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Article(id=1200451914266702137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, issueId=1200451911695586009, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20240158, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764139639678, onlineDateStr=2025-11-26, pubDate=1734624000000, pubDateStr=2024-12-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764139639678, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764139639678, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764139639678, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1200451911695586009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, year='2024', volume='', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='66', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764139639066, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764139639066, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null}, startPage=44, endPage=49, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1200451914480611643, articleId=1200451914266702137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, language=EN, title=Comparative Study on the Application Properties of Hot-Formed Steel with Different Thicknesses of Al-Si Coating, columnId=null, journalTitle=Automobile Technology & Material, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to evaluate the feasibility of the application of thin Al-Si coated hot formed steel in automobile body, hot stamping test, spot welding test, adhesive matching test and coating test and corrosion resistance test are carried out on single-sided Al-Si coated materials with the weight of 20 g/m2 (AS20) and 75 g/m2 (AS75). The results show that: AS20 material can use the same heating temperature as the AS75 material, but the heating time is less than the AS75 material; under the optimal heating process, the mechanical properties of the two materials are comparable; the ultimate sharp cold bending angle and maximum force of the AS20 material are higher than those of the AS75 material; the shear strengths of the adhesive joints between the two materials and the structural adhesive currently used in production are comparable, the AS20 material matches well with the structural adhesive currently used in production; the peeling diameter of the fully damaged welding point and the fusion diameter and failure mode of the welding assembly where the two materials are located are equivalent, the spot weldability of the AS20 material is equivalent to that of the AS75 material; the adhesion and corrosion resistance of the electrophoretic paint film of the two materials are comparable. Overall, based on multi-performance comparative evaluation analysis, the main application properties of thin aluminum silicon coated hot formed steel meets the using requirements of OEMs.

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为评价薄铝硅镀层热成形钢在汽车车身上应用的可行性，对铝硅镀层质量（单面）分别为20 g/m2（AS20）、75 g/m2（AS75）的材料进行热冲压试验、点焊试验、胶粘匹配性试验、油漆配套性及耐腐蚀性试验。结果表明，AS20材料可使用与AS75材料相同的加热温度，但加热时间需低于AS75材料，在最佳加热工艺下2种材料的力学性能相当，AS20材料的极限尖冷弯角及峰值载荷力高于AS75材料；2种材料与现生产用结构胶粘剂胶粘接头的剪切强度相当，AS20材料与现生产用结构胶粘剂匹配良好；2种材料所在焊接总成的全破坏焊点剥离直径、焊点熔核直径及其失效模式均相当，AS20材料的点焊可焊性与AS75材料相当；2种材料的电泳漆膜的附着力和耐腐蚀性能相当。综上，基于多性能对比测评分析，薄铝硅镀层热成形钢主要应用性能均满足使用需求。

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曹广祥（1986—），男，正高级工程师，硕士学位，研究方向为汽车金属板材开发及应用。

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曹广祥（1986—），男，正高级工程师，硕士学位，研究方向为汽车金属板材开发及应用。

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曹广祥（1986—），男，正高级工程师，硕士学位，研究方向为汽车金属板材开发及应用。

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材料
类型		 镀层 基材主要化学成分
（质量分数）/%
质量
/g·m-2		 厚度
/μm		 C Si Mn Cr B
AS20 15~35 6~14 0.22 0.32 1.37 0.28 0.002 6
AS75 70~90 19~33 0.24 0.30 1.34 0.27 0.002 5
), ArticleFig(id=1200462054512513193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1200451914266702137, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

热成形钢板镀层的质量、厚度及基材的主要化学成分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料
类型		 镀层 基材主要化学成分
（质量分数）/%
质量
/g·m-2		 厚度
/μm		 C Si Mn Cr B
AS20 15~35 6~14 0.22 0.32 1.37 0.28 0.002 6
AS75 70~90 19~33 0.24 0.30 1.34 0.27 0.002 5
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试验
项目		 试验标准 试验
设备		 试验次数/ 次
拉伸
性能		 GB/T 228.1—2021 Z100电子万能试验机 3
镀层
厚度		 GB/T 6462—2005《金属和氧化物覆盖层 厚度测量 显微镜法》 ZEISS Imager A2m金相显微镜 3
金相
组织		 GB/T 13298—2015《金属显微组织检验方法》 ZEISS Imager A2m金相显微镜 1
硬度 GB/T 4340.1—2009《金属材料 维氏硬度试验 第1部分：试验方法》 FLC-ARS9000维氏硬度测量系统 3
极限尖冷弯性能 T/CSAE 154—2020《超高强度汽车钢板极限尖冷弯性能试验方法》 Z100电子万能试验机 3
结构胶粘接头剪切强度 GB/T 7124—2008《胶粘剂 拉伸剪切强度的测定（刚性材料对刚性材料）》 Z100电子万能试验机 3
), ArticleFig(id=1200462054671896747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1200451914266702137, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

