Article(id=1202250854649786458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, issueId=1202250853794148439, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20220052, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764568540488, onlineDateStr=2025-12-01, pubDate=1674144000000, pubDateStr=2023-01-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764568540488, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-01, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764568540488, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764568540488, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1202250853794148439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, year='2023', volume='', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='72', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764568540285, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764576081444, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1202282483787194627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, issueId=1202250853794148439, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1202282483787194628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, issueId=1202250853794148439, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1, endPage=7, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1202250854834335838, articleId=1202250854649786458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, language=EN, title=Microstructure & Corrosion Resistance Analysis of GA Coating under Cold Rolling Deformation, columnId=null, journalTitle=Automobile Technology & Material, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The Galvannealed(GA)-coated sheets are subjected to cold rolling deformation, and the changes in the morphology, element distribution and corrosion resistance of the GA coating at different reduction rates are explored. The results show that the original coating before rolling is mainly composed of δ(FeZn7) and Γ(FeZn10) phases, and a free Zn layer with loose distributed holes is found on the surface of the coating. The holes are deformed into needle shape along the rolling direction, and the density gradually decreases. When the reduction rate is greater than 40%, the needle-like micro-holes disappears. With the increase of cold rolling reduction rate, the thickness of the coating layer decreases continuously, and the hardness of the coating layer and the substrate increases. When the reduction ratio is larger, the interface presents a zigzag shape. The change of reduction rate has little effect on the distribution of Zn and Fe elements, and there is an iron-rich diffusion layer at the interface between the coating and the substrate. When the reduction rate is greater than 20%, the coating is broken to a certain extent, and a small amount of O element begins to exist at the interface of the coating and the substrate. The weight loss of GA coated sheet under corrosion tends to be gentle with the increase of time, and the difference of loss weight between different reduction rates is small, and the coating after rolling still protects the substrate well.

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对铁锌合金化(Galvannealed, GA)镀层板进行冷轧变形,探究不同压下率下GA镀层的形貌、元素分布以及耐腐蚀性能的变化规律。结果表明,轧制前原始镀层主要由δ(FeZn7)和Γ(FeZn10)相组成,镀层表面存在自由Zn层,且有疏松孔洞,孔洞沿轧向变形为针状,密度逐渐减少,压下率>40%时,针状微孔洞消失。随冷轧压下率增大镀层厚度不断减薄,镀层和基体的硬度增大,较大压下率时,界面处呈现锯齿形。压下率的变化对Zn、Fe元素分布影响不大,镀层与基体界面处存在富铁扩散层;压下率>20%时,镀层发生一定破碎,界面处开始存在少量O元素;GA镀层板腐蚀失质量随着时间的增加趋于平缓,不同压下率下的GA镀层板失质量相差不大,镀层经过轧制之后仍对基体起到良好保护。

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胡贤磊(1975—),男,副教授,博士学位,研究方向为变厚度板带材制备工艺开发和应用,板带材轧制过程数学模型开发。

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2 苏州东宝海星金属材料科技有限公司,张家港 215600, bio={"content":"

胡贤磊(1975—),男,副教授,博士学位,研究方向为变厚度板带材制备工艺开发和应用,板带材轧制过程数学模型开发。

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胡贤磊(1975—),男,副教授,博士学位,研究方向为变厚度板带材制备工艺开发和应用,板带材轧制过程数学模型开发。

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C Si Mn P S Cr N B Ti Fe
0.24 0.23 1.22 0.014 0.002 0.14 0.002 0.003 5 0.046 其余
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22MnB5试验钢化学成分(质量分数) %

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C Si Mn P S Cr N B Ti Fe
0.24 0.23 1.22 0.014 0.002 0.14 0.002 0.003 5 0.046 其余
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位置 元素 原料板 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
表层 Zn 71.99 82.23 77.93 85.11 78.02 85.92
Fe 9.06 9.04 9.34 10.03 9.96 11.20
O 18.95 8.73 12.25 4.86 12.02 2.88
中间 Zn 86.36 85.97 71.16 82.10 76.59 80.56
Fe 9.85 10.23 7.08 11.36 9.61 10.93
O 3.79 3.80 21.75 6.55 13.80 8.51
界面 Zn 87.43 86.50 77.97 80.62 72.67 81.70
Fe 12.57 13.50 14.94 15.79 19.97 15.24
O 7.09 3.59 7.36 3.06
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镀层不同厚度处能谱元素含量(质量分数) %

