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Article(id=1195319424312971862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, issueId=1195319418159932270, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20240378, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1762915958717, onlineDateStr=2025-11-12, pubDate=1737302400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1762915958717, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1762915958717, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762915958717, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1195319418159932270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, year='2025', volume='', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='72', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1762915957247, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762916385696, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1195321215284973686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, issueId=1195319418159932270, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1195321215284973687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, issueId=1195319418159932270, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1, endPage=9, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1195319426078773849, articleId=1195319424312971862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, language=EN, title=Life Prediction Analysis of Silicone-Oil Damper Based on Linear Cumulative Damage Model, columnId=1190284220686766583, journalTitle=Automobile Technology & Material, columnName=Original article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this study, the silicone-oil damper of a heavy-duty diesel engine is taken as the research object, and a linear cumulative damage model of the silicone-oil damper is developed by taking silicone-oil deterioration as a damage parameter. Based on the results of mixed cycle and load cycle durability engine bench tests, the life model of the damper is calibrated. Combined with the measured road load spectrum, the service life of the silicone-oil damper in actual usage scenarios has been predicted. The results show that under the working condition of the tractor, the predicted life of the M60 damper based on mixed cycle and load cycle tests is 1.425 million km and 2.896 million km, respectively, both of which meet the requirements for engine life mileage.

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以某重型柴油机硅油减振器为研究对象，将硅油劣化作为损伤参量，建立了硅油减振器线性累积损伤模型。基于发动机台架混合循环和负荷循环耐久试验结果，对减振器寿命模型进行标定。结合实测道路载荷谱，实现了减振器在实际使用场景下的使用寿命预测。结果表明，在牵引车工况下，基于混合循环和负荷循环试验预测的M60减振器寿命分别为1.425×106 km和2.896×106 km，均满足发动机寿命里程要求。

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翟黎明（1987—），男，博士学位，高级工程师，主要研究方向为发动机结构设计与分析。

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翟黎明（1987—），男，博士学位，高级工程师，主要研究方向为发动机结构设计与分析。

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翟黎明（1987—），男，博士学位，高级工程师，主要研究方向为发动机结构设计与分析。

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负荷/% 转速
/r·min-1		 扭矩
/N·m		 时间/s 单个循环累加时间/s
103 1 800 2 136 450 450
0 2 070 0 240 690
100 2 000 60 750
103 1 500 2 416 450 1 200
40 1 500 966.4 60 1 260
60 1 500 1 450 60 1 320
100 1 650 2 271 450 1 770
40 1 650 908.5 60 1 830
60 1 650 1 363 60 1 890
100 1 350 2 543 450 2 340
50 1 350 1 271 60 2 400
103 1 200 2 611 450 2 850
50 1 700 1 112 60 2 910
103 1 700 2 223 450 3 360
0 650 0 240 3 600
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柴油机3 000 h混合循环耐久试验工况

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负荷/% 转速
/r·min-1		 扭矩
/N·m		 时间/s 单个循环累加时间/s
103 1 800 2 136 450 450
0 2 070 0 240 690
100 2 000 60 750
103 1 500 2 416 450 1 200
40 1 500 966.4 60 1 260
60 1 500 1 450 60 1 320
100 1 650 2 271 450 1 770
40 1 650 908.5 60 1 830
60 1 650 1 363 60 1 890
100 1 350 2 543 450 2 340
50 1 350 1 271 60 2 400
103 1 200 2 611 450 2 850
50 1 700 1 112 60 2 910
103 1 700 2 223 450 3 360
0 650 0 240 3 600
), ArticleFig(id=1195336287600292082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1195319424312971862, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
负荷率/% 95 85 75 65 55 45 35 25 15 5
转速
/r·min-1		 50 6.6 7.4 8.4 9.6 11.4 13.9 17.9 25.1 41.8 125.4
150 6.6 7.4 8.4 9.6 11.4 13.9 17.9 25.1 41.8 125.4
250 6.6 7.4 8.4 9.6 11.4 13.9 17.9 25.1 41.8 125.4
350 6.6 7.4 8.4 9.6 11.4 13.9 17.9 25.1 41.8 125.4
450 6.6 7.4 8.4 9.6 11.4 13.9 17.9 25.1 41.8 125.4
550 6.6 7.4 8.4 9.6 11.4 13.9 17.9 25.1 41.8 125.4
650 6.6 7.4 8.4 9.6 11.4 13.9 17.9 25.1 41.8 125.4
750 6.6 7.4 8.4 9.6 11.4 13.9 17.9 25.1 41.8 125.4
850 6.6 7.4 8.4 9.6 11.4 13.9 17.9 25.1 41.8 125.4
950 8.3 9.2 10.5 12.1 14.3 17.4 22.4 31.4 52.3 156.8
1 050 5.5 6.1 7.0 8.0 9.5 11.6 14.9 20.9 34.8 104.5
1 150 3.3 3.7 4.2 4.8 5.7 7.0 9.0 12.5 20.9 62.7
1 250 2.4 2.6 3.0 3.4 4.1 5.0 6.4 9.0 14.9 44.8
1 350 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.1 2.5 3.0 3.9 5.5 9.1 27.3
1 450 1.4 1.5 1.7 2.0 2.4 2.9 3.7 5.2 8.7 26.1
1 550 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.3 2.8 3.6 5.0 8.4 25.1
1 650 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.6 1.8 2.2 2.9 4.0 6.7 20.2
1 750 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 2.1 2.7 3.8 6.3 19.0
1 850 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.7 2.0 2.6 3.7 6.1 18.4
1 950 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.9 2.2 2.7 3.4 4.8 8.0 24.1
2 050 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.9 2.2 2.7 3.4 4.8 8.0 24.1
2 150 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.9 2.2 2.7 3.4 4.8 8.0 24.1
2 250 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.9 2.2 2.7 3.4 4.8 8.0 24.1
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基于柴油机3 000 h耐久台架的M60减振器寿命系数

