Article(id=1200816907428417801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, issueId=1200830037944561964, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20240056, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764226660829, onlineDateStr=2025-11-27, pubDate=1726761600000, pubDateStr=2024-09-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764226660829, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764226660829, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764226660829, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1200830037944561964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, year='2024', volume='', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='72', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764229791389, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764229791389, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null}, startPage=23, endPage=27, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1200816907621355789, articleId=1200816907428417801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, language=EN, title=Analysis and Solution of PVC Cracking of Vehicle Doors and Front and Rear Hoods, columnId=null, journalTitle=Automobile Technology & Material, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to solve the issue of cracking in the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) fine sealing strips in the folded edge areas of passenger car doors, hoods, and trunk lids, and in conjunction with production manufacturing cases of PVC fine sealing strip cracking in the corresponding areas, the paper analyzes the cause of PVC cracking and proposes measures with metallographic analysis method. For the cracking caused by insufficient glue volume of folding edge glue, and sufficient inner and outer board bonding, measures are taken to increase the amount of glue, while ensuring the uniformity of the glue coating. For the cracking caused by external forces, measures are taken to optimize the PVC finishing process to avoid stress concentration. For the cracking caused by over-drying, measures are taken to control the drying time of the PVC. Through the above measures, the cracking are eliminated and solved.

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为解决乘用车车门、前、后盖折边区域聚氯乙烯(PVC)细密封胶条开裂问题,结合生产制造过程中相应区域的PVC细密封胶条开裂案例,采用金相分析方法分析了PVC胶开裂的原因和解决措施。针对折边胶胶量不足,内、外板粘结不充分导致的开裂,采用增加涂胶量并保证涂胶均匀性的措施;针对受外部力作用导致的开裂,采用优化PVC修饰工艺避免应力集中的措施;针对烘干过度导致的开裂,采用控制PVC烘干时间的措施。通过以上措施,问题均得到消除和解决。

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常晓亮(1980—),男,工程师,硕士学位,研究方向为整车防腐及密封开发。

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常晓亮(1980—),男,工程师,硕士学位,研究方向为整车防腐及密封开发。

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常晓亮(1980—),男,工程师,硕士学位,研究方向为整车防腐及密封开发。

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参数名称 标准值 实测值 结论
延伸率/% >150 215 合格
抗拉强度/MPa >1.5 2.96 合格
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PVC材料检验结果

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车门与前后盖PVC胶条开裂问题分析与解决
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常晓亮 , 赵利红 , 张博
汽车工艺与材料 | 生产现场 2024,(9): 23-27
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汽车工艺与材料 | 生产现场 2024, (9): 23-27
车门与前后盖PVC胶条开裂问题分析与解决
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常晓亮, 赵利红, 张博
作者信息
  • 一汽-大众汽车有限公司, 长春 130000
  • 常晓亮(1980—),男,工程师,硕士学位,研究方向为整车防腐及密封开发。

Analysis and Solution of PVC Cracking of Vehicle Doors and Front and Rear Hoods
Xiaoliang Chang, Lihong Zhao, Bo Zhang
Affiliations
  • FAW-Volkswagen Automobile Co., Ltd., Changchun 130000
出版时间: 2024-09-20 doi: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20240056
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为解决乘用车车门、前、后盖折边区域聚氯乙烯(PVC)细密封胶条开裂问题,结合生产制造过程中相应区域的PVC细密封胶条开裂案例,采用金相分析方法分析了PVC胶开裂的原因和解决措施。针对折边胶胶量不足,内、外板粘结不充分导致的开裂,采用增加涂胶量并保证涂胶均匀性的措施;针对受外部力作用导致的开裂,采用优化PVC修饰工艺避免应力集中的措施;针对烘干过度导致的开裂,采用控制PVC烘干时间的措施。通过以上措施,问题均得到消除和解决。

车门  /  前后盖  /  PVC  /  细密封胶条  /  开裂

In order to solve the issue of cracking in the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) fine sealing strips in the folded edge areas of passenger car doors, hoods, and trunk lids, and in conjunction with production manufacturing cases of PVC fine sealing strip cracking in the corresponding areas, the paper analyzes the cause of PVC cracking and proposes measures with metallographic analysis method. For the cracking caused by insufficient glue volume of folding edge glue, and sufficient inner and outer board bonding, measures are taken to increase the amount of glue, while ensuring the uniformity of the glue coating. For the cracking caused by external forces, measures are taken to optimize the PVC finishing process to avoid stress concentration. For the cracking caused by over-drying, measures are taken to control the drying time of the PVC. Through the above measures, the cracking are eliminated and solved.

