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In order to explore the influence of bio-based plasticizers and leather structure on the properties of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) leather materials for automobiles, system test and performance test are conducted to find that using suitable eco-friendly bio-based plasticizers for automotive interior PVC leather can meet requirements such as -10 ℃ and 30 000 times folding durability for automotive interior PVC leather materials. PVC leather using environmentally friendly bio-based plasticizers instead of petroleum-based plasticizers has green ecological and skin-friendly comfort properties, and emission of volatile organic compound and aldehyde-ketone substances is significantly lower than that of ordinary PVC leather for automotive interior, which has remarkable low-volatile and environmental protection advantages.
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为研究生物基增塑剂及皮革结构对汽车用聚氯乙烯（PVC）革材料性能的影响，通过系统试验与性能测试发现：在汽车内饰用人造革生产中，选用适配的环保型生物基增塑剂可使材料性能满足汽车内饰PVC人造革材料标准，如在环境温度为-10 ℃的条件下经3万次耐折测试无破损等；使用环保型生物基增塑剂代替石油基增塑剂的PVC人造革具有绿色生态和亲肤舒适属性，其挥发性有机物及醛酮类物质的散发量显著低于普通汽车内饰用PVC革，具有显著的低挥发环保性能优势。
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李菁华（1970—），女，正高级工程师，学士学位，研究方向为汽车非金属材料轻量化技术。
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李菁华（1970—），女，正高级工程师，学士学位，研究方向为汽车非金属材料轻量化技术。
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李菁华（1970—），女，正高级工程师，学士学位，研究方向为汽车非金属材料轻量化技术。
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化工新型材料,
2022,
50(1): 46-49+55., articleTitle=聚氯乙烯用生物质基增塑剂研究进展, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1190291718428787168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1190284220607070702, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190291718441370081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1190284220607070702, companyId=1190291718428787168, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=State Key Laboratory of Advanced Vehicle Integration and Control, Changchun 130013), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190291718445564386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1190284220607070702, companyId=1190291718428787168, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=高端汽车集成与控制全国重点实验室， 长春 130013)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1190291721905865225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1190284220607070702, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=ifRYAvixs0CzvzbJo/BQWg==, figureFileBig=ln1Ii0gtrjMFfcCzrA+GIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190291722019111434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1190284220607070702, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
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生物基增塑剂含量对皮革拉伸强度的影响, figureFileSmall=1ZHKsoslkJKqQIQcRp60FA==, figureFileBig=sBAn9MSp3jiKr1iyANW8Rw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190291722295935501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1190284220607070702, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=yC5vIRTVMz7HOhqAlPLlAQ==, figureFileBig=tg4Im/aVGX9aCVp6JIrHyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190291722367238670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1190284220607070702, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
