Article(id=1192092201535549919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, issueId=1192092198389821910, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20240316, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1762146528847, onlineDateStr=2025-11-03, pubDate=1750348800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1762146528847, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1762146528847, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762146528847, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1192092198389821910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, year='2025', volume='', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='71', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1762146528098, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762146867447, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1192093621789803196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, issueId=1192092198389821910, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1192093621789803197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, issueId=1192092198389821910, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=52, endPage=56, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1192092201728487905, articleId=1192092201535549919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, language=EN, title=Effect of Sr Content on Microstructure and Properties of Heat-Free Treatment Die-Casting Aluminum Alloys, columnId=1190284220686766583, journalTitle=Automobile Technology & Material, columnName=Original article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The effects of Sr content on the microstructure, fluidity and mechanical properties of heat-free treatment die-casting aluminum alloy are studied by scanning electron microscopy and electronic tensile testing machine. The results show that with the increase of Sr content, the morphology of eutectic Si phase in die-casting aluminum alloy is refined and modified into fine particles and short bars, the length of the flowing samples of die-casting aluminum alloy liquid increases gradually and the tensile mechanical properties are improved gradually. The optimum Sr content is 0.08% for refining and modification of die-casting aluminum alloy, the length of flowing sample is 879 mm, the tensile strength is 286.2 MPa, and the elongation is 7.9%, the length of flowing sample, tensile strength and elongation of die-casting aluminum alloy are increased by 10.4%, 7.8% and 16.2%, respectively.

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采用扫描电镜和电子拉伸试验机研究了Sr含量对免热处理压铸铝合金显微组织、流动性和力学性能的影响,结果表明:随着Sr含量的增加,压铸铝合金中共晶Si相逐渐细化变质成细小的颗粒状和短棒状,压铸铝合金液的流动性试样长度逐渐增长,拉伸力学性能逐渐升高;压铸铝合金细化变质的最佳Sr含量为0.08%,对应的压铸铝合金流动性试样长度为879 mm、抗拉强度为286.2 MPa、断后伸长率为7.9%,与未添加Sr元素相比,此时压铸铝合金的流动性试样长度增加了10.4%,抗拉强度提高了7.8%,断后伸长率提高了16.2%。

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王登峰(1989—),男,高级工程师,学士学位,研究方向为高性能压铸铝合金与压铸技术。

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王登峰(1989—),男,高级工程师,学士学位,研究方向为高性能压铸铝合金与压铸技术。

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王登峰(1989—),男,高级工程师,学士学位,研究方向为高性能压铸铝合金与压铸技术。

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Sr含量对免热处理压铸铝合金组织与性能的影响
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王登峰 1 , 李芹鹏 1 , 梁剑忠 2 , 刘兵 2 , 陈学文 3
汽车工艺与材料 | 材料应用 2025,(6): 52-56
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汽车工艺与材料 | 材料应用 2025, (6): 52-56
Sr含量对免热处理压铸铝合金组织与性能的影响
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王登峰1, 李芹鹏1, 梁剑忠2, 刘兵2, 陈学文3
作者信息
  • 1 广东雄劲精密铸造科技有限公司, 佛山 528099
  • 2 广东亿众精密科技有限公司, 肇庆 526637
  • 3 广东工程职业技术学院, 广州 510660
  • 王登峰(1989—),男,高级工程师,学士学位,研究方向为高性能压铸铝合金与压铸技术。

Effect of Sr Content on Microstructure and Properties of Heat-Free Treatment Die-Casting Aluminum Alloys
Dengfeng Wang1, Qinpeng Li1, Jianzhong Liang2, Bing Liu2, Xuewen Chen3
Affiliations
  • 1 Guangdong Xiongjin Precision Casting Technology Co., Ltd., Foshan 528099
  • 2 Guangdong Yizhong Precision Technology Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing 526637
  • 3 Guangdong Engineering Polytechnic, Guangzhou 510660
出版时间: 2025-06-20 doi: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20240316
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采用扫描电镜和电子拉伸试验机研究了Sr含量对免热处理压铸铝合金显微组织、流动性和力学性能的影响,结果表明:随着Sr含量的增加,压铸铝合金中共晶Si相逐渐细化变质成细小的颗粒状和短棒状,压铸铝合金液的流动性试样长度逐渐增长,拉伸力学性能逐渐升高;压铸铝合金细化变质的最佳Sr含量为0.08%,对应的压铸铝合金流动性试样长度为879 mm、抗拉强度为286.2 MPa、断后伸长率为7.9%,与未添加Sr元素相比,此时压铸铝合金的流动性试样长度增加了10.4%,抗拉强度提高了7.8%,断后伸长率提高了16.2%。

