Article(id=1202250855731916904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, issueId=1202250853794148439, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20220187, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764568540747, onlineDateStr=2025-12-01, pubDate=1674144000000, pubDateStr=2023-01-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764568540747, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-01, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764568540747, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764568540747, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1202250853794148439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, year='2023', volume='', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='72', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764568540285, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764576081444, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1202282483787194627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, issueId=1202250853794148439, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1202282483787194628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, issueId=1202250853794148439, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=8, endPage=14, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1202250856902127748, articleId=1202250855731916904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, language=EN, title=Causes and Countermeasures of 700L Punching Delamination of Hot-Rolled Steel Plate for Frame Side Rail, columnId=null, journalTitle=Automobile Technology & Material, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This paper described the phenomenon of punching delamination of hot-rolled steel plate 700L for frame side rails and its harm. Through macro and micro observation, combined with the blanking process principle, the factors of material, process and mechanism that lead to delamination in punching were analyzed. It is believed that severe plastic deformation during punching leads to serious fibrosis of the structure, and the fibrous structure delaminates or breaks under the action of shear stress and normal stress, forming a competitive mechanism with the generation and expansion of main cracks in the tear band. If the delamination and fracture of the fiber occur later than the crack of the tear band, the delamination or serrated fracture on the surface of the punched hole can be prevented. Using Theory of Inventive Problem Solving(TRIZ) theory, the prestressed punching process is designed and developed, which not only ensures the integrity of the punched hole surface, but also ensures the punch life.

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描述了热轧大梁板700L冲孔分层现象及其危害,通过宏观和微观观察、结合冲裁工艺原理,分析了冲孔分层的材料、工艺因素和机制,认为冲孔过程中剧烈的塑性变形导致组织的严重纤维化,纤维组织在剪切应力、正应力作用下的分层或断裂,与撕裂带主裂纹的产生和扩展形成了竞争机制,如果纤维分层和断裂晚于撕裂带裂纹产生,则可以防止冲裁孔表面分层或锯齿状断口的产生。采用发明问题解决(TRIZ)理论,设计开发了预应力冲孔工艺,既保证冲裁孔表面完整性,又保证冲头寿命。

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高亮庆(1969—),男,研究员级高级工程师,研究方向为汽车钢开发与应用。

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高亮庆(1969—),男,研究员级高级工程师,研究方向为汽车钢开发与应用。

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高亮庆(1969—),男,研究员级高级工程师,研究方向为汽车钢开发与应用。

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抗拉强度Rm/MPa 屈服强度Rp0.2/MPa 断后伸长率A/% 180°
冷弯
实测值 812 755 22.5 未裂
标准值 700~840 ≥650 ≥16 d=2a
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纵梁用钢板拉伸和弯曲试验结果

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抗拉强度Rm/MPa 屈服强度Rp0.2/MPa 断后伸长率A/% 180°
冷弯
实测值 812 755 22.5 未裂
标准值 700~840 ≥650 ≥16 d=2a
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编号 直径 刃口半径
凸模 1# 15.07 0.081
3# 14.96 0.279
凹模 A 16.95 0.100
B 15.98
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冲孔试验方案 mm

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编号 直径 刃口半径
凸模 1# 15.07 0.081
3# 14.96 0.279
凹模 A 16.95 0.100
B 15.98
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热轧大梁板700L冲孔分层原因与对策
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高亮庆 1 , 刘胜 1 , 路洪洲 2 , 郑远宝 1 , 李少兵 1 , 赵江涛 3
汽车工艺与材料 | 视界 2023,(1): 8-14
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汽车工艺与材料 | 视界 2023, (1): 8-14
热轧大梁板700L冲孔分层原因与对策
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高亮庆1, 刘胜1, 路洪洲2, 郑远宝1, 李少兵1, 赵江涛3
作者信息
  • 1 东风商用车技术中心,武汉 430056
  • 2 中信金属股份有限公司,北京 100027
  • 3 宝钢股份中央研究院,武汉 430080
  • 高亮庆(1969—),男,研究员级高级工程师,研究方向为汽车钢开发与应用。

