Article(id=1195319923816829104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, issueId=1195319920000012443, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20240188, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1762916077807, onlineDateStr=2025-11-12, pubDate=1739980800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1762916077807, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1762916077807, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762916077807, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1195319920000012443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, year='2025', volume='', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='72', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1762916076894, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762916415896, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1195321341915205752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, issueId=1195319920000012443, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1195321341915205753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, issueId=1195319920000012443, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=34, endPage=41, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1195319924018155698, articleId=1195319923816829104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, language=EN, title=Lightweight Design of Aluminum Alloy Power Battery Bracket Based on Level Set Method, columnId=1190284220686766583, journalTitle=Automobile Technology & Material, columnName=Original article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

With the aluminum bracket of a new energy vehicle power battery as the research object, the level set method is employed to perform topological optimization on the power battery bracket. During the optimization process, factors such as structural stiffness, strength, fatigue, and dynamic safety are comprehensively considered. The optimization results are interpreted and the structure is reshaped to obtain a new structure that meets the requirements. The reshaped structure undergoes sensitivity analysis to identify sections requiring optimization. Through topology optimization, a reasonable cross-sectional shape is obtained, and the optimized structure is verified to ensure performance enhancement. Upon comparison, the optimized power battery bracket exhibits a 5.9 Hz increase in first-order modal compared to the original structure, with an overall stiffness improvement of 18.2%. The results for stiffness, strength, and random vibration are superior to the original structure. Fatigue analysis indicates that the damage to the new structure is less than 1, indicating its superiority over the original structure. Additionally, the weight of the optimized battery bracket is reduced from 209 kg to 180 kg, representing a weight reduction ratio of 13.8%.

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以某款新能源汽车动力电池铝托架为研究对象,采用水平集法对动力电池托架进行拓扑优化。优化过程综合考虑结构的刚度、强度、疲劳和动态安全等,对优化结果进行解读和结构重塑,获取满足需求的新结构。对重塑后的新结构进行灵敏度分析,获取需要优化的截面,通过拓扑优化获得合理截面形状,对优化后的结构进行校核以确保性能提升。经对比,优化后的动力电池托架较原结构一阶模态频率提高5.9 Hz,整体刚度提升18.2%;刚、强度和随机振动结果优于原结构;疲劳分析结果表明,新结构损伤小于1且优于原结构。优化后的电池托架质量由209 kg降低到180 kg,质量减轻13.8%。

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李建(1991—),男,工程师,硕士学位,研究方向为汽车轻量化及结构优化。

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负载点 冲击工况 转弯工况 起停工况
1 10.3 1.6 2.5
2 8.6 2.3 2.2
3 16.4 4 3.1
4 1.8 0.7 0.7
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负载点 冲击工况 转弯工况 起停工况
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2 8.6 2.3 2.2
3 16.4 4 3.1
4 1.8 0.7 0.7
5 7.3 2.2 1.8
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频率/Hz X
功率谱密度
/g2·Hz-1
频率/Hz Y
功率谱密度
/g2·Hz-1
频率/Hz Z
功率谱密度
/g2·Hz-1
5 0.008 5 0.005 5 0.002
10 0.042 10 0.025 10 0.018
15 0.042 15 0.025 15 0.018
40 0.000 5 60 0.000 1 200 0.000 01
100 0.000 5 100 0.000 1
200 0.000 01 200 0.000 01
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功率谱密度

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频率/Hz X
功率谱密度
/g2·Hz-1
频率/Hz Y
功率谱密度
/g2·Hz-1
频率/Hz Z
功率谱密度
/g2·Hz-1
5 0.008 5 0.005 5 0.002
10 0.042 10 0.025 10 0.018
15 0.042 15 0.025 15 0.018
40 0.000 5 60 0.000 1 200 0.000 01
100 0.000 5 100 0.000 1
200 0.000 01 200 0.000 01
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负载点 冲击工况 转弯工况 起停工况
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新结构动力电池托架刚度(各负载点位移) mm

