,主要从事汽车行业质量与技术管理工作。

Research & Countermeasures on Slip-tooth Defects of Front Suspension Support Seat and Body Assembly of A Vehicle Type
Lin Zhang, Wenming Li, Miqing Zou
Affiliations
  • DPCA Motor Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430090
出版时间: 2024-08-20 doi: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20230291
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针对汽车合装工艺中前悬架总成上支撑座与车身合装时出现的螺纹滑牙问题,对前悬架上支撑座与车身接触间隙过大、前悬架总成上支撑座角度定位不良、相关支撑工装存在问题等原因进行分析,针对性提出改进前悬架托盘支撑工装与新作前悬架上支撑定位工装等优化方案,最终降低缺陷率。

装配  /  滑牙缺陷  /  对策

Based on the thread slip-tooth occurred when the front suspension assembly upper support seat is assembled with the body in the assembly process, this paper analyzes the excessive contact gap between the front suspension support seat and the body, poor positioning angle of the front suspension assembly upper support seat, and the related supporting tools,. Correspondingly’ it is a so proposes an optimization scheme to improve the front suspension tray support tooling and the new front suspension upper support positioning tooling, which ultimately reduces the defect rate.

Assembly  /  Sliding tooth defects  /  Solutions
张林, 李文明, 邹米清. 某车型前悬架上支撑座与车身装配滑牙缺陷研究及对策. 汽车工艺与材料, 2024 , (8) : 67 -72 . DOI: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20230291
Lin Zhang, Wenming Li, Miqing Zou. Research & Countermeasures on Slip-tooth Defects of Front Suspension Support Seat and Body Assembly of A Vehicle Type[J]. Automobile Technology & Material, 2024 , (8) : 67 -72 . DOI: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20230291
拧紧工艺作为整车总装工艺的核心技术之一一直在不断改进。作为整车制造的最后一道工序, 如何将各零部件以最恰当、最经济、最可靠的方式结合在一起不仅关系到制造成本、制造工艺、整车质量,也关系到驾乘人员的生命与财产安全。有效且稳定的拧紧工艺控制,可以保证较高的整车质量水平。拧紧工艺的控制方法、管控策略及设备不断增加,但如何将拧紧的效果发挥到最佳, 使各零部件能够可靠地结合在一起仍然是各研发制造部门需长期研究的课题。
在总装工艺中,底盘与车身的合装是极其重要且关键的环节。其中前悬架总成上支撑座与车身合装过程中,也需要通过螺栓拧紧连接。但在实际装配过程中难免存在各种影响因素,导致螺纹紧固不良等问题。故探究如何有效找到问题发生的原因,并制订相关措施与方案,提高产品质量。
前悬架总成与车身合装是总装工艺中的重要环节,主要装配方法是通过前托盘工装将前悬架总成的上支撑螺母孔与车身的装配孔对中,然后通过螺栓进行紧固,从而达到连接前悬架总成与车身的目的。涉及的零部件主要有底盘合装工装、前悬架总成(上支撑座)、车身、螺栓等。当前悬架总成通过前托盘工装与车身对中到位后,操作者先用手将3个螺栓预带3∼5扣,再用伺服机进行拧紧,完成前悬架总成与车身的合装,其装配情况如图1所示[1]
某车型前悬架总成与车身使用螺栓拧紧过程中,出现螺栓预带困难、螺栓无法拧紧到底、螺栓空转等现象,尤其是滑牙不为。再对下线后的故障车辆与零件进行确认,并从故障零件来看,发现前悬架上支撑座的螺母螺纹牙已经被严重破坏而导致滑牙不良,其故障件缺陷如图2所示。
整理7月以来出现的前悬架合装滑牙不良问题,相关缺陷统计情况如图3所示。
从合装工艺可知,主要连接零件是螺栓与上支撑座螺母,其中螺母焊接于支撑座上。根据对故障车辆及拆卸的故障零件确认,初步推断滑牙可能与零件的符合性有关,其装配结构如图4所示。
对故障件拆卸的螺栓及同批次螺栓进行尺寸与性能检测,其检测结果满足图纸要求,记为OK。此外,通过增加抽查检验批次,7月底累计共检查1 500件螺栓,未发现不合格现象,其性能情况详如表1所示。
对同批次零件进行相关尺寸性能检测,其结果满足图纸要求,并对同批次产品抽查30件进行螺纹强度试验,规格值要求大于29 kN,螺纹无变形,其结果全部为OK,如图6所示。