Causes and Countermeasures of 700L Punching Delamination of Hot-Rolled Steel Plate for Frame Side Rail
Liangqing Gao1, Sheng Liu1, Hongzhou Lu2, Yuanbao Zheng1, Shaobing Li1, Jiangtao Zhao3
Affiliations
  • 1 Dongfeng Commercial Vehicle Technology Center, Wuhan 430056
  • 2 CITIC Metal Co., Ltd., Beijing 100027
  • 3 Baosteel Central Research Institute, Wuhan 430080
出版时间: 2023-01-20 doi: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20220187
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描述了热轧大梁板700L冲孔分层现象及其危害,通过宏观和微观观察、结合冲裁工艺原理,分析了冲孔分层的材料、工艺因素和机制,认为冲孔过程中剧烈的塑性变形导致组织的严重纤维化,纤维组织在剪切应力、正应力作用下的分层或断裂,与撕裂带主裂纹的产生和扩展形成了竞争机制,如果纤维分层和断裂晚于撕裂带裂纹产生,则可以防止冲裁孔表面分层或锯齿状断口的产生。采用发明问题解决(TRIZ)理论,设计开发了预应力冲孔工艺,既保证冲裁孔表面完整性,又保证冲头寿命。

热轧大梁板  /  冲孔  /  分层  /  预应力冲孔

This paper described the phenomenon of punching delamination of hot-rolled steel plate 700L for frame side rails and its harm. Through macro and micro observation, combined with the blanking process principle, the factors of material, process and mechanism that lead to delamination in punching were analyzed. It is believed that severe plastic deformation during punching leads to serious fibrosis of the structure, and the fibrous structure delaminates or breaks under the action of shear stress and normal stress, forming a competitive mechanism with the generation and expansion of main cracks in the tear band. If the delamination and fracture of the fiber occur later than the crack of the tear band, the delamination or serrated fracture on the surface of the punched hole can be prevented. Using Theory of Inventive Problem Solving(TRIZ) theory, the prestressed punching process is designed and developed, which not only ensures the integrity of the punched hole surface, but also ensures the punch life.