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3 13.12 3.33 2.58
4 1.71 0.67 0.69
5 6.49 2.06 1.66
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基于水平集法的铝合金动力电池托架轻量化设计
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李建 1, 2 , 韩明亮 2 , 孙志宾 2 , 路光明 2
汽车工艺与材料 | 材料应用 2025,(2): 34-41
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汽车工艺与材料 | 材料应用 2025, (2): 34-41
基于水平集法的铝合金动力电池托架轻量化设计
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李建1, 2, 韩明亮2, 孙志宾2, 路光明2
作者信息
  • 1 魏桥国科(滨州)科学工程产业技术研究院有限公司, 滨州 256600
  • 2 国科轻金(滨州)材料科技有限公司, 滨州 256600
  • 李建(1991—),男,工程师,硕士学位,研究方向为汽车轻量化及结构优化。

Lightweight Design of Aluminum Alloy Power Battery Bracket Based on Level Set Method
Jian Li1, 2, Mingliang Han2, Zhibin Sun2, Guangming Lu2
Affiliations
  • 1 Weiqiao Guoke (Binzhou) Science and Engineering Industry Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Binzhou 256600
  • 2 Guoke Qingjin (Binzhou) Material Technology Co., Ltd., Binzhou 256600
出版时间: 2025-02-20 doi: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20240188
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以某款新能源汽车动力电池铝托架为研究对象,采用水平集法对动力电池托架进行拓扑优化。优化过程综合考虑结构的刚度、强度、疲劳和动态安全等,对优化结果进行解读和结构重塑,获取满足需求的新结构。对重塑后的新结构进行灵敏度分析,获取需要优化的截面,通过拓扑优化获得合理截面形状,对优化后的结构进行校核以确保性能提升。经对比,优化后的动力电池托架较原结构一阶模态频率提高5.9 Hz,整体刚度提升18.2%;刚、强度和随机振动结果优于原结构;疲劳分析结果表明,新结构损伤小于1且优于原结构。优化后的电池托架质量由209 kg降低到180 kg,质量减轻13.8%。

水平集法  /  轻量化  /  动力电池托架  /  铝合金

With the aluminum bracket of a new energy vehicle power battery as the research object, the level set method is employed to perform topological optimization on the power battery bracket. During the optimization process, factors such as structural stiffness, strength, fatigue, and dynamic safety are comprehensively considered. The optimization results are interpreted and the structure is reshaped to obtain a new structure that meets the requirements. The reshaped structure undergoes sensitivity analysis to identify sections requiring optimization. Through topology optimization, a reasonable cross-sectional shape is obtained, and the optimized structure is verified to ensure performance enhancement. Upon comparison, the optimized power battery bracket exhibits a 5.9 Hz increase in first-order modal compared to the original structure, with an overall stiffness improvement of 18.2%. The results for stiffness, strength, and random vibration are superior to the original structure. Fatigue analysis indicates that the damage to the new structure is less than 1, indicating its superiority over the original structure. Additionally, the weight of the optimized battery bracket is reduced from 209 kg to 180 kg, representing a weight reduction ratio of 13.8%.