为了验证螺栓与前悬架上支撑螺母的符合性,安排检查人员挑选螺栓与前悬架上支撑座各300件,要求2个零件的通止规检查OK,并对上支撑座的3个螺母进行预带,合格的做好相关零件标记,用于装车150台进行验证。根据当天的车辆下线情况确认,仍有3台车辆在装配过程中出现螺纹滑牙问题,由此判断,本次缺陷与螺栓、前悬架上支撑座零件的符合性无关,也说明螺纹滑牙问题还有其他影响因素。
在前悬架总成的符合性调查过程中,检测发现前悬架总成支撑座与前悬总成中心的角度存在超差的现象。图纸的角度规格要求为90°±0.5°,对随机抽取的5件样品进行检测,结果为分别87°、90°、88°、90°、89°,其角度检查结果明显偏小并超出规格值范围。对前悬架总成上支撑座的装配情况进行现场组装确认,发现支撑座的定位工装与支撑座的间隙较大。当拧紧前悬架总成上支撑座的中心螺母时,由于拧紧设备的套筒在拧紧末段时,具有一定惯性使得上支撑座发生相对运动,即上支撑座有向左侧偏移的现象,也就验证了其存在角度检测结果偏小的问题。如图7所示,由于上支撑座有向左侧偏移的情况,从而导致螺母向相同的方向偏移,同时也引起前悬架上支撑座的螺母孔与车身孔位置不对中的情况。
车身作为装配环节的对手零件,也需要进行相关符合性调研,通过三坐标测量仪对车身上的3个孔位置尺寸进行检测,未发现异常,如图8所示。
查询该工序拧紧工艺,伺服机的力矩要求为(40±1) N·m,检查伺服机功能与外观,未发现异常,并对拧紧伺服机C035号进行标定,其标定结果符合设备能力范围要求,如图9所示。
前悬架总成与车身合装的工装主要分为2个部分,即导向工装与上支撑座工装,导向工装装配在前悬架上端,其作用为引导前悬架总成的上支撑座螺纹孔与车身孔进行对中,而支撑工装则在前悬架总成中部与底部,它的主要作用是将前悬架总成进行XY方向定位并在Z向起到支撑前悬架总成高度的作用,并减小前悬架总成与车身的距离,有利于更精准的对中与装配。
根据统计,该车型使用的前托盘工装共计22个,在对前悬架支撑工装集中测量时,发现3个托盘的前悬工装支撑(如图10所示)高度存在不合格的现象,分别为R-13#、R-19#、L-7#,其测量结果均超出下限规格值(如图11所示),表明支撑高度未达到要求。由于前悬架总成预定的支撑高度未满足,则增大前悬架总成与车身的距离,增加在前悬架总成与车身合装时螺栓的预带难度,并影响其对中性,其表现情况与导致螺纹滑牙的故障现象比较一致。
合装工序的控制计划与作业指导书要求作业者装配螺栓时,要预带3∼5扣,再进行伺服机拧紧操作。螺栓的预带用于保证螺栓与螺母垂直配合,防止歪斜导致螺纹破坏。
在审核岗位作业指导书时,未发现相关异常,但在观察作业者操作时,发现存在未进行螺栓预带,而直接采用电枪拧紧螺栓,这种做法违背了工艺与作业指导书内容要求,存在螺栓预带不正,容易产生螺纹破坏。
综上所述,导致合装滑丝不良的主要原因有以下3个方面:
a.前悬架上支撑工装支撑高度不足,导致前悬架总成上支撑座与车身接触的间距过大,从而引起预带不足或螺栓带不正;
b.前悬架总成上支撑座在拧紧过程中由于定位不可靠,导致角度发生了偏移,从而引起螺栓预带不正的风险增加,导致滑牙问题,如图12所示;
c.操作者未按照作业标准要求将螺栓进行预带到位,缺陷模式如图12所示。
根据上述的调查结果,采用质量管理手法鱼骨图的方式进行原因总结,通过如图13所示的原因分析鱼骨图可以明确故障发生原因产生的各个环节与影响因素。
为了减少螺栓预带不对中等情况,可增加电枪预带的临时工艺进行操作,避免直接使用伺服机(工作时力矩大)拧紧导致的螺纹损坏,经过多次测试,该工序使用4 N·m的力矩的拧紧电枪为最佳选项。
手工预带或电枪预带过程中,如出现螺栓预带困难、预带不正的情况,需要先将螺栓取出,再采用调整手柄对导向工装进行调整操作,并确认前悬架总成上支撑螺母孔与车身是否对中,再重新进行螺栓预带操作,以减少和降低前悬架总成上支撑座与螺栓预带不良而导致的滑牙问题。
将检测不合格的R-13#、R-19#、L-07#前悬架总成支撑工装进行修复,并检查修复后支撑工装是否满足图纸要求。同时对其支撑高度进行监控,每月进行一次支撑高度检测,以防止工装失效而导致的支撑前悬架总成高度未达到要求的情况。
设计并重新制作前悬架总成上支撑座的定位工装,满足其功能要求,减小与降低支撑座在前悬架总成装配过程中出现的角度偏移问题。
经过6个月的跟踪与确认,其装配后螺纹滑牙改善效果明显,如图14所示。
针对前悬总成上支撑与车身合装出现的螺纹滑牙不良问题,本文从零件、设备、工艺、人员等各方面进行分析,确定了缺陷产生的原因,并通过对策措施的实施与效果跟踪,达到了质量改善的目的。根据以上内容,建立此类紧固零件的失效模式故障树,便于今后问题的总结,如图15所示。
通过某车型前悬架上支撑座与车身装配过程中出现的螺纹滑牙不良问题分析,给出解决策略与方案,最终后期验证与效果跟踪结果良好。同时建立了该类紧固件螺纹滑牙分析的故障树,积累了质量问题的分析与处理经验,改进质量并降低了质量成本。
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董海, 陈平, 练海鸥, 等. 汽车总装底盘整体式合装工艺的探讨[J]. 汽车制造业, 2019(13): 36-39.
2024年第卷第8期
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doi: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20230291
  • 首发时间:2025-12-19
  • 出版时间:2024-08-20
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    神龙汽车有限公司, 武汉 430090
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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