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负荷率/% 95 85 75 65 55 45 35 25 15 5
转速
/r·min-1		 50 6.6 7.4 8.4 9.6 11.4 13.9 17.9 25.1 41.8 125.4
150 6.6 7.4 8.4 9.6 11.4 13.9 17.9 25.1 41.8 125.4
250 6.6 7.4 8.4 9.6 11.4 13.9 17.9 25.1 41.8 125.4
350 6.6 7.4 8.4 9.6 11.4 13.9 17.9 25.1 41.8 125.4
450 6.6 7.4 8.4 9.6 11.4 13.9 17.9 25.1 41.8 125.4
550 6.6 7.4 8.4 9.6 11.4 13.9 17.9 25.1 41.8 125.4
650 6.6 7.4 8.4 9.6 11.4 13.9 17.9 25.1 41.8 125.4
750 6.6 7.4 8.4 9.6 11.4 13.9 17.9 25.1 41.8 125.4
850 6.6 7.4 8.4 9.6 11.4 13.9 17.9 25.1 41.8 125.4
950 8.3 9.2 10.5 12.1 14.3 17.4 22.4 31.4 52.3 156.8
1 050 5.5 6.1 7.0 8.0 9.5 11.6 14.9 20.9 34.8 104.5
1 150 3.3 3.7 4.2 4.8 5.7 7.0 9.0 12.5 20.9 62.7
1 250 2.4 2.6 3.0 3.4 4.1 5.0 6.4 9.0 14.9 44.8
1 350 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.1 2.5 3.0 3.9 5.5 9.1 27.3
1 450 1.4 1.5 1.7 2.0 2.4 2.9 3.7 5.2 8.7 26.1
1 550 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.3 2.8 3.6 5.0 8.4 25.1
1 650 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.6 1.8 2.2 2.9 4.0 6.7 20.2
1 750 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 2.1 2.7 3.8 6.3 19.0
1 850 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.7 2.0 2.6 3.7 6.1 18.4
1 950 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.9 2.2 2.7 3.4 4.8 8.0 24.1
2 050 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.9 2.2 2.7 3.4 4.8 8.0 24.1
2 150 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.9 2.2 2.7 3.4 4.8 8.0 24.1
2 250 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.9 2.2 2.7 3.4 4.8 8.0 24.1
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负荷率/% 95 85 75 65 55 45 35 25 15 5
转速
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150 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
250 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
350 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
450 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
550 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
650 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
750 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
850 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
950 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 050 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 250 572 727 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 350 940 909 0 0 0 0 59 426 0 0 0 0
1 450 981 818 0 0 0 75 789 0 48 230 0 0 0
1 550 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 650 2 536 364 0 0 0 97 895 80 096 62 297 0 0 0
1 750 1 350 000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 850 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 950 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 050 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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基于柴油机3 000 h耐久台架的M60减振器损伤系数

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负荷率/% 95 85 75 65 55 45 35 25 15 5
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150 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
250 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
350 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
450 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
550 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
650 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
750 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
850 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
950 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 050 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 250 572 727 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 350 940 909 0 0 0 0 59 426 0 0 0 0
1 450 981 818 0 0 0 75 789 0 48 230 0 0 0
1 550 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 650 2 536 364 0 0 0 97 895 80 096 62 297 0 0 0
1 750 1 350 000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 850 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 950 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 050 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
), ArticleFig(id=1195336287948419318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1195319424312971862, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
0 h硅油劣化率/% 3 000 h硅油劣化率/% 劣化率限值/% 损伤率/% 额定点寿命/s
0 29.1 40 72.8 9 354 708
), ArticleFig(id=1195336288049082615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1195319424312971862, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