2种镀层的零件对比试验信息

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试验
项目		 试验标准 试验
设备		 试验次数/ 次
拉伸
性能		 GB/T 228.1—2021 Z100电子万能试验机 3
镀层
厚度		 GB/T 6462—2005《金属和氧化物覆盖层 厚度测量 显微镜法》 ZEISS Imager A2m金相显微镜 3
金相
组织		 GB/T 13298—2015《金属显微组织检验方法》 ZEISS Imager A2m金相显微镜 1
硬度 GB/T 4340.1—2009《金属材料 维氏硬度试验 第1部分：试验方法》 FLC-ARS9000维氏硬度测量系统 3
极限尖冷弯性能 T/CSAE 154—2020《超高强度汽车钢板极限尖冷弯性能试验方法》 Z100电子万能试验机 3
结构胶粘接头剪切强度 GB/T 7124—2008《胶粘剂 拉伸剪切强度的测定（刚性材料对刚性材料）》 Z100电子万能试验机 3
), ArticleFig(id=1200462054751588524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1200451914266702137, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 试验项目 试验标准 试验次数/次
1 划格试验 GB/T 9286—2021《色漆和清漆 划格试验》 3
2 耐湿性试验 GB/T 13893—2008《色漆和清漆 耐湿性的测定 连续冷凝法》 3
3 循环交变腐蚀试验 Q/CAM—64.3—2011《漆性能试验方法 第3部分：抗石击》、Q/CAM—62.2—2013《漆膜腐蚀性能试验方法 第2部分：循环交变腐蚀试验》、ISO 4628-2：2016《Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings —Designation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance —Part 2:Assessment of degree of blistering》、ISO 4628-3：2016《Paints and varnishes - Evaluation of degradation of coatings - Designation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance - Part 3: Assessment of degree of rusting》 3
4 耐盐雾性试验 GB/T 1771—2007《色漆和清漆 耐中性盐雾性能的测定》、ISO 4628-2：2016《Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings —Designation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance —Part 2:Assessment of degree of blistering》、ISO 4628-3：2016《Paints and varnishes - Evaluation of degradation of coatings - Designation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance - Part 3: Assessment of degree of rusting》、ISO 4628-8：2012《Paints and varnishes - Evaluation of degradation of coatings - Designation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance - Part 8: Assessment of degree of delamination and corrosion around a scribe or other artificial defect》 3
), ArticleFig(id=1200462054827085997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1200451914266702137, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

两种镀层的淬火平板（厚度为1.4 mm）对比试验

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序号 试验项目 试验标准 试验次数/次
1 划格试验 GB/T 9286—2021《色漆和清漆 划格试验》 3
2 耐湿性试验 GB/T 13893—2008《色漆和清漆 耐湿性的测定 连续冷凝法》 3
3 循环交变腐蚀试验 Q/CAM—64.3—2011《漆性能试验方法 第3部分：抗石击》、Q/CAM—62.2—2013《漆膜腐蚀性能试验方法 第2部分：循环交变腐蚀试验》、ISO 4628-2：2016《Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings —Designation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance —Part 2:Assessment of degree of blistering》、ISO 4628-3：2016《Paints and varnishes - Evaluation of degradation of coatings - Designation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance - Part 3: Assessment of degree of rusting》 3
4 耐盐雾性试验 GB/T 1771—2007《色漆和清漆 耐中性盐雾性能的测定》、ISO 4628-2：2016《Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings —Designation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance —Part 2:Assessment of degree of blistering》、ISO 4628-3：2016《Paints and varnishes - Evaluation of degradation of coatings - Designation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance - Part 3: Assessment of degree of rusting》、ISO 4628-8：2012《Paints and varnishes - Evaluation of degradation of coatings - Designation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance - Part 8: Assessment of degree of delamination and corrosion around a scribe or other artificial defect》 3
), ArticleFig(id=1200462054894194862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1200451914266702137, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料
类型		 拉伸性能 硬度
/HV10
 镀层厚度 极限尖冷弯性能
规定塑性延伸强度Rp0.2/MPa 抗拉强度Rm
/MPa		 断后伸长率
A50 mm/%		 总厚度
/μm		 扩散层厚度
/μm		 最大弯曲角/(°) 峰值载荷力/N
AS75 1 149~1 173 1 484~1 511 4.5~5.5 451~472 36.9~44.9 7.9~10.0 57.6~63.1 4 413~4 525
AS20 1 151~1 193 1 546~1 569 4.5~5.0 466~513 19.8~23.5 7.0~8.6 63.2~68.5 4 854~4 911
), ArticleFig(id=1200462054961303727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1200451914266702137, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

