Article(id=1202253745246659101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, issueId=1202253739831812559, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20220250, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764569229660, onlineDateStr=2025-12-01, pubDate=1681920000000, pubDateStr=2023-04-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764569229660, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-01, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764569229660, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764569229660, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1202253739831812559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, year='2023', volume='', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='72', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764569228370, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764576277615, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1202283306583810311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, issueId=1202253739831812559, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1202283306583810312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, issueId=1202253739831812559, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=42, endPage=48, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1202253745473151527, articleId=1202253745246659101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, language=EN, title=Simulation Research on Tensile Failures of CFRP and Aluminum Alloy Bolted Joint, columnId=null, journalTitle=Automobile Technology & Material, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Based on Explicit simulation environment of ABAQUS, the finite element simulation 3D model of CFRP-Aluminum alloy bolted joint was established, and the corresponding single nail and single shear tensile experimental research were carried out. Combined with the experimental and simulation results, the damage failure modes of the bolted joint under uniaxial tensile loading were obtained. The aluminum alloy failure was based on the Ductile metal failure criterion, the CFRP failure criterion adopted the Hashin criterion modified by Shokrieh, which can represent 7 failure modes of the CFRP in fiber tensile and compression, matrix tensile and compression, delamination tensile and compression, as well as fiber-matrix shear modes, and the stiffness degradation of CFRP was achieved after the initial failure of the CFRP using the stiffness reduction rule. The results showed that the bolted joint’s failure process was divided into 3 phases, the linear elastic phase, the damage initiation phase of the CFRP, and the failure phase of the bolted joint. Comparing the simulation and experimental results, the error between them was 6.3% when considering the strength of the joint, indicating the validity of the finite element simulation model. The analysis of the finite element simulation results revealed that during the failure of the bolted joint, the failure of the CFRP occurred in matrix tensile and compression failure modes as well as delamination compression failure mode, and the damage of the aluminum alloy exhibited significant ductility.

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通过有限元软件ABAQUS中Explicit模块建立碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(CFRP)与铝合金螺栓连接接头的有限元仿真三维模型,并进行了相对应的单钉单剪拉伸试验研究。结合试验和仿真结果,获得了螺栓连接接头在单轴拉伸载荷下的损伤失效模式。铝合金失效基于延展性(Ductile)金属失效准则,CFRP失效准则基于Hashin准则,可以表现复合材料在纤维拉伸压缩、基体拉伸压缩、法向分层拉伸压缩和纤维与基体剪切模式下的7种失效形式,复合材料起始失效后采用刚度折减规则实现刚度退化。结果表明,螺栓失效过程分为3个阶段,即线弹性阶段、CFRP损伤起始阶段、接头失效阶段。对比仿真和试验结果,以接头强度角度考虑,仿真结果与试验结果误差为6.3%,说明了有限元仿真模型的有效性。通过有限元仿真结果分析发现,在螺栓接头失效过程中,CFRP失效发生在基体拉伸和压缩模式以及法向分层压缩模式上,铝合金表现出了明显的延展性损伤形式。

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徐中皓(1978—),男,正高级工程师,硕士学位,研究方向为商用车驾驶室车身性能开发及控制、车身轻量化设计技术开发。

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徐中皓(1978—),男,正高级工程师,硕士学位,研究方向为商用车驾驶室车身性能开发及控制、车身轻量化设计技术开发。

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徐中皓(1978—),男,正高级工程师,硕士学位,研究方向为商用车驾驶室车身性能开发及控制、车身轻量化设计技术开发。

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性能参数 数值
密度ρ/kg·m-3 1 360
弹性模量E11/MPa 115 200
弹性模量E22E33/MPa 60 800
泊松比v12v13 0.33
泊松比v23 0.42
剪切模量G12G13/MPa 2 904
剪切模量G23/MPa 1 880
纵向拉伸强度XT/MPa 1 640
纵向压缩强度XC/MPa 748
横向拉伸强度YTZT/MPa 32
横向压缩强度YCZC/MPa 128
剪切强度S12S13/MPa 50.8
剪切强度S23/MPa 26.8
), ArticleFig(id=1202253753920480028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1202253745246659101, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

