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Article(id=1195733615691744199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, issueId=1195733614798357446, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20240380, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763014709637, onlineDateStr=2025-11-13, pubDate=1745078400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763014709637, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763014709637, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763014709637, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1195733614798357446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, year='2025', volume='', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='72', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763014709424, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763015213929, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1195735730925388785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, issueId=1195733614798357446, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1195735730925388786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, issueId=1195733614798357446, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=25, endPage=34, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1195733616350249933, articleId=1195733615691744199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, language=EN, title=The Effect and Application of Electrical Parameters and Electrolyte Concentration on the Properties of Micro-Arc Oxidation Coating on Magnesium Alloy, columnId=1190284220686766583, journalTitle=Automobile Technology & Material, columnName=Original article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate the effect of electrical parameters and electrolyte concentration on the properties of Micro-Arc Oxidation (MAO) coatings on magnesium alloys, Mg-Zn series magnesium alloys are used as the research substrate. Silicate-based electrolyte is employed to prepare MAO coatings on the surface of the magnesium alloy. By varying the electrical parameters and electrolyte concentration, this paper studies the influence of different parameters on the performance of the MAO coatings. The results show that with the increase of voltage and duty cycle, and the decrease of frequency, the energy provided increases, leading to an accelerated coating growth rate and an increase in coating thickness. With the increase in current density, the coating thickness initially increases and then decreases, as the effect of current density on coating thickness depends on the growth rate and reaction time. The coating thickness is directly proportional to the electrolyte concentration; however, excessively high electrolyte concentrations can cause localized ablation, resulting in coating detachment. The MAO coatings significantly enhance the corrosion resistance of the magnesium alloy, and both increased coating thickness and reduced pore size can improve the corrosion resistance. MAO samples immersed in a 3.5% sodium chloride solution for 120 h exhibits a corrosion rate of 0.24 mm/a. A composite coating of MAO followed by electrophoretic deposition is prepared on the surface of a magnesium alloy automotive battery case. The MAO coating thickness is approximately 13.7 μm, and the electrophoretic coating thickness is about 25 μm, withstanding a neutral salt spray test for 720 h.

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为研究电参数和电解液浓度对镁合金微弧氧化膜层性能的影响，以Mg-Zn系镁合金为研究载体，采用硅酸盐体系电解液，在镁合金表面制备了微弧氧化膜，通过改变电参数及电解液浓度，研究了不同参数对微弧氧化膜层性能的影响。结果表明：随着电压的升高、占空比的增加、频率的减小，提供的能量增加，膜层生长速率加快，膜层厚度随之增加；随着电流密度的增加，膜层厚度先增加后减小，电流密度对膜层厚度的影响取决于生长速率和反应时间。膜层厚度与电解液浓度成正比，但电解液浓度过高将引起局部烧蚀，导致膜层脱落。微弧氧化膜层能够显著提高镁合金的耐腐蚀性，膜层厚度增加和膜层孔径减小均可提高镁合金的耐腐蚀性。微弧氧化试样采用质量分数为3.5%的氯化钠溶液浸泡120 h，腐蚀速率仅为0.24 mm/a。在镁合金汽车电池箱体表面制备了微弧氧化+电泳复合膜层，微弧氧化膜层厚度约为13.7 μm，电泳涂层厚度约为25 μm，中性盐雾试验720 h后无明显锈蚀。

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邱鑫（1981—），男，研究员，博士学位，研究方向为高强高韧稀土镁合金强化机理及其应用，。
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毕勇（1987—），男，助理工程师，硕士学位，研究方向为金属材料表面处理技术。

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毕勇（1987—），男，助理工程师，硕士学位，研究方向为金属材料表面处理技术。

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毕勇（1987—），男，助理工程师，硕士学位，研究方向为金属材料表面处理技术。

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点滴时间/s 94 269 568
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不同电压微弧氧化试样点滴试验结果