厚度为0.9 mm的零件拉伸性能、硬度、金相组织、镀层厚度、极限尖冷弯性能试验结果

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材料
类型		 拉伸性能 硬度
/HV10
 镀层厚度 极限尖冷弯性能
规定塑性延伸强度Rp0.2/MPa 抗拉强度Rm
/MPa		 断后伸长率
A50 mm/%		 总厚度
/μm		 扩散层厚度
/μm		 最大弯曲角/(°) 峰值载荷力/N
AS75 1 149~1 173 1 484~1 511 4.5~5.5 451~472 36.9~44.9 7.9~10.0 57.6~63.1 4 413~4 525
AS20 1 151~1 193 1 546~1 569 4.5~5.0 466~513 19.8~23.5 7.0~8.6 63.2~68.5 4 854~4 911
), ArticleFig(id=1200462055074549936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1200451914266702137, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验项目 平均剪切强度
AS75+AS75 AS20+AS20
供货状态（零件） 35.8 36.3
耐热后 34.9 35.7
耐潮湿后 34.2 33.8
耐冷热交变后 36.4 35.5
耐寒后 29.5 28.8
耐过烘烤后 32.5 32.6
), ArticleFig(id=1200462055154241713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1200451914266702137, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

胶粘接头剪切强度试验结果 MPa

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试验项目 平均剪切强度
AS75+AS75 AS20+AS20
供货状态（零件） 35.8 36.3
耐热后 34.9 35.7
耐潮湿后 34.2 33.8
耐冷热交变后 36.4 35.5
耐寒后 29.5 28.8
耐过烘烤后 32.5 32.6
), ArticleFig(id=1200462055225544882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1200451914266702137, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
焊点编号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
剥离直径 AS75 5.7 5.4 6.0 7.1 7.7 8.2 6.8
AS20 5.6 5.4 5.6 6.4 8.1 8.4 5.9
焊点编号 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
剥离直径 AS75 6.2 6.4 6.3 7.3 5.9 6.8 6.3
AS20 5.7 6.7 5.7 6.3 5.1 5.1 6.9
), ArticleFig(id=1200462055305236659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1200451914266702137, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

焊点剥离直径测量结果 mm

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焊点编号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
剥离直径 AS75 5.7 5.4 6.0 7.1 7.7 8.2 6.8
AS20 5.6 5.4 5.6 6.4 8.1 8.4 5.9
焊点编号 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
剥离直径 AS75 6.2 6.4 6.3 7.3 5.9 6.8 6.3
AS20 5.7 6.7 5.7 6.3 5.1 5.1 6.9
), ArticleFig(id=1200462055380734132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1200451914266702137, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
焊点编号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
熔核直径 AS75 6.3 5.6 7.2 7.5 8.3 8.3 6.8
AS20 6.0 5.7 7.0 7.1 8.8 8.6 6.4
焊点编号 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
熔核直径 AS75 6.4 6.9 6.9 7.5 7.5 6.9 6.8
AS20 6.1 7.0 6.7 6.8 7.1 6.2 7.0
), ArticleFig(id=1200462055456231605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1200451914266702137, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