T300/2300 碳纤维和环氧树脂复合材料力学性能

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性能参数 数值
密度ρ/kg·m-3 1 360
弹性模量E11/MPa 115 200
弹性模量E22E33/MPa 60 800
泊松比v12v13 0.33
泊松比v23 0.42
剪切模量G12G13/MPa 2 904
剪切模量G23/MPa 1 880
纵向拉伸强度XT/MPa 1 640
纵向压缩强度XC/MPa 748
横向拉伸强度YTZT/MPa 32
横向压缩强度YCZC/MPa 128
剪切强度S12S13/MPa 50.8
剪切强度S23/MPa 26.8
), ArticleFig(id=1202253753991783197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1202253745246659101, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性能参数 数值
密度ρ/kg·m-3 2 700
弹性模量E/MPa 70 000
泊松比v 0.3
屈服强度σs/MPa 124
拉伸强度σb/MPa 262
), ArticleFig(id=1202253754079863583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1202253745246659101, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

铝合金材料性能

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性能参数 数值
密度ρ/kg·m-3 2 700
弹性模量E/MPa 70 000
泊松比v 0.3
屈服强度σs/MPa 124
拉伸强度σb/MPa 262
), ArticleFig(id=1202253754172138273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1202253745246659101, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
失效模式 材料性能退化规则
纤维拉伸失效 E11=0.07E11
纤维压缩失效 E11=0.14E11
基体拉伸失效 E22=0.2E22G12=0.2G12G23=0.2G23
基体压缩失效 E22=0.4E22G12=0.4G12G23=0.4G23
纤维-基体剪切失效 G12=v12=0
拉伸分层失效 E33=G23=G13=v23=v13=0
压缩分成失效 E33=G23=G13=v23=v13=0
), ArticleFig(id=1202253754281190179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1202253745246659101, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

复合材料性能退化规则

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失效模式 材料性能退化规则
纤维拉伸失效 E11=0.07E11
纤维压缩失效 E11=0.14E11
基体拉伸失效 E22=0.2E22G12=0.2G12G23=0.2G23
基体压缩失效 E22=0.4E22G12=0.4G12G23=0.4G23
纤维-基体剪切失效 G12=v12=0
拉伸分层失效 E33=G23=G13=v23=v13=0
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碳纤维与铝合金螺栓连接拉伸失效仿真研究
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徐中皓 1 , 王新宇 1 , 谷卫敏 1 , 张海伦 2 , 庄蔚敏 2
汽车工艺与材料 | 材料应用 2023,(4): 42-48
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汽车工艺与材料 | 材料应用 2023, (4): 42-48
碳纤维与铝合金螺栓连接拉伸失效仿真研究
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徐中皓1, 王新宇1, 谷卫敏1, 张海伦2, 庄蔚敏2
作者信息
  • 1 一汽解放汽车有限公司商用车开发院,长春 130011
  • 2 吉林大学汽车仿真与控制国家重点实验室,长春 130022
  • 徐中皓(1978—),男,正高级工程师,硕士学位,研究方向为商用车驾驶室车身性能开发及控制、车身轻量化设计技术开发。

Simulation Research on Tensile Failures of CFRP and Aluminum Alloy Bolted Joint
Zhonghao Xu1, Xinyu Wang1, Weimin Gu1, Hailun Zhang2, Weimin Zhuang2
Affiliations
  • 1 Commercial Vehicle Development Institute of FAW Jiefang Automobile Co., Ltd., Changchun 130022
  • 2 State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130022
出版时间: 2023-04-20 doi: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20220250
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通过有限元软件ABAQUS中Explicit模块建立碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(CFRP)与铝合金螺栓连接接头的有限元仿真三维模型,并进行了相对应的单钉单剪拉伸试验研究。结合试验和仿真结果,获得了螺栓连接接头在单轴拉伸载荷下的损伤失效模式。铝合金失效基于延展性(Ductile)金属失效准则,CFRP失效准则基于Hashin准则,可以表现复合材料在纤维拉伸压缩、基体拉伸压缩、法向分层拉伸压缩和纤维与基体剪切模式下的7种失效形式,复合材料起始失效后采用刚度折减规则实现刚度退化。结果表明,螺栓失效过程分为3个阶段,即线弹性阶段、CFRP损伤起始阶段、接头失效阶段。对比仿真和试验结果,以接头强度角度考虑,仿真结果与试验结果误差为6.3%,说明了有限元仿真模型的有效性。通过有限元仿真结果分析发现,在螺栓接头失效过程中,CFRP失效发生在基体拉伸和压缩模式以及法向分层压缩模式上,铝合金表现出了明显的延展性损伤形式。