生物基增塑剂对皮革断裂伸长率的影响, figureFileSmall=yC5vIRTVMz7HOhqAlPLlAQ==, figureFileBig=tg4Im/aVGX9aCVp6JIrHyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190291722446930447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1190284220607070702, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=zCmFSj5ro2grc7nCd3TEKw==, figureFileBig=wJRIYyScot4a7UJHvLEOhQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190291722522427920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1190284220607070702, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
生物基增塑剂对皮革撕裂强度的影响, figureFileSmall=zCmFSj5ro2grc7nCd3TEKw==, figureFileBig=wJRIYyScot4a7UJHvLEOhQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190291722581148177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1190284220607070702, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=yIfORVSejaQBJ6n7qsIC0w==, figureFileBig=C44lIRZi+L5NfKaIfCnS+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190291722635674130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1190284220607070702, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
生物基人造革制备流程, figureFileSmall=yIfORVSejaQBJ6n7qsIC0w==, figureFileBig=C44lIRZi+L5NfKaIfCnS+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190291722740531731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1190284220607070702, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 对比项 | Bio-PI-A | Bio-PI-B | 检测方法 |
| 外观颜色 | 微黄 | 无色 | 目测 |
| 密度（温度为20 ℃）/g·cm-3 | 0.985~0.998 | 0.956~0.962 | GB/T 1884—2000《原油和液体石油产品密度实验室测定法（密度计法）》 |
酸值
/mgKOH·g-1 | 0.25~0.30 | ≤0.10 | GB/T 264—1983 《石油产品酸值测定法》 |
| 加热减量（温度为125 ℃，保温3 h） | 0.12~0.15 | ≤0.10 | GB/T 11409—2008《橡胶防老剂、硫化促进剂加热减量的测定方法》 |
| 主要成分 | 偏苯三酸三辛酯 | 邻苯二甲酸二癸酯 | 红外光谱分析（FTIR） |
| PVC试片气味（温度为80 ℃，保温2 h） | 未
脱
挥 | 无明显刺激气味 | 无明显刺激气味 | |
脱
挥 | 无刺激气味 | 无刺激气味 | |
| 析出情况 | 易析出 | 不易析出 | |
), ArticleFig(id=1190291722807640596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1190284220607070702, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
2种生物基增塑剂比较
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 对比项 | Bio-PI-A | Bio-PI-B | 检测方法 |
| 外观颜色 | 微黄 | 无色 | 目测 |
| 密度（温度为20 ℃）/g·cm-3 | 0.985~0.998 | 0.956~0.962 | GB/T 1884—2000《原油和液体石油产品密度实验室测定法（密度计法）》 |
酸值
/mgKOH·g-1 | 0.25~0.30 | ≤0.10 | GB/T 264—1983 《石油产品酸值测定法》 |
| 加热减量（温度为125 ℃，保温3 h） | 0.12~0.15 | ≤0.10 | GB/T 11409—2008《橡胶防老剂、硫化促进剂加热减量的测定方法》 |
| 主要成分 | 偏苯三酸三辛酯 | 邻苯二甲酸二癸酯 | 红外光谱分析（FTIR） |
| PVC试片气味（温度为80 ℃，保温2 h） | 未
脱
挥 | 无明显刺激气味 | 无明显刺激气味 | |
脱
挥 | 无刺激气味 | 无刺激气味 | |
| 析出情况 | 易析出 | 不易析出 | |
), ArticleFig(id=1190291722883138069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1190284220607070702, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 项目 | Bio-PI-B | 911P |
密度（温度为20 ℃）
/g·cm-3 | 0.956~0.962 | 0.960~0.965 |
| 折射率（25 ℃） | 1.478~1.484 | 1.478~1.484 |
| 酸值/mgKOH·g-1 | ≤0.10 | ≤0.07 |
| 酯含量/% | ≥99 | ≥99 |
| 加热损失（温度为125 ℃，保温3 h） | ≤0.10 | ≤0.10 |
), ArticleFig(id=1190291722946052630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1190284220607070702, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
增塑剂物性对比
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| 项目 | Bio-PI-B | 911P |
密度（温度为20 ℃）
/g·cm-3 | 0.956~0.962 | 0.960~0.965 |
| 折射率（25 ℃） | 1.478~1.484 | 1.478~1.484 |
| 酸值/mgKOH·g-1 | ≤0.10 | ≤0.07 |
| 酯含量/% | ≥99 | ≥99 |
| 加热损失（温度为125 ℃，保温3 h） | ≤0.10 | ≤0.10 |
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| 成分 | 占比 |