Hot-rolled steel plate for automobile frame side rail  /  Punching  /  Delamination  /  Prestressed punching
高亮庆, 刘胜, 路洪洲, 郑远宝, 李少兵, 赵江涛. 热轧大梁板700L冲孔分层原因与对策. 汽车工艺与材料, 2023 , (1) : 8 -14 . DOI: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20220187
Liangqing Gao, Sheng Liu, Hongzhou Lu, Yuanbao Zheng, Shaobing Li, Jiangtao Zhao. Causes and Countermeasures of 700L Punching Delamination of Hot-Rolled Steel Plate for Frame Side Rail[J]. Automobile Technology & Material, 2023 , (1) : 8 -14 . DOI: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20220187
车架是载货汽车的骨架,车架质量占整个卡车的10%左右,是重要的轻量化对象。采用“单层纵梁+局部加强”代替“双层大梁”是常用的车架轻量化方案,此时因为设计应力水平的提高或局部刚度的降低,高强度化是必要的应对手段,700 MPa级大梁板代替590 MPa级大梁板成为必然趋势。已有的研究中,常常把高强度大梁板拉伸断口分层、成形开裂问题归因于材料纯净度、微米级碳化物或氮化物、带状组织等材料冶金质量因素,本文试验研究了700 MPa级大梁板冲孔分层问题。
在某型采用700 MPa级热轧高强钢大梁车架的弯扭复合加载台架试验中,偶有穿过铆钉孔的开裂情况(图1)出现,导致台架寿命不能满足可靠性、耐久性要求。进一步分析表明,裂纹起源于铆钉孔内壁冲裁分层形成的舌状区域(图2)。
舌状区域优先于冲孔毛刺侧开裂,降低了冲裁孔的疲劳强度。
图1纵梁上截取纵向拉伸试样,进行拉伸试验,发现材料的拉伸和冷弯性能良好,满足标准要求(表1)。
调查生产现场时发现,在初始相对间隙(间隙与板厚的比值)为10%时,厚度为8 mm的700L钢板90%以上的冲裁孔有分层(图3b)或掉块(图3a)现象,而厚度为8 mm的510L、590L钢板的冲裁孔表面完整,无分层、掉块情况出现。
截取包括冲裁孔的矩形疲劳试样进行轴向拉压疲劳试验,发现疲劳裂纹起源于撕裂带的分层、掉块处或粗糙表面上(图3b),与车架台架试验铆钉孔疲劳开裂模式相同。与铰制孔疲劳试样相比,冲裁孔试样的疲劳强度低56%,存在分层掉块现象的冲裁孔的疲劳强度更低。
截取图1中开裂铆钉孔及其周边7个冲裁孔的轴向截面进行金相观察,发现分层情况不同程度地普遍存在。分层裂纹截面典型形貌如图4a所示,分层裂纹位于靠近剪切带一侧的撕裂带开始部位,撕裂带主裂纹在剪切带末端起源,扩展至第一条分层裂纹后中止,后续断口呈锯齿状,表现出已经分层的纤维束各自断裂后相互连接、形成撕裂带的过程。
硝酸酒精腐蚀后观察,发现有些分层裂纹如文献[1]所述,沿珠光体条带扩展(图4b),有些裂纹沿形变流线形成,但其周围及其延伸线上并无珠光体条带(图4c),高倍组织为铁素体基体上分布着少量的点状析出物或珠光体(图4d)。
图4a所示分层、掉块区域进一步放大倍率观察,发现在分层裂纹的末端延长线上(图5a)或裂纹侧面临近区域(图5b)存在断续分布的微裂纹,且呈即将相互连接趋势。硝酸酒精侵蚀后,图5a微裂纹的形貌如图6a所示,纤维组织断裂后形成裂纹,裂纹继续沿纤维组织方向扩展;在裂纹的末端(图6b),可见点状珠光体形成孔洞及其对裂纹扩展的导引作用。