基于3 000 h台架耐久结果的减振器寿命计算

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
0 h硅油劣化率/% 3 000 h硅油劣化率/% 劣化率限值/% 损伤率/% 额定点寿命/s
0 29.1 40 72.8 9 354 708
), ArticleFig(id=1195336288111997176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1195319424312971862, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
负荷率/% 95 85 75 65 55 45 35 25 15 5
转速
/r·min-1		 50 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.1
150 1.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.5 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.5
250 1.5 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.2
350 0.9 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.2
450 1.8 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.2
550 4.1 0.5 1.0 0.8 1.9 2.3 4.3 3.3 1.6 0.2
650 3.8 1.5 2.8 3.8 7.2 11.7 33.9 82.2 1 177.1 50.3
750 65.6 19.8 16.9 17.9 17.6 18.9 22.7 44.1 46.1 24.7
850 639.1 175.8 176.1 167.4 135.4 102.7 79.6 67.5 65.3 57.9
950 2 102.1 605.2 520.4 483.7 386.4 322.2 213.8 144.1 83.6 136.7
1 050 3 968.0 1 809.3 1 324.7 1 263.2 877.5 714.8 509.0 353.1 188.4 387.6
1 150 4 531.5 2 470.8 2 097.4 2 040.8 1 367.9 1 280.8 963.0 586.1 300.0 531.0
1 250 1 884.5 1 119.8 894.6 776.8 492.0 476.5 392.3 260.4 166.0 305.5
1 350 830.8 439.0 316.4 260.4 167.5 179.9 168.7 142.7 75.1 137.9
1 450 137.5 46.9 45.9 37.8 41.7 40.3 42.1 34.8 17.1 24.7
1 550 11.4 3.4 6.0 4.7 4.8 2.9 4.5 1.6 1.4 5.4
1 650 0.9 3.4 2.2 0.6 0.5 1.8 1.7 1.0 0.0 1.6
1 750 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.4
1 850 1.0 1.8 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4
1 950 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2
2 050 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0
2 150 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2 250 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
), ArticleFig(id=1195336288183300345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1195319424312971862, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

基于牵引车路谱的M60减振器损伤系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
负荷率/% 95 85 75 65 55 45 35 25 15 5
转速
/r·min-1		 50 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.1
150 1.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.5 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.5
250 1.5 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.2
350 0.9 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.2
450 1.8 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.2
550 4.1 0.5 1.0 0.8 1.9 2.3 4.3 3.3 1.6 0.2
650 3.8 1.5 2.8 3.8 7.2 11.7 33.9 82.2 1 177.1 50.3
750 65.6 19.8 16.9 17.9 17.6 18.9 22.7 44.1 46.1 24.7
850 639.1 175.8 176.1 167.4 135.4 102.7 79.6 67.5 65.3 57.9
950 2 102.1 605.2 520.4 483.7 386.4 322.2 213.8 144.1 83.6 136.7
1 050 3 968.0 1 809.3 1 324.7 1 263.2 877.5 714.8 509.0 353.1 188.4 387.6
1 150 4 531.5 2 470.8 2 097.4 2 040.8 1 367.9 1 280.8 963.0 586.1 300.0 531.0
1 250 1 884.5 1 119.8 894.6 776.8 492.0 476.5 392.3 260.4 166.0 305.5
1 350 830.8 439.0 316.4 260.4 167.5 179.9 168.7 142.7 75.1 137.9
1 450 137.5 46.9 45.9 37.8 41.7 40.3 42.1 34.8 17.1 24.7
1 550 11.4 3.4 6.0 4.7 4.8 2.9 4.5 1.6 1.4 5.4
1 650 0.9 3.4 2.2 0.6 0.5 1.8 1.7 1.0 0.0 1.6
1 750 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.4
1 850 1.0 1.8 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4
1 950 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2
2 050 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0
2 150 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2 250 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
), ArticleFig(id=1195336288258797818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1195319424312971862, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
路谱采集里程
/×104 km		 路谱减振器累积损伤
/%		 减振器寿命预测
/×104 km
0.7 - 0.491 142.5
), ArticleFig(id=1195336288317518075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1195319424312971862, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

基于牵引车路谱的减振器寿命预测

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路谱采集里程
/×104 km		 路谱减振器累积损伤
/%		 减振器寿命预测
/×104 km
0.7 - 0.491 142.5
), ArticleFig(id=1195336288380432636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1195319424312971862, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
负荷/% 转速/r·min-1 时间/s 单个循环累加时间/s 负荷/% 转速/r·min-1 时间/s 单个循环累加时间/s
100 1 800（额定转速） 432 432 100 1 200（最大扭矩转速） 432 2 448
0 2 070（高怠速） 288 720 100 1 000 432 2 880
100 1 700 432 1 152 100 800 432 3 312
100 1 520 432 1 584 0 600（怠速） 288 3 600
100 1 330 432 2 016
), ArticleFig(id=1195336288439152893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1195319424312971862, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

