Article(id=1195733617197494407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, issueId=1195733614798357446, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20240364, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763014709995, onlineDateStr=2025-11-13, pubDate=1745078400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763014709995, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763014709995, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763014709995, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1195733614798357446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, year='2025', volume='', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='72', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763014709424, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763015213929, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1195735730925388785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, issueId=1195733614798357446, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1195735730925388786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, issueId=1195733614798357446, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=35, endPage=39, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1195733618405453964, articleId=1195733617197494407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, language=EN, title=Influence of High and Low Speed Switching Position on the Internal Porosity and Mechanical Properties of Magnesium Alloy Die-Casting Parts, columnId=1190284220686766583, journalTitle=Automobile Technology & Material, columnName=Original article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To improve the internal quality and mechanical properties of magnesium alloy die-casting parts, this paper studies the influence of high and low speed switching position on the internal porosity and mechanical properties of AE44 magnesium alloy die-casting parts. The results show that compared with the traditional position of the punch when the alloy liquid reaches the inner gate as the high and low speed switching position, advancing the high and low speed switching position can reduce the porosity inside the casting and improve its mechanical properties. However, advancing the high and low speed switching position too much can actually increase the porosity and decrease the mechanical properties. That is mainly because advancing the high and low speed switching position can reduce the melt temperature drop of magnesium alloy during the filling process, which is beneficial for improving the fluidity of magnesium alloy and the discharge of residual air in the mold cavity. If the high and low speed switching position is advanced too much, it will increase the turbulence level when the melt fills the mold cavity, entrain more gas, and improve the porosity of the casting.

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为提高镁合金压铸件的内部质量与力学性能,对比研究了高、低速切换位置对AE44镁合金压铸件内部孔隙率与力学性能的影响。结果表明:相比于传统将合金熔体达到内浇口时的冲头位置作为高、低速切换位置,将高、低速切换位置适当提前可降低铸件内部的孔隙率并提高力学性能,但高、低速切换位置提前过多会提高孔隙率、降低力学性能;这主要是由于将高、低速切换位置适当提前可减小镁合金在充型过程中熔体温度的降幅,有利于提高镁合金的流动性和模具型腔内残留空气的排出,而高、低速切换位置提前过多,会增加熔体填充型腔时的紊流程度,卷入更多的气体,提高铸件孔隙率。

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付彭怀(1980—),男,副研究员,博士学位,研究方向为镁/铝合金材料与铸造、增材制造技术。
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=+H2ng8eK7PkTFINYXk0VKg==, magXml=2lOGHicx206Oj7RaDLx5bA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=sAaGqlMeG/tkHwBYNnQpOw==, pdfFileSize=3843573, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=xVUsowvpTiZtp3aZr+hF8A==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=Gqf1voa2kVMRRk++8bxCJw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

王嘉诚(1997—),男,博士研究生,研究方向为压铸镁/铝合金材料开发与成型技术。

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王嘉诚(1997—),男,博士研究生,研究方向为压铸镁/铝合金材料开发与成型技术。

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王嘉诚(1997—),男,博士研究生,研究方向为压铸镁/铝合金材料开发与成型技术。

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编号 高低速切换位置
/mm
高速速度
/m·s-1
铸造压力
/MPa
A 900 6 55
B 920 6 55
C 950 6 55
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压铸工艺参数

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编号 高低速切换位置
/mm
高速速度
/m·s-1
铸造压力
/MPa
A 900 6 55
B 920 6 55
C 950 6 55
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元素 Al RE Mn Fe Mg
质量分数 3.97 3.89 0.32 0.04 余量
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合金成分(质量分数) %

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元素 Al RE Mn Fe Mg
质量分数 3.97 3.89 0.32 0.04 余量
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编号 A B C
孔隙率 0.392 0.154 0.182
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附铸试片孔隙率(体积百分数) %

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编号 A B C
孔隙率 0.392 0.154 0.182
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样品 位置 屈服强度/MPa 抗拉强度/MPa 断后伸长率/%
A 1 137 216 9.0
2 136 215 8.5
3 128 205 6.5
4 127 200 5.5
平均 132 209 7.4
B 1 137 238 13.0
2 136 243 13.5
3 136 218 9.5
4 135 215 9.0
平均 136 229 11.3
C 1 136 229 11.5
2 136 228 11.5
3 134 217 9.0
4 129 206 6.5
平均 134 220 9.6
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附铸试片拉伸性能

