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To enhance the management level of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in China’s automotive industry, this paper studies the production, usage, and management of PFAS such as Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS), Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA), and Perfluorohexane Sulfonic Acid (PFHxS) in China’s automotive industry. It further analyzes the current challenges faced by the industry, including the lagging PFAS control regulations and the lack of targeted industry standards. Additionally, this paper proposes governance recommendations to promote PFAS management in China.
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为助力中国汽车行业全氟和多氟烷基物质(PFAS)管理水平的提升,研究了中国汽车行业全氟辛基磺酸(PFOS)、全氟辛酸(PFOA)和全氟己基磺酸(PFHxS)类物质的生产、使用与管理情况以及我国汽车行业目前面临的PFAS管控政策法规较为滞后、行业标准缺乏针对性等问题,并提出促进我国的PFAS治理的建议。
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梁馨宁(2000—),女,硕士学位,研究方向为全氟和多氟烷基物质(PFAS)在汽车行业的应用及管理策略。
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2024-11-10]. https://www.mee.gov.cn/hjzl/sthjzk/sthjtjnb/202301/W020240722344836501082.pdf, articleTitle=2021年中国生态环境统计年报, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195734290668499790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1195733997759279646, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://www.mee.gov.cn/hjzl/sthjzk/sthjtjnb/202312/W020231229339540004481.pdf, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=中华人民共和国生态环境部, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中华人民共和国生态环境部. 2022年中国生态环境统计年报[EB/OL]. (
2023-12-29)[
2024-11-10]. https://www.mee.gov.cn/hjzl/sthjzk/sthjtjnb/202312/W020231229339540004481.pdf, articleTitle=2022年中国生态环境统计年报, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195734290743997263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1195733997759279646, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://www.mee.gov.cn/zcwj/gwywj/202205/t20220524_983032.shtml.https://www.mee.gov.cn/gzk/gz/202212/t20221230_1009192.shtml, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=中华人民共和国生态环境部, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中华人民共和国生态环境部. 国务院办公厅关于印发新污染物治理行动方案的通知[EB/OL]. (
2022-05-24)[
2024-11-10]. https://www.mee.gov.cn/zcwj/gwywj/202205/t20220524_983032.shtml.https://www.mee.gov.cn/gzk/gz/202212/t20221230_1009192.shtml, articleTitle=国务院办公厅关于印发新污染物治理行动方案的通知, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195734290798523216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1195733997759279646, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2019/1021/2024-10-17, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=ECHA, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ECHA. Regulation (EU) 2019/1021 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2019 on Persistent Organic Pollutants (Recast) (Text with EEA Relevance)[EB/OL]. (
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2024-11-10]. http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2019/1021/2024-10-17, articleTitle=Regulation (EU) 2019/1021 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2019 on Persistent Organic Pollutants (Recast) (Text with EEA Relevance, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195734290865632081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1195733997759279646, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://echa.europa.eu/regulations/reach/legislation, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=ECHA, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ECHA. Regulation(EC) No 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Registration Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals(REACH)[EB/OL]. (
2023-12-01)[
2024-11-10]. https://echa.europa.eu/regulations/reach/legislation, articleTitle=Regulation(EC) No 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Registration Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals(REACH), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195734290945323858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1195733997759279646, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2023-10-11/pdf/2023-22094.pdf, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=EPA, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=EPA. Toxic Substances Control Act Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements for Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances[EB/OL]. (