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位置 元素 原料板 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
表层 Zn 71.99 82.23 77.93 85.11 78.02 85.92
Fe 9.06 9.04 9.34 10.03 9.96 11.20
O 18.95 8.73 12.25 4.86 12.02 2.88
中间 Zn 86.36 85.97 71.16 82.10 76.59 80.56
Fe 9.85 10.23 7.08 11.36 9.61 10.93
O 3.79 3.80 21.75 6.55 13.80 8.51
界面 Zn 87.43 86.50 77.97 80.62 72.67 81.70
Fe 12.57 13.50 14.94 15.79 19.97 15.24
O 7.09 3.59 7.36 3.06
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压下率/% 原料板 10 20 30 40 50
硬度(HV) GA镀层 187.5 236.4 243.9 258.9 271.7 275.7
基体 186.8 205.4 215.0 220.8 230.1 238.4
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不同压下率下基体和GA镀层的硬度值

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压下率/% 原料板 10 20 30 40 50
硬度(HV) GA镀层 187.5 236.4 243.9 258.9 271.7 275.7
基体 186.8 205.4 215.0 220.8 230.1 238.4
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GA镀层在冷轧变形下的组织形貌和耐蚀性分析
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胡贤磊 1, 2 , 覃柱坚 1 , 牛春来 1 , 柯迪文 1 , 支颖 1
汽车工艺与材料 | 视界 2023,(1): 1-7
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汽车工艺与材料 | 视界 2023, (1): 1-7
GA镀层在冷轧变形下的组织形貌和耐蚀性分析
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胡贤磊1, 2, 覃柱坚1, 牛春来1, 柯迪文1, 支颖1
作者信息
  • 1 东北大学轧制技术及连轧自动化国家重点实验室,沈阳 110819
  • 2 苏州东宝海星金属材料科技有限公司,张家港 215600
  • 胡贤磊(1975—),男,副教授,博士学位,研究方向为变厚度板带材制备工艺开发和应用,板带材轧制过程数学模型开发。

Microstructure & Corrosion Resistance Analysis of GA Coating under Cold Rolling Deformation
Xianlei Hu1, 2, Zhujian Qin1, Chunlai Niu1, Diwen Ke1, Ying Zhi1
Affiliations
  • 1 State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819
  • 2 Suzhou Dongbaohaixing Metal Material Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Zhangjiagang 215600
出版时间: 2023-01-20 doi: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20220052
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对铁锌合金化(Galvannealed, GA)镀层板进行冷轧变形,探究不同压下率下GA镀层的形貌、元素分布以及耐腐蚀性能的变化规律。结果表明,轧制前原始镀层主要由δ(FeZn7)和Γ(FeZn10)相组成,镀层表面存在自由Zn层,且有疏松孔洞,孔洞沿轧向变形为针状,密度逐渐减少,压下率>40%时,针状微孔洞消失。随冷轧压下率增大镀层厚度不断减薄,镀层和基体的硬度增大,较大压下率时,界面处呈现锯齿形。压下率的变化对Zn、Fe元素分布影响不大,镀层与基体界面处存在富铁扩散层;压下率>20%时,镀层发生一定破碎,界面处开始存在少量O元素;GA镀层板腐蚀失质量随着时间的增加趋于平缓,不同压下率下的GA镀层板失质量相差不大,镀层经过轧制之后仍对基体起到良好保护。