在另一组组织为铁素体和点状均匀分布的珠光体(图7a)的700 MPa级大梁板的冲裁孔轴向截面上,同样观察到了点状珠光体(←)和液析氮化钛(→)形成孔洞并进一步扩展为微裂纹的现象(图7b)。在该组试样截面上观察到,分层在剪切带末端已经形成了,但此时分层裂纹平行于纤维方向和孔表面,有些分层裂纹并未在撕裂带上露头。
采用扫描电镜观察撕裂带分层掉块断口(图4a)的微观形貌(图8),发现不同区域断口虽然都为韧窝断口,断口上均未见大量的夹杂物,但存在较大区别,反应了断口形成时的应力状态。图4a的Ⅰ号箭头所指为正常的撕裂带断口,表现为剪应力-正应力韧窝;Ⅱ号箭头所指为分层断口,表现为扁平的剪应力韧窝;Ⅲ好箭头为纤维拉断断口,表现为正应力韧窝。
综上,对高强钢冲裁孔分层、掉块产生的原因,做如下分析。
冲裁工艺中,在剪切带形成的过程中,在以凸、凹模刃口连线为轴线的椭圆形区域,存在剧烈的剪切变形,由于变形的累积,在剪切带末端和撕裂带开始段变形最为严重,导致了组织的纤维化。显然,在剪切带(主剪切裂纹)末端,不仅仅在剪切带上,剪切带两侧同样出现了次生剪切裂纹(图7b),严重纤维化组织平行于纤维方向的剪切开裂。纤维化组织中的珠光体条带、点状均匀分布的珠光体、液析氮化钛或粗大的碳氮化物的存在,均将导致变形不协调,对纤维组织分层、断裂有明显的促进作用。但从图4c看出,即便组织中不存在上述珠光体、碳化物,纤维组织自己的断裂或纤维束之间的分离依然会导致纤维组织的分层。
剪切带和撕裂带裂纹是正间隙冲裁工艺追求的结果,撕裂带分层裂纹是同一工艺条件下的意外结果。进一步分析这3种裂纹产生的机制和顺序是改善正间隙冲裁工艺质量的必要措施。
正间隙冲裁工艺中,同时存在2个平行发展的开裂过程。其一是冲裁孔的形成过程中,弹性变形、塑性变形形成塌角和剪切带后,裂纹在凹模刃口和凸模刃口形成和裂纹快速扩展、连接形成撕裂带的过程;其二是在塌角和剪切带形成的同时,剧烈的塑性变形导致钢板组织的高度纤维化以后,纤维组织纵向开裂、横向断裂形成分层和掉块的过程。
纤维组织的分层和断裂与撕裂带主裂纹的形成和扩展构成了竞争机制。
a.如果在撕裂带主裂纹形成、扩展之前,纤维组织没有分层,或者分层裂纹还未扩展至撕裂带主裂纹扩展途径上,则冲裁孔表面完整、平整。
b.如果在撕裂带主裂纹形成、扩展之前,纤维组织已经分层,冲裁孔则出现分层现象,如图4a图9a所示,此时,如果分层纤维没有断裂,凸模刃口起源的裂纹会截断已经分层的纤维组织继续扩展,凹模刃口起源的裂纹扩展至分层裂纹时,将会接续分层裂纹扩展,分层裂纹加深;如果分层纤维已经断裂,且断裂部位位于主裂纹的扩展路径上,则纤维的断口将成为撕裂带的一部分,呈锯齿状断口,也可以理解为撕裂带主裂纹以纤维断裂的方式扩展。
c.凸模刃口和凹模刃口处的主裂纹也可能通过纤维断裂起源,并继续扩展成主裂纹(图9b),裂纹扩展也可能继续以纤维断裂方式进行,此时临近剪切带的撕裂带起始部位呈锯齿状,粗糙度增加,但没有分层现象。
调查发现,基体组织同样为“铁素体+珠光体”、Ti、Nb微合金化的510 MPa级、590 MPa级厚度为8 mm的热轧低合金高强钢纵梁,在同一生产线、同一生产条件下冲孔,没有肉眼可见的分层、掉块情况。
厚度为8 mm的510L、590L热轧高强钢典型组织如图10所示,对比图4d图7a,二者组织中珠光体含量和珠光体带状组织级别均比700L钢板的高,组织均匀性更差;另一方面,厚度为8 mm的510L钢板、590L钢板横向拉伸试验延伸率典型值分别为30%、26%,远高于厚度为8 mm的700L钢板的18%。可见,相对于珠光体含量和分布均匀性,强度和塑性对冲孔分层的影响更大,塑性好,纤维组织不易开裂;强度低,撕裂带主裂纹提前发生,阻止了纤维组织的分层和断裂。
另一方面,对于700L钢板,即使采用质量分数w(C)=0.06%、w(Mn)=1.5%、w(Nb)=0.045%、w(Ti)=0.1%和w(Al)=0.04%,并通过热机械扎制工艺(Thermo Mechanical Control Process,TMCP)获得更大的析出强化效应和细晶强化效应,最大限度减小珠光体含量,获得近100%的铁素体基体组织(图4d),仍然没能阻止图8b所示的分层断口的产生。