压铸铝合金  /  免热处理  /  细化变质  /  Sr含量

The effects of Sr content on the microstructure, fluidity and mechanical properties of heat-free treatment die-casting aluminum alloy are studied by scanning electron microscopy and electronic tensile testing machine. The results show that with the increase of Sr content, the morphology of eutectic Si phase in die-casting aluminum alloy is refined and modified into fine particles and short bars, the length of the flowing samples of die-casting aluminum alloy liquid increases gradually and the tensile mechanical properties are improved gradually. The optimum Sr content is 0.08% for refining and modification of die-casting aluminum alloy, the length of flowing sample is 879 mm, the tensile strength is 286.2 MPa, and the elongation is 7.9%, the length of flowing sample, tensile strength and elongation of die-casting aluminum alloy are increased by 10.4%, 7.8% and 16.2%, respectively.

Die-casting aluminum alloy  /  Heat-free treatment  /  Refining and modification  /  Sr content
王登峰, 李芹鹏, 梁剑忠, 刘兵, 陈学文. Sr含量对免热处理压铸铝合金组织与性能的影响. 汽车工艺与材料, 2025 , (6) : 52 -56 . DOI: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20240316
Dengfeng Wang, Qinpeng Li, Jianzhong Liang, Bing Liu, Xuewen Chen. Effect of Sr Content on Microstructure and Properties of Heat-Free Treatment Die-Casting Aluminum Alloys[J]. Automobile Technology & Material, 2025 , (6) : 52 -56 . DOI: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20240316
压铸铝合金零部件的尺寸精度高、生产效率高,可成形各种形状复杂的零部件,因而广泛应用于汽车、家电、电子通信、机械设备等行业[1]。汽车是铝合金压铸的最大应用市场,汽车发动机、变速器、传动系统、转向系统、电子控制系统等都采用大量压铸铝合金零部件[2-3]。近年来,汽车整车及零部件制造企业都在积极发展一体化压铸技术[4]。一体化压铸是将需要组装的多个独立的零件重新设计,并采用超大型压铸机一次压铸成形的工艺[5]。一体化压铸技术使汽车零部件的数量大幅减少,并减少了冲压、焊接、涂胶等工序,可大幅提高汽车的生产效率,降低制造成本并实现轻量化[6]
一体化压铸车身零部件通常具有尺寸大和结构复杂的特征,因而对压铸铝合金材料的要求较高,既要求其具有良好的流动性,以确保一体化压铸大型零部件能够充型完整,避免产生缩孔、疏松等缺陷,还要求其在非热处理状态下具有优异的力学性能,以避免热处理引起大型零部件变形,满足车身不同部位对零部件受力与强度的要求[7-9]。免热处理压铸铝合金的流动性和力学性能与共晶Si相的形态密切相关,对共晶Si进行细化变质处理是提高免热处理压铸铝合金流动性和力学性能的重要途径,因此,针对Sr含量对免热处理压铸铝合金显微组织、流动性与力学性能的影响进行研究。