柴油机2 000 h负荷循环耐久试验工况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
负荷/% 转速/r·min-1 时间/s 单个循环累加时间/s 负荷/% 转速/r·min-1 时间/s 单个循环累加时间/s
100 1 800（额定转速） 432 432 100 1 200（最大扭矩转速） 432 2 448
0 2 070（高怠速） 288 720 100 1 000 432 2 880
100 1 700 432 1 152 100 800 432 3 312
100 1 520 432 1 584 0 600（怠速） 288 3 600
100 1 330 432 2 016
), ArticleFig(id=1195336288502067454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1195319424312971862, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
负荷率/% 95 85 75 65 55 45 35 25 15 5
转速
/r·min-1		 50 7.0 7.8 8.9 10.2 12.1 14.8 19.0 26.6 44.3 133.0
150 7.0 7.8 8.9 10.2 12.1 14.8 19.0 26.6 44.3 133.0
250 7.0 7.8 8.9 10.2 12.1 14.8 19.0 26.6 44.3 133.0
350 7.0 7.8 8.9 10.2 12.1 14.8 19.0 26.6 44.3 133.0
450 7.0 7.8 8.9 10.2 12.1 14.8 19.0 26.6 44.3 133.0
550 7.0 7.8 8.9 10.2 12.1 14.8 19.0 26.6 44.3 133.0
650 7.0 7.8 8.9 10.2 12.1 14.8 19.0 26.6 44.3 133.0
750 7.0 7.8 8.9 10.2 12.1 14.8 19.0 26.6 44.3 133.0
850 7.0 7.8 8.9 10.2 12.1 14.8 19.0 26.6 44.3 133.0
950 14.0 15.6 17.7 20.5 24.2 29.6 38.0 53.2 88.7 266.0
1 050 5.6 6.3 7.1 8.2 9.7 11.8 15.2 21.3 35.5 106.4
1 150 2.8 3.1 3.5 4.1 4.8 5.9 7.6 10.6 17.7 53.2
1 250 2.0 2.2 2.5 2.9 3.5 4.2 5.4 7.6 12.7 38.0
1 350 1.6 1.7 2.0 2.3 2.7 3.3 4.2 5.9 9.9 29.6
1 450 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.7 2.0 2.5 3.2 4.4 7.4 22.2
1 550 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.7 2.0 2.6 3.7 6.1 18.3
1 650 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 2.0 2.5 3.5 5.9 17.7
1 750 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 2.1 2.7 3.8 6.3 19.0
1 850 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 2.1 2.7 3.8 6.3 19.0
1 950 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.7 2.0 2.5 3.2 4.4 7.4 22.2
2 050 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.7 2.0 2.5 3.2 4.4 7.4 22.2
2 150 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.7 2.0 2.5 3.2 4.4 7.4 22.2
2 250 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.7 2.0 2.5 3.2 4.4 7.4 22.2
), ArticleFig(id=1195336288585953535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1195319424312971862, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

基于柴油机2 000 h耐久台架的M60减振器寿命系数矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
负荷率/% 95 85 75 65 55 45 35 25 15 5
转速
/r·min-1		 50 7.0 7.8 8.9 10.2 12.1 14.8 19.0 26.6 44.3 133.0
150 7.0 7.8 8.9 10.2 12.1 14.8 19.0 26.6 44.3 133.0
250 7.0 7.8 8.9 10.2 12.1 14.8 19.0 26.6 44.3 133.0
350 7.0 7.8 8.9 10.2 12.1 14.8 19.0 26.6 44.3 133.0
450 7.0 7.8 8.9 10.2 12.1 14.8 19.0 26.6 44.3 133.0
550 7.0 7.8 8.9 10.2 12.1 14.8 19.0 26.6 44.3 133.0
650 7.0 7.8 8.9 10.2 12.1 14.8 19.0 26.6 44.3 133.0
750 7.0 7.8 8.9 10.2 12.1 14.8 19.0 26.6 44.3 133.0
850 7.0 7.8 8.9 10.2 12.1 14.8 19.0 26.6 44.3 133.0
950 14.0 15.6 17.7 20.5 24.2 29.6 38.0 53.2 88.7 266.0
1 050 5.6 6.3 7.1 8.2 9.7 11.8 15.2 21.3 35.5 106.4
1 150 2.8 3.1 3.5 4.1 4.8 5.9 7.6 10.6 17.7 53.2
1 250 2.0 2.2 2.5 2.9 3.5 4.2 5.4 7.6 12.7 38.0
1 350 1.6 1.7 2.0 2.3 2.7 3.3 4.2 5.9 9.9 29.6
1 450 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.7 2.0 2.5 3.2 4.4 7.4 22.2
1 550 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.7 2.0 2.6 3.7 6.1 18.3
1 650 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 2.0 2.5 3.5 5.9 17.7
1 750 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 2.1 2.7 3.8 6.3 19.0
1 850 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 2.1 2.7 3.8 6.3 19.0
1 950 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.7 2.0 2.5 3.2 4.4 7.4 22.2
2 050 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.7 2.0 2.5 3.2 4.4 7.4 22.2
2 150 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.7 2.0 2.5 3.2 4.4 7.4 22.2
2 250 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.7 2.0 2.5 3.2 4.4 7.4 22.2
), ArticleFig(id=1195336288657256704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1195319424312971862, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
负荷率/% 95 85 75 65 55 45 35 25 15 5
转速
/r·min-1		 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
150 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
250 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
350 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
450 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
550 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
650 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
750 123 429 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
850 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
950 61 714 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 050 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 150 308 571 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 350 555 429 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 450 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 550 894 857 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 650 925 714 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 750 864 000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 850 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 950 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 050 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
), ArticleFig(id=1195336288741142785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1195319424312971862, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

基于柴油机2 000 h耐久台架的M60减振器损伤系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
负荷率/% 95 85 75 65 55 45 35 25 15 5
转速
/r·min-1		 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
150 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
250 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
350 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
450 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
550 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
650 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
750 123 429 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
850 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
950 61 714 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 050 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 150 308 571 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 350 555 429 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 450 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 550 894 857 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 650 925 714 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 750 864 000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 850 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 950 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 050 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
), ArticleFig(id=1195336288841806082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1195319424312971862, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
0 h硅油
劣化率/%		 2 000 h硅油
劣化率/%		 劣化率
限值/%		 损伤率/% 额定点寿命/s
0 -7.6 -40 -19.0 19 651 127
), ArticleFig(id=1195336288913109251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1195319424312971862, language=CN, label=表10, caption=