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2024-11-10]., articleTitle=Toxic Substances Control Act Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements for Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195734290999849811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1195733997759279646, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/348AC0000000117?tab=compare, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=日本经济产业省, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=日本经济产业省. 化审法(CSCL)[EB/OL]. (
2023-12-13)[
2024-11-10]. https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/348AC0000000117?tab=compare, articleTitle=化审法(CSCL), refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1195734283747898122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1195733997759279646, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1195734283752092427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1195733997759279646, companyId=1195734283747898122, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1 China Automobile Data Company Limited, Tianjin 300300), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1195734283760481036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1195733997759279646, companyId=1195734283747898122, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1 中汽数据有限公司, 天津 300300)]), AuthorCompany(id=1195734283827589901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1195733997759279646, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1195734283835978510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1195733997759279646, companyId=1195734283827589901, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2 Quality Assurance Department, China FAW Corporation Limited, Changchun 130000), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1195734283844367119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1195733997759279646, companyId=1195734283827589901, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2 中国第一汽车股份有限公司质量保证部, 长春 130000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1195734288672011062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1195733997759279646, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=R1Jfi8gsZthmifIIFdSwbw==, figureFileBig=5ivk1C2xeFQgPJTFrvJmAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195734288730731319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1195733997759279646, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
PFAS分类, figureFileSmall=R1Jfi8gsZthmifIIFdSwbw==, figureFileBig=5ivk1C2xeFQgPJTFrvJmAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195734288906892088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1195733997759279646, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=w2m+7YG8ULZOAIegMxp4cQ==, figureFileBig=re+VTS5KETVpdYqlz02xqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195734288990778169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1195733997759279646, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
2020~2022年PFOS类物质的产量和年末库存量, figureFileSmall=w2m+7YG8ULZOAIegMxp4cQ==, figureFileBig=re+VTS5KETVpdYqlz02xqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195734289062081338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1195733997759279646, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=2uM6Mb3SSw+ECTYr2wNw+Q==, figureFileBig=Jf7z+JleRcKvRUZ60fyRqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195734289129190203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1195733997759279646, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
2020年~2022年PFOA类物质的产量和年末库存量, figureFileSmall=2uM6Mb3SSw+ECTYr2wNw+Q==, figureFileBig=Jf7z+JleRcKvRUZ60fyRqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195734289217270588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1195733997759279646, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=qP+PjdSRc5EG5dbAAFb7hQ==, figureFileBig=J8Mau8RoH/hjCZU1buNqrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195734289288573757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1195733997759279646, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
2020年~2023年汽车产品材料使用情况, figureFileSmall=qP+PjdSRc5EG5dbAAFb7hQ==, figureFileBig=J8Mau8RoH/hjCZU1buNqrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195734289355682622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1195733997759279646, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=tavxP8grcEMknUawRwVF/w==, figureFileBig=Ivvh5cY0REmqt+Je/bf62g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195734289456345919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1195733997759279646, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