近似单一铁素体组织的700L钢板分层断口产生的机制是在塑性变形阶段末期,剧烈的剪切变形导致剧烈的形变强化和晶粒扁平化,扁平晶粒厚度太薄,无法继续剪应变,而在更大剪应力作用下发生剪切开裂。
综上,700L钢板冲孔分层的根本原因在于其塑性较低。
以上试验分析表明,“剧烈的剪切变形导致组织纤维化、晶粒扁平化导致剪切开裂”是高强钢冲孔分层的正常过程,因为其塑性有限,即使高强钢组织高度均匀,没有珠光体和带状组织,只要冲孔过程形成的剪切带足够高,剪切变形足够大,仍然有发生纤维组织沿纤维方向剪切断裂而分层的可能性。
因为难以将700L钢板的延伸率从最高20%提高到590L钢板的26%水平,单从材料均匀性和纯净度上采取措施难以杜绝高强钢分层裂纹的产生。
图11是在8%初始间隙、刃口半径r=0.1 mm时的冲孔过程CAE结果,可见冲孔完成后,最大等效应变区域(图11a)位于剪切带末端和撕裂带开始段,凹模刃口裂纹起源时,最大等效应力分布区域(图11b)近似以凸模刃口和凹模刃口连线为长轴的椭球型区域,最大等效应变和最大等效应力叠加的区域正是分层或锯齿状断口产生的区域。
在塑性变形末期,该区域的应力状态如图12所示。由于周向变形受到限制,周向应变为0,处于平面应变状态,不利于塑性变形。在正间隙冲裁时,该区域的应力球张量为正值σm,如公式(1)所示,间隙越大,垂直于纤维方向的正应力分量σ1越大,应力球张量越大,同时降低该部位材料塑性[2],并促进纤维分层。另一方面,增加冲孔间隙是减小剪切带的有效手段,能减小塑性变形量、减小纤维化程度,对减小分层倾向有利。
σ m = ( σ 1 - σ 2 ) 2
式中,σm为应力球张量;σ1为径向正应力;σ2为轴向正应力。
相反,减小冲孔间隙,将降低危险部位拉应力球张量,改善材料塑性,能够减小垂直于纤维方向的正应力分量,抑制材料分层;但是减小冲孔间隙将导致剪切带的明显增加,增加塑性变形量以及组织纤维化程度,增加分层、断裂的趋势。综上,增加或减小冲裁间隙均可能导致分层加剧或减轻,需要通过试验确定真实的结果。
同样,增加凸模刃口圆角半径(刃口磨损)将增加剪切带长度,从而增加塑性变形量和组织纤维化的程度,强化组织分层倾向,因此也把凸模圆角半径拟定为试验变量。冲裁速度由冲孔机床参数决定,生产上难以调整,因此设为常量,暂不考察其影响。
现生产冲孔的初始相对间隙为8%,模具刃口圆角半径为0.1 mm,在此基础上增加或减小冲孔间隙,调整刃口半径(刃口半径为0.279 mm是生产中因过度磨损、接近报废的冲头),形成表2所示的试验方案,采用图1所示车架同批次厚度为8 mm的700L进行了冲孔对比试验。
图13展示不同工艺条件下的冲裁孔360°表面形貌。冲裁相对间隙为11.75%,凸模刃口半径为0.081 mm时,孔的单侧分层;冲裁相对间隙为12.44%,凸模刃口半径为0.279 mm时,孔的单侧分层;冲孔相对间隙为5.69%、6.38%时,无论凸模刃口半径大小,孔表面均无分层,但圆角半径较大时,剪切带与撕裂带界限不再平直。冲孔相对间隙为5.69%、6.38%时,仅仅冲裁了26个孔,冲头侧面就已经严重拉毛(图14)。
试验表明,减小冲孔间隙和刃口半径,可以有效防止冲孔分层,其中冲孔间隙的影响更大,占主导地位。这说明,改善应力状态和材料塑性、减小垂直于纤维方向的应力水平,对降低纤维分层和断裂有利。但减小冲孔相对间隙到5.69%~6.38%时,凸模寿命大幅缩短。于是,形成了TRIZ理论的“物理矛盾”,冲孔间隙既要大、又要小。
综上,在常用的初始相对间隙(8%~12.44%)和刃口半径下,即使保证材料纯净度、均匀性,厚度为8 mm的700L钢板仍然不能防止冲孔分层和锯齿状撕裂带的发生;而减小冲裁相对间隙至6.38%~5.69%,虽然能够防止分层和锯齿状撕裂带的发生,但却大幅降低冲头寿命。