基于2 000 h台架耐久结果的减振器寿命计算

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
0 h硅油
劣化率/%		 2 000 h硅油
劣化率/%		 劣化率
限值/%		 损伤率/% 额定点寿命/s
0 -7.6 -40 -19.0 19 651 127
), ArticleFig(id=1195336288980218116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1195319424312971862, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
负荷率/% 95 85 75 65 55 45 35 25 15 5
转速
/r·min-1		 50 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.1
150 1.4 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.5 3.8 0.0 0.0 0.5
250 1.4 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.2
350 0.9 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.2
450 1.7 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.2
550 3.9 0.5 0.9 0.8 1.8 2.2 4.1 3.1 1.5 0.2
650 3.6 1.4 2.6 3.6 6.8 11.0 32.0 77.5 1 109.8 47.4
750 61.9 18.7 15.9 16.9 16.6 17.9 21.4 41.6 43.4 23.3
850 602.6 165.8 166.0 157.9 127.6 96.8 75.1 63.6 61.6 54.6
950 1 238.7 356.6 306.7 285.0 227.7 189.9 126.0 84.9 49.3 80.5
1 050 3 897.1 1 777.0 1 301.1 1 240.6 861.8 702.1 499.9 346.8 185.0 380.7
1 150 5 340.7 2 912.0 2 471.9 2 405.2 1 612.2 1 509.5 1 135.0 690.8 353.6 625.9
1 250 2 221.0 1 319.7 1 054.3 915.5 579.8 561.6 462.4 306.8 195.6 360.0
1 350 766.3 404.9 291.8 240.2 154.5 166.0 155.6 131.6 69.2 127.2
1 450 162.0 55.2 54.1 44.6 49.1 47.5 49.6 41.1 20.2 29.1
1 550 15.5 4.6 8.2 6.4 6.6 3.9 6.1 2.2 2.0 7.4
1 650 1.1 3.8 2.5 0.7 0.6 2.0 2.0 1.1 0.0 1.9
1 750 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.4
1 850 1.0 1.8 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4
1 950 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2
2 050 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0
2 150 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2 250 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
), ArticleFig(id=1195336289064104197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1195319424312971862, language=CN, label=表11, caption=

基于标载牵引车路谱的M60减振器损伤系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
负荷率/% 95 85 75 65 55 45 35 25 15 5
转速
/r·min-1		 50 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.1
150 1.4 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.5 3.8 0.0 0.0 0.5
250 1.4 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.2
350 0.9 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.2
450 1.7 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.2
550 3.9 0.5 0.9 0.8 1.8 2.2 4.1 3.1 1.5 0.2
650 3.6 1.4 2.6 3.6 6.8 11.0 32.0 77.5 1 109.8 47.4
750 61.9 18.7 15.9 16.9 16.6 17.9 21.4 41.6 43.4 23.3
850 602.6 165.8 166.0 157.9 127.6 96.8 75.1 63.6 61.6 54.6
950 1 238.7 356.6 306.7 285.0 227.7 189.9 126.0 84.9 49.3 80.5
1 050 3 897.1 1 777.0 1 301.1 1 240.6 861.8 702.1 499.9 346.8 185.0 380.7
1 150 5 340.7 2 912.0 2 471.9 2 405.2 1 612.2 1 509.5 1 135.0 690.8 353.6 625.9
1 250 2 221.0 1 319.7 1 054.3 915.5 579.8 561.6 462.4 306.8 195.6 360.0
1 350 766.3 404.9 291.8 240.2 154.5 166.0 155.6 131.6 69.2 127.2
1 450 162.0 55.2 54.1 44.6 49.1 47.5 49.6 41.1 20.2 29.1
1 550 15.5 4.6 8.2 6.4 6.6 3.9 6.1 2.2 2.0 7.4
1 650 1.1 3.8 2.5 0.7 0.6 2.0 2.0 1.1 0.0 1.9
1 750 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.4
1 850 1.0 1.8 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4
1 950 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2
2 050 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0
2 150 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2 250 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
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路谱采集里程
/×104 km		 路谱减振器累积损伤/% 减振器寿命预测
/×104 km
0.7 - 0.241 289.6
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基于牵引车路谱的减振器寿命预测

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
路谱采集里程
/×104 km		 路谱减振器累积损伤/% 减振器寿命预测
/×104 km
0.7 - 0.241 289.6
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耐久试验 硅油劣
化率/%		 减振器寿命预测/×104 km 台架耐久
验正
3 000 h混合 - 29.1 142.5 通过
2 000 h负荷 - 7.6 289.6 通过
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M60硅油减振器寿命预测统计

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耐久试验 硅油劣
化率/%		 减振器寿命预测/×104 km 台架耐久
验正
3 000 h混合 - 29.1 142.5 通过
2 000 h负荷 - 7.6 289.6 通过
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基于线性累积损伤模型的硅油减振器寿命预测分析
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翟黎明 , 王鑫 , 徐卫国 , 梁福祥 , 饶聪 , 刘少鹏
汽车工艺与材料 | 一汽解放优秀论文（选登） 2025,(1): 1-9
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汽车工艺与材料 | 一汽解放优秀论文（选登） 2025, (1): 1-9
基于线性累积损伤模型的硅油减振器寿命预测分析
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翟黎明, 王鑫, 徐卫国, 梁福祥, 饶聪, 刘少鹏
作者信息
  • 一汽解放汽车有限公司动力总成事业部， 无锡 214000