| PVC树脂 | 46~55 |
| 增塑剂 | 40~43 |
| 稳定剂 | 1~2 |
| 助剂 | 1~2 |
| 钙粉 | 1~5 |
| 阻燃剂 | 1~5 |
), ArticleFig(id=1190291723084464664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1190284220607070702, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
试片配方 %
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| 成分 | 占比 |
| PVC树脂 | 46~55 |
| 增塑剂 | 40~43 |
| 稳定剂 | 1~2 |
| 助剂 | 1~2 |
| 钙粉 | 1~5 |
| 阻燃剂 | 1~5 |
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| 测试项目 | 测试结果 |
| Bio-PI-PVC | 911P-PVC |
| 拉伸强度/MPa | 纵向 | 9.27 | 8.67 |
| 横向 | 8.94 | 8.20 |
| 断裂伸长率/% | 纵向 | 247.35 | 206.25 |
| 横向 | 239.25 | 210.00 |
| 撕裂强度/kN·m-1 | 纵向 | 29.84 | 24.20 |
| 横向 | 24.57 | 23.64 |
| 气味性评价/分 | 3.0 | 3.5 |
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性能测试结果
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| 测试项目 | 测试结果 |
| Bio-PI-PVC | 911P-PVC |
| 拉伸强度/MPa | 纵向 | 9.27 | 8.67 |
| 横向 | 8.94 | 8.20 |
| 断裂伸长率/% | 纵向 | 247.35 | 206.25 |
| 横向 | 239.25 | 210.00 |
| 撕裂强度/kN·m-1 | 纵向 | 29.84 | 24.20 |
| 横向 | 24.57 | 23.64 |
| 气味性评价/分 | 3.0 | 3.5 |
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| 增塑剂占比/% | 技术要求 | 测试结果 | 符合判定 |
| 41 | 温度为-10 ℃，测试3万次，无裂纹 | 表面明显裂开 | 不合格 |
| 44 | 表面有裂纹 | 不合格 |
| 47 | 无裂纹 | 合格 |
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低温耐折测试结果
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 增塑剂占比/% | 技术要求 | 测试结果 | 符合判定 |
| 41 | 温度为-10 ℃，测试3万次，无裂纹 | 表面明显裂开 | 不合格 |
| 44 | 表面有裂纹 | 不合格 |
| 47 | 无裂纹 | 合格 |
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| 项目 | 技术要求 | 测量值 | 测试方法 |
耐热
老化性 | 色牢度/级 | ≥4 | 4~5 | 温度为100 ℃，持续168 h |
| 拉伸强度变化率/% | 纵向 | ≤20 | 5 | GB/T 1040.3—2006 |
| 横向 | 2 |
| 撕裂强度变化率/% | 纵向 | ≤20 | 18（增加） | GB/T 3917.2—2009《纺织品 织物撕破性能 第2部分：裤形试样（单缝）撕破强力的测定》 |
| 横向 | 15（增加） |
| 耐光色牢度/级 | ≥4 | 4~5 | GB/T 32088—2015《汽车非金属部件及材料氙灯加速老化试验方法》 |
| 耐寒性能 | 无裂纹 | 无裂纹 | 温度为-40 ℃，持续4 h |
), ArticleFig(id=1190291723503895070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1190284220607070702, language=CN, label=表6, caption=
耐老化试验结果
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| 项目 | 技术要求 | 测量值 | 测试方法 |
耐热
老化性 | 色牢度/级 | ≥4 | 4~5 | 温度为100 ℃，持续168 h |
| 拉伸强度变化率/% | 纵向 | ≤20 | 5 | GB/T 1040.3—2006 |
| 横向 | 2 |
| 撕裂强度变化率/% | 纵向 | ≤20 | 18（增加） | GB/T 3917.2—2009《纺织品 织物撕破性能 第2部分：裤形试样（单缝）撕破强力的测定》 |
| 横向 | 15（增加） |
| 耐光色牢度/级 | ≥4 | 4~5 | GB/T 32088—2015《汽车非金属部件及材料氙灯加速老化试验方法》 |
| 耐寒性能 | 无裂纹 | 无裂纹 | 温度为-40 ℃，持续4 h |
), ArticleFig(id=1190291723562615327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1190284220607070702, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 项目 | 生物基PVC革 | 普通PVC革 |
挥发性有机物和醛酮类物质浓度
/mg·m-3 | 苯 | 未检出 | 0.016 |
| 甲苯 | 0.015 | 0.075 |
| 乙苯 | 未检出 | 0.032 |
| 二甲苯 | 0.032 | 0.064 |
| 苯乙烯 | 未检出 | 0.024 |
| 甲醛 | 0.065 | 0.073 |
| 乙醛 | 0.028 | 0.035 |
| 丙烯醛 | 未检出 | 0.012 |
气味性
评分/分 | 40 ℃ | 3.0 | 3.5 |
| 80 ℃ | 3.0 | 3.5 |
), ArticleFig(id=1190291723629724192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1190284220607070702, language=CN, label=表7, caption=
挥发性有机物和醛酮类物质测试结果
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| 项目 | 生物基PVC革 | 普通PVC革 |
挥发性有机物和醛酮类物质浓度
/mg·m-3 | 苯 | 未检出 | 0.016 |
| 甲苯 | 0.015 | 0.075 |
| 乙苯 | 未检出 | 0.032 |
| 二甲苯 | 0.032 | 0.064 |
| 苯乙烯 | 未检出 | 0.024 |
| 甲醛 | 0.065 | 0.073 |
| 乙醛 | 0.028 | 0.035 |
| 丙烯醛 | 未检出 | 0.012 |
气味性
评分/分 | 40 ℃ | 3.0 | 3.5 |
| 80 ℃ | 3.0 | 3.5 |
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