焊点熔核直径测量结果 mm

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焊点编号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
熔核直径 AS75 6.3 5.6 7.2 7.5 8.3 8.3 6.8
AS20 6.0 5.7 7.0 7.1 8.8 8.6 6.4
焊点编号 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
熔核直径 AS75 6.4 6.9 6.9 7.5 7.5 6.9 6.8
AS20 6.1 7.0 6.7 6.8 7.1 6.2 7.0
), ArticleFig(id=1200462055531729078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1200451914266702137, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验项目 试验结果
AS75 AS20
耐湿性（240 h） 起泡等级 0（S0） 0（S0）
生锈等级 Ri0 Ri0
开裂等级 0（S0） 0（S0）
脱落等级 0（S0） 0（S0）
循环交变腐蚀（循环60次） 划痕层离宽度/mm 2.0 1.0
划痕腐蚀宽度/mm 0.5 0.5
起泡等级 0（S0） 0（S0）
生锈等级 Ri0 Ri0
耐盐雾性
（1 008 h）		 划痕层离宽度/mm 1.7 0.8
划痕腐蚀宽度/mm 0.5 0.5
起泡等级 0（S0） 0（S0）
生锈等级 Ri0 Ri0
), ArticleFig(id=1200462055607226551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189873562199433220, articleId=1200451914266702137, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

耐腐蚀性能试验结果

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试验项目 试验结果
AS75 AS20
耐湿性（240 h） 起泡等级 0（S0） 0（S0）
生锈等级 Ri0 Ri0
开裂等级 0（S0） 0（S0）
脱落等级 0（S0） 0（S0）
循环交变腐蚀（循环60次） 划痕层离宽度/mm 2.0 1.0
划痕腐蚀宽度/mm 0.5 0.5
起泡等级 0（S0） 0（S0）
生锈等级 Ri0 Ri0
耐盐雾性
（1 008 h）		 划痕层离宽度/mm 1.7 0.8
划痕腐蚀宽度/mm 0.5 0.5
起泡等级 0（S0） 0（S0）
生锈等级 Ri0 Ri0
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不同铝硅镀层厚度的热成形钢应用性能对比研究
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曹广祥 1, 2 , 张华 1, 2 , 赵冉 3 , 高帅鹏 1 , 范喜龙 1 , 刘丰宁 1, 2
汽车工艺与材料 | 材料应用 2024,(12): 44-49
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汽车工艺与材料 | 材料应用 2024, (12): 44-49
不同铝硅镀层厚度的热成形钢应用性能对比研究
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曹广祥1, 2, 张华1, 2, 赵冉3, 高帅鹏1, 范喜龙1, 刘丰宁1, 2
作者信息
  • 1 中国第一汽车股份有限公司研发总院， 长春 130013
  • 2 高端汽车集成与控制全国重点实验室， 长春 130013
  • 3 中国第一汽车股份有限公司工程技术部， 长春 130000

    • 曹广祥（1986—），男，正高级工程师，硕士学位，研究方向为汽车金属板材开发及应用。

Comparative Study on the Application Properties of Hot-Formed Steel with Different Thicknesses of Al-Si Coating
Guangxiang Cao1, 2, Hua Zhang1, 2, Ran Zhao3, Shuaipeng Gao1, Xilong Fan1, Fengning Liu1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1 Global R&D Center, China FAW Corporation Limited, Changchun 130013
  • 2 National Key Laboratory of Advanced Vehicle Integration and Control, Changchun 130013
  • 3 Engineering and Technology Department of FAW Co., Ltd., Changchun 130000
出版时间: 2024-12-20 doi: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20240158
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摘要
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为评价薄铝硅镀层热成形钢在汽车车身上应用的可行性，对铝硅镀层质量（单面）分别为20 g/m2（AS20）、75 g/m2（AS75）的材料进行热冲压试验、点焊试验、胶粘匹配性试验、油漆配套性及耐腐蚀性试验。结果表明，AS20材料可使用与AS75材料相同的加热温度，但加热时间需低于AS75材料，在最佳加热工艺下2种材料的力学性能相当，AS20材料的极限尖冷弯角及峰值载荷力高于AS75材料；2种材料与现生产用结构胶粘剂胶粘接头的剪切强度相当，AS20材料与现生产用结构胶粘剂匹配良好；2种材料所在焊接总成的全破坏焊点剥离直径、焊点熔核直径及其失效模式均相当，AS20材料的点焊可焊性与AS75材料相当；2种材料的电泳漆膜的附着力和耐腐蚀性能相当。综上，基于多性能对比测评分析，薄铝硅镀层热成形钢主要应用性能均满足使用需求。