Door  /  Front and rear hoods  /  PVC  /  Fine sealing strip  /  Cracking
常晓亮, 赵利红, 张博. 车门与前后盖PVC胶条开裂问题分析与解决. 汽车工艺与材料, 2024 , (9) : 23 -27 . DOI: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20240056
Xiaoliang Chang, Lihong Zhao, Bo Zhang. Analysis and Solution of PVC Cracking of Vehicle Doors and Front and Rear Hoods[J]. Automobile Technology & Material, 2024 , (9) : 23 -27 . DOI: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20240056
聚氯乙烯(Polyvinyl Chloride,PVC)胶的主要成分为聚氯乙烯树脂,是通过添加颜料、增塑剂、填料等混合而成的一种固体份可达90%以上的粘稠状物质,具有密封、隔音、抗石击的特性[1],作为一种防腐保护材料在车身上应用广泛。
乘用车车门及前、后盖内外板压合通常采用包边压合的工艺,在压合的折边位置,内、外板间隙较小,且焊装折边胶不能完全填充,存在腐蚀风险,因此,多采用PVC细密封胶条覆盖折边缝隙进行防腐。PVC细密封胶条宽度通常为10 mm,厚度为1.5~2.5 mm。
车门及前、后盖的PVC细密封胶开裂是常见的PVC缺陷之一。胶条开裂会大幅降低折边边缘及内、外板压合缝隙的防腐性能,影响整车外观。为解决PVC开裂问题,需要进行返修,占用大量工时,影响整车生产节拍。本文针对生产制造过程中出现的车门及前、后盖PVC细密封胶开裂问题,研究并分析其原因,并制定解决措施总结针对PVC胶不同开裂形式问题的分析思路。
本文针对某车型前门靠近铰链位置PVC细密封胶开裂问题进行研究。该开裂长度较大,从外观即可判断为贯穿式开裂,如图1图2所示。
为确定开裂原因,从PVC胶材料、烘干工艺参数、PVC胶形态厚度、焊装折边胶填充状态、车门内、外板压合状态等方面进行分析。
PVC胶材料在烘干后具备一定的延伸率及抗拉强度,能在一定程度上保持材料的稳定性,防止开裂。针对出现开裂问题的PVC胶材料批次进行检验。采用标准工艺烘烤固化制备PVC胶检测样件,使用Zwick Z020拉伸机拉伸至断裂,记录断裂力和断裂伸长率,结果如表1所示,材料的延伸率及抗拉强度均符合企业标准。
PVC胶烘干温度对固化后的性能影响非常大,烘干不足或过度烘干均会影响材料的固化效果,降低材料的力学性能。对涂装烘干炉炉温曲线、设备参数、烘干时间进行检查,结果均符合工艺要求。
经过以上材料及工艺检查,可排除PVC胶材料及烘干工艺的影响。
采用截面金相分析法观察折边胶填充状态,以及PVC胶厚度和内、外板压合状态。如图2所示,选取PVC胶裂纹垂直方向的截面作为观察面,采用金相切割、镶嵌制样,利用显微镜观察,对裂纹区域微观结构进行分析,并选取PVC胶未开裂区域的截面进行同样的检查分析,作为对比。
图3所示,PVC胶开裂位置的折边胶胶量严重不足,在内板与外板接触面b处以及压合空腔c处均没有折边胶,在内、外板接触面a处折边胶严重不足(图中暗绿色填充物为折边胶,黑色填充物为镶嵌样件的镶嵌粉)。由图4可知,图3中位置1处的折边胶已经出现了裂纹,说明车门内、外板在产生相对运动趋势的过程中,折边胶胶量不足,造成结构强度不足,无法阻止相对运动的发生,且折边胶自身出现了开裂。在此过程中,折边上的PVC胶也承受了阻止车门内、外板发生相对运动的反作用力,故发生了开裂。
对比PVC胶未开裂与开裂位置的焊装折边胶的截面可知,在PVC胶未开裂的位置(图5),内板与外板接触面a处以及压合空腔c处的折边胶均填充充足,接触面b处折边胶也满足填充率30%的要求。在折边胶充足的情况下,完全可以阻止车门内、外板相对运动的趋势,不需要PVC胶承受反作用力,PVC胶不会开裂。
综上所述,可以判定造成PVC胶开裂的主要原因为车门内、外板折边胶胶量不足,导致结构强度不足。
对PVC胶厚度及压合状态进行测量,结果如图6图7所示。PVC胶开裂处的厚度为1.18 mm,未达到厚度的最低要求(PVC胶厚度要求为2 mm±0.5 mm)。而PVC胶未开裂位置的厚度为2.09 mm,满足要求。开裂和未开裂位置的折边压合厚度及翻边长度均满足要求。
综上所述,车门内、外板粘接不充分造成折边PVC胶的开裂,主要原因为车门折边胶胶量不足,导致结构强度不足,无法阻止内、外板相对运动的趋势。同时PVC胶厚度不足也可能是开裂的影响因素。