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电压/V 185 298 357
点滴时间/s 94 269 568
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电流密度/A·dm-2 20 22 24
点滴时间/s 271 294 252
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不同电流密度微弧氧化试样点滴试验结果

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电流密度/A·dm-2 20 22 24
点滴时间/s 271 294 252
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不同占空比微弧氧化试样点滴试验结果

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不同频率微弧氧化试样点滴试验结果

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不同Na2SiO3浓度微弧氧化试样点滴试验结果

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不同KOH浓度微弧氧化试样点滴试验结果

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电参数 电压/V 频率/Hz 占空比/%
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电池箱体微弧氧化电解液浓度 g·L-1

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电解液组分 Na2SiO3 KF KOH
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电参数及电解液浓度对镁合金微弧氧化膜层性能的影响及应用
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毕勇 1 , 王鹏越 2 , 孙伟 1 , 王成刚 2 , 王天华 2 , 邱鑫 1
汽车工艺与材料 | 镁合金汽车产业创新论坛优秀论文 2025,(4): 25-34
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汽车工艺与材料 | 镁合金汽车产业创新论坛优秀论文 2025, (4): 25-34
电参数及电解液浓度对镁合金微弧氧化膜层性能的影响及应用
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毕勇1, 王鹏越2, 孙伟1, 王成刚2, 王天华2, 邱鑫1
作者信息
  • 1 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所， 长春 130022
  • 2 一汽铸造有限公司， 长春 130011

    • 毕勇（1987—），男，助理工程师，硕士学位，研究方向为金属材料表面处理技术。

通讯作者:

邱鑫（1981—），男，研究员，博士学位，研究方向为高强高韧稀土镁合金强化机理及其应用，。
The Effect and Application of Electrical Parameters and Electrolyte Concentration on the Properties of Micro-Arc Oxidation Coating on Magnesium Alloy
Yong Bi1, Pengyue Wang2, Wei Sun1, Chenggang Wang2, Tianhua Wang2, Xin Qiu1
Affiliations
  • 1 Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022
  • 2 FAW Foundry Co., Ltd., Changchun 130011
出版时间: 2025-04-20 doi: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20240380
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摘要
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为研究电参数和电解液浓度对镁合金微弧氧化膜层性能的影响，以Mg-Zn系镁合金为研究载体，采用硅酸盐体系电解液，在镁合金表面制备了微弧氧化膜，通过改变电参数及电解液浓度，研究了不同参数对微弧氧化膜层性能的影响。结果表明：随着电压的升高、占空比的增加、频率的减小，提供的能量增加，膜层生长速率加快，膜层厚度随之增加；随着电流密度的增加，膜层厚度先增加后减小，电流密度对膜层厚度的影响取决于生长速率和反应时间。膜层厚度与电解液浓度成正比，但电解液浓度过高将引起局部烧蚀，导致膜层脱落。微弧氧化膜层能够显著提高镁合金的耐腐蚀性，膜层厚度增加和膜层孔径减小均可提高镁合金的耐腐蚀性。微弧氧化试样采用质量分数为3.5%的氯化钠溶液浸泡120 h，腐蚀速率仅为0.24 mm/a。在镁合金汽车电池箱体表面制备了微弧氧化+电泳复合膜层，微弧氧化膜层厚度约为13.7 μm，电泳涂层厚度约为25 μm，中性盐雾试验720 h后无明显锈蚀。