铝硅镀层  /  热成形钢  /  加热工艺  /  点焊质量  /  耐腐蚀性能

In order to evaluate the feasibility of the application of thin Al-Si coated hot formed steel in automobile body, hot stamping test, spot welding test, adhesive matching test and coating test and corrosion resistance test are carried out on single-sided Al-Si coated materials with the weight of 20 g/m2 (AS20) and 75 g/m2 (AS75). The results show that: AS20 material can use the same heating temperature as the AS75 material, but the heating time is less than the AS75 material; under the optimal heating process, the mechanical properties of the two materials are comparable; the ultimate sharp cold bending angle and maximum force of the AS20 material are higher than those of the AS75 material; the shear strengths of the adhesive joints between the two materials and the structural adhesive currently used in production are comparable, the AS20 material matches well with the structural adhesive currently used in production; the peeling diameter of the fully damaged welding point and the fusion diameter and failure mode of the welding assembly where the two materials are located are equivalent, the spot weldability of the AS20 material is equivalent to that of the AS75 material; the adhesion and corrosion resistance of the electrophoretic paint film of the two materials are comparable. Overall, based on multi-performance comparative evaluation analysis, the main application properties of thin aluminum silicon coated hot formed steel meets the using requirements of OEMs.

Al-Si coating  /  Hot-formed steel  /  Heating process  /  Spot welding quality  /  Corrosion resistance
曹广祥, 张华, 赵冉, 高帅鹏, 范喜龙, 刘丰宁. 不同铝硅镀层厚度的热成形钢应用性能对比研究. 汽车工艺与材料, 2024 , (12) : 44 -49 . DOI: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20240158
Guangxiang Cao, Hua Zhang, Ran Zhao, Shuaipeng Gao, Xilong Fan, Fengning Liu. Comparative Study on the Application Properties of Hot-Formed Steel with Different Thicknesses of Al-Si Coating[J]. Automobile Technology & Material, 2024 , (12) : 44 -49 . DOI: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20240158
正文
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1 前言