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样品 位置 屈服强度/MPa 抗拉强度/MPa 断后伸长率/%
A 1 137 216 9.0
2 136 215 8.5
3 128 205 6.5
4 127 200 5.5
平均 132 209 7.4
B 1 137 238 13.0
2 136 243 13.5
3 136 218 9.5
4 135 215 9.0
平均 136 229 11.3
C 1 136 229 11.5
2 136 228 11.5
3 134 217 9.0
4 129 206 6.5
平均 134 220 9.6
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高、低速切换位置对镁合金压铸件内部孔隙率与力学性能的影响
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王嘉诚 1 , 付彭怀 1 , 陈娟 1 , 刘卓铭 2 , 冯光明 2 , 彭立明 1
汽车工艺与材料 | 镁合金汽车产业创新论坛优秀论文 2025,(4): 35-39
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汽车工艺与材料 | 镁合金汽车产业创新论坛优秀论文 2025, (4): 35-39
高、低速切换位置对镁合金压铸件内部孔隙率与力学性能的影响
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王嘉诚1, 付彭怀1, 陈娟1, 刘卓铭2, 冯光明2, 彭立明1
作者信息
  • 1 上海交通大学材料科学与工程学院, 上海 200240
  • 2 宁波力劲科技有限公司, 宁波 315042
  • 王嘉诚(1997—),男,博士研究生,研究方向为压铸镁/铝合金材料开发与成型技术。

通讯作者:

付彭怀(1980—),男,副研究员,博士学位,研究方向为镁/铝合金材料与铸造、增材制造技术。
Influence of High and Low Speed Switching Position on the Internal Porosity and Mechanical Properties of Magnesium Alloy Die-Casting Parts
Jiacheng Wang1, Penghuai Fu1, Juan Chen1, Zhuoming Liu2, Guangming Feng2, Liming Peng1
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240
  • 2 Ningbo L.K. Technology Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315042
出版时间: 2025-04-20 doi: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20240364
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为提高镁合金压铸件的内部质量与力学性能,对比研究了高、低速切换位置对AE44镁合金压铸件内部孔隙率与力学性能的影响。结果表明:相比于传统将合金熔体达到内浇口时的冲头位置作为高、低速切换位置,将高、低速切换位置适当提前可降低铸件内部的孔隙率并提高力学性能,但高、低速切换位置提前过多会提高孔隙率、降低力学性能;这主要是由于将高、低速切换位置适当提前可减小镁合金在充型过程中熔体温度的降幅,有利于提高镁合金的流动性和模具型腔内残留空气的排出,而高、低速切换位置提前过多,会增加熔体填充型腔时的紊流程度,卷入更多的气体,提高铸件孔隙率。

高低速切换位置  /  镁合金压铸  /  孔隙率  /  力学性能

To improve the internal quality and mechanical properties of magnesium alloy die-casting parts, this paper studies the influence of high and low speed switching position on the internal porosity and mechanical properties of AE44 magnesium alloy die-casting parts. The results show that compared with the traditional position of the punch when the alloy liquid reaches the inner gate as the high and low speed switching position, advancing the high and low speed switching position can reduce the porosity inside the casting and improve its mechanical properties. However, advancing the high and low speed switching position too much can actually increase the porosity and decrease the mechanical properties. That is mainly because advancing the high and low speed switching position can reduce the melt temperature drop of magnesium alloy during the filling process, which is beneficial for improving the fluidity of magnesium alloy and the discharge of residual air in the mold cavity. If the high and low speed switching position is advanced too much, it will increase the turbulence level when the melt fills the mold cavity, entrain more gas, and improve the porosity of the casting.