镁合金  /  微弧氧化  /  电参数  /  电解液浓度  /  耐蚀性

To investigate the effect of electrical parameters and electrolyte concentration on the properties of Micro-Arc Oxidation (MAO) coatings on magnesium alloys, Mg-Zn series magnesium alloys are used as the research substrate. Silicate-based electrolyte is employed to prepare MAO coatings on the surface of the magnesium alloy. By varying the electrical parameters and electrolyte concentration, this paper studies the influence of different parameters on the performance of the MAO coatings. The results show that with the increase of voltage and duty cycle, and the decrease of frequency, the energy provided increases, leading to an accelerated coating growth rate and an increase in coating thickness. With the increase in current density, the coating thickness initially increases and then decreases, as the effect of current density on coating thickness depends on the growth rate and reaction time. The coating thickness is directly proportional to the electrolyte concentration; however, excessively high electrolyte concentrations can cause localized ablation, resulting in coating detachment. The MAO coatings significantly enhance the corrosion resistance of the magnesium alloy, and both increased coating thickness and reduced pore size can improve the corrosion resistance. MAO samples immersed in a 3.5% sodium chloride solution for 120 h exhibits a corrosion rate of 0.24 mm/a. A composite coating of MAO followed by electrophoretic deposition is prepared on the surface of a magnesium alloy automotive battery case. The MAO coating thickness is approximately 13.7 μm, and the electrophoretic coating thickness is about 25 μm, withstanding a neutral salt spray test for 720 h.