2023年汽车产品材料使用情况, figureFileSmall=tavxP8grcEMknUawRwVF/w==, figureFileBig=Ivvh5cY0REmqt+Je/bf62g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195734289603146560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1195733997759279646, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=rlZ2Y3BLdaNfy+Snzy26BA==, figureFileBig=OUsY0tZ4OupcP9T8wAcyZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195734289678644033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1195733997759279646, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
欧盟限制生产、销售和使用的PFAS, figureFileSmall=rlZ2Y3BLdaNfy+Snzy26BA==, figureFileBig=OUsY0tZ4OupcP9T8wAcyZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195734289745752898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1195733997759279646, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=hATj1Cfvz+JsJChTAwGCxw==, figureFileBig=6QAU1x9XecOix0scm7PA7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195734289812861763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1195733997759279646, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
欧盟要求通报和信息传递的PFAS, figureFileSmall=hATj1Cfvz+JsJChTAwGCxw==, figureFileBig=6QAU1x9XecOix0scm7PA7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195734289892553540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1195733997759279646, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 化学文摘号 | 物质名 |
| 335-67-1 | 全氟辛酸 |
| 3825-26-1 | 全氟辛酸铵 |
| 27905-45-9 | 全氟辛基乙基丙烯酸酯 |
| 678-39-7 | 2-全氟辛基乙醇 |
| 2144-54-9 | 2-(全氟癸基)乙基甲基丙烯酸酯 |
| 335-95-5 | 全氟辛酸钠 |
| 137338-41-1 | 全氟辛基二十四烷 |
| 1996-88-9 | 2-(全氟辛基)乙基甲基丙烯酸酯 |
| 73772-33-5 | N-[3-(二甲氨基)丙基]-全氟己基磺酰铵乙酸 |
| 376-27-2 | 全氟辛酸甲酯 |
), ArticleFig(id=1195734289997411141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1195733997759279646, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
汽车产品中使用最多的10种PFOS、PFOA和PFHxS类物质
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 化学文摘号 | 物质名 |
| 335-67-1 | 全氟辛酸 |
| 3825-26-1 | 全氟辛酸铵 |
| 27905-45-9 | 全氟辛基乙基丙烯酸酯 |
| 678-39-7 | 2-全氟辛基乙醇 |
| 2144-54-9 | 2-(全氟癸基)乙基甲基丙烯酸酯 |
| 335-95-5 | 全氟辛酸钠 |
| 137338-41-1 | 全氟辛基二十四烷 |
| 1996-88-9 | 2-(全氟辛基)乙基甲基丙烯酸酯 |
| 73772-33-5 | N-[3-(二甲氨基)丙基]-全氟己基磺酰铵乙酸 |
| 376-27-2 | 全氟辛酸甲酯 |
), ArticleFig(id=1195734290060325702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1195733997759279646, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 产品 | 检出物质 |
| 灭火剂 | 全氟辛烷磺酰基和全氟辛烷磺酸、全氟烷基物质(10种) |
| 纺织品 | 全氟及多氟烷基物质(29种)、全氟己烷磺酸及其盐、全氟辛烷磺酰基化合物和全氟羧酸 |
| 纺织染整助剂 | 全氟烷基物质(34种)、全氟辛烷磺酰基化合物和全氟辛酸 |
| 纸质耐热材料 | 全氟和多氟烷基物质(36种) |
| 电子电气产品 | 全氟辛酸和全氟辛烷磺酸、全氟烷基物质(10种) |
| 塑料制品 | 全氟辛酸 |
| 皮革、毛皮 | 全氟辛烷磺酰基化合物和全氟辛酸类物质 |
| 鞋类 | 全氟辛烷磺酸盐和全氟辛酸 |
| 分离膜 | 全氟辛烷磺酰基化合物和全氟辛酸 |
| 水质 | 全氟烷基物质(17种) |
| 饲料 | 全氟烷基物质(6种) |
| 蜂蜜 | 全氟烷基物质(20种) |
| 蔬菜水果 | 全氟烷基物质(10种) |
| 食品 | 全氟辛酸和全氟辛烷磺酸盐 |
| 食品接触材料 | 全氟烷基物质(10种) |
| 不沾锅涂层 | 全氟辛酸 |
| 涂料 | 全氟辛酸及其盐、全氟烷基物质(10种) |
| 氟化工产品和消费品 | 全氟辛烷磺酰基化合物 |
| 杀虫剂 | 全氟辛烷磺酸 |
| 轻工产品:不粘锅、橡胶、塑料、纸 | 全氟辛烷磺酸 |
| 化工产品 | 全氟辛烷磺酸 |
| 洗涤用品、化妆品 | 全氟辛烷磺酸 |
| 洗涤剂 | 全氟烷基物质(10种) |
| 化妆品 | 全氟烷基物质(10种) |
| 塑料制品 | 全氟烷基物质(10种) |
| 润滑剂 | 全氟烷基物质(10种) |
| 石蜡 | 全氟烷基物质(10种) |
| 油墨 | 全氟烷基物质(10种) |
| 胶黏剂 | 全氟烷基物质(10种) |
| 上光剂 | 全氟烷基物质(10种) |
), ArticleFig(id=1195734290119045959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1195733997759279646, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
我国现有PFAS标准检测的产品及物质
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 产品 | 检出物质 |
| 灭火剂 | 全氟辛烷磺酰基和全氟辛烷磺酸、全氟烷基物质(10种) |
| 纺织品 | 全氟及多氟烷基物质(29种)、全氟己烷磺酸及其盐、全氟辛烷磺酰基化合物和全氟羧酸 |
| 纺织染整助剂 | 全氟烷基物质(34种)、全氟辛烷磺酰基化合物和全氟辛酸 |
| 纸质耐热材料 | 全氟和多氟烷基物质(36种) |
| 电子电气产品 | 全氟辛酸和全氟辛烷磺酸、全氟烷基物质(10种) |
| 塑料制品 | 全氟辛酸 |
| 皮革、毛皮 | 全氟辛烷磺酰基化合物和全氟辛酸类物质 |
| 鞋类 | 全氟辛烷磺酸盐和全氟辛酸 |
| 分离膜 | 全氟辛烷磺酰基化合物和全氟辛酸 |
| 水质 | 全氟烷基物质(17种) |
| 饲料 | 全氟烷基物质(6种) |
| 蜂蜜 | 全氟烷基物质(20种) |
| 蔬菜水果 | 全氟烷基物质(10种) |
| 食品 | 全氟辛酸和全氟辛烷磺酸盐 |
| 食品接触材料 | 全氟烷基物质(10种) |
| 不沾锅涂层 | 全氟辛酸 |
| 涂料 | 全氟辛酸及其盐、全氟烷基物质(10种) |
| 氟化工产品和消费品 | 全氟辛烷磺酰基化合物 |
| 杀虫剂 | 全氟辛烷磺酸 |
| 轻工产品:不粘锅、橡胶、塑料、纸 | 全氟辛烷磺酸 |
| 化工产品 | 全氟辛烷磺酸 |
| 洗涤用品、化妆品 | 全氟辛烷磺酸 |
| 洗涤剂 | 全氟烷基物质(10种) |
| 化妆品 | 全氟烷基物质(10种) |
| 塑料制品 | 全氟烷基物质(10种) |
| 润滑剂 | 全氟烷基物质(10种) |
| 石蜡 | 全氟烷基物质(10种) |
| 油墨 | 全氟烷基物质(10种) |
| 胶黏剂 | 全氟烷基物质(10种) |
| 上光剂 | 全氟烷基物质(10种) |
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