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热成形钢作为汽车轻量化材料广泛用于汽车A/B柱、车门防撞梁、前后保险杠、门槛等安全件，提升了汽车被动安全性能和轻量化效果[1-3]。热成形钢分为有镀层钢和无镀层钢，无镀层钢在加热过程中易产生氧化皮和脱碳[4]，为去除零件表面氧化皮，需进行抛丸处理，厚度小的零件易出现变形，从而影响尺寸精度，而镀层热成形钢可避免加热过程产生氧化皮，且表面镀层还具有一定的防腐作用，因此受到业内青睐。热成形钢的镀层主要有热浸镀铝硅镀层（Al-Si）、热浸镀纯锌镀层（GI）、合金化热浸镀锌镀层（GA）[5]。铝硅镀层热成形钢最早于20世纪90年代末由ArcelorMittal公司提出，很好地解决了无镀层产品存在的问题[6]，目前，单面镀层质量为75 g/m2的铝硅镀层热成形钢是应用和研究最多的品种。近年来，易红亮[7-9]等基于铝硅镀层合金化后与钢基体界面间形成富碳层致脆的理论，开发了高断裂应变的新型铝硅镀层技术，通过减小镀层厚度降低碳富集程度，从而改善铝硅镀层热成形钢的断裂韧性。除强韧性外，薄铝硅镀层热成形钢的其他关键应用性能能否达到传统铝硅镀层热成形钢水平也受到高度关注，本文以薄铝硅镀层热成形钢和常规厚铝硅镀层热成形钢板材为研究对象，分别开展热冲压、焊接、胶粘、涂装处理，对比评价薄镀层热成形钢的应用性能。
2 试验材料及方法
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以厚度分别为0.9 mm、1.4 mm的1 500 MPa级铝硅镀层热成形钢板为试验材料，每种厚度分别有薄、厚2种镀层，2种镀层的单面铝硅镀层公称质量分别为20 g/m2和75 g/m2（镀层代号分别为AS20和AS75），其中，AS75材料为某量产车型使用的材料，AS20和AS75的镀层成分相同，其交货状态的镀层质量、厚度及基材的主要化学成分如表1所示。
对2种热成形后的镀层材料分别进行力学性能、金相组织、硬度、镀层厚度、极限尖冷弯性能、胶粘剂匹配性、点焊质量、油漆配套性及耐腐蚀性能对比试验，其中，厚度为0.9 mm的材料用于2种厚度镀层热成形零件的力学性能、胶粘剂匹配性、总成焊接及点焊质量试验分析，厚度为1.4 mm的材料用于2种厚度镀层油漆配套性及耐腐蚀性能分析。
2.1 不同厚度铝硅镀层的热成形零件（厚度0.9 mm）性能和组织
本文进行了厚度为0.9 mm的2种不同铝硅镀层的热成形钢搭载某车型的后地板纵梁前加强板零件试制及性能对比分析。加热炉内设置了15个温区，温度分别设置为820 ℃、840 ℃、870 ℃、890 ℃、910 ℃、920 ℃、930 ℃、930 ℃、930 ℃、930 ℃、930 ℃、930 ℃、930 ℃、930 ℃、930 ℃，2种镀层热成形钢板的加热温度相同，AS75和AS20的总加热时间分别为230 s、170 s，试制零件如图1所示。
在试制零件上取样，进行拉伸性能、镀层厚度、金相组织、硬度、极限尖冷弯性能及结构胶粘匹配性能试验，试验条件如表2所示。拉伸性能试验使用GB/T 228.1—2021《金属材料 拉伸试验 第1部分：室温试验方法》中的P5试样，如图2所示；极限尖冷弯性能试验装置及加载如图3所示，试验样件宽度b和长度l均为60 mm，样件采用激光切割，两侧滚轮直径D=30 mm，两滚轮之间的间隙L=2.3 mm，其中S为压头的位移、F为加载载荷；拉伸性能、镀层厚度、金相组织、硬度和极限尖冷弯试验试样经淬火（即零件基体状态）后再进行170 ℃温度下加热20 min的烘烤处理。2种零件在淬火状态下使用当前生产用结构胶分别测试其供货状态、耐热后、耐潮湿后、耐冷热交变后、耐寒后、耐过烘烤后的剪切强度，试验样品在试制零件上切取制备，尺寸为100 mm×20 mm。
对2种不同厚度铝硅镀层的热成形试制零件（厚度0.9 mm）进行总成焊接，如图4所示，总成中与试制零件焊接的零件有镀锌软钢板零件、先进高强度钢镀锌板零件以及其他AS75热成形零件，焊接工艺参数与AS75量产零件一致，按照企业标准评价2种材料的总成焊点的剥离直径、焊点熔核直径。
2.2 不同铝硅镀层厚度的热成形钢板（厚度1.4 mm）油漆配套性和耐腐蚀性
采用淬火后的平板在现生产涂装线上挂片模拟零件涂装过程，涂装工艺流程为前处理、电泳、烘干。对2种材料分别进行油漆匹配性及耐腐蚀性试验，试验条件如表3所示。AS20和AS75平板淬火试样的力学性能测试结果为：屈服强度为1 000~1 150 MPa，抗拉强度为1 450~1550 MPa，断后伸长率为5.0%~6.5%；AS20和AS75平板淬火试样的粗糙度Ra分别为1.34~1.42 μm和1.85~2.05 μm；AS20和AS75平板淬火试样的镀层厚度分别为16~22 μm和39~45 μm。试验淬火平板采用激光切割，尺寸为100 mm×200 mm。
3 试验结果与分析
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3.1 零件性能
AS20和AS75材料试制的零件显微组织均为全马氏体，如图5所示，2种材料的零件镀层结构如图6所示；零件拉伸性能、硬度、金相组织、镀层厚度、极限尖冷弯性能试验结果如表4所示。从试验结果可知：
a. AS20试制零件的强度及硬度略高于AS75零件，原因为在相同厚度条件下，AS20材料镀层减薄，金属基材厚度相对增加，在拉伸试验时承受的载荷增加，因此，计算强度高于AS75。