GA镀层  /  压下率  /  冷轧  /  组织形貌  /  耐腐蚀性

The Galvannealed(GA)-coated sheets are subjected to cold rolling deformation, and the changes in the morphology, element distribution and corrosion resistance of the GA coating at different reduction rates are explored. The results show that the original coating before rolling is mainly composed of δ(FeZn7) and Γ(FeZn10) phases, and a free Zn layer with loose distributed holes is found on the surface of the coating. The holes are deformed into needle shape along the rolling direction, and the density gradually decreases. When the reduction rate is greater than 40%, the needle-like micro-holes disappears. With the increase of cold rolling reduction rate, the thickness of the coating layer decreases continuously, and the hardness of the coating layer and the substrate increases. When the reduction ratio is larger, the interface presents a zigzag shape. The change of reduction rate has little effect on the distribution of Zn and Fe elements, and there is an iron-rich diffusion layer at the interface between the coating and the substrate. When the reduction rate is greater than 20%, the coating is broken to a certain extent, and a small amount of O element begins to exist at the interface of the coating and the substrate. The weight loss of GA coated sheet under corrosion tends to be gentle with the increase of time, and the difference of loss weight between different reduction rates is small, and the coating after rolling still protects the substrate well.

GA coating  /  Reduction ratio  /  Cold rolling  /  Microstructure  /  Corrosion resistance
胡贤磊, 覃柱坚, 牛春来, 柯迪文, 支颖. GA镀层在冷轧变形下的组织形貌和耐蚀性分析. 汽车工艺与材料, 2023 , (1) : 1 -7 . DOI: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20220052
Xianlei Hu, Zhujian Qin, Chunlai Niu, Diwen Ke, Ying Zhi. Microstructure & Corrosion Resistance Analysis of GA Coating under Cold Rolling Deformation[J]. Automobile Technology & Material, 2023 , (1) : 1 -7 . DOI: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20220052