车辆工程  /  CFRP-铝合金螺栓连接  /  CFRP损伤模式  /  单钉单剪接头

Based on Explicit simulation environment of ABAQUS, the finite element simulation 3D model of CFRP-Aluminum alloy bolted joint was established, and the corresponding single nail and single shear tensile experimental research were carried out. Combined with the experimental and simulation results, the damage failure modes of the bolted joint under uniaxial tensile loading were obtained. The aluminum alloy failure was based on the Ductile metal failure criterion, the CFRP failure criterion adopted the Hashin criterion modified by Shokrieh, which can represent 7 failure modes of the CFRP in fiber tensile and compression, matrix tensile and compression, delamination tensile and compression, as well as fiber-matrix shear modes, and the stiffness degradation of CFRP was achieved after the initial failure of the CFRP using the stiffness reduction rule. The results showed that the bolted joint’s failure process was divided into 3 phases, the linear elastic phase, the damage initiation phase of the CFRP, and the failure phase of the bolted joint. Comparing the simulation and experimental results, the error between them was 6.3% when considering the strength of the joint, indicating the validity of the finite element simulation model. The analysis of the finite element simulation results revealed that during the failure of the bolted joint, the failure of the CFRP occurred in matrix tensile and compression failure modes as well as delamination compression failure mode, and the damage of the aluminum alloy exhibited significant ductility.