试验材料为免热处理压铸铝合金,经Innovate T5直读光谱仪测定,压铸铝合金各成分的质量分数为:Si 10.14%、Cu 0.62%、Mg 0.39%、Mn 0.31%、Fe 0.17%,余量为Al和其他杂质元素。将压铸铝合金放入箱式电阻坩埚炉内,在720 ℃加热熔化成铝合金液,用纯度99.99%的氩气和占铝合金液质量0.3%的精炼剂对铝合金液喷吹精炼10 min,喷吹精炼完成后进行扒渣,然后在铝合金液中分别加入质量分数分别为0.1%、0.2%、0.3%、0.4%和0.5%的AlSr20合金进行细化变质处理,对应压铸铝合金中Sr元素的质量分数分别为0.02%、0.04%、0.06%、0.08%、0.10%,搅拌后保温10 min,然后取铝合金液分别浇注到250 ℃的螺旋形流动性金属模具内和圆柱形试样金属模具内,冷却凝固后测量流动性试样的长度来表征压铸铝合金液的流动性。在流动性试样上取样,经磨制、抛光和腐蚀后,在SEM5000Pro场发射扫描电镜上观察共晶Si相的形态。将圆柱形试样加工成如图1所示的拉伸试样,在WSM-20型电子万能拉伸试验机上以2 mm/min的速率进行室温拉伸,检测压铸铝合金试样的抗拉强度和断后伸长率。
图2所示为添加不同含量Sr后压铸铝合金中共晶Si相的扫描电镜图。未添加Sr元素时,压铸铝合金中共晶Si相呈粗大的条状和块状。在压铸铝合金液冷却凝固过程中,粗大的块状和条状共晶Si相会阻碍共晶液相的流动补缩,容易造成大型复杂压铸件充型不完整,产生缩孔、疏松等缺陷,同时,会割裂铝基体,造成压铸铝合金内部产生局部应力集中,成为压铸铝合金断裂的裂纹源和裂纹扩展方向,从而降低压铸铝合金的强度和塑性[10]。添加Sr元素后,在压铸铝合金液冷却凝固过程中,Sr原子会优先在共晶Si相的生长前沿沉积,阻碍共晶Si相的生长,从而起到细化变质共晶Si相的作用[11]。添加质量分数0.04%的Sr元素时,压铸铝合金中共晶Si相的形态已从粗大的条状和块状转变成颗粒状。添加质量分数0.08%的Sr元素时,共晶Si相的形态已完全转变成细小的颗粒状和短棒状。继续增加Sr元素的添加量到质量分数0.10%时,共晶Si相的形态仍然保持细小的颗粒状和短棒状,说明继续增加Sr元素的添加量,对细化变质共晶Si相没有益处,压铸铝合金细化变质共晶Si相的最佳Sr含量为质量分数0.08%。
图3所示为压铸铝合金流动性试样的形貌图,流动性试样的长度随Sr含量的变化曲线如图4所示。随着压铸铝合金液的冷却,首先凝固析出α-Al晶粒,最后是共晶液相凝固。未添加Sr元素时,共晶Si相呈粗大的条状和块状,会阻碍共晶液相的流动,降低压铸铝合金液的流动性,此时压铸铝合金流动性试样较短,试样长度为796 mm。添加Sr元素后,共晶Si相得到细化变质,有利于增加压铸铝合金液的流动性。从图3图4可看到,随着Sr的质量分数从0.02%逐渐增加到0.08%,压铸铝合金流动性试样的长度逐渐增大。当添加0.08%的Sr元素时,共晶Si相被细化成细小颗粒状和短棒状,压铸铝合金液的流动性得到明显改善,流动性试样长度为879 mm,与未添加Sr元素的压铸铝合金相比,试样的长度增加10.4%。继续增加Sr质量分数到0.10%,压铸铝合金流动性试样的长度未见明显变化。
图5所示为压铸铝合金的抗拉强度和断后伸长率随Sr质量分数增加的变化曲线。未添加Sr元素时,由于压铸铝合金中共晶Si相呈粗大的条状和块状,会割裂铝基体,造成压铸铝合金内部产生局部应力集中,成为压铸铝合金断裂的裂纹源和裂纹扩展方向,导致压铸铝合金的强度较低、塑性较差,此时压铸铝合金的抗拉强度为265.4 MPa,断后伸长率6.8%。添加Sr元素对共晶Si相进行细化变质处理,使共晶Si相的形态从粗大的条状和块状转变为细小的颗粒状和短棒状,不仅有利于减小共晶Si相在压铸铝合金中造成应力集中,还能通过弥散强化作用提高压铸铝合金的强度。由图5可以看出,随着Sr元素质量分数从0.02%逐渐增加到0.08%,压铸铝合金的抗拉强度和断后伸长率逐渐升高。继续增加Sr元素的添加量至质量分数0.10%,压铸铝合金的抗拉强度和断后伸长率不再升高。当Sr元素的质量分数为0.08%时,压铸铝合金的抗拉强度提高到286.2 MPa,断后伸长率提高到7.9%,与未添加Sr元素的压铸铝合金相比,抗拉强度和断后伸长率分别提高了7.8%和16.2%。
a.随着Sr元素的质量分数从0.02%逐渐增加到0.08%,压铸铝合金中共晶Si相形态逐渐从粗大的条状和块状细化变质成细小的颗粒状和短棒状,压铸铝合金的流动性试样长度、抗拉强度和断后伸长率逐渐提高。
b.添加质量分数0.08%的Sr元素,压铸铝合金的流动性试样长度增大至879 mm,抗拉强度提高到286.2 MPa,断后伸长率提高到7.9%,与未添加Sr元素相比,流动性试样长度提高了10.4%,抗拉强度提高了7.8%,断后伸长率提高了16.2%。
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doi: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20240316
  • 首发时间:2025-11-03
  • 出版时间:2025-06-20
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    1 广东雄劲精密铸造科技有限公司, 佛山 528099
    2 广东亿众精密科技有限公司, 肇庆 526637
    3 广东工程职业技术学院, 广州 510660
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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