Level set method  /  Lightweight  /  Power battery bracket  /  Aluminum alloy
李建, 韩明亮, 孙志宾, 路光明. 基于水平集法的铝合金动力电池托架轻量化设计. 汽车工艺与材料, 2025 , (2) : 34 -41 . DOI: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20240188
Jian Li, Mingliang Han, Zhibin Sun, Guangming Lu. Lightweight Design of Aluminum Alloy Power Battery Bracket Based on Level Set Method[J]. Automobile Technology & Material, 2025 , (2) : 34 -41 . DOI: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20240188
轻量化优化设计是在保持产品或系统现有性能的前提下,尽可能减轻质量、降低成本或提高其他产品指标。拓扑优化技术作为轻量化设计的核心方法,目的是通过优化结构或系统的形状、布局和连接方式实现特定的设计目标。拓扑优化的基本思路是通过在结构上施加约束和载荷条件,使用有限元分析方法计算结构应力和变形以满足设计目标[1]。拓扑优化的常用方法包括变密度法、水平集法、均匀化法、进化式结构优化法、独立连续映射法等。其中,水平集法(Level Set Method)是一种数值技术,广泛用于模拟和分析运动界面的演变[2],如计算流体力学、图像处理和几何建模等,其基本思想是将界面表示为零级集的等值面,然后利用偏微分方程对其进行演化。该方法的关键在于通过偏微分方程来描述零级集的演化,常见的偏微分方程包括水平集方程(Level Set Equation)和对流扩散方程(Convection-Diffusion Equation)。水平集方程描述了零级集的演化速度,对流扩散方程则用于平滑界面和防止数值不稳定性。
水平集法能够自然地处理界面的拓扑变化,如界面的分裂和合并,在模拟复杂界面演变的过程中起到关键作用,综合考虑铝合金动力电池托架的结构特点和复杂程度,本文选用水平集法进行拓扑优化以达到轻量化设计的目标。
轻量化设计的目的是降低质量和成本、提升性能,因此,在优化前对原有铝合金型材结构进行全面性能分析。经分析,明确了模态、刚度、强度、疲劳和动态安全作为动力电池托架轻量化设计的性能指标需求项。刚度分析的结果如图1所示,各负载点变形结果如表1所示,强度分析如图2所示,疲劳损伤结果如图3所示,动态安全均方根值(Root Mean Square,RMS)如图4所示,模态计算结果如图5所示。
根据动力电池、车架以及周围挂载件的边界确定动力电池托架的拓扑空间。其中,挂件动态校核距离按大于15 mm预留。动力电池托架使用螺栓单元连接到车架上,下框架及电池以质量点的形式连接到上框架拓扑模型上,约束车架断面处,在各质心点施加载荷。最终的优化模型如图6所示。
根据该车型的实际行驶路况和通用安全要求制定分析优化工况,强度工况如下:
a.工况1(冲击工况):Z向施加-5 g加速度;
b.工况2(转弯工况):Z向施加-1 g加速度,Y向施加0.5 g加速度;
c.工况3(起停工况):Z向施加-1 g加速度,X向施加1 g加速度。
疲劳和动态安全工况依据GB 38031—2020 《电动汽车用动力蓄电池安全要求》制定,功率谱密度如表2所示[3]
为获取动力电池托架结构的最大刚度,将优化目标设置为柔度最小。约束优化空间体积分数小于设定值、应力小于输入值进行数学模型的搭建。考虑到实际路试的工况,对3个工况赋予不同的加权值。最终的优化数学模型如下:
min Wx , x=(1,2,3…)T
st. Cx<C, x=(1,2,3)T
max SxS, x=(1,2,3)T
式中:W为各工况的加权柔度,x为参与计算的变量,Cx为体积分数,C为设定的体积分数,Sx为最大应力,S为设定的应力输入值。
约束体积分数Cx小于设定的体积分数C,最大应力Sx小于设定的输入值S。按照数学模型进行多轮优化迭代,获得最优的动力电池托架结构。优化前、后的模型均采用铝合金材料参数以保证对比的一致性。最终的拓扑优化结果如图7所示。
图7可以看出,拓扑优化结果路径清晰,完整表达了主要的载荷传递路径。结合工艺和总布置的要求,解读优化结果,解读后的新结构如图8所示。