Vehicle engineering  /  CFRP-Aluminum alloy bolted joint  /  CFRP damage mode  /  Single nail and single shear joint
徐中皓, 王新宇, 谷卫敏, 张海伦, 庄蔚敏. 碳纤维与铝合金螺栓连接拉伸失效仿真研究. 汽车工艺与材料, 2023 , (4) : 42 -48 . DOI: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20220250
Zhonghao Xu, Xinyu Wang, Weimin Gu, Hailun Zhang, Weimin Zhuang. Simulation Research on Tensile Failures of CFRP and Aluminum Alloy Bolted Joint[J]. Automobile Technology & Material, 2023 , (4) : 42 -48 . DOI: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20220250
轻量化技术始终是汽车领域的热点研究方向。在轻质材料中,因碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic,CFRP)具有良好的力学性能,具有提高结构整体强度的优越条件[1-2],且使用寿命较长,维修费用较低,在汽车零部件应用中具有突出的优势。复合材料整体结构中局部结构的连接极限承载能力可以直接决定该整体结构的承载上限,因此进行接头力学性能分析对结构整体性能设计非常重要。
螺栓连接是CFRP与金属连接的常用方式之一。局部连接接头中,由于复合材料性能受到铺叠方式、载荷方式、制作工艺和环境因素的影响,局部接头连接可靠性一直是国内外学者研究的重点。Gray等人[3]在飞行器等大规模建模中提出了复合材料螺栓连接的全局建模方法。Dano等人[4]通过试验,研究了复合材料螺栓接头的失效模式和应力分布。赵丽滨等人[5-6]采用基于渐进损伤强度包线方法预测复合材料螺栓接头的强度。此外,赵丽滨等[5-6]也研究了单钉单搭和单钉双搭接头在二次弯曲效应下的力学性能,发现由于在载荷施加过程中单搭接头和层合板的接触面积减少速度大于双搭接头,因此单搭接头的损坏快于双搭接头。Böhm等人[7]通过试验和数值分析方法,研究了嵌入销钉式机械连接可以加强复合材料厚度方向上的强度,但是缺点是削弱了层合板抗弯性能。Ireman等人[8]采用了一种新的方法研究了复合材料局部连接接头,在准静态循环加载状态下,使用X射线、声法射、应变测试和显微镜观察等方式检测局部连接孔周边的损伤扩展。Winter等人[9]对机械连接进行了大量的试验测试,讨论了板材材料、板材厚度及边距变量对螺栓接头的影响,并总结了4种载荷下不同失效模式的解析公式,为随后的试验研究提供了宝贵的参考经验。
本研究通过试验和仿真分析CFRP层合板和铝合金板单钉单剪接头的失效模式。建立了螺栓连接接头的三维有限元模型。复合材料失效准则采用Shokrieh等人[10-11]在Hashin准则[12-13]的基础上演化而来的失效准则,考虑了复合材料的对称性及各个应力分量对每种破坏模式的影响。另外,在层合板的面外方向建立法向失效分层模式代替一般性研究中常采用的基于零厚度的内聚力模型(Cohesive Zone Model, CZM)预测CFRP界面失效和胶层损伤失效过程,这样有助于分析复合材料层合板厚度方向上的力学性能表现。最后通过试验和有限元仿真结果分析获得复合材料和铝合金螺接失效模式和极限承载能力。
复合材料试件型号为T300/2300的CFRP层合板,该板材是由单向碳纤维和环氧树脂组成的预浸料按照一定铺层顺序经高压釜固化工艺而制成,固化温度为125 ℃,时间为90 min。图1为CFRP层合板与铝合金板单钉单剪螺栓连接接头示意图。CFRP层合板长度L1为135 mm,宽度W为36 mm,孔中心到端距的距离e为18 mm,层合板总厚度t1为1.848 mm(每层0.132 mm),从结构稳定性、减少泊松比和热应力及避免树脂直接受载考虑,层合板设计中包含4种角度铺层;从主应力原则考虑,在结构拉伸和压缩方向需要有0°纤维铺层进行承载,为了使复合材料基体在各个方向均不承受主要载荷,较少使用90°铺层;层合板外部表面宜选用±45°的铺层,并采用对称铺设以降低拉弯耦合等引起的结构翘曲;因此铺层顺序设置为[45/0/-45/90/45/0/-45]s,以7层为一组,对称铺层,两组共14层。铝合金材料型号为AA5754,长度L2为135 mm,厚度t2为2 mm。螺栓直径d为6 mm,采用12.9级M423合金钢,施加螺栓扭矩值为4 N·m。碳纤维复合材料和铝合金的材料参数如表1表2所示。