Magnesium alloy  /  Micro-arc oxidation  /  Electrical parameter  /  Electrolyte concentration  /  Corrosion resistance
毕勇, 王鹏越, 孙伟, 王成刚, 王天华, 邱鑫. 电参数及电解液浓度对镁合金微弧氧化膜层性能的影响及应用. 汽车工艺与材料, 2025 , (4) : 25 -34 . DOI: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20240380
Yong Bi, Pengyue Wang, Wei Sun, Chenggang Wang, Tianhua Wang, Xin Qiu. The Effect and Application of Electrical Parameters and Electrolyte Concentration on the Properties of Micro-Arc Oxidation Coating on Magnesium Alloy[J]. Automobile Technology & Material, 2025 , (4) : 25 -34 . DOI: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20240380
正文
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1 前言
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镁合金具有密度低、比强度高、导电导热性好、阻尼减振性好及可回收利用等优点，广泛应用于航空航天、电子通信、汽车制造、生物医学及能源等领域[1-3]。镁合金表面氧化膜疏松多孔，在腐蚀介质中无法有效保护基体，导致镁合金的耐蚀性较差[4-5]。镁合金化学性质活泼，与其他常用金属材料相比，具有较高的电负性，当与异种金属接触时，由于存在电位差而发生电偶腐蚀，镁合金部件作为阳极会加速腐蚀[6-9]，腐蚀问题已成为限制镁合金应用的最大障碍。
通过表面处理技术在金属或其合金表面生成一定厚度的防护层，利用表面防护层隔离基体与腐蚀介质，可提高镁合金的耐蚀性能。化学转化、阳极氧化、微弧氧化是镁合金常用的表面防护处理技术。化学转化是基体与处理液发生化学反应，在金属表面生成一层具有保护基体作用的钝化膜[10-12]。阳极氧化是将金属置于电解液中，在一定电压和电流的作用下，金属表面生成阳极氧化膜[13-14]。微弧氧化技术是一种在金属表面原位生长以基体金属氧化物为主的陶瓷膜的技术，该陶瓷膜层具有高耐磨性、高耐腐蚀性及与基体结合强度高等优势[15-16]，是目前应用最广泛的镁合金表面处理方法。微弧氧化是金属置于电解液中，在合适的电参数控制下发生的氧化反应，因此，对微弧氧化膜层性能影响较大的因素主要有电参数及电解液。随着电压的升高，镁合金微弧氧化膜层厚度增加，同时膜层微孔尺寸增大，孔隙率降低[17-18]。AZ91D镁合金微弧氧化膜层耐腐蚀性随电流密度的增加而提高，表面粗糙度减小[19]。AZ31B镁合金微弧氧化膜层致密度及耐腐蚀性随着频率的增加而显著提高[20]。与磷酸盐体系电解液相比，ZM5镁合金在硅酸盐体系电解液中制备的微弧氧化膜层更厚，硬度及附着力更强，孔隙率更小[21]。在硅酸盐体系电解液中，ZM21镁合金微弧氧化膜层厚度随NaF浓度的增加而增加[22]；AZ31镁合金微弧氧化膜层厚度及孔径随着(NaPO3)6浓度的增加而增加[23]。基于此，本文采用硅酸盐体系电解液，在Mg-Zn系镁合金表面制备微弧氧化膜层，研究电参数及电解液浓度对微弧氧化膜层性能的影响。
2 试验材料及方法
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试验材料为Mg-Zn系镁合金，主要化学成分（质量分数）为Zn（7.5%~8.5%）、Al（0.8%~1.2%）、Mn（0.4%~0.6%）、Cu（0.4%~0.6%），其余为Mg。试样尺寸为45 mm×25 mm×5 mm，依次采用600#、800#、1000#、2000#金相砂纸进行打磨，去离子水清洗并冷风吹干，待微弧氧化处理。硅酸盐体系电解液由硅酸钠、氟化钾、氢氧化钾和去离子水配制而成，其中硅酸钠浓度为5~20 g/L，氟化钾浓度为2~15 g/L，氢氧化钾浓度为5~15 g/L。