High and low speed switching position  /  Magnesium alloy die-casting  /  Porosity  /  Mechanical property
王嘉诚, 付彭怀, 陈娟, 刘卓铭, 冯光明, 彭立明. 高、低速切换位置对镁合金压铸件内部孔隙率与力学性能的影响. 汽车工艺与材料, 2025 , (4) : 35 -39 . DOI: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20240364
Jiacheng Wang, Penghuai Fu, Juan Chen, Zhuoming Liu, Guangming Feng, Liming Peng. Influence of High and Low Speed Switching Position on the Internal Porosity and Mechanical Properties of Magnesium Alloy Die-Casting Parts[J]. Automobile Technology & Material, 2025 , (4) : 35 -39 . DOI: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20240364
随着能源和环境问题的日益严峻,汽车行业对轻量化要求越来越高[1]。镁是最轻的结构金属材料,具有比强度高、减振性能好、储量丰富等优点,提高镁合金在汽车上的用量占比是提高汽车轻量化的重要途径[2-3]。压铸作为镁合金最主要的成型方式,具有生产效率高、自动化程度高、铸件表面质量高、力学性能优良的优点。但镁在压铸过程中存在易氧化、降温快、流动性差、热裂倾向大等问题,制约了镁合金在压铸成型技术上的应用[4]
在材料、模具、设备等生产条件确定的情况下,压铸工艺参数是决定压铸件质量与性能的关键因素之一[5-6]。镁合金相比于铝合金在压铸工艺上的应用较晚,关于镁合金压铸工艺参数的研究较少,现有文献已针对镁合金压铸的压射速度[7-9]、增压压力[7-8,10]、浇注温度[9-11]、真空度[11-12]等压铸工艺参数对铸件质量的影响进行了研究,但对高、低速切换位置的研究较少。高、低速切换位置是指合金熔体从低速运动转为高速运动的临界点,是影响铸件质量的重要参数。
本文主要以某AE44压铸件末端的附铸试片为研究对象,研究高、低速切换位置对其内部孔隙率与力学性能的影响。该附铸试片位于铸件充型末端,为熔体流动状态最紊乱、熔体温度最低的部位,也是各类缺陷最集中的位置。通过检测附铸试片的孔隙率与力学性能,可在不破坏零件本体的情况下,预测铸件本体的内部质量与力学性能。
本文试验用铸件(含浇排系统)总投影面积约为0.5 m2,质量约为11 kg,利用宇部3 550 t卧式压铸机进行压铸试验,铸件及附铸试片位置如图1所示。
压铸时采用的浇注温度为700 ℃±5 ℃,模具温度(模温机回油温度)约为250 ℃。压室总长度为1 250 mm,通过铸造模拟软件计算得到合金熔体达到内浇口时的冲头位置约为950 mm,故以此为基准设计了3组不同的高、低速切换位置,具体的压铸工艺参数如表1所示。
采用PerkinElmer Avio 500电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer,ICP-OES)测定合金成分,结果如表2所示。利用Zeiss Xradia 520 Versa X射线显微镜(X-ray Microscopy,XRM)对样品内部的孔隙进行无损观测,扫描区域如图2所示。
在铸件末端附铸试片的1、2、3、4位置(图2)利用线切割取图3所示的拉伸试片(单位mm)。利用Zwick Z100电子万能试验机测定样品的力学性能,拉伸试验方法按GB/T 228.1—2021《金属材料 拉伸试验 第1部分:室温试验方法》执行。
传统工业CT的分辨率一般为厘米或毫米级别,对于铸件内部微米级别的孔隙分辨能力差或无法分辨。本次使用X射线显微镜扫描的体素分辨率为55 μm,该仪器可识别的最小孔洞直径约为体素分辨率的2倍,故可识别的最小孔洞直径约为110 μm。
利用Dragonfly软件对X射线显微镜的扫描结果进行三维重构,结果如图4所示。
进一步利用Dragonfly软件提取试片内部的孔隙,并计算附铸试片的整体孔隙率(孔隙总体积/试片体积),结果如表3所示。由图4表3可知,样品B整体的孔隙率最低,样品C其次,样品A最高,且样品C中存在一个明显的涡旋。
将不同体积孔隙的数量绘制为频率分布直方图,如图5所示。样品A各个体积范围的孔隙数量均显著高于样品B与样品C;样品B中小孔隙(体积<0.1 mm3)数量多,但大孔隙数量少(体积>0.5 mm3),故其整体的孔隙率最低;样品C大孔隙(体积>0.5 mm3)数量多于样品B,且存在3个体积>1 mm3的孔隙。由图4c可知,孔隙类缺陷主要集中在涡旋处。