依据ASTM D5961[14]进行单轴拉伸试验。试件两端装有加强片防止打滑,并被夹持在电子万能拉伸机的夹头上。螺栓连接接头试件的下端为固定支座,上端按速度为0.5 mm/min施加向上移动的准静态位移载荷,并通过电脑采集拉伸过程中的载荷-位移数据。另外通过三维非接触式应变测量系统VIC-3D,记录接头周围孔径区域的应变场变化。图2所示为螺栓连接接头的单轴拉伸试验和非接触全场应变测量系统。对螺栓连接接头进行5组拉伸试验,取平均值作为有效结果。
复合材料失效模式很复杂,包括纤维断裂、基体开裂、层间分层等多种失效方式。本文基于Shokrieh等人在Hashin准则基础上演化而来的三维失效准则[10-11],包括纤维拉伸压缩失效、基体拉伸压缩失效、法向分层拉伸压缩失效以及纤维-基体剪切失效模式,共7种失效模式,表达式如下:
纤维拉伸模式 ( σ 11 0 )
σ 11 X T 2 + σ 12 S 12 2 + σ 13 S 13 2 1
纤维压缩模式 ( σ 11 < 0 )
σ 11 X C 2 1
纤维与基体剪切模式 ( σ 11 < 0 )
σ 11 X C 2 + σ 12 S 12 2 + σ 13 S 13 2 1
基体拉伸模式 ( σ 22 0 )
σ 22 Y T 2 + σ 12 S 12 2 + σ 23 S 23 2 1
基体压缩模式 ( σ 22 < 0 )
σ 22 Y C 2 + σ 12 S 12 2 + σ 23 S 23 2 1
法向拉伸分层模式 ( σ 33 0 ):
σ 22 Z T 2 + σ 13 S 13 2 + σ 23 S 23 2 1
法向压缩分层模式 ( σ 33 < 0 ):
σ 22 Z C 2 + σ 13 S 13 2 + σ 23 S 23 2 1
式中, σ 11 σ 22 σ 33为单向板中纤维、基体、厚度方向的正应力分量; σ 12 σ 13 σ 23为3个平面内的剪切应力分量; X T X C为单向板中纤维方向拉伸、压缩强度; Y T Y C为单向板中基体方向的拉伸、压缩强度; Z T Z C为单向板中厚度方向的拉伸、压缩强度; S 12 S 13 S 23为3个平面内的剪切强度。
公式(1)~公式(7)的值达到1时,材料在该模式下开始失效,实际上复合材料结构在加载过程中当出现局部破坏后,一般不会直接失去所有的承受载荷能力,所以通常用退化模型表现复合材料失效后的性能。单向碳纤维板为线弹性脆性材料,在达到最大强度时,应力急剧下降。因此本文通过ABAQUS用户自定义VUMAT子程序实现7种失效模式的突降退化模型,即失效后的复合材料进行刚度折减,并采用刚度衰减准则[15],如表3所示。该退化准则在一个单元内只对该单元刚度特性有影响,即刚度退化是在单元的基础上进行,假设在具有一个积分点的单元刚度退化仅限于该点邻域。
铝合金采用Ductile失效模式[16]。Ductile失效准则是用于预测具有延展性的金属中空洞和裂纹的形成及演化而引起的损伤模型。该损伤模型假设等效塑形应变为应力三轴度和应变率的函数,失效准则如下:
ω D = d ε - p l ε - D p l η , ε - ˙ p l = 1
式中, ε - D p l为等效塑形应变, ε - ˙ p l为等效塑形应变率, η为应力三轴度, ω D为描述Ductile失效准则状态变量,是无量纲参数,当达到1时,铝合金材料开始发生损伤。
通过ABAQUS建立CFRP与铝合金材料螺栓连接接头三维有限元模型,相比于二维模型,三维模型可以更好地对复合材料厚度方向上力学表现进行预测,并且有利于表征螺栓接头孔径周围区域变化。
图3所示,模型当中复合材料模型中单元尺寸为2.5 mm×2 mm×0.132 mm,厚度方向上建立14层单向板。铝合金材料模型中单元尺寸为2.5 mm×2 mm×0.67 mm。为了更好地观察孔壁周围区域与碳纤维铺层损伤的演化规律,对孔径周围单元进行了细化。全局网格划分中使用六面体缩减积分单元类型C3D8R。边界条件为左端夹持端节点为完全固定,右端建立参考点,使得右端夹持端上的节点与该参考点耦合,并施加准静态位移载荷。全局接触性能中剪切行为采用“罚函数”,摩擦因数为0.3,法向行为采用“硬接触”。
试验中试样单轴拉伸之后得到的载荷与位移曲线和有限元仿真结果对比结果如图4所示。由图4可以看出,CFRP与铝合金螺栓连接的单钉单剪接头承载过程与仿真结果表现出较好的一致性,整个承载特征大致可以分为3个阶段:第一阶段为弹性阶段,即A-B阶段,随着位移载荷增加,螺栓连接接头的承载力线性增加,表现出较强的弹性特征,仿真结果斜率略高于试验结果,这是由于试验中螺栓与孔径之间存在一定的缝隙,载荷力需要先克服CFRP与铝合金之间的摩擦力,使得螺栓与孔壁相互接触并传递载荷,而有限元建模采用十分理想的模型,所以仿真结果斜率略高于试验结果;第二个阶段为CFRP损伤起始阶段,即B-C阶段,随着载荷位移的继续加载,出现了接头承载力急剧下降。由于CFRP为线弹性脆性材料,当载荷达到一定程度,CFRP内部会出现纤维断裂、基体损伤、法向上分层和纤维与基体剪切失效等损伤因素,并不会出现类似金属的延展性损伤,而是突发性损伤,因此出现载荷力突降现象;第三个阶段为接头的失效阶段,即C-D阶段,当位移载荷继续增加,CFRP与铝合金螺栓连接接头的承载力逐渐下降,在这个阶段由于螺栓的挤压,铝合金板的孔径周围出现明显压缩延展性损伤,同时由于CFRP层合板内纤维、基体和法向上分层损伤继续演化,连接接头整体刚度逐渐下降,进而表现为螺栓连接接头的承载能力逐渐下降直到接头完全失效。