采用HNMAO-200A-1500DPM型微弧氧化设备进行微弧氧化，镁合金试样为阳极，不锈钢板为阴极，额定电流为200 A，最大峰值电流为1 500 A，最高电压为700 V，频率范围为50~1 000 Hz，脉宽范围为50~500 μs；采用S-4800扫描电子显微镜（Scanning Electron Microscope，SEM）观测微弧氧化膜层表面及截面的微观形貌；采用TIME2601型涡流覆层测厚仪测量膜层厚度；采用质量分数为3.5%的氯化钠溶液浸泡试验测试镁合金试样的耐蚀性；采用KMnO4-HNO3溶液点滴试验快速测试镁合金试样的耐蚀性；采用YWX/Q系列盐雾（质量分数为5%的氯化钠溶液）腐蚀试验箱进行中性盐雾试验。
3 试验结果及分析
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3.1 电参数对微弧氧化膜层性能的影响
3.1.1 电压对微弧氧化膜层性能的影响
选择恒压控制模式，改变电压分别为185 V、298 V、357 V、405 V，研究电压对微弧氧化膜层性能的影响，其他电参数为：频率为500 Hz，占空比为10%。
不同电压微弧氧化膜层的截面和表面微观形貌如图1所示，膜层厚度随着电压的升高而增加，电压越高，提供的能量越多，促进了微弧氧化反应，提高了膜层生长速率，进而增加了膜层厚度，当电压提高到405 V时，由于能量过多，产生局部烧蚀现象，局部烧蚀宏观形貌如图2a所示。膜层表面层孔径随电压的升高而增加，当电压较小时，合金表面产生很多均匀细小的火花，在表面形成的蜂窝状微孔的孔径较小，随着电压的升高，膜层厚度增加，击穿时需要的能量更多，放电通道增大，从而使表面微孔的孔径越来越大。KMnO4-HNO3溶液点滴试验结果如表1所示，随着电压的升高，膜层厚度增加，点滴时间越长，合金的耐蚀性能越好。
3.1.2 电流密度对微弧氧化膜层性能的影响
选择恒流控制模式，改变电流密度分别为20 A/dm2、22 A/dm2、24 A/dm2、26 A/dm2，研究电流密度对微弧氧化膜层性能的影响，其他电参数为：频率为500 Hz，占空比为10%。
不同电流密度微弧氧化膜层的截面和表面微观形貌如图3所示，随着电流密度的增加，膜层厚度先增加后减小，当电流密度为26 A/dm2时，为氧化反应提供了过多的能量，火花变大，反应加剧，发生局部烧蚀现象，导致膜层脱落，局部烧蚀宏观形貌如图2b所示。电流密度增加，反应能量增加，膜层生长速率加快；在反应过程中，随着膜层电阻的增加，电压不断升高，电流密度越大，电压上升越快，而反应时间越短，因此，电流密度对膜层厚度的影响取决于生长速率和反应时间。当电流密度在20~24 A/dm2范围内变化时，表面膜层孔径变化较小，存在少量裂纹，微孔和裂纹均会成为腐蚀介质侵蚀基体的通道。KMnO4-HNO3溶液点滴试验结果如表2所示，膜层越厚，点滴时间越长，合金的耐蚀性能越好，当膜层孔径相差不大时，合金的耐蚀性能主要取决于膜层厚度。
3.1.3 占空比对微弧氧化膜层性能的影响
选择恒压控制模式，改变占空比分别为5%、7.5%、10%、12.5%，研究占空比对微弧氧化膜层性能的影响，其他电参数为：电压为380 V，频率为500 Hz。
占空比是指在一个脉冲周期内通电时间与整个周期的比值，通电时间即为微弧氧化反应时间，断开时间即为凝固时间。不同占空比微弧氧化膜层的截面和表面微观形貌如图4所示，膜层厚度随占空比的增加而增加，当占空比增加到12.5%时，微弧氧化反应过于剧烈，引起局部烧蚀，局部烧蚀宏观形貌如图2c所示。占空比增加，即单个脉冲放电时间增加，能量增加，促进了膜层的生长，膜层厚度随之增加。当占空比由5%增加至7.5%时，膜层表面层孔径略有增长，当占空比进一步增加至10%时，膜层表面层孔径增长明显。KMnO4-HNO3溶液点滴试验结果如表3所示，占空比为10%时的膜层厚度虽然较占空比为7.5%时略厚，但点滴时间较短，主要是由于占空比为10%时膜层孔径较大，裂纹较多，腐蚀介质更易侵蚀合金基体，耐蚀性较差。
3.1.4 频率对微弧氧化膜层性能的影响
选择恒压控制模式，改变频率分别为300 Hz、500 Hz、700 Hz、900 Hz，研究频率对微弧氧化膜层性能的影响，其他电参数为：电压为380 V，占空比为10%。