试片不同位置所取的拉伸试片拉伸性能如表4所示,将样品A、样品B、样品C的抗拉强度与断后伸长率绘制为散点图,如图6所示。样品B整体的拉伸性能优于样品A与样品C,这与孔隙率的结果一致,孔隙率越低,样品的力学性能越高。与样品C相比,样品B的平均屈服强度、抗拉强度、断后伸长率分别提高了1.68%、3.86%、16.88%。与样品C相比,样品A的平均屈服强度、抗拉强度、断后伸长率则分别降低了1.31%、5%、23.38%。综上可知,孔隙率对断后伸长率的影响最大,对屈服强度的影响最小。
此外,通过对比样品B和样品C的孔隙分布与力学性能可知,样品C中位置1、2、3的力学性能与样品B相近,而位置4的力学性能显著低于样品B,甚至与样品A相近。推测与样品C中位置4处存在一个孔隙缺陷聚集的涡旋有关,即聚集的孔隙缺陷对力学性能的损害显著大于弥散分布的小孔隙。
结合图2图4表4可知,样品的1、2位置分别位于进料口与排气(渣)口,这2个位置合金熔体流动较为顺畅,孔隙明显较少,力学性能也明显高于3、4位置;3、4位置排气能力相对较弱,孔隙明显增多,且位置4离渣包更远,孔隙更多,力学性能最低。
样品C的高、低速切换位置最晚,合金熔体充填附铸试片时的动力已不足,无法将模具型腔内残留的空气充分排出,故在样品内部形成了一个涡旋。与样品C相比,样品B高、低速切换位置提前,减少了合金熔体在充型过程中的温度降幅,提高了合金熔体的流动性与充填速率,使合金熔体可将附铸试片内残留的空气顺利排出,样品内部无明显的涡旋,样品整体孔隙率降低。与样品B相比,样品A高、低速切换位置进一步提前,导致合金熔体过早形成不稳定的高速紊流,在充型过程中卷入更多气体,虽然样品内部无明显涡旋,但样品整体孔隙率显著增加。
a. 当高、低速切换位置为920 mm时,本文所研究的AE44镁合金压铸件的附铸试片可获得最低的孔隙率(0.154%)与最高的力学性能,平均力学性能可达屈服强度为136 MPa、抗拉强度为229 MPa、断后伸长率为11.3%,相比于高、低速切换位置未提前时(950 mm)分别提高了1.68%、3.86%、16.88%。
b. 将高、低速切换位置适当提前(提前约30 mm),本文中铸件内部孔隙率降低、力学性能提高;但高、低速切换位置不宜提前过多:当提前量增加至50 mm时,铸件内部孔隙率反而增加,力学性能反而降低。
c. 铸件内部孔隙率越低,力学性能越高;孔隙率对断后伸长率的影响最大、对屈服强度的影响最小。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFB3701000)
  • 宁波科技项目(20241ZDYF020400)
  • 自然科学基金项目(U21A2048)
  • 自然科学基金项目(51821001)
  • 上海市科委重点项目(21DZ1208200)
  • 广东省重点领域研发计划(2020B010186001)
  • 上海市技术合同(2024310031003044)
  • 广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2022B1515120046)
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2025年第卷第4期
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doi: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20240364
  • 首发时间:2025-11-13
  • 出版时间:2025-04-20
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出版历史
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFB3701000)
宁波科技项目(20241ZDYF020400)
自然科学基金项目(U21A2048)
自然科学基金项目(51821001)
上海市科委重点项目(21DZ1208200)
广东省重点领域研发计划(2020B010186001)
上海市技术合同(2024310031003044)
广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2022B1515120046)
作者信息
    1 上海交通大学材料科学与工程学院, 上海 200240
    2 宁波力劲科技有限公司, 宁波 315042

通讯作者:

付彭怀(1980—),男,副研究员,博士学位,研究方向为镁/铝合金材料与铸造、增材制造技术。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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