    • 翟黎明（1987—），男，博士学位，高级工程师，主要研究方向为发动机结构设计与分析。

Life Prediction Analysis of Silicone-Oil Damper Based on Linear Cumulative Damage Model
Liming Zhai, Xin Wang, Weiguo Xu, Fuxiang Liang, Cong Rao, Shaopeng Liu
Affiliations
  • FAW Jiefang Automobile Co., Ltd. Powertrain Business Division, Wuxi 214026
出版时间: 2025-01-20 doi: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20240378
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摘要
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以某重型柴油机硅油减振器为研究对象，将硅油劣化作为损伤参量，建立了硅油减振器线性累积损伤模型。基于发动机台架混合循环和负荷循环耐久试验结果，对减振器寿命模型进行标定。结合实测道路载荷谱，实现了减振器在实际使用场景下的使用寿命预测。结果表明，在牵引车工况下，基于混合循环和负荷循环试验预测的M60减振器寿命分别为1.425×106 km和2.896×106 km，均满足发动机寿命里程要求。

柴油机  /  硅油减振器  /  线性累积损伤  /  寿命预测  /  可靠性

In this study, the silicone-oil damper of a heavy-duty diesel engine is taken as the research object, and a linear cumulative damage model of the silicone-oil damper is developed by taking silicone-oil deterioration as a damage parameter. Based on the results of mixed cycle and load cycle durability engine bench tests, the life model of the damper is calibrated. Combined with the measured road load spectrum, the service life of the silicone-oil damper in actual usage scenarios has been predicted. The results show that under the working condition of the tractor, the predicted life of the M60 damper based on mixed cycle and load cycle tests is 1.425 million km and 2.896 million km, respectively, both of which meet the requirements for engine life mileage.