不同频率微弧氧化膜层的截面和表面微观形貌如图5所示，膜层厚度随频率的增加而减小，当频率为300 Hz时，局部发生烧蚀现象，局部烧蚀宏观形貌如图2d所示。频率的提高导致单个脉冲周期减少，而占空比不变，则单个脉冲的通电时间相应缩短，能量降低，膜层生长速率降低，因此，随着频率的提高，膜层厚度逐渐减小。当频率由500 Hz提高至700 Hz时，膜层表面层孔径变化较小，当频率提高至900 Hz时，膜层表面层孔径明显减小。KMnO4-HNO3溶液点滴试验结果如表4所示，当频率为500 Hz时，膜层最厚，点滴时间相对较长，而当频率为700 Hz、900 Hz时，点滴时间几乎相同，当膜层厚度相差较小时，膜层孔径对合金耐蚀性起到决定性作用。
3.2 电解液浓度对微弧氧化膜层性能的影响
3.2.1 Na2SiO3浓度对微弧氧化膜层性能的影响
硅酸盐体系电解液中，Na2SiO3作为主成膜剂，是生成微弧氧化膜的主要成分，Na2SiO3的浓度直接影响能够参与氧化反应的离子数量，改变Na2SiO3浓度分别为7.5 g/L、10 g/L、12.5 g/L、15 g/L，研究Na2SiO3浓度对微弧氧化膜层性能的影响，其他电解液组分浓度为：KF浓度为3 g/L，KOH浓度为6 g/L。
不同Na2SiO3浓度微弧氧化膜层的截面和表面微观形貌如图6所示，随着Na2SiO3浓度的增加，参与氧化反应的离子数量增加，提高了膜层生长速率，膜层厚度逐渐增加。当Na2SiO3浓度为15 g/L时，击穿电压降低，易产生电火花，且试样表面电火花密度增加，反应剧烈程度增加，引起局部烧蚀，局部烧蚀宏观形貌如图2e所示。膜层表面层孔径随着Na2SiO3浓度的增加而减小，由于Na2SiO3浓度越高，起弧电压越低，反应终止电压随之降低，减少火花放电能量，使膜层孔径减小。KMnO4-HNO3溶液点滴试验结果如表5所示，随着Na2SiO3浓度的增加，膜层厚度略有增加，膜层孔径减小，点滴时间越长，合金的耐蚀性能越好。
3.2.2 KF浓度对微弧氧化膜层性能的影响
电解液中加入适量的KF可提高溶液的电导率，加快成膜速率，促进膜层的生长，改变KF浓度分别为2 g/L、2.5 g/L、3 g/L、3.5 g/L，研究KF浓度对微弧氧化膜层性能的影响，其他电解液组分浓度为：Na2SiO3浓度为12.5 g/L，KOH浓度为5 g/L。
不同KF浓度微弧氧化膜层的截面和表面微观形貌如图7所示，随着KF浓度的增加，膜层厚度逐渐增加，当KF浓度为3.5 g/L时，由于电导率过高，产生尖端放电现象，发生局部烧蚀，局部烧蚀宏观形貌如图2f所示。膜层表面层孔径变化较小，因此，合金耐蚀性主要取决于膜层厚度。KMnO4-HNO3溶液点滴试验结果如表6所示，随着KF浓度的增加，膜层厚度略有增加，点滴时间越长，合金的耐蚀性能越好。
3.2.3 KOH浓度对微弧氧化膜层性能的影响
电解液中加入KOH的作用是调节电解液的酸碱度，以保证电解液为弱碱性，不污染环境，同时提高电导率。改变KOH浓度分别为5 g/L、6 g/L、6.5 g/L，研究KOH浓度对微弧氧化膜层性能的影响，其他电解液组分浓度为：Na2SiO3浓度为12.5 g/L，KF浓度为2.5 g/L。
不同KOH浓度微弧氧化膜层的截面和表面微观形貌如图8所示，随着KOH浓度的增加，膜层厚度和表面层孔径均变化不大，当KOH浓度为6.5 g/L时，产生尖端放电现象，引起局部烧蚀，局部烧蚀宏观形貌如图2g所示。KMnO4-HNO3溶液点滴试验结果如表7所示，随着KOH浓度的增加，点滴时间略有增加，合金的耐蚀性能相差不大。
3.3 微弧氧化膜层对镁合金耐蚀性的影响及应用
3.3.1 微弧氧化膜层对镁合金耐蚀性的影响
微弧氧化膜层的截面微观形貌如图9a所示，膜层由内层、中间层及外层组成。内层为膜层与基体的连接层，膜层与基体紧密结合，结合强度较高，能够防止膜层脱落；中间层存在大量微孔，孔径较小，约为200~500 nm，是提高合金耐蚀性能的关键层；外层孔径远大于中间层，对基体的保护作用有限。因此，对于耐蚀性能要求高的产品，微弧氧化后一般需进行封闭、喷涂、电泳、化学镀等表面处理，形成复合膜层，进一步提高膜层的致密度、耐磨性及耐蚀性[24-25]。微弧氧化膜层的表面微观形貌如图9b所示，膜层表面存在少量裂纹和大量微孔，并存在少量白色氧化产物颗粒。熔融态氧化物在凝固过程中，由于收缩而产生裂纹；膜层击穿后形成的微孔会成为腐蚀介质侵蚀基体的通道，孔径越大，腐蚀介质越易渗入膜层，进而侵蚀基体，降低膜层耐蚀性。因此，提高膜层的耐蚀性需同时考虑膜层的厚度及膜层的孔径。