为解决PVC胶开裂问题,焊装车间调整折边涂胶工艺,增加涂胶量,同时保证涂胶均匀性,确保到达如图8所示的折边胶涂胶量要求:接触面a处填充率达到100%,接触面b处达到30%,压合空腔c处达到100%,d区域保证涂胶溢出。同时调整涂装PVC车门涂胶厚度和均匀性,使PVC胶厚度达到2 mm±0.5 mm的要求。工艺改进后检查PVC状态,问题消除。
本文针对前盖前部油漆表面轻微开裂问题进行研究。由于裂纹微小,无法判断PVC胶是否开裂,需进行进一步检测,如图9图10所示。
针对前盖前部油漆表面轻微开裂问题,从材料、工艺角度,利用截面金相观察的方法对问题进行分析。
经检查,PVC的材料性能及工艺参数与烘干炉曲线等均符合工艺要求,说明PVC材料及工艺不是开裂的影响因素。
此开裂问题出现在总装工序,但开裂的发生既可能在涂装车间也可能在总装车间。开裂发生的具体地点直接影响对原因的判断,如开裂发生在涂装车间,则不需要考虑在总装过程中因受外力的影响。所以,需要确认开裂发生的具体位置。在总装入口排查发现所有涂装来车均无开裂问题,因此,判断开裂发生在总装车间。
取与裂纹垂直方向的截面,如图10所示,采用截面金相观察的方法确认开裂深度,如图11所示。通过局部放大(图12)可见,表面油漆与PVC胶表面均发生了轻微开裂。
图11可知,开裂位置A不在折边压合开口附近,且焊装折边胶填充较充足,因此,开裂原因可以排除折边胶胶量不足、内外板粘接不牢固。
图11B位置可知,表面的白色色漆涂层与PVC胶发生了明显的剥离,说明此位置受到了扭转力的作用。由图10可知,开裂区域为修饰抹平区和平滑胶条的过度区边缘位置,此位置由于手工修饰PVC胶造成局部形状不规则,在受到外力的情况下,容易发生应力集中开裂,即图10D位置。
综上所述,开裂的原因为图11B位置受到外部扭转力作用,该力传递到位置图11中A(即图10中位置D)处,由于应力集中释放造成该位置PVC胶开裂,图10D位置为裂纹源。由于图11A位置为非直接受力部位,所以仅发生表面开裂。初步判断该扭转力是在发动机罩调整工位进行平度调整时造成的。
根据以上的原因分析,在发动机罩调整工位前、后进行排查。此工位前未发现PVC胶开裂,此工位后出现开裂,确认问题发生在发动机罩调整工位。
为解决发动机罩前部油漆表面轻微开裂问题,制定如下措施:
a. 优化开裂位置PVC胶修饰的工艺,尽量避免出现PVC胶堆积、非平滑过渡、尖角等可能引起应力集中的状态。
b. 重点优化总装车间发动机罩调整手法,避免在靠近PVC胶修饰的位置施力。
通过实施以上措施,问题消除。
针对尾门PVC细密封胶条开裂问题进行研究。目视开裂深度较大,可以初步判断为PVC胶开裂。问题在涂装车间出现,如图13图14所示。
对PVC胶的材料性能及工艺参数进行检查,结果均合格。
通过截面金相观察法可以清晰看到,发生开裂位置的PVC层出现了大量的孔洞,失去了致密的结构,如图15所示。此种情况原因多为PVC胶长时间过烘烤造成材料粉化,使内部产生空洞,PVC胶的抗拉强度下降,从而造成胶条开裂,此种情况多见于返修车[2]
追溯问题车辆状态发现,由于临时停线,造成个别车辆滞留烘干炉内,车辆发生过烘干而出现PVC胶开裂。
本文针对不同的PVC胶开裂案例,提供了裂纹机理分析和有效的解决方案,指出裂纹的截面金相观察方法是分析PVC胶开裂的通用方法,适用于大多数PVC胶开裂问题的分析。通过开裂原因分析和措施验证指出不同PVC胶开裂类型的根本原因分别是:折边胶胶量不足,内、外板粘结不充分导致的开裂;受外部力作用导致的开裂;烘干过度导致的开裂。
本文研究的PVC开裂方式主要是由于受力破坏、应力集中破坏和工艺变化引起的。在实际生产过程中,PVC材料的参数指标变化对PVC使用的性能影响很大,所以在PVC开裂的案例中,应根据实际开裂情况进行全面分析,找到真因,才能顺利解决问题。
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
彭文. 汽车涂装过程中PVC涂料施工工艺简介[J]. 上海涂料, 2010, 48(3): 10-12.
[2]
孙小忠. 张伦周. PVC涂胶线常见问题及解决方法[J]. 汽车工艺与材料, 2009(12): 58-60.
2024年第卷第9期
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doi: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20240056
  • 首发时间:2025-11-27
  • 出版时间:2024-09-20
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    一汽-大众汽车有限公司, 长春 130000
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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