Diesel engine  /  Silicone-oil damper  /  Linear cumulative damage  /  Life prediction  /  Reliability
翟黎明, 王鑫, 徐卫国, 梁福祥, 饶聪, 刘少鹏. 基于线性累积损伤模型的硅油减振器寿命预测分析. 汽车工艺与材料, 2025 , (1) : 1 -9 . DOI: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20240378
Liming Zhai, Xin Wang, Weiguo Xu, Fuxiang Liang, Cong Rao, Shaopeng Liu. Life Prediction Analysis of Silicone-Oil Damper Based on Linear Cumulative Damage Model[J]. Automobile Technology & Material, 2025 , (1) : 1 -9 . DOI: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20240378
正文
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1 前言
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随着重型车辆和工程机械车辆的需求提升，各发动机制造商均在进行高爆压重型车用柴油机的研发，柴油机承载的负荷大幅增加，轴系的扭转振动问题也随之凸显[1]。消减扭转振动最有效的措施为在曲轴上加装扭转减振器[2]。
硅油减振器（Torsional Vibration Damper，TVD）结构简单、工作效率高，在实际应用中相对于其他结构的柴油机轴系扭振减振器更具优势[3]，目前广泛用于柴油机传动系统、发电机组等[4]。然而，硅油在长时间高温高剪切力作用下会产生劣化，使减振器的刚度和阻尼特性下降，导致曲轴扭振幅值和应力急剧上升，最终引起曲轴断裂，严重威胁柴油机的整机可靠性。因此，在柴油机开发过程中，需要对台架循环耐久试验后的减振器进行硅油劣化率检测，以考核减振器硅油的耐久性能。
目前，对硅油减振器的研究主要集中在减振数学模型与机理、硅油减振器设计与应用、动态匹配以及台架试验等方面。Syrakos 等[5]通过对硅油减振器的结构特征与减振机理进行研究与分析，基于有限元体积法模拟了柴油机在不同激励频率下硅油阻尼器的减振特性以及硅油的流动特性。上官文斌等[6]为设计硅油减振器阻尼测试试验机，采用的减振器阻尼测试方法进行了阐述，同时根据减振器的减振机理，设计了试验台驱动装置。
针对耐久试验后出现的减振器硅油劣化严重现象，由于缺乏硅油劣化率对实际道路工况减振器寿命的影响关系，无法准确地预测减振器的实际耐久性能。基于台架耐久工况，以硅油劣化作为损伤参量，建立硅油减振器线性累积损伤模型，并根据实测路谱预测道路工况下减振器的实际寿命，为台架耐久后减振器的可靠性评估提供参考。
2 M60硅油减振器线性损伤寿命模型
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图1所示为硅油减振器的实物图及剖面图，其由壳体、惯性环、轴承和硅油组成，通常还会在前后端两侧布置一圈散热片，有助于内部硅油的冷却。硅油是一种有机硅粘液，为理想的液体弹簧。然而，当减振器耗散功过高或其散热能力不足时，硅油温度会大幅升高，最终引起硅油老化，减振器失效。
根据台架耐久试验结果，提出一种硅油减振器实际道路工况下寿命里程的预测方法，其分析流程如图2所示。
受激励力影响，硅油减振器在不同工况点所受的损伤不同。而柴油机的运行工况可以用转速和功率来描述，因此，假设减振器的损伤密度是转速和功率的函数：
$\rho  = f\left(n,P\right)$
式中：$\rho $为减振器硅油的损伤密度，n为发动机转速，P为功率。
$\rho $越大，意味着损伤越大，寿命越短。实际上，减振器的扭振幅值并不是简单地随着转速升高而增加，通常在额定点附近达到最大值。图3所示为外特性工况下M60减振器各谐次扭振幅值实测曲线。随着转速升高，6谐次幅值在扭矩点1 000 r/min时达到最小，随后逐渐升高，在额定点1 800 r/min时达到最大，然后逐渐降低。扭振幅值越大，意味着硅油的损伤越严重、寿命越低。因此，定义减振器寿命和扭振幅值的关系如下：
$\frac{{N}_{1}}{{N}_{2}} = \frac{{A}_{2}}{{A}_{1}}$
式中：A1、A2分别为相同负荷率下2个不同转速点的减振器扭振幅值，N1、N2分别为2个转速点对应的寿命。
假设相同转速下，扭振幅值随负荷率的增加而线性增加，则减振器寿命和负荷率的关系可表达如下：
$\frac{{N}_{1}}{{N}_{2}} = \frac{{\eta }_{2}}{{\eta }_{1}}$
式中：${\eta }_{1}$、${\eta }_{2}$分别为相同转速下2个不同工况点的负荷率，N1、N2为2个工况点对应的寿命。
由于柴油机台架各工况点的负荷率是确定的，且减振器外特性扭振幅值可以实测得到，因此，根据式（2）和式（3）可将所有工况点下的寿命用某一工况点来表达。假设外特性额定点的减振器寿命为Nr，则任意工况点的减振器寿命表达如下：
${N}_{i,j}=\frac{{A}_{r}}{{A}_{i,100\%}}\times \frac{{N}_{r}}{{\eta }_{j}}$
式中：Ni,j为任意工况点j在转速i条件下的减振器寿命，Nr为外特性额定点寿命，i为发动机转速；${\eta }_{j}$为工况点j的负荷率，Ar为外特性额定点扭振幅值，${A}_{i,100\%}$为外特性上其他转速点扭振幅值。
根据线性累积损伤模型，任意工况点的减振器损伤可以表达为：
${D}_{i,j}=\frac{{n}_{i,j}}{{N}_{i,j}}$
式中：Di,j为任意工况点j转速i条件下的损伤值，ni,j为该工况点的实际循环次数。
因此，基于线性累积损伤模型，柴油机多工况运行下，减振器的累积总损伤可表达为：
$\begin{array}{l}\sum {D}_{i,j}=\sum _{i={R}_{min}}^{{R}_{max}}\sum _{j={\eta }_{min}}^{{\eta }_{max}}\frac{{n}_{i,j}}{{N}_{i,j}}\\ =\left(\sum _{i={R}_{min}}^{{R}_{max}}\sum _{j={\eta }_{min}}^{{\eta }_{max}}\frac{j\cdot {A}_{i,100\%}\cdot {n}_{i,j}}{{A}_{r}\cdot {N}_{r}}\right)\times \frac{1}{{N}_{r}}\end{array}$
式中：Rmax、Rmin分别为最大转速和最小转速，${\eta }_{max}$、${\eta }_{min}$分别为最大负荷率和最小负荷率。