微弧氧化试样及无膜层试样分别进行质量分数为3.5%氯化钠溶液浸泡试验，浸泡120 h，试样浸泡前、后宏观形貌如图10所示，试样经过微弧氧化处理后会在表面形成灰白色的防护膜，试样浸泡后表面几乎无变化，腐蚀速率为0.24 mm/a，而无膜层试样腐蚀严重，出现较多的腐蚀坑，且腐蚀坑较深，腐蚀速率为6.39 mm/a。结果表明，微弧氧化膜层能够显著提高镁合金的耐腐蚀性，对镁合金基体起到保护作用。
3.3.2 微弧氧化在镁合金产品上的应用
汽车电池箱体采用镁合金可显著降低产品质量，提高汽车轻量化水平。但镁合金耐腐蚀性较差，因此，镁合金产品在使用前需进行表面防护处理，提高合金的耐腐蚀性。首先，通过微弧氧化处理，在基体表面形成以基体金属氧化物为主的陶瓷膜层，此陶瓷膜层不仅可提高合金的耐蚀性，还可提高后续电泳涂层的附着性；由于微弧氧化膜层存在微孔和裂纹，通过电泳处理形成致密的电泳涂层，在基体表面形成陶瓷膜层和电泳涂层的复合膜层，进一步提高合金的耐腐蚀性能。
电池箱体的轮廓尺寸约为1 050 mm×570 mm×100 mm，由于电池箱体与试样的表面积相差甚远，参考上述试验过程中获得的电参数和电解液浓度对膜层性能的影响规律，采用恒压控制模式，调试过程中优化工艺参数，最终确定电池箱体微弧氧化电参数和电解液浓度，如表8、表9所示。表面处理后如图11所示，微弧氧化膜层厚度约为13.7 μm，电泳涂层厚度约为25 μm。电池箱体表面防护处理后进行中性盐雾试验，质量分数为5%的NaCl盐雾试验720 h前、后宏观形貌如图12所示，无明显锈蚀。电池箱体微弧氧化+电泳复合涂层能够有效提高镁合金产品的耐腐蚀性，满足产品的使用性能。
4 结论
收起
a. 随着电压的升高、占空比的增加、频率的减小，为微弧氧化反应提供的能量增加，膜层生长速率加快，膜层厚度随之增加；随着电流密度的增加，膜层厚度先增加后减小，电流密度对膜层厚度的影响取决于生长速率和反应时间的双重影响。
b. 在硅酸盐体系电解液中，随着Na2SiO3、KF、KOH浓度的提高，参与反应的离子数量增加，溶液电导率提高，膜层厚度逐渐提高。但各组分的浓度均不宜过高，否则易产生尖端放电现象或引起局部烧蚀，降低膜层厚度均匀性或导致膜层脱落。
c. 微弧氧化膜层能够显著提高镁合金的耐蚀性，膜层厚度增加和膜层孔径减小均可提高合金的耐蚀性能。微弧氧化试样在质量分数为3.5%的氯化钠溶液中浸泡120 h，腐蚀速率为0.24 mm/a；微弧氧化+电泳表面处理电池箱体进行质量分数为5%的NaCl盐雾试验720 h，无明显锈蚀。
基金
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  • 吉林省、长春市重大科技专项(20220301026GX)
  • 国家自然科学基金(U21A20323)
  • 国家自然科学基金(U23A20128)
  • 中国科学院青年创新促进会(2023234)
  • 吉林省科技发展计划项目(SKL202302038)
  • 河北省科技重大专项(23291001Z)
文献
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doi: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20240380
  • 首发时间：2025-11-13
  • 出版时间：2025-04-20
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基金
吉林省、长春市重大科技专项(20220301026GX)
国家自然科学基金(U21A20323)
国家自然科学基金(U23A20128)
中国科学院青年创新促进会(2023234)
吉林省科技发展计划项目(SKL202302038)
河北省科技重大专项(23291001Z)
作者信息
    1 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所， 长春 130022
    2 一汽铸造有限公司， 长春 130011

通讯作者:

邱鑫（1981—），男，研究员，博士学位，研究方向为高强高韧稀土镁合金强化机理及其应用，。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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