随着能源危机和环境问题的日益加剧,汽车轻量化已经成为世界汽车工业可持续发展的必然道路。热成形工艺与轧制差厚板技术的结合,既提高了车身的强度,又减少了车身材料的浪费,成为各个汽车厂家减重降排方案之一[1-3]。热冲压成形技术既可以解决传统高强度钢冷冲压成形难的问题,又能提高成形零件的强度和精度[4]。早期热成形工艺使用的钢板表面没有镀层,导致奥氏体化过程中,钢板表层产生氧化和脱碳等缺陷,直接影响表面质量和使用效果[5]。为克服这种缺陷,阿赛乐公司开发成功Al-Si镀层板[6],Al-Si镀层热成型钢在高温化会转变为不同Al-Fe-Si合金物,热成形后不需要特别处理,有效保护基板性能。除此之外,Al-Si镀层对冲压模具有良好的保护性能、增强了基体的耐穿孔腐蚀性能。但Al-Si镀层在开裂后不具有阴极保护性能,且专利成本较高。
Zn具有良好的阳极保护特性,将其涂覆在钢板表面,镀层产生裂纹后,仍然可以确保钢板具有良好的耐腐蚀性能。在合金化处理后镀锌(Galvanized,GI)镀层钢板的Zn镀层会形成Zn-Fe合金,有效确保基板的性能不受影响[7-9]。对于汽车零部件而言,由于不同部位零件承受的载荷不一样,为了有效减轻零件的质量,可将钢板厚度进行柔性变厚度轧制,然后再进行冲压变形,这种特殊的变厚度板材称之为差厚板(或TRB板)。由于Al-Si镀层板的专利成本较高,利用铁锌合金化(Galvannealed,GA)镀层热成型钢制备轧制差厚板具有一定经济性。基于差厚板制备工艺[10-11],分析GA镀层板在不同压下率进行冷轧之后的镀层组织形貌,以及耐腐蚀性能的变化规律,为探索GA镀层热成型钢差厚板的工艺可行性提供理论支撑。
试验所用的基体材料为某钢厂生产的22MnB5超高强冷轧热成形钢板,其化学成分如表1所示,其表面通过热浸镀技术及合金化扩散作用(即在热浸镀以后镀层尚未凝固之前,继续升温使得镀层中Zn、Fe发生化合反应)生成Zn-Fe合金镀层,即GA镀层,镀层原料板厚度为1.5 mm。
冷轧试验在东北大学自主研发的直拉式四辊可逆冷轧机上进行,原料厚度为1.5 mm,轧制压下率分别设定为10%、20%、30%、40%、50%,轧制过程中适当喷涂润滑油,保证轧制过程镀层的表面质量。
金相试样沿试验钢轧向取样,试样经过镶样、磨抛后,采用D8 DISCOVER的X射线衍射仪对原料板镀层进行物相分析。在BX53M的奥林巴斯金相显微镜下观察显微组织,利用Image-Pro Plus软件对不同压下率下的厚度按标尺进行测量,不同压下率的镀层厚度取六组数据,求其平均值。利用JEOL JXA 8530F的场发射电子探针及附带的EDS能谱仪对镀层Zn、Fe元素扩散分布进行观察分析。
在FM-700显微硬度计下测量维氏硬度,加载速度为50 μm/s,加载载荷为9.81 N,放大倍数选用500倍,不同压下率下的镀层和基体分别测量6组数据,取其平均值。
采用质量法及极化曲线法衡量22MnB5钢及其GA镀层腐蚀情况,根据日本标准JIS Z 2371进行实验操作,腐蚀溶液为5%NaCl溶液,盐溶液在35 ℃±2 ℃下进行喷雾时,所收集的溶液pH值在6.5~7.2,试样尺寸为50 mm×40 mm,切割得到的试样表面用丙酮进行超声波清洗,为了保证试验的精确,将试样四周裸露基体用熔融石蜡进行保护,防止腐蚀,共准备5组试样,每组6个厚度,将制备好的试样在电子天平上称重,电子天平精度为0.001 g。
原料板Zn-Fe合金化镀层板的组织形貌及X射线衍射仪(XRD)物相分析结果如图1所示,镀层厚度约为10 μm,镀层表层主要是由Fe和Zn形成的δ(FeZn7、FeZn10)相,除了上述合金相之外,镀层表面有很薄的自由锌层,从而使得镀层表面呈现光亮的Zn金属光泽。
图2位不同压下率下的镀层表面形貌。其中,图2a为原料镀层表层形貌,表层粗糙度较大,凹凸不平,有结构致密而平整的连续带,也有疏松有孔洞的合金带,结构疏松的合金带主要为δ相和Γ相,这与原始Zn-Fe镀层合金化处理工艺有关系。随压下率增大,镀层表面逐渐光滑。冷轧压下率为10%时,镀层表层孔洞沿轧向拉长,表现为微观针状孔;压下率≥30%后,表层针状孔逐渐闭合,数量逐渐减少。
Zn-Fe合金镀层经过轧制变形后的截面形貌如图3所示。经过冷轧后,镀层连续性保持完好,镀层与基体结合良好,说明Zn-Fe合金镀层具有较好的延展性。镀层在冷轧后的厚度变化如图4所示,压下率分别为0、10%、20%、30%、40%、50%时,镀层厚度分别为10.06 μm、8.78 μm、8.01 μm、7.77 μm、7.43 μm、6.30 μm。随压下率增大,镀层厚度不断减小。当压下率≤30%时,镀层与基体之间的界面比较平整,镀层变形比较均匀;压下率达到40%至50%时,界面变得凹凸不平,有部分镀层嵌入基体界面,镀层出现破碎现象,但整体呈连续状态。
镀层中元素的分布影响其耐腐蚀抗氧化性能,图5为不同压下率下镀层板的Zn、Fe、O元素线扫分布图,线扫位置从镀层表层开始至镀层与基体界面处结束。从图5a可看出,原料镀层中Zn含量沿厚度方向分布分布较均匀,含量较高,同时镀层中含有均匀少量的Fe和更少量的O;压下率≤20%时,沿厚向Zn、O元素分布较均匀;压下率>20%时,镀层中的Zn、O元素沿镀层厚向变得不均匀,靠近镀层表面处,波动明显,靠近界面处,分布均匀,这说明镀层在冷轧大变形条件下,表层及其附近的元素分布产生了较大的位移,这与大压下率时界面凹凸不平现象相吻合。