当发动机各点的运行工况和外特性扭振幅值已确定时，式（6）等号右侧只有1个未知变量Nr，因此，如果已知左侧的总损伤值$\sum {D}_{i,j}$，即可求得Nr，进而根据式（4）得到所有工况点的减振器寿命。
根据道路实测载荷谱，可以得到道路工况下的“负荷率-转速”工况矩阵，以及每个工况点的循环次数，再基于上述台架耐久试验导出的各工况点下寿命，即可求出路谱采集期间减振器的累积损伤值，即：
$\sum {D}_{i,j}^{*}=\sum _{i={R}_{min}}^{{R}_{max}}\sum _{j={\eta }_{min}}^{{\eta }_{max}}\frac{{n}_{i,j}^{*}}{{N}_{i,j}}$
式中：${n}_{i,j}^{*}$为某实际道路工况点下的循环次数。
最后，根据路谱采集期间车辆行驶里程，预测在该路谱行驶特点下的硅油减振器寿命里程，表达如下：
$L=l\times \frac{1}{\sum {D}_{i,j}^{*}}$
式中：L为减振器寿命里程，l为路谱采集期间车辆行驶里程。
3 M60减振器在牵引车工况下的寿命预测
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以M60硅油减振器为研究对象，根据3 000 h混合循环和2 000 h负荷循环台架耐久试验结果，将硅油劣化作为损伤参量，结合道路实测路谱，预测该减振器在牵引车场景下的使用寿命。
3.1 减振器外特性扭振幅值测试
为获取外特性扭振幅值，进行了减振器扭振测试，测试系统布置如图4所示。
试验步骤如下：
a.在发动机曲轴前端皮带轮上安装扭振测试设备，采用ROTEC数据采集设备+K50Q14光电编码器，减振器圆周表面喷涂黑色油漆，采用Optris红外测温枪。
b.起动发动机，逐步增加负荷热机，直至额定转速1 800 r/min。热机后，发动机出水温度达到80 ℃以上，机油温度达到85 ℃以上。
c.进行测温，要求在额定工况下运行30 min以上，同时使用红外线测温枪监控减振器表面温度，待减振器硅油温度及扭振性能达到稳定状态后开始扭振试验。
d.进行扭振测试，在180 s时间内，发动机从2 000 r/min平稳运行至低转速点800 r/min，用扭振测试系统对发动机扭振特性进行跟踪测量。测得扭振分谐次曲线，见图3。
3.2 基于3 000 h混合循环试验的减振器寿命计算
3 000 h台架混合循环耐久试验的目的是通过转速、负荷的变化来模拟整车驾驶工况，考核柴油机的一般耐久性。由于含有变负荷工况，可以更好地计及热冲击的影响。试验台架如图5所示，运行工况如表1所示。
为简化计算，对转速按100 r/min、负荷率按10%的间隔进行离散分区，然后根据式（4）和实测外特性扭振幅值，得到基于3 000 h耐久台架的M60减振器寿命系数矩阵，如表2所示。矩阵中的系数代表该工况点寿命和额定点寿命的倍数关系。可以看出，扭矩点至额定工况点的高负荷区间损伤最大，1 000 r/min以下损伤较小。
结合表2，将表1中各工况点总循环次数代入式（6），得到损伤系数矩阵，如表3所示，矩阵中的系数与额定点寿命的比值即为该点的损伤值。
以硅油劣化率作为损伤参量，对减振器寿命进行预测。在完成3 000 h台架耐久试验后进行减振器拆检，拆检结果表明，硅油劣化值为29.1%。根据硅油劣化限值为40%，得出M60减振器经过该耐久试验后，性能劣化72.8%，代入式（6），可得减振器在额定工况点的寿命约为9.35×106 s，如表4所示。
如图6所示，路谱采集车型选用J6P牵引车，行驶路线为郑州-深圳，路谱采集里程7×103 km。采集时该车累积行驶里程已达8.2×105 km。
表5所示为路谱采集期间减振器的损伤系数矩阵，最大损伤点在1 000~1 300 r/min大扭矩区间。根据3 000 h台架耐久计算的额定点寿命，由式（7）得出路谱采集期间减振器的累积损伤值为0.491%。最后，根据路谱采集期间的累积行驶里程7×103 km，代入式（8）预测出该M60减振器在牵引车工况下的使用寿命为1.425×106 km，如表6所示，满足标载牵引车发动机1.5×106 km的耐久寿命要求。
3.3 基于2 000 h负荷循环试验的减振器寿命计算
2 000 h台架负荷循环耐久试验的目的是通过转速模拟整车驾驶工况，以考核柴油机的一般耐久性。由于其全部运行在外特性满负荷工况点，试验考核强度更加严苛，考核时间相对3 000 h混合循环更短。试验工况如表7所示。
根据式（4）和2 000 h耐久台架实测外特性减振器扭振幅值，得到基于柴油机2 000 h耐久台架的M60减振器寿命系数矩阵，如表8所示。由图10可以看出，扭矩点至超速区间损伤均较大，1 000 r/min以下损伤较小。
将表7中各工况点总循环次数代入式（6），得到损伤系数矩阵，如表9所示，矩阵中的系数与额定点寿命的比值即为该点的损伤值。
以硅油劣化作为损伤参量，对减振器寿命进行预测。2 000 h台架耐久试验拆检结果显示，硅油劣化率达到7.6%。根据硅油劣化限值为40%，得出M60减振器经过该耐久试验后，性能劣化达到19%，代入式（6），可得额定工况点减振器的寿命约为1.97×107 s，如表10所示。
路谱仍然采用J6P牵引车。如表11所示为路谱采集期间减振器的损伤系数矩阵，最大损伤点在1 000~1 300 r/min大扭矩区间。根据上述2 000 h台架耐久计算的额定点寿命，由式（7）得出路谱采集期间减振器的累积损伤值为0.241%。最后，根据路谱采集期间的行驶里程7×103 km，代入式（8）预测出该减振器在牵引车工况下的使用寿命为2.896×106 km，如表12所示，完全满足标载牵引车发动机1.5×106 km的耐久寿命要求。
如表13所示，根据3 000 h混合循环和2 000 h负荷循环的耐久试验考核结果，预测出M60硅油减振器在牵引车工况下的使用寿命里程分别为1.425×106 km和2.896×106 km，基本满足牵引车1.50×106 km的耐久寿命要求。
4 结束语
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本文通过硅油减振器寿命影响因素分析，构建了减振器的线性累积损伤模型，基于台架耐久工况实测数据，获取了不同耐久工况下的减振器损伤寿命矩阵，提出了依据实测路谱进行使用场景下减振器实际寿命预测的方法。结论如下。
a.通过扭振测试获取硅油减振器的外特性扭振幅值，分析减振器寿命与扭振幅值、负荷率、损伤值之间的关系，能够建立以硅油劣化率为损伤参量的减振器线性累积损伤模型；
b.基于减振器线性累积损伤模型，结合发动机台架循环耐久试验结果和实测道路载荷谱，能够实现使用场景下的减振器寿命预测，指导台架耐久后的减振器可靠性评估。
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doi: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20240378
  • 首发时间：2025-11-12
  • 出版时间：2025-01-20
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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