灵敏度分析是一种用于评估模型输出(通常是数学模型或计算模型)对输入参数的敏感程度的方法。主要用于确定模型中输入参数对输出结果的影响,以及在不同的输入条件下模型输出的变化情况。为获取合理的铝合金截面形状,首先进行灵敏度分析,优选出需要优化的截面,进而使用水平集法拓扑优化技术对铝合金截面进行优化设计,分析结果如图9所示。
对灵敏度分析结果进行排序,对灵敏度结果较高的截面进行优化。部分截面的优化结果如图10所示。由优化结果可知,新截面更符合承载要求、轻量化效果更好。按照截面优化结果完成新结构的设计调整。
为验证优化结果的合理性,按照基础模型的性能需求对新结构进行全面校核分析。其中,模态分析的结果如图11所示。
从模态分析结果可知,一阶模态频率从基础结构的32.3 Hz提升至38.2 Hz,提升了18.2%。进一步分析新结构的刚度和强度,强度计算结果如图12所示,刚度计算结果如图13所示,各刚度计算点的计算结果统计如表3所示。
由刚、强度分析结果可知,动力电池托架新结构性能有较大幅度的提升。其中加载点3处在冲击工况下位移降低3.2 mm,刚度提高20%;冲击工况下新结构最大应力较原结构降低45.1 MPa,强度提升17%。
进一步分析动力电池托架疲劳和动态安全,疲劳损伤分析的结果如图14所示。
动态安全均方根即功率谱密度的分析结果如图15所示。
由于动态安全的分析结果知,动力电池托架3σ的RMS值均未超过许用应力。Y向的单倍RMS值由基础结构的44.2下降至40.7,降低了7.9%;由疲劳分析的结果可知,疲劳损伤的最大值从0.017下降至0.015,降低11.7%,最大损伤值未超过1,逐一对比母材与焊缝处的损伤,新结构的损伤均有不同程度改善。由动态安全和疲劳分析的结果可知,轻量化设计的动力电池托架性能符合要求。
由于优化后截面的形状和尺寸发生变化,需要对装配空间和截面加工的可行性进行校验,检验示意如图16所示。通过装配校核分析,由尺寸改变带来的装配间距变化可通过调整各型材件的位置消除,支架外缘未超过轮胎外围,新增斜撑型材符合焊接要求和布线需求。对优化后的型材截面进行工艺分析调优,优化后的截面形式简单、挤压斜度适宜,外形尺寸、圆角半径、厚度余量等均满足加工要求,故优化方案可行。
本文采用基于水平集法的拓扑优化完成了铝合金动力电池托架和截面形状的轻量化设计,考虑产品使用的可持续性,采用多学科优化方法提升产品品质。
新设计的动力电池托架支架质量由209 kg降低至180 kg,相较于原结构降低了29 kg,降幅13.8%,每件产品降低成本约1 000元。大幅缩短焊缝长度,有利于提升结构强度、降低加工难度。性能方面,新设计的动力电池托架一阶模态频率提高5.9 Hz,整体刚度提升18.2%;各安装点刚度最大提升20%;最大应力较原结构降低45.1 MPa,强度提升17%;动态安全降低7.9%;最大疲劳损伤值降低11.7%。综上所述,经过轻量化优化设计的动力电池托架实现了降重增效、性能提升的开发目标。
  • 山东省高端铝共同体基金项目—新能源电池托盘联合开发(20221103)
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罗朝云, 杨建军, 赵锦. 基于有限元的结构优化分析方法-拓扑优化[J]. 电子世界, 2014(14): 90.
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熊锐. 水平集拓扑优化方法的改进及拓展应用[D]. 广州: 广州大学, 2023.
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袁林. 电动汽车动力电池箱有限元分析及结构优化研究[D]. 青岛: 青岛大学, 2020.
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doi: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20240188
  • 首发时间:2025-11-12
  • 出版时间:2025-02-20
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山东省高端铝共同体基金项目—新能源电池托盘联合开发(20221103)
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    1 魏桥国科(滨州)科学工程产业技术研究院有限公司, 滨州 256600
    2 国科轻金(滨州)材料科技有限公司, 滨州 256600
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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