为了实现“冲裁间隙既要大又要小”,采用TRIZ理论的“位置分离、时间分离”原则,构思了“预应力冲孔工艺和模具(图15)”,即凸模头部由直径不同的2节回转体组成,形成台阶状;凹模形状不变。其工艺条件和工作原理如下。
a.凸模头部第1节与凹模形成20%以上的大相对间隙,第2节与凹模形成7%以下小相对间隙;
b.凸模第1节高度有限,先与钢板接触,压入钢板形成凹坑,但不形成撕裂带,在凹坑周围形成压应力、在凹模侧形成较大张应力后,第2节压入钢板开始其冲裁过程;凹坑周围的压应力区覆盖第2节形成的冲裁边的剪切带和撕裂带的起始部分,降低这些区域的拉应力球张量水平,改善该区域塑性,减小分层倾向;
c.由于凸模第1节的大间隙提前压入,在钢板上形成较大弯矩,即使第2节冲裁间隙很小,仍然可以导致凹模刃口裂纹早期产生,并快速扩展至凸模刃口附近,从而减小冲裁孔剪切带宽度,以达到控制塑性变形量和纤维化程度,减小分层倾向;
d.因为凸模第1、第2节形成的剪切带宽度均得到控制,并且并不同时产生,不会导致冲裁力的大幅提高,不会导致凸模刃口与钢板间的挤压和摩擦增加,从而保证了模具寿命;
e.凸模第2节与凹模形成的间隙很小,大幅降低撕裂带垂直于纤维方向主应力和球面应力水平,防止纤维组织分层。
采用图16所示的双台阶冲头,配合现生产凹模,在纵梁数控三面冲机床上进行了预应力冲孔试验:第1级台阶高度2 mm,冲孔相对间隙25%,第2级台阶冲孔相对间隙6.25%,刃口半径0.1 mm,在厚度为8 mm的700L热轧大梁板上,冲制名义直径Φ15 mm的孔。
对所冲制孔360°环视(图16a)未见分层、掉块现象,剪切带表面光滑、撕裂带表面平整;在沿轴向的截面上磨制金相进行纤维观察,在剪切带末端和撕裂带起始段,同样未见分层和锯齿状断口(图16b)。
连续进行160件支纵梁的冲孔作业,冲制6 720个孔后,拆解冲头观察,刃口侧面磨损正常,未见拉毛现象,可以继续使用。
a.相对于510L和590L钢板,700L钢板的强度显著增加和塑性显著降低,是导致正常初始间隙下冲孔分层的主要原因;尽管700L钢板中的珠光体含量大幅降低、组织均匀性大幅改善,仍然表现出比510L、590L钢板更强的冲孔分层倾向;
b.剪切带形成中,剧烈的塑性变形导致组织严重的纤维化,是分层的前提条件;正间隙冲孔工艺,在剪切带末端和撕裂带上形成的垂直于纤维组织的正应力和拉应力球张量,对材料塑性有重大影响,是导致纤维组织分层的决定性因素;
c.预应力冲孔解决了“冲孔间隙既要大、又要小”的物理矛盾,既防止了冲孔分层和撕裂带锯齿状断口,又保证了冲头寿命。
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张乔英, 刘国平, 赵勇, 等. 低合金高强度钢板拉伸断口分层机理分析研究[C]// 第七届(2009)中国钢铁年会大会论文集(中), 2009: 1137-1146.
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徐胜利. 冲裁间隙变化对冲裁件断面质量影响的力学分析[J]. 锻压装备与制造技术, 2017, 52(4): 78-82.
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doi: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20220187
  • 首发时间:2025-12-01
  • 出版时间:2023-01-20
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    1 东风商用车技术中心,武汉 430056
    2 中信金属股份有限公司,北京 100027
    3 宝钢股份中央研究院,武汉 430080
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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