对不同厚度下的镀层中的Zn、Fe元素进行面扫,见图6图7。原料板中Zn元素整体含量很高,呈连续分布状态。由于界面处的Zn向基板扩散,表层Zn有部分氧化或挥发,所以靠近表面处和界面处含量比中间部位低。压下率≤20%时,镀层开始发生破碎,Zn元素分布出现不连续状态。当压下率为30%~50%时,由于镀层硬度增加,塑性降低,磨样过程中镀层脱落并附着在镶料与试样的缝隙中,面扫时会造成镀层增厚的假象。接近界面处的Zn元素的分布呈现锯齿形(与镀层的凹凸不平相吻合)。图7为不同压下率下镀层中的Fe元素含量分布,原料板中Fe元素呈连续分布状态,在压下率30%~50%时,表层的Fe元素的分布出现明显不连续性。Fe元素沿着界面均匀分布,形成一层1 μm左右的薄过渡层。过渡层Zn元素比镀层中的含量低,Fe元素比镀层中的含量高。该层主要由Γ相组成,薄片状的Γ相层通常厚度不超过1 μm。Γ相层的形成主要受基板成分的影响,C、P和Si等元素阻碍Γ相层的形成,Ti元素利于其生长。另一方面从面扫图可以看出,镀层实际发生了破碎,但裂纹密度不明显,从而使得金相图上看不出来,由于Zn的阳极保护效果,这种裂纹不会对耐蚀性产生影响。
对不同压下率镀层截面的元素分布进行能谱分析,如表2所示。Zn元素含量总体较高,表层、中间及界面处的基本在72%~87%之间,压下率≥30%时,表层的Zn元素含量比中间及界面处的稍高,但总体影响不大。Fe元素在表层和中间位置的分布差距不大,但界面处Fe元素含量明显增高,这与界面处基体组织Fe含量高有关系。压下率对Fe元素分布影响不大。压下率≤10%时,界面处镀层中没有O元素,随压下率增大,可观察到一定数量的O元素存在,表层和中间层的O元素通过协同变形转移到界面处,而且O元素总体分布不均匀。
GA镀层进行不同压下率的冷轧后硬度也会发生变化,如表3所示。每个压下率下硬度值取6组数据,求其平均值。图8可看出,原料板镀层和基体的硬度基本相等,镀层和基体的硬度均随压下率的增大而增大,镀层的硬度整体上大于基体的硬度,但差距不大。这也证实了即使经过大变形率的冷轧,镀层和基体结合完好的原因,同时硬度的差异造成了大压下率下镀层界面处呈现锯齿形的特点。
图9中可以看出不同压下的无镀层22MnB5钢板随着腐蚀时间的增大,其减重在不断增加。当腐蚀时间小于4.5 h时,其减重速度最快,当腐蚀时间超过4.5 h时,减重呈直线增加,但减重速度小于初始阶段减重速度。随着腐蚀时间的增大,不同厚度板之间的减质量差距在不断增大。
图10为不同压下率下GA镀层板腐蚀减重变化规律。随腐蚀时间的增大,不同压下率的腐蚀失重增大,当腐蚀时间小于4.5 h,其腐蚀减重较快,随着腐蚀时间的进一步增加,其减重速度趋平缓。50%压下率镀层表面孔洞闭合,耐蚀性有所增加,腐蚀失重相较少。但不同压下率的GA板减质量相差不大,说明冷轧加工工艺对其耐腐蚀影响影响很小。
两者对比之下,无镀层板的失质量普遍高于镀层板,并且随着腐蚀时间的增大,裸板失质量呈直线上升,镀层板腐蚀失质量趋于平缓,镀层对基体起到了很好的保护作用。
a.随压下率增大,镀层厚度近似线性减小。轧制后,镀层表层微孔洞沿轧向拉长,形成针状,且随压下率增大而减少,压下率大于40%时,针状微孔洞消失。镀层在轧制过程连续性较好,未出现脱落现象。
b.不同压下率轧制后,镀层中Zn含量较为均匀,且含量较高,在腐蚀过程中均对基体起到良好的保护作用,达到了预期效果,为GA镀层热成型钢差厚板的实际生产探明了方向。
  • 辽宁省自然科学基金项目(2020-MS-079)
  • 中央高校基本科研业务费项目(N2107014)
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doi: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20220052
  • 首发时间:2025-12-01
  • 出版时间:2023-01-20
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辽宁省自然科学基金项目(2020-MS-079)
中央高校基本科研业务费项目(N2107014)
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    1 东北大学轧制技术及连轧自动化国家重点实验室,沈阳 110819
    2 苏州东宝海星金属材料科技有限公司,张家港 215600
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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