b. AS20的镀层总厚度低于AS75，但扩散层厚度相当，均符合企业要求（不大于16 μm）。研究表明[11]，较薄的扩散层厚度对可焊性影响很小，但较厚的扩散层会严重降低可焊性，因此，为保证良好的点焊可焊性，需严格控制扩散层厚度。
c. AS20材料的极限尖冷弯角较AS75提升5°，峰值载荷力提升约10%，对AS20极限尖冷弯性能的提升可参考文献[7]的机理。由于镀层的减薄，在加热过程中，镀层与基体界面富集的碳含量减少，淬火后减少了有弊的高碳马氏体的形成，因此，韧性得以提升。
此外，相对于AS75材料，AS20材料由于镀层减薄，在加热过程中铝液化所吸收的热量显著下降，金属基材加热效率提升，可大幅缩短加热时间，降低零件单件生产能耗，提高生产节拍。
3.2 结构胶粘剂匹配性
在不同试验环境下，2种材料的胶粘接头的剪切强度试验结果如表5所示，由试验结果可知，2种材料与现生产用结构胶粘剂的胶粘接头的剪切强度相当，说明AS20材料与现生产用结构胶粘剂匹配良好，满足应用要求。粘接强度一般与金属表面能和金属活性相关，由于2种材料的镀层化学成分相同、表面状态相似，因此，镀层的厚度变化并未对胶粘接头的剪切强度产生明显影响。
3.3 点焊质量
将试制的2种后地板纵梁前加强板零件分别焊接到中后地板总成，焊接工艺参数相同，焊接过程无明显飞溅。取后地板纵梁前加强板零件上的14个焊点进行全破坏试验，焊点失效形式为钮扣状剥离，焊点剥离直径试验结果如表6所示。对14个焊点进行金相试验，焊点熔核直径试验结果如表7所示。由试验结果可知，在相同的焊接工艺参数下，AS20和AS75零件上的焊点剥离直径、熔核直径及失效模式均相当，说明AS20与AS75的点焊可焊性相当。热冲压成形后，铝硅镀层中拥有不同化学配比的多种Fe-Al金属间化合物，其具有不同的硬度及电阻率，焊接时，不均匀的硬度及电阻率分布易导致焊接飞溅，由文献[12]的研究结果可知，Fe-Al(Si)层（即扩散层）越厚，越易产生点焊飞溅，且焊接电流区间越小。因此，在加热工艺得当的情况下，铝硅镀层的减薄有利于保证焊接质量。
3.4 油漆配套性及耐腐蚀性能
由于铝硅镀层板镀层的成分及特殊的表面形貌，磷化较为困难，但后续的电泳漆膜依然具有良好的附着力[13]。电泳后的平板外观良好，分别对AS20和AS75平板进行划格试验，试验结果评级均为Gt0级，说明2种材料的漆膜附着力相当。对电泳平板进行耐腐蚀试验，结果如表8所示，评价结果均符合企业标准。由试验结果可知，2种材料的划痕层离宽度相差较大，AS20材料的划痕层离宽度为AS75材料的2倍，试验后形貌如图7所示。针对此问题，分别在试验平板划线处取样，观察样板表面形貌，如图8所示，由于AS20材料镀层较薄，划线深度已完全穿透镀层达到金属基体，而AS75材料镀层较厚，在相同的划线深度下并未穿透镀层。GB/T 1771—2007中划痕的刻制要求为划破涂层至金属基体，说明镀层板是否划至金属基体会影响试验结果。由于本试验中2种镀层材料在划线处的表面状态不同，导致其划痕层离宽度试验结果差异较大，因此，若使用划线法作为评价不同镀层材料的耐腐蚀性能的方法需要深入探讨划线深度对试验结果的影响。
4 结束语
收起
为充分评价薄铝硅镀层热成形钢的应用可行性，对其主要的应用性能与常规厚镀层热成形钢进行对比分析，结论如下：
a. 在相同加热温度下，AS20材料相对于AS75材料可大幅缩短加热时间，需要调整AS20热成形钢加热工艺。与AS75材料相比，AS20热成形钢极限尖冷弯最大弯曲角提升5°，极限尖冷弯峰值载荷力提升约10%。
b. AS20材料的结构胶粘匹配性良好，胶粘接头的剪切强度与AS75材料相当。
c. AS20材料的点焊可焊性良好，点焊质量与AS75材料相当。
d. AS20材料的电泳漆配套性以及耐腐蚀性能与AS75材料相当。由于2种材料的镀层厚度不同，在使用划线法进行试验评价时，AS20材料划至金属基体，AS75材料并未划至金属基体，这可能是导致2种材料在耐循环交变试验和耐腐蚀试验结果中的划痕层离宽度差异较大的原因，因此，使用划线法作为评价不同镀层材料的耐腐蚀性能的方法需要进一步探讨。
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2024年第卷第12期
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doi: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20240158
  • 首发时间：2025-11-26
  • 出版时间：2024-12-20
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    1 中国第一汽车股份有限公司研发总院， 长春 130013
    2 高端汽车集成与控制全国重点实验室， 长春 130013
    3 中国第一汽车股份有限公司工程技术部， 长春 130000
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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