由于CFRP层合板制作过程中存在不确定性和材料损伤过程的复杂性,仿真结果和试验结果在损伤阶段存在较大的误差,但是两者的整体趋势表现基本保持一致。为了更好地对比仿真与试验的结果,通过接头强度对比它们之间的差距,接头的强度公式[1]如下:
σ = P m a x 2 A
式中,A为层合板端面面积;Pmax为接头最大承载能力。计算得到试验和仿真结果的连接强度分别为43.39 MPa、40.66 MPa。以连接强度为标准,试验结果与仿真结果的误差为6.3%,在10%以内的误差可以说明该仿真结果是可靠的。
在CFRP与铝合金螺栓连接拉伸试验中,如图5图6所示,在拉伸位移载荷的作用下,CFRP层合板产生移动,导致螺栓产生倾斜,螺帽压溃CFRP层合板表面,CFRP层合板表面生成明显破损裂纹。表面铺层方向为45°,因此裂纹方向为45°方向。在螺栓连接背面可以发现,由于螺栓倾斜,螺母压溃铝板也产生很大形变。
对螺栓连接接头有限元仿真结果进行分析,可以进一步研究接头损伤发生过程及损伤演化的规律变化。取图4中接头损伤阶段E点时刻下的仿真结果作为分析对象。
螺栓连接接头中铝合金板孔径周围的损伤形式如图7所示。当拉伸量为2.6 mm时,通过求解式(8),能够获得铝合金板的初始失效状态,即当式(8)计算值等于1时,单元出现损伤。损伤发生后,可以继续观察到单元的损伤演化程度,当式(8)为≥1时,单元完全损伤失去承载能力,随后被删除。在位移载荷增加过程中,CFRP层合板和铝合金板上下反向运动造成螺栓中轴线倾斜,进而压溃铝合金板孔径周围单元。在螺栓挤压作用下,单元出现损伤萌发和其演化过程,刚度逐渐降低直到最后完全失效,整个接头失效过程中,铝合金展现出很明显的延展性损伤特性。
在螺栓连接接头中CFRP层合板的损伤形式如图8所示,图中的失效损伤状态属于无量纲参数,数值≥1时,单元则出现损伤失效。从有限元仿真结果可以看出,在纤维拉伸和压缩模式、法向拉伸分层模式及纤维-基体剪切模式下没有出现失效单元。CFRP层合板孔径周围失效发生在基体拉伸模式、基体压缩模式和法向压缩分层模式下,其中基体拉伸模式为主要失效模式。当螺栓倾斜挤压CFRP层合板孔径周围的单元时,在加载方向上和层合板的厚度方向上,由于纤维强度远远高于基体强度,因此这种挤压形式导致层合板在基体拉伸压缩以及法向压缩模式下产生失效。
通过CFRP与铝合金螺栓连接接头的试验研究和建立其相对应的有限元仿真模型进行对比,得出以下结论。
a.建立CFRP与铝合金螺栓连接的单钉单剪接头有限元仿真三维模型,铝合金板采用Ductile损伤准则,CFRP层合板采用基于7种损伤形式和刚度折减规则的失效模式,可以很好地表现CFRP线弹性脆性特性和螺栓接头失效过程形变及局部损伤。
b.螺栓连接接头失效过程分为3个阶段:第一阶段为线弹性阶段,在该阶段载荷和位移基本展现出线性关系;第二阶段为CFRP损伤起始阶段,由于CFRP是线弹性脆性材料,当发生起始失效时,载荷出现突然下降;第三个阶段为接头失效阶段,该阶段出现金属损伤和CFRP损伤演化相结合的过程,接头整体刚度逐渐降低。
c.以螺栓接头强度为标准,仿真结果和试验结果误差为6.3%,可以说明了有限元仿真模型的有效性。
d.螺栓接头失效过程中,CFRP失效发生在基体拉伸和压缩模式以及法向分层压缩模式上,铝合金表现出了明显的延展性损伤形式。
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2023年第卷第4期
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doi: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20220250
  • 首发时间:2025-12-01
  • 出版时间:2023-04-20
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    1 一汽解放汽车有限公司商用车开发院,长春 130011
    2 吉林大学汽车仿真与控制国家重点